Earticle

우리나라에서는 건설공사 설계를 위해 수행되는 지반조사 데이터를 국토지반정보 통합DB센터에 등록· 관리하고 있다. 그러나, 데이터 입력 방식의 비효율성, 표준 서식과 현장 용어 간의 불일치, 사업 단위 중심의 관리 등으로 지반조사 결과의 디지털화에는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이런 문제는 데이터의 신뢰성 과 활용성을 저하시키고 인공지능 학습 및 빅데이터 분석과 같은 첨단 활용을 어렵게 한다. 이를 개선하 기 위해 본 연구는 몇 가지 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 국제 표준과 호환 가능한 데이터 표준화 체계의 구축, GIS 및 3차원 지반모델과의 연계, API 기반 오픈 데이터 플랫폼으로의 전환, AI 기반 자동화 기술을 활용한 품질관리 시스템의 구축이다. 제안된 개선 방안의 실현을 위해 「지반조사결과 전산화 및 활용에 관한 지침」의 일부 조항에 대한 제도 개선을 제안하였다. 지반조사 데이터 수집 및 관리 방식이 개선된다면 데이터의 품질 향상과 AI 시대에 적합한 활용에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Ground investigation data for construction design in Korea are registered and managed in the Geotechnical Information Database Center. However, the digitization of ground investigation results faces challenges due to inefficiencies in data entry methods, inconsistencies between standard formats and field terminology, and project-based management. These issues reduce data reliability and usability, hindering advanced applications such as artificial intelligence(AI) learning and big data analysis. To address these issues, this study proposes several improvement measures: establishing a data standardization system compatible with international standards, linking with GIS and 3D ground models, transitioning to an API-based open data platform, and establishing a quality management system utilizing AI-based automation technology. To realize these measures, guideline improvements are proposed for certain provisions of the "Guidelines for the Digitization and Utilization of Ground Investigation Results". Improving ground investigation data collection and management methods will enhance data quality and increase usability to the AI era.

옛한글로 저술된 자료는 활자 인쇄본, 목판 인쇄본, 필사본, 고소설, 서간 등 방대한 자료 가 한국학중앙연구원 장서각을 비롯하여 많은 기관에 소장되어 있다. 옛한글을 전산정보화하기 위해서는 수작업에 의한 ‘입력’과정이 필요하다. 옛한글 문서의 전자문서화 작업이 오랫동안 진행되어 왔으나 옛한글을 전공한 연구자 개인의 노력으로 옛한글을 읽고 입력하여 전자자료화 되고 있는 실정이다. 연구자의 숙련도가 개인적인 작업능력의 향상에 머무르고 기술의 축적으 로 이어지지 못한다. 현재까지 극히 일부분의 옛한글 문서만이 소개되고 대부분의 자료는 수장 고에 보관되어 있는 상태이다. 어렵게 전자문서화된 옛한글 고문서도 전자기기 간의 호환성 문제로 정보 공유 및 표시에도 어려움이 있다. 옛한글 문서의 전자문서화의 작업효율을 높이고 전자문서화 기술의 축적을 위해서는 옛한글의 입력, 표시, 저장 방법의 개선을 비롯하여 옛한글 문서의 이미지 분석을 통한 광학적 문자인식(OCR)의 개발이 필요하다.

A vast amount of materials—such as prints, woodblock prints, manuscripts, old novels, and letters—written in old Korean and using old grammar and/or obsolete characters, are collected in many institutions, including the Jangseogak at the Academy of Korean Studies. Digitization of these texts has required a prolonged manual inputting process. Individual researchers, who majored in old Korean, have read and typed the characters into electronic documents, which depends upon individual skill, effort, and approach, and is particularly limiting because none can be significantly increased. To date, only a small proportion of the old Korean document collections, currently kept in storage, have been digitized and made available to the public. Even the electronic formats of the texts prove difficult to displaying correctly, due to the incompatibility between the old Korean characters and the character set on today’s electronic devices. To improve the techniques and efficiency of digitizing old Korean texts, it is necessary to develop optical character recognition (OCR), which will analyze images of old Korean documents, as well as input, display, and storage methods.

VHS(Video Home System)는 열화 누적과 재생 장비의 노후화⋅단종이 진행되고 있는 자기테이프 기반 아날로그 영상 매체로, 물리적 보존만으로는 기록의 장기 접근성을 확보하기 어렵다. 현장에서는 아날로그 이관과 디지털화가 대안으로 논의되지만, 디지털화가 복사⋅복제로 환원되거나 원본⋅보존본⋅활용본의 경계가 혼재되면서 원본의 위치와 개입 책임이 불명확해지는 문제가 발생한다. 본 연구는 관련 가이드라인과 선행 논의를 바탕으로 VHS 디지털화를 보존 윤리의 맥락에서 재검토하고, 디지털화의 보존적 의미가 결과물의 생성이 아니라 개입 통제와 기록 책임, 원본과 파일의 연속성 관리, 장기 유지⋅점검의 운영에서 성립함을 정리하였다. 아울러 보존본⋅활용본 분리, 작업 조건 기록, 품질 점검, 무결성 검증과 분산 저장을 적용 판단의 최소 기준으로 정리하였다.

VHS (Video Home System) is a magnetic tape–based analog video medium that is subject to cumulative deterioration alongside the aging and discontinuation of playback equipment, making it difficult to ensure long-term access through physical preservation alone. Analog-to-analog migration and digitization are considered potential responses in archival practice. However, digitization is often treated as mere copying. The boundaries between the original, preservation master, and access copies may become blurred, obscuring both the status of the original and accountability for intervention. Drawing on relevant guidelines and prior research, this study re-examines VHS digitization within wider conservation ethics and argues that its preservation significance lies not in the production of a digital file itself but in the operational and technical conditions that enable its long-term preservation, including controlled intervention, documented accountability—the management of continuity between the original carrier and the digital file—and ongoing long-term maintenance and monitoring. This study articulates the minimum decision criteria for digitization, including the separation of the preservation master and access copies, documentation of transfer conditions, quality control, fixity verification, and distributed storage.

The digital revolution has taken business sectors to a new height through the advancement of technology. The healthcare sector also embraced digital technology to facilitate technological change from mechanical and analogue electronic devices to the digital technology that is available today. The common use of digital technology in the healthcare sector includes searching medical knowledge resources, monitoring quality patient care and improving clinical support. The article presents the impact of technology in healthcare along with the privacy and security concerns related to technology use in healthcare.

The present study focuses on the activities and efforts of the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) in the Uttar Pradesh region, which is known for its vast area, population, and rich cultural heritage. The aim is to examine the digitization work carried out by the NMM in this area, as digitization plays a crucial role in preserving our country's rich ancient heritage. The importance of safeguarding cultural heritage is universally acknowledged, and digitization serves as a vital tool in this endeavour. Through digitization, we can protect and preserve our heritage for future generations. The government has implemented several commendable initiatives for manuscript digitization, and the NMM stands as a prominent organization dedicated to the conservation of cultural heritage. The NMM possesses a diverse range of cultural heritage resources, including photographic slides, photographs, digital images, photo-negatives, motion pictures, audio spools, microfiche, LP records, endangered manuscripts, audio and videotapes, digital images, microfilms, digital audio and video files, and more. The mission has undertaken extensive digitization efforts to conserve and provide access to a significant portion of its collection. This study is unique as it explores the digital conservation and digitization practices of a premier institute working in the field of art and cultural heritage in Uttar Pradesh. With its extensive network of institutions, the mission aims to cover all manuscripts, digitize them, and consolidate them on a common platform for easy access and utilization.

previous studies have found the presence of colorism, especially a bias toward fair-skinned women in India’s newspaper matrimonial advertisements where fair-complexioned women are considered more beautiful than those with a darker skin complexion. Most matrimonial advertisements in newspapers are posted by family elders such as parents of prospective brides. This study explored if the rise of online matrimonial portals has empowered marginalized members of families such as prospective brides by giving them greater access to, and control over, posting matrimonial ads, and whether who posts these ads has made a difference to how women are projected in the online ads. Textual analysis of 150 online matrimonial ads indicated that younger women such as would-be brides posted more ads in online media, compared to older family members. Further, irrespective of who posted the ads, there was less overt focus on physical attributes of women such as fairness of skin, but colorism was present in more subtle forms. Finally, the online ads posted by both prospective brides, and their parents, were unable to entirely break free from shackles of socially constructed patriarchal norms where women’s physical attributes such as fair skin are considered critical qualities. Findings were consistent with the tenets of Critical Race Theory that colorism is an ingrained feature of social systems and is constantly negotiated based on a group’s own social interests.

Rethinking and re-conceptualization of knowledge organization has become necessary as a result of recent changes brought by digitization, networked resources, and interdisciplinary shifts. This paper calls for a review of curriculum and changes in teaching approaches to respond to these changes. The paper suggests expanding the scope of knowledge organization by adding new topics, and recommends placement of these topics in different courses (introductory or foundation courses, core or required courses, and electives or specialized courses) for a balanced approach. The paper also proposes a change in the mindset about the target of these courses and recommends knowledge organization work be extended from institutions to individuals. It is also suggested that knowledge organization work responsibilities are broadened to involve authors, knowledge workers, and information users rather than restricting it only to trained information professionals. The paper highlights that the digital environment makes it necessary to change the context for teaching KO courses and goes beyond the collection of information resources and addresses personal information management needs as well. The paper concludes that fundamental changes tantamount to re-conceptualization of the area of knowledge organization, which is expected to open up new opportunities for information graduates aspiring to work in information environment beyond libraries.

In the epoch of globalization, the safeguarding and preservation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) have transcended national boundaries, emerging as a universal imperative and a cornerstone of global cultural diversity. This global consensus underscores the significance of preserving the rich tapestry of traditions, practices, beliefs, and expressions that are integral to the identity and continuity of various communities worldwide. The advancements in information technology and the proliferation of new media platforms have revolutionized the landscape for ICH preservation and dissemination, offering unprecedented opportunities for documentation, accessibility, and global outreach. This comprehensive study delves into the digitization of ICH by leveraging the extensive resources of the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) database, a preeminent repository of scholarly publications. To conduct a rigorous analysis, we employed a multi-faceted methodological approach, integrating CNKI's sophisticated search capabilities with the K-Means clustering algorithm for data categorization, the versatility of the Python programming language for data processing, and Gephi-powered data visualization techniques to visually illustrate complex patterns and relationships. Our investigation spans the last two decades, examining journal articles that specifically address the digitization of ICH. The findings reveal distinct patterns in several key dimensions: publication trends, highlighting the growing interest and momentum in this field; authorship profiles, showcasing the diversity and contributions of researchers; journal distribution, reflecting the preferences and influence of specific publications; institutional affiliations, illuminating the collaborative networks and research strengths across institutions; collaborative networks, uncovering the intricate webs of collaboration among researchers; subject term co-occurrence, indicating emerging research foci and interdisciplinary connections; and the evolution of prominent themes within the digital research landscape on ICH. At the core of digital preservation efforts for ICH lies a multifaceted agenda that encompasses fundamental theories underpinning the process, innovative technologies enabling its realization, strategic management practices for sustainable preservation, diverse applications that enhance access and appreciation, and research that pushes the boundaries of knowledge and practice. Building upon the current research landscape, future endeavors in this domain ought to prioritize the development of robust theoretical frameworks and integrated knowledge systems, fostering interdisciplinary interpretations that bridge gaps between traditional disciplines and emerging fields.

Industrial trends and the present knowledge-based economy are having a large impact on Taiwan. These trends have become a driving force for enhancing Taiwan’s competitiveness and economic growth. Locally, Taiwan’s universities and colleges have undergone transformation with regards to their mission, goals, business orientation and the ‘education industry’. Upgrading industry’s technology continues to drive Taiwan’s economic growth, adding additional responsibility for universities and colleges to ensure that industry talent is fostered, new and diverse financial business models and strategies are created and implemented, including the recruitment of teachers with international perspectives are pursued, for the purposes of nurturing and developing talent suitable for a knowledge-economy-based society. Universities and colleges have responded by promoting off-campus college internship programs and rigorous teacher practice and training experiences. With the establishment of industry-oriented - interdisciplinary programs positive results have been gained with regards to: supporting and fostering relationships with professionals in order to strengthen students’ basic learning and skill competencies as they pertain to industry, cultivate students’ desire to embrace continuing education and to promote professional development for teachers. Innovation is a key to building campus environments that will be beneficial for the success of industry-university cooperation. Government support with relevant laws and regulations that are updated to meet 21st century expectations will provide the necessary mechanisms for school intellectual property and other desired outcomes. TVET 4.0 transforming in Taiwan include customized TVE education for enterprise, intelligent TVE operating, effective TVE talent cultivation, and Integrated TVE professional curriculum. In order to response to impact from industrial 4.0, MOE in Taiwan is promoting to deepen and transform higher education. Besides, speeding TVET reconstruction is undergoing as well.

공공기록물법 상 보존매체 수록이라는 방법을 통해 원본의 폐기가 가능하지만 보존매체에 대한 정확한 규정과 절차가 없다. 비슷한 듯 다른 전자문서법과 공공기록물법의 차이로 일선기관에서는 디지털화 기록물 원본의 처리에 대한 문의가 많다. 실제 공공기록물법령 전자기록물 관련 질의 답변 사례를 살펴보면 전체 242건 중 전자기록물 및 전자화문서 관련이 37건으로 제일 많다. 이 중 디지털화 기록물 관련은 18건으로 질문 종류 및 내용은 다양하나 주요 내용은 ‘스캔본’의 원본 인정 여부, 스캔 후 원본 폐기가 가능한지 여부 등 두 가지로 압축된다. 즉 일선기관에서 기록관리 업무를 하면서 가장 질문이 많은 부분이 디지털화 기록물이 원본으로 인정되는지와 디지털화 대상 문서 즉 원본 기록물의 폐기가 가능한지 여부인데 이 부분은 공공기록물법 해석만으로는 제대로 된 설명이 어렵다.

Under the Public Records Act, it is possible to destroy the original copy through the method of preservation media, but there are no precise regulations and procedures for preservation media. Due to the difference between the Electronic Document Act and the Public Records Act, which seem to be similar, there are many inquiries about the handling of the original digitized records from front-line institutions. In fact, out of a total of 242 cases of questions and answers related to electronic records under the Public Records Act, 37 cases were related to electronic records and digitalized documents, the most. Among them, 18 were related to digitized records, and the types and contents of the questions varied, but the main contents were compressed into two: whether the originals of the ‘scanned copies’ were recognized, and whether or not the originals could be discarded after scanning. In other words, the most questioned part while doing records management work at front-line institutions is whether the originals of digitized records are recognized. In response, Woo Ji-won (2021) analyzed the Public Records Act, the Electronic Documents Act, and other foreign standards that allow original recognition of digitized records, etc., and proposed amendments to the law and establishment of new regulations. As a follow-up study, this study analyzes the standards of New Zealand and Hong Kong, which present detailed standards for the management of original records after digitization, and analyzes the concept of trust scan presented in the domestic private sector to develop standards that can be applied to public institutions. We would like to present.

디지털화가 수반되지 않는 공급망은 마케팅, 상품개발, 제조, 물류 및 고객에의 상품 인도라는 여러 단계가 서로 독립적으로 수행되는 과정에 불과하다. 디지털화는 이런 여러 단계 간의 벽을 허물고, 모든 이해관계자 집단에게 투명하 고 통합된 네트워크로의 변신을 가능하게 한다. 디지털 공급망관리의 최종 목표는 속도와 가시성이다. 이를 목표 달성을 위해서는 다양한 공급망 테크놀러지가 요구되는데, 여기에는 통합계획수립 및 운영체계, 공급망 애널리틱스, 자율적 물 류관리, 스마트 물류센터와 스마트 팩토리 등이 포함된다. 이런 기술들은 예상치 못한 운영조건의 변동사항에 대한 가상 시나리오를 구축하고 이에 대한 솔루션을 제공함으로써 공급망 상의 변동에 대응할 수 있는 역량과 예측력을 강화시킨 다. 본 연구에서는 공급망의 디지털화에 대한 여러 연구결과를 제시하고 현실적으로 기술도입 과정에서 제기되는 여러 이슈에 대한 논의를 시도해 보고자 한다. 연구결과에 대한 시사점도 함께 제시한다.

The supply chain without digitization is just a series of discrete, siloed steps taken through marketing, product development, manufacturing, and logistics, and finally into the hands of the customer. Digitization brings down those walls, and the chain becomes a completely integrated network fully transparent to all the parties involved. The ulitimate goals of digitizatized supply chain management are velocity and visibility. This network will depend on a number of key technologies including integrated planning and execution systems, supply chain analytics, autonomous logistics, smart warehousing and factory, etc, enabling companies to react to disruptions in the supply chain, and even anticipate them, by fully modeling the network, creating “what-if” scenarios, and adjusting the supply chain in real time as conditions change. This paper presents a number of studies on digitalization of supply chains and provides a discussion on issues raised in the process of technology adoption. Implications of the study findings are also provided.

This paper describes a method for digitizing the compound surfaces which are comprised of several unknown feature shapes such as base surface, and draft wall. From the reverse engineering's point of view, the main step is to digitize or gather three-dimensional points on an object rapidly and precisely. As well known, the non-contact digitizing apparatus using a laser or structured light can rapidly obtain a great bulk of digitized points, while the touch or scanning probe gives higher accuracy by directly contacting its stylus onto the part surface. By combining those two methods, unknown features can be digitized efficiently. The paper proposes a digitizing methodology using the approximated surface model obtained from laser-scanned data, followed by the use of a scanning probe. Each surface boundary curve and the confining area is investigated to select the most suitable digitizing path topology, which is similar to generating NC tool-paths. The methodology was tested with a simple physical model whose shape is comprised of a base surface, draft walls and cavity volumes.

법원은 향후 최신식 ICT 기술을 적용한 차세대 전자소송시스템을 구축할 계획이 있다. 그런데 차세대 전자소송시스템에서의 개인정보 유출에 관한 방지책의 관점은 다소 부족하다. 오늘날 블록체인 기술은 금융, 은행시스템, 집행절차, 정부의 전자문서시스템 등에 적용되고 있다. 따라 서 우리도 차세대 전자소송시스템에 다수의 블록체인 기술을 도입할 필요가 있다. 본고에서는 차세대 전자소송시스템 중 전면 디지털화 절차에 있어 개인정보 보호를 위해 다양한 블록체인 기술의 도입을 검토하였다. 전면 디지털화 절차에 프라이빗, 퍼블릭, 블랙리스팅 기술의 도입을 검토하였는바, 이들의 기술은 거시적으로 ⅰ) 잊혀질 권리, ⅱ) 개인정보 정정권, 삭제권, ⅲ) 당사자의 열람권 등과의 충돌 등의 한계가 있다. 따라서 전면 디지털화 절차에 본 기술들의 도입은 합리적이지 않다. 전면 디지털화 절차에 위 프라이빗, 퍼블릭, 블랙리스팅 기술을 도입할 경우 거시적으로 개인 정보 등의 수정 등의 불가한 한계를 상쇄하고자 본 절차에의 포크(Fork) 블록체인 도입을 검토하 였다. 전면 디지털화 절차에 포크(Fork) 블록체인 기술을 도입할 경우 우선 퍼블릭 기술의 도입이 전제되는바, 본 기술은 먼저 기존 퍼블릭 블록체인으로부터 새로운 블록을 만든다. 새로운 블록 체제인 포크(Fork) 블록체인 기술의 도입은 이용자의 개인정보에 관한 수정 가능성을 시사한다. 이는 이미 검토한 여러 기술에서의 한계점을 상쇄할 수 있는 점에서 합리적이다. 그러나 개인정 보에 관해 수정 가능성이 있으나 전부가 아닌 일부만 그 대상이 된다는 점에서 완전성을 담보하 지는 못한다. 이러한 문제를 극복하고자 전면 디지털화 절차에 퍼블릭 블록체인을 전제로 하되 오프 체인 (Off-Chain) 기술의 도입을 검토하였다. 오프 체인(Off-Chain) 기술을 도입할 경우 식별 가능성 있는 개인정보에 비식별화 기술을 적용한 후 본 개인정보를 오프 체인(Off-Chain)으로 전달한다. 이후 오프 체인(Off-Chain) 내에서의 개인정보는 해시로 저장된다는 점에서 개인정보 보안상 합 리적이다. 또한, 오프 체인(Off-Chain) 기술의 도입은 기존 기술들의 한계점이었던 개인정보의 삭제권, 정정권과의 충돌 논제도 개선할 수 있다. 그런데 오프 체인(Off-Chain) 기술 역시 해시 포인터가 해킹될 수 있는 문제가 있는바, 이를 오프 체인(Off-Chain)에 임시 저장소와 솔트(Salt) 기술을 통해 상쇄할 수 있다. 따라서 전면 디지털화 절차에는 퍼블릭 블록체인을 전제로 하되, 오프 체인(Off-Chain)에 임시 저장소와 솔트(Salt) 기술을 접목하는 방안이 가장 합리적이다.

The court plans to build a next-generation electronic litigation system that applies the latest ICT technology in the future. However, the point of view of measures to prevent personal information leakage in the next-generation electronic litigation system is somewhat lacking. Today, blockchain technology is being applied to finance, banking systems, enforcement procedures, and government electronic document systems. Therefore, we also need to introduce a number of blockchain technologies to the next-generation electronic litigation system. In this paper, we reviewed the introduction of various blockchain technologies to protect personal information in the entire digitalization process among the next-generation electronic litigation systems. We reviewed the introduction of private, public, and blacklisting technologies in the full digitization process, and these technologies have macroscopic limitations, such as i) the right to be forgotten, ii) the right to correct personal information, the right to delete, and iii) the right to access the person concerned. have. Therefore, it is not rational to introduce these technologies into the full digitization process. When introducing the above private, public, and blacklisting technologies to the full digitization process, we reviewed the introduction of a fork block chain in this process to offset the inevitable limitations of macroscopically modifying personal information, etc. The introduction of fork blockchain technology into the full digitization process suggests the possibility of modification of users’ personal information. This is reasonable in that it can offset the limitations of several techniques already reviewed. However, although there is a possibility of modification of personal information, completeness cannot be guaranteed in that only a part, not all, is the subject. In order to overcome this problem, the introduction of off-chain technology was considered with the assumption of a public block chain in the entire digitization process. If off-chain technology is introduced, de-identification technology is applied to identifiable personal information and then this personal information is delivered off-chain. After that, personal information within the off-chain is stored as a hash, which is reasonable in terms of personal information security. In addition, the introduction of off-chain technology can improve the issue of conflict with the right to delete personal information and the right to correct, which were limitations of existing technologies.

지역 기록문화의 허브로서 많은 기록물을 보유하고 서비스함에도, 기록관은 과거 비전자기록물에 대한 전자화에 여전히 소극적인 자세를 취하는 경우가 많아, 온라인으로 기록물에 대해 조사·열람하려는 이용자가 불편함을 겪는 경우가 많다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구는변화하는 시대상을 반영하고 이용자의 요구를 수용하는 방법으로 비전자기록물의 전자화에대한 방안을 고찰하고, 이에 대한 해답으로 딥 러닝 기술을 적용한 OCR 기술의 활용사례를분석하여 효율적인 전자화 방안을 제안하였다.

Even though many records are held and serviced as a hub of local record culture, archives are still passive in electronicizing non-electronic records in the past, which is often inconvenient for users who want to investigate and view records online. This study examines ways to digitize non-electronic records in a way that reflects the changing times and accommodates users' needs, and as an answer to this, analyzes cases of use of OCR technology using deep learning technology to find efficient digitization methods.

본 연구는 북미 주요 대학 및 기관의 도서관에 소장되어 있는 한국 고전적 자료의 디지털화 현황을 살펴보고 그에 대한 한계와 문제점들을 분석하였다. 총 9개의 주요 북미 도서관들의 한국 고전적 및 희귀본의 디지털화의 진행 상황을 연대순으로 서술하였고 그에 대한 현황을 정량적으로 조사하였다. 하지만 통일된 목록 기준의 부재로 인해 조사자 혹은 연구자에 따라 보고하는 수량이 다르고 다른 동아시아 국가의 고전적 자료에 대한 연구보다 뒤쳐져 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 뿐만 아니라 한국 고전적 자료의 고유한 특성, 제한된 예산 등과 같은 이유로 디지털화되지 못한 고전적 자료들이 많이 남아 있다는 점을 조명하였다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 필자는 향후 북미에서 통용되는 비도서자료의 목록 규칙(Descriptive Cataloging Guidelines) 제정의 필요성과 북미 내 한국 고전적을 소장하고 있는 대학 및 기관에 대한 연구소 설립 및 북미 연구자들과의 학술교류의 필요성을 제언하였다.

This paper attempts to review on current state of digitization of Korean Classical Materials held in libraries of major universities and institutions in North America and to analyze surrounding limitations and problems of the process. It describes the historical progress of digitization of Korean classical and rare library materials in nine major libraries in North America and quantitatively investigates the recent state of completion. However, due to lack of systematic categorical standards, the volumes reported to be completed appear to be different among researchers and it is discovered that the research on Korean classical materials comparatively falls behind that of other East Asian materials, such as Chinese and Japanese. Furthermore, due to other reasons such as unique characteristics of Korean classical materials and limited budget, it underlines the fact that many classical materials still remain un-digitized. To overcome such limitations, this paper suggests the necessity of establishing Descriptive Cataloging Guidelines for non-library materials in North America and founding designated research centers within universities and institutions that hold Korean classical materials for further academic exchange among Korean and North American researchers.

본 연구는 광해방지 기술개발사업의 성과인 “지하공동 3차원 수치화 및 형상화 기술(MIRECO EYE)”의 현황과 산업 응용 그리고 미래 방향성을 논하였다. 이 기술은 지하공동의 3차원 형태를 실측하는 장비 기술 및 총괄 운용 기술이다. 현재 이 기술은 광업분야 뿐만 아니라, 도심지 및 도로 싱크홀 위험 조사, 지하시설 시공과 안전 조사, 해양구조물 안전 조사, 군(안보) 목적 조사까지 다양한분야에 활용되고 있다. 이 기술의 미래 추진 방향성으로서 사용자가 편한 환경 ‘디지털 트랜스포메이션’을 간략하게 소개하였다.

The objectives of this study were to discuss the technical status of “Underground Cavity 3D Digitization and Figuration Technology (MIRECO EYE),” which was developed as a result of mine reclamation technology development, its industrial application, and future directions. This technology includes an equipment and a general operation technique that measures the three-dimensional figuration of underground cavity and space. Currently, this technology is being used not only in the mining industry but also in a variety of industrial fields, for example, in urban and road sinkhole risk surveys, underground construction and safety surveys, and marine structure safety surveys, and for military (security) purposes. As the future direction of this technology, this study briefly introduces a user-friendly environment for digital transformation.

본 연구는 종이기록물의 디지털화 과정에서 기록의 4대 속성인 진본성, 무결성, 신뢰성, 이용가능성을 보장하기 위한 필수보존속성 도입을 제안한 연구이다. 공공기관에서 추진하는 기록물 디지털화 사업은 기록물의 외관과 내용을 재현하는 데 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 주로 스캔이라는 작업을 통해 만들어지는 기록물은 생산 시점부터 디지털로 만들어지는 전자기록과는 다른 특징을 지니므로 외관과 내용 외에도 보존되어야 하는 필수보존속성이 추가적으로 필요하다. 현행 「전자기록물 보존포맷 선정기준(v1.0)」은 디지털 형태로 생산된 기록물을 대상으로 하고 있어, 비전자기록물이 디지털화된 기록물에는 적용하기 어렵다. 한편, 국내 입양기관에 산재되어 있는 대량의 입양기록물은 2025년 「국내입양에 관한 특별법」 시행 이후 아동권리보장원으로 인수되어야 한다. 인수 과정에서 입양기록물의 활용 및 보존을 위해 디지털화가 예상되는바, 이에 외관과 내용은 물론 구조, 맥락, 기능 등의 필수보존속성을 보존하는 입양기록물 디지털화의 필요성을 확인하고 필수보존속성을 도출하고자 한다. 본 연구는 보존기간이 영구인 종이기록물 중 입양기록물을 대상으로, 디지털화 과정에서 필수적으로 보존해야 할 속성을 도출하고 이를 기반으로 디지털화 방향성을 제시함으로써 장기보존 전략 수립에 기여하고자 한다.

This study proposes the introduction of significant properties to ensure the four major attributes of records: authenticity, integrity, reliability, and usability during the digitization process of paper records. Records digitization projects promoted by public institutions focus on reproducing the appearance and content of records. Records created mainly through scanning have different characteristics from electronic records created digitally from the time of production, so they require additional significant properties that must be preserved in addition to appearance and content. The current 「Selection Criteria for Preservation Format of Digital Records (v1.0)」 targets records created in electronic form, making it difficult to apply to records that are digitized from analogue records. With the enforcement of the 「Special Act on Domestic Adoption」 in 2025, a large number of adoption records scattered across domestic adoption agencies will have to be acquired by the National Center for the Rights of the Child. In the acquisition process, adoption records are expected to be digitized for utilization and preservation, so adoption record digitization that preserves significant properties such as appearance, content, structure, context, and function is necessary. This study aims to contribute to the establishment of a long-term preservation strategy by deriving the attributes that are essential to be preserved during the digitization process for the adoption records among paper records with a permanent retention period and suggesting a direction for digitization based on these.

본 논문은 우리나라의 기록 디지털화 기준이자 공공표준인 "NAK 26:2018(v2.0) 기록물 디지털화 기준"의 문제점과 미비점을 보완하여 원본 기록의 내용과 속성을 충실히 재현할 수 있는 디지털화 개선(안)을 제안하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 이에 우리나라의 기록 디지털화 기준을 해외의 기록 관련 기관의 디지털화 기준, 지침, 권고사항 등과 비교분석하여 디지털파일 형태로 생산되지 않은 기록에 대한 디지털화 프로세스에 적용되어야할 기술적 기준 개선(안)을 제안하고, 이에 대한 타당성과 활용도를 검증받기 위하여 관련 전문가에게 면담을 실시하였다. 그 결과 무손실무압축방식 사용, 기록 유형 별 적절한 해상도 값 설정, 오디오 채널, 프레임 레이트, 주사방식에 대한 기준안 제안, 마이크로폼 형태에 대한 디지털화 기준 제안 등의 최종적 개선(안)을 제안하였다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement of digitization criteria for records that can faithfully reproduce the contents and properties of original records by complementing the problems and deficiencies of "NAK 26:2018(v2.0) Digitization Criteria for records". Thus, this study proposes a technical standard improvement that should be applied to the digitization process for records not produced in the form of digital files by comparing and analyzing the criteria for digitization of records in Korea with overseas digitization criteria, guidelines, recommendations, and so on. In addition, verifying the validity on this study by interviewing experts from the record-related institutions. As a result, suggested a final improvement of criteria for digitization of records such as applying non compression-Lossless codecs, proposing appropriate resolution values for each type of records, audio channels, frame rates, scan methods, and criteria for microform types.

본 연구는 병적기록물의 진본성과 이용가능성을 보장하는 디지털화 기록물 메타데이터 설계 방안을 제시한다. 먼저, G지방병무청 사례를 중심으로 현장조사와 기록물 분석을 통해 병적기록물의 특성을 파악 및 분석하였다. 병적기록물을 징집자명부, 병적기록표, 기안문의 세 유형으로 분류하여 외관(Appearance), 구조(Structure), 내용(Content), 맥락(Context)의 필수보존속성을 도출하였다. 나아가 미국 NARA와 영국 TNA의 디지털화 메타데이터 표준을 비교 분석하여 이를 병적기록물 디지털화에 적용하고자 하였다. 이에 NARA의 메타데이터 체계를 기본으로 채택하되, TNA의 대량 디지털화 관리 메타데이터 요소를 보완하여 메타데이터 설계에 적용하였다. 연구결과 기본 관리, 접근 및 사용제한 관리, 설명, 기술 메타데이터의 기본 스키마와 개인 신상, 병적기록표, 징집자명부에 특화된 메타데이터를 설계하였으며, 일련번호를 매개로 한 다중개체모델을 적용하여 통합 관리 체계를 구축하였다. 본 연구는 병적기록물의 고유 특성을 반영한 체계적인 메타데이터 설계안을 제시하여 공공기록물 디지털화와 메타데이터 표준화에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

This study proposes a metadata framework for digitizing military service records to ensure authenticity and usability. Using a case study of the G Regional Military Manpower Administration, field research and record analysis were conducted to examine key characteristics. Military service records were classified into conscription registers, service records, and draft documents, from which the significant properties of Appearance, Structure, Content, and Context were derived. A comparative review of digitization metadata standards from the U.S. NARA and U.K. TNA was conducted to apply them to military service record digitization. NARA’s framework was adopted as the foundation, with TNA’s large-scale digitization management elements incorporated into the metadata design. The schema includes management, access and use restrictions, descriptive, and technical metadata, as well as specialized elements for personal information, service records, and conscription registers. A serial number-based multi-entity model was applied for integrated management. This study presents a systematic metadata design reflecting the unique features of military service records, contributing to digitization and metadata standardization.