Earticle

Muscle damage is induced by both high-intensity resistance and en-durance exercise. Creatine is a widely used dietary supplement to im-prove exercise performance by reducing exercise-induced muscle damage. Many researchers have suggested that taking creatine reduc-es muscle damage by decreasing the inflammatory response and oxi-dative stress, regulating calcium homeostasis, and activating satellite cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of creatine and muscle damage have not been clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the regulatory effects of creatine on muscle damage by compiling the infor-mation collected from basic science and sports science research.

This research has 21 male undergraduates students with no experience in weight training conduct 5 weeks Creatine intake and weight training and then examine the effects of the exercise on thigh circumferences, Creatine, Creatinine, Ck in blood. The tests are divided into a group of 9 conducting Creatine intake and weight training (Cr.-G), a Placebo group of 5(Pla.-G), and a Control group of 7(Con.-G) and are prescribed to conduct 1 week exercise adaptive training and 5 weeks main exercise to measure the changes of thigh circumferences, Creatine, Creatinine, Ck in blood before the exercise and after 5 weeks exercise with an analyzer. They are made to take 20g Creatine(5g×4times) in the morning, afternoon, evening and before sleep 4 times a week in the first one week and 10g(5gx2times) before and after the exercise in the 2nd to 5th week with 250ml water, and Pla.-G is made to take starch flour in the same manner. Exercise treatment is conducted according to the weight training program as 70% of 1-RM, 12 sessions, 3 sets from the first till the third week and 75% of 1-RM, 10 sessions, 3 sets from the fourth till the fifth week. The result of this paper can be summed up as below. 1. Thigh circumferences: Although left and right thighs all showed higher increase in Cr.-G than Pla.-G and Con.-G, and also the left and right thighs indicated more significant increase in Cr.-G than Pla.-G(P<.05). However, there was no interaction. 2. Creatine, Creatinine, Ck: Although Creatine showed significant increase between Cr.-G and Pla.-G, and Cr.-G and Con.-G(p<.05), there was no interaction. Creatinine indicated significant increase between Cr.-G and Pla.-G(p<.05), and also there was interaction in Cr. Intake and before and after 5-weeks weight training(p<.05). Ck showed significant reduction between Cr.-G and Pla.-G, and Cr.-G and Con.-G(p<.05), but there was no interaction.

이 연구는 체육과 학생을 대상으로 크레아틴류의 경구 투여가 근지구력, 총 일량 및 혈중 젖산 농도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구이다. 피험자 수는 15명을 대상으로 5명씩 3집단으로 나누어 반복측정으로 실험하였다. 이 연구의 실험 기간은 9개월 이고, 연구 변인은 근지구력, 총 일량, 혈중 젖산 농도를 규명하였다. 실험에 대한 통계는 SPSS(ver. 19) 통계 프로그램를 이용하였다. 평균차 검증을 위해 반복측정에 의한 이원변량분석(Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures)을 실시하였으며 결과에 따른 유의수준(α)은 .05로 설정하였다. 연구에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 근지구력에 대한 결과는 집단에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 상호작용 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 시기간 에서는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 그리고 총 일량과 혈중 젖산 농도에 대한 결과에서는 집단간에서 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 시기간에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.05). 결과를 토대로 시기간에서는 차이를 보였지만 집단간에 서는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다(p>.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과를 보면 크레아틴류의 종류보다는 크레아틴이 함 유된 보충제를 섭취하는데 있어 섭취 기간이 중요하다고 생각된다. 또한 추후 연구에서는 단기간 섭취와 장기간 섭취에 따른 크레아틴류에 대한 심층적 연구가 요구된다.

This study was performed on the effects of oral administration of creatine products on muscular endurance, total work and blood lactate concentration for physical education students. The total number of 15 subjects were divided into three groups of 5 for an experiment with repeated measurements. The experiment was performed over the period of 9 months, and variables of muscular endurance, total work and blood lactate density were examined. A statistical package SPSS (ver. 19) was used for statistics for the experiment. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed for mean difference test, and the significance level for the results was set at .05. The following are specific results of this study. There were no significant differences in muscular endurance between groups and no interaction effects. However, there were significant differences between times (p<.05). The groups showed no significant differences both in total work and blood lactate concentration, but significant differences between times (p<.05). The results of this study showed that there were differences between times, but no effects between the groups (p>.05). They indicate that intake period is important in consuming supplements containing creatine rather than types of creatine products. In the future, in-depth studies of creatine products are required regarding short-term intake and long-term intake.

본 연구에서는 12주간 플라이오메트릭 운동과 크레아틴 섭취가 단거리 선수들의 혈중피로물질, 근손상 및 근활성 도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여, 플라이오메트릭 운동과 크레아틴 섭취 집단 7명, 플라이오메트릭 운동집 단 7명, 크레아틴 섭취 집단 7명, 통제집단 7명으로 분류하였다. 플라이오메트릭 운동은 12주간 5회/주, 운동강도는 50~80 HRmax로 설정하였고, 운동시간은 60분으로 하였다. 크레아틴 섭취는 1일 3g씩, 1회 섭취하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 첫째. 혈중피로물질의 젖산과 암모니아에서는 집단과 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타났으며, 둘째, 근손상의 CK, LDH에서는 집단, 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 근활성도에서는 넙다리네갈 래근-가쪽넓은근, 반힘줄근, 앞정강근에서는 집단과 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하게 나타나지 않았으나, 장딴지근 -안쪽갈래근에서는 집단과 시점간의 상호작용 효과가 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면, 12주간 플라이오메트릭 운동과 크레아틴 섭취가 단거리선수들의 혈중피로물질과 근활성도에서는 긍정적인 영향을 미친것으로 나타났으며, 근손상에서는 미비한 결과를 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine how 12-week flyometric exercise and creatine intake influence blood fatigue, muscle damage, and muscle activity in sprinters. To address the goal, subjects were divided into a flyometric exercise and creatine intake group of seven, a flyometric exercise group of seven, a creatine intake group of seven, and a control group of seven. The flyometric exercise was done five times a week for 12 weeks, for 60 minutes in each session, with the exercise intensity of 50 to 80 HRmax. Creatine was taken once a day, 3g per day. To sum up the results, first, about lactic acid and ammonia among blood fatigue substances, there was significant interactive effect found between groups and points of time. Second, concerning muscle damage, CK and LDH did not indicate significant interactive effect between groups and points of time. Third, in terms of muscle activity, there was no significant interactive effect found between groups and points of time in quadriceps muscle-vastus lateralis, semitendinosus muscle, and muscle tibialis anterior. In gastrocnemius muscle-inner muscle quadratus, however, there was significant difference found in interactive effect between groups and points of time. To sum up the results above, 12-week flyometric exercise and creatine intake have positive effect on blood fatigue and muscle activity in sprinters but have little effect on muscle damage.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum creatine kinase (CK) level and pulmonary function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods A total of 202 patients with DMD admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital were enrolled from January 1, 1999 to March 31, 2015. Seventeen patients were excluded. Data collected from the 185 patients included age, height, weight, body mass index, pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), peak cough flow, maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and laboratory measurements (serum level of CK, CK-MB, troponin-T, and B-type natriuretic peptide). FVC, MEP, and MIP were expressed as percentages of predicted normal values. Results Serum CK activities were elevated above normal levels, even in the oldest DMD group. Serum CK level was strongly correlated with pulmonary functions of sitting FVC (p<0.001), supine FVC (p<0.001), MIP (p=0.004), and MEP (p<0.001). Conclusion Serum CK level is a reliable screening test even in patients with advanced DMD, and is a strong predictor of pulmonary functions.

The use of teicoplanin is increasing with increase in the incidence of wound infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Teicoplanin has longer half-life than vancomycin, so it can be administerd once daily, whereas vancomycin has to be administered 3∼4 times daily. Teicoplanin is known to have lesser side effect profiles than vancomycin, such as skin eruptions, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. A 27-year old women in vegetative state had a grade 3 pressure sore at coccyx area. We prescribe teicoplanin to manage wound infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was elevated abruptly at 9th day of teicoplanin therapy. Five days after discontinuation of teicoplanin, CPK was normalized. We experienced a case of elevation of plasma creatine phosphokinase associated with teicoplanin.

This study aims to reconfigure the effect of taking creatine on training, such as the correlation between the period of taking creatine and its effect on training, taking creatine and the effect on training according to the types of exercise, and taking creatine and the effect on body composition, as many people are getting concerned with it as good ways of boosting performance in sports by maximizing their exercise performance capacity. It can be more effective to identify accurate degree of intensity and the main energy system of the given sport entry before taking creatine. Creatine is an energy source which is stored in a muscle in the form of a mixture with high-energy compound phosphoric acid to maintain resonable value during the short-period anaerobic muscular activity leading to the rapid declination of ATP, and then decomposed over time. The effect of creatine on exercise is maximum during the period of 3 to 5 day after taking it. As creatine is saturated from 6 day after taking it, it can be more effective to take creatine in a short-term period, from 3 days to 7 days, than long-term period. As shown in many studies, short term creation supplementation is very effective in getting instant power and it has positive effect in the aspect of work, the whole muscular power. And also it is effective especially for the athletes requiring anaerobic exercise ,that is, muscle strength and power rather than aerobic exercise, as it affects greatly on high intensity lasting 30 seconds or under and exercise performance capacity repeating several times. It is difficult to draw an accurate conclusion related to the change of body composition after taking creatine because it is still controversial among researchers. However, it is a general agreement in academic circles that short term or long term creatine supplementation with resistance training can cause to gain weight and get lots of body fat.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of aerobic exercise frequency on lipids profile and liver function as well as creatine phosphokinase(CPK) activity in dyslipidemia elderly women. For the purpose, the subjects of this study were assigned into three groups, who the first was 3 times/week exercise group (3-EG, n=8), the second was 6 times/week exercise group (6-EG, n=8), and the last was 12 times/week exercise group (12-EG, n=7). The aerobic exercise programs were operated on warm-up (10min), work-out (30~50min), and cool-down (10min) for 24 weeks. The results were as follows : At first, TG, HDL-C as well as LDL-C were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At second, AST and ALT were significantly improved for 6-EG more than other groups. At last, the level of CPK was no significantly different among groups. Therefore, we summarize the results that aerobic exercise was improvement lipids profile and liver function in all groups. But, weekly exercise frequency were more effective in 6-EG more than other groups on protection and improvement on dyslipidemia as well as liver function.

This study was performed to investigate the serum creative kinase(CK) activity and CK isoenzyme in Jindo dog. Serum CK activity and CK-isoenzyme were analyzed in 53 Jindo dogs of both sexes. The mean value and normal range of serum CK activity were 24.1 lu/$\ell$ and 7-91 lu/$\ell$, respectively, in 29 female dogs, 24.8 lu/$\ell$ and 8-89 lu/$\ell$ in 24 male dogs. The CK activity of the Puppy showed a tendency to be higher than that of the adult. There was no significance between Puppy and adult. Three isoenzymes (CK-MM, CK- BB, and CK-MB) were recognized in serum. The mean percentages of female and male were as follows: 48.31fp and 48.1% for CK-MM, 35.49) and 33.61fp for CK-BB, and 8.2% and 10.1% for CK-MB in the puppy and 46.21% and 46.1 % for CK-MM, 36.3% and 37.6% for CK-BB and 10.5% and 9.5% for CK-MB in the adult.

Proximal muscle weakness can be induced by many diseases, such as muscular dystrophies, inflammatory muscle diseases, andpolymyalgia rheumatica. Differential diagnosis of these diseases is important. The patient had proximal muscle weakness with anormal creatine kinase (CK) level. Our initial diagnosis was polymyalgia rheumatica because the CK level was normal. The patientwas treated with low-dose corticosteroid. However, the muscle weakness did not improve. The diagnosis of polymyositis wasconfirmed by a muscle biopsy. We suggest that if the patient has typical symptoms with normal CK, then evaluations forinflammatory muscle diseases are essential.

Total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions of the sera and some organ tissues of dogs were examined to acquire the basic data of canine CPK available in clinical practice. In addition fluctuation of serum total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions is artificially induced canine myocardial infarctino were investigated to know the availabity of them as indicators for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. For the determination of serum total CPK activities, total 22 clinically healthy dogs(7 to 30 months old, 15 of female and 7 of male) were used and 15 out of 22 dogs were used for the determination of serum CPK isoenzymes fractions. For the determination of total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. some organ tissues (the hearts, skeletal muscles and brains )from 3 dogs were examined. For the fluctuation of total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions in the sera from artificially induced canine acute myocardial infarction, 3 dogs of coronary artery ligated experimental group and 3 of control group were used. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Serum total CPK activities of normal dogs were 106.2${\pm}$29.9(31.3∼148.1)IU/$\ell$. 2. The pattern of serum CPK isoenzymes fractions in normal dogs was high with decreasing order of CK$_1$>CK$_3$>CK$_2$. 3. Total CPK activities of organ tissues were high with decreasing order of the skeletal muscles > the hearts > the brains. 4. The pattern of CPK isoenzymes fractions of the organ tissues was high with decreasing order of CK$_3$>CK$_2$ in the hearts and only CK$_3$(100%) was detected in the skeletal muscles. Further they were high with decreasing order of CK$_1$>CK$_3$>CK$_2$ in the trains. 5. Serum total CPK activities in experimental group were changed with higher values than those of control group. 6. In the fluctuation of serum CPK isoenzymes fractions the CK$_1$ CK$_2$ and CK$_3$ values were changed with higher values than those of control group. 7. It was become clear that the finding of Increase of serum total CPK activities, and CK$_2$ and CK$_3$ was important for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

피부근염은 특발성 염증성 근병증으로 골격근과 피부의 염증성 침윤을 특징으로 한다[1]. 염증성 근염과 관련된 근육효소 가운데 creatine kinase (CK)는 임상에서 가장 유용하게 사용되고 있는데 이는 CK가 근육 손상에 가장 민감하고 다른 근육효소에 비해 상승의 폭이 더 크기 때문이다[2]. Bohan 등[3]은 153명의 염증성 근염 환자 중 혈중 CK가 상승하지 않은 염증성 근염은 4.6%로 보고하였으나, 국내에서는 현재까지 조직학적으로 증명된 피부근염 환자에서 정상 범위의 CK를 보인 증례는 보고된 바 없다.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) characterized by skeletal muscle inflammation and typical skin manifestations. Creatine kinase (CK) has traditionally been considered to be the most useful serum enzyme for the diagnosis and assessment of adult patients with IIM. To our knowledge, there has been no reported case of biopsy-proven DM without CK elevation in Korea, to date. Panniculitis is an uncommon cutaneous manifestation in adult patients with DM. A search of the PubMed database reveals fewer than 30 reported cases of panniculitis in adult patients with DM. Here, we report a case of a 42-year-old female who was diagnosed with biopsy-proven DM with normal serum CK levels and panniculitis.

목 적: 로타바이러스에 의한 급성위장관염이 있는 환아들에서 AST/ALT가 증가되어 있는 경우 중 CK가 증가된 경우가 있어 이들 환아들의 임상 양상이나 검사에서 특이 소견이 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 3월까지 본원에서 로타바이러스 위장관염으로 진단된 환아들 중 AST/ALT가 증가해 있고, CK가 증가해 있는 환아들의 의 무기록을 통하여 임상 양상과 검사결과를 종합하였으며, 통계학적 유의성에 대해서 조사하였다. 결 과: 총 14명의 환아가 AST나 ALT가 증가되어 있으면서 CK가 증가되어있었다. 평균 연령은 1년 5개월이었으며, 연도별 빈도는 차이가 없었다. 동반 증상으로 설사, 구토, 열, 경련, 감기 증상의 유무에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 탈수의 정도가 CK 농도 증가에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 설사의 기간도 연관성은 없었다. 14명 모두에서 CK가 증가될 수 있는 질환의 증거는 없었으며, 회복기에 정상화되는 것을 확인하였다. AST나 ALT, LDH의 농도가 높을 수록 CK의 농도가 증가하는지 확인하였으나 연관성은 없었다. 3명의 환아에서는 CK가 1,000 IU/L이상 증가되어 있었는데, 이들에서 급성 신부전이나 경련, 근육통 등의 소견은 없었다. 결 론: 로타바이러스 위장관염 환아들에서 AST/ALT가 증가할 수 있음은 이미 알려져 있으나 그 기전은 아직 이해되지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 AST 나 ALT의 증가 외에도 CK가 증가될 수 있음을 확인하였으나 어떤 기전에 의하는지, CK가 증가할 수 있는 특정 조건이 있는지는 알 수 없었다.

Purpose: Elevated AST/ALT level in rotavirus gastroenteritis have been reported. We found elevated creatine kinase (CK) in those children. This study was carried out to define the relationship of major clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and level of creatine kinase. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made for thirty patients who were diagnosed rotavirus gastroenteritis from Jan 2001 to Mar 2005 in Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Serum creatine kinase was checked for the evaluation of high aminotransferase level among the patients. Results: Fourteen patients (8 males, 6 females) with high creatine kinase activity were included in this study. The mean age was $1.46{\pm}1.24year$ of age. The mean level of AST, ALT and CK were $127.5{\pm}136.2IU/L$, $126.1{\pm}154.3IU/L$, and $542.8{\pm}624.6IU/L$, respectively. Electrophoresis of CK isoenzyme was performed in four of them and the results revealed elevated CK-MM fraction (96~100%). Three of them revealed high serum creatine kinase acitivity (>1,000 IU/L) without acute renal failure and other symptom. However, none of them had muscular pain or trauma history. Elevated creatine kinase activity did not correlate with clinical implications (age, sex, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, symptom of URI, degree of dehydration or seizure) or laboratory findings. Conclusion: In this study, we found that serum creatine kinase acitivity also was elevated in infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis. This data support muscular damage due to rotavirus, but could not prove the mechanism of increased serum creatine kinase activity.

돼지 심장 근육에서 추출된 mitochondrial creatine kinase의 반응 특성과 cytoplasmic creatine kinase의 반응 특성을 비교 연구하였다. Mitochondrial creatine kinase의 최적 반응 pH는 정반응뿐만 아니라 역반응에 있어서도 cytoplasmic creatine kinase 것보다 다소, 낮았고, 또한 pH 7.0과 8.0 사이에서 mitochondrial creatine kinase의 정반응과 역반응의 최고 속도비는 cytoplasmic creatine kinase의 것보다 월등히 높음을 관찰하였다. 기질들에 대한 효소의 친화도는 mitochondrial creatine kinase가 cytoplasmic creatine kinase 것보다 2배 정도 강함을 알 수 있었다. 더우기 pH 7.4에서 반응 평형 상수 ($K_{eq}$)는 mitochondrial creatine kinase의 경우 $1.48{\times}10^{-2}$, cytoplasmic creatine kinase의 경우 $7.20{\times}10^{-3}$ 임을 보였고 이 결과는 mitochondrial creatine kinase는 cytoplasmic creatine kinase 것보다 정반응쪽 반응이 2배 정도 유리함을 시사해 준다. 이 외에도 mitochondrial creatine kinase의 초기 속도 반응 및 product 저해 작용의 반응 형상들은 cytoplasmic creatine kinase 것과 유사함을 보였고, 이 결과로부터 두 반응 경우 모두 rapid equilibrium, random 유형의 반응 기작을 따름을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 실험 결과를 바탕으로 mitochondrial creatine kinase의 생화학적 역할을 추측하고자 하였다.

The mitochondrial creatine kinase was isolated from pig heart muscle, and its kinetic properties were compared with those of cytoplasmic isoenzyme. The optimum pH for both forward and reverse reaction of mitochondrial enzyme was observed to be slightly lower than that of cytoplasmic enzyme. Also it was found that at the pH between 7.0 and 8.0 the ratio of maximal forward to reverse reaction of mitochondrial enzyme is higher than that of cytoplasmic isoenzyme. The affinities of mitochondrial enzyme toward its substrates were estimated to be stronger than those of cytoplasmic enzyme at the through-out pH studied. The over-all equilibrium constant($K_{eq}$) at pH 7.4 was estimated to be $1.48{\times}10^{-2}$ and $7.20{\times}10^{-3}$ for the mitochondrial and the cytoplasmic isoenzymes, respectively. The characteristic patterns of the initial velocities and the product inhibitions for the mitochondrial creatine kinase forward reaction at pH 7.4 was appeared to be same as those of cytoplasmic creatine kinase reaction exept that for mitochondrial reaction there is a marked inhibition of the maximal velocity against the increasing concentration of phosphocreatine. Based on the results of a series of comparative kinetic studies, we will discuss the physiological role of heart mitochondrial creatine kinase in the energy metabolism of the heart muscle system.

Kinesin은 세포의 중심부에서 세포막쪽으로 미세소관을 따라 이동하며, heterotrimeric kinesin-2는 kinesin superfamily (KIF)의 한 종류로 미세소관의 plus방향으로 이동하는 분자 모터 단백질이다. Heterotrimeric kinesin-2는 모터 활성을 가지는 3종류(KIF3A, KIF3B와 KIF3C)와 kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3)이 결합한 형태로 KIF3s의 운반체 결합 영역을 통하여 다양한 결합 단백질과 결합한다. 그러나, 다양한 운반체를 수송하는 heterotrimeric kinesin-2를 조절하는 조절단백질에 대하여서는 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 heterotrimeric kinesin-2를 조절하는 조절단백질을 단백질을 분리하기 위하여 KIF3A의 운반체 결합 영역과 결합하는 단백질을 효모 two-hybrid system을 사용하여 탐색한 결과, 뇌에 특이적으로 발현하는 세포질 크레아틴 키나아제(CKB)를 분리하였다. CKB의 C-말단은 KIF3A의 운반체 결합 영역과 결합하지만, KIF3B, KIF5B와 KAP3과는 결합하지 않았다. 다른 단백질 키나아제인 CaMKIIa는 KIF3A와 결합하지만 GSK3a는 KIF3A와 결합하지 않았다. 또한 KIF3A은 GST-CKB-C와는 결합하지만 GST-CKB-C와 GST와는 결합하지 않았다. HEK-293T세포에 CKB와 KIF3A을 동시에 발현시켰을 때 두 단백질은 세포 내에서 같은 부위에 존재하며, CKB 혹은 KIF3A을 면역침강한 결과 KIF3A뿐만 아니라 KIF3B와도 같이 침강함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들은 CKB-KIF3A 결합은 세포내에서 에너지가 부족되는 조건에서 heterotrimeric kinesin-2의 운반체 수송을 조절할 가능성을 시사한다.

Heterotrimeric kinesin-2 is a molecular motor protein of the kinesin superfamily (KIF) that moves along a microtubule plus-end directed motor protein. It consists of three different motor subunits (KIF3A, KIF3B, and KIF3C) and a kinesin-associated protein 3 (KAP3) that form a heterotrimeric complex. Heterotrimeric kinesin-2 interacts with many different binding proteins through the cargo-binding domain of the KIF3s. The activity of heterotrimeric kinesin-2 is regulated to ensure that the cargo is directed to the right place at the right time. How this regulation occurs, however, remains in question. To identify the regulatory proteins for heterotrimeric kinesin-2, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening and found a specific interaction with creatine kinase B (CKB), which is the brain isoform of cytosolic creatine kinase enzyme. CKB bound to the cargo-binding domain of KIF3A but did not interact with the KIF3B, KIF5B, or KAP3 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The carboxyl (C)-terminal region of CKB is essential for the interaction with KIF3A. Another protein kinase, CaMKIIa, interacted with KIF3A, but GSK3a did not interact with KIF3A in the yeast two-hybrid assay. KIF3A interacted with GST-CKB-C but not with GSK-CKB-N or GST alone. When co-expressed in HEK-293T cells, CKB co-localized with KIF3A and co-immunoprecipitated with KIF3A and KIF3B but not KIF5B. These results suggest that the CKB-KIF3A interaction may regulate the cargo transport of heterotrimeric kinesin-2 under energy-compromised conditions in cells.

Total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions of the sera and tissues were examined to obtain the physiological basic data of ruminant available in veterinary clinical practice. For the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions, total 39 clinically healthy Korean native goats (3 to 10 months old, IS of female and 18 of male) and 6 of Korean native goats (1 to 2 years old, 3 of female and 3 of male) were used. Seventeen Korean native cattle (3 to 6 years old, 10 of female and 7 of male) and 27 Holstein-Friesian cattle (2 to 8 months old, 7 of female and 3 to 12 years old, 20 of female) were also examined for the sera total CPK activities and CPK isoenzymes fractions. For the total CPK activities and CPK isoenzyme fractions, 3 of female Korean native goats (7 months old), 3 of female Korean native cattle (2 years old) and 3 of dairy cattle (2 years old, 2 of female and 1 of male) were used. The tissues examined were the cerebrum (2 of Korean native cattle), spinal cord (1 of Korean native cattle), heart, lung, diaphragm, reticulum, liver, spleen, kidney, jejunum. colon and femoral muscle. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old. serum total CPK activities were 67.8${\pm}$17.7(39.0~96.5) IU/$\ell$ in female and 63.4${\pm}$19.0(28.7~94.4) IU/$\ell$ in male. Further they were 67.0${\pm}$5.3(59.5~70.7) IU/$\ell$ and 54.5${\pm}$11.1(39.1~69.4) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of female were slightly higher than those of male. Significance between age and sex was not found. 2. Serum total CPK activities were 56.8${\pm}$19.7(27.6~90.5) IU/$\ell$ and 65.6${\pm}$10.8(52.8~78.0) IU/$\ell$ in female and male Korean native adult cattle, respectively, Serum total CPK activities of male were slightly higher than those of female, but they were not significant 3. Serum total CPK activities we,e 72.5${\pm}$8.2(57.2~83.2) IU/$\ell$ and 60.8${\pm}$12.5(42.7~80.6) IU/$\ell$ in calves and adult of dairy acttle, respectively. Serum total CPK activities of calves were significantly higher than those of adult(p<0.05). 4. In Korean native goats less than 1-year-old, serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>BB>MB in female and male, respectively. Further they were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and MM>B8>MB in female and male Korean native goats over 1-year-old, respectively. The main fractions of CPK isoenzymes were MM in sera of Korean native goats. 5. Serum CPK Isoenzyme fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB In both female and male of Korean native cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 6. Serum CPK isoenzymes fractions were high with decreasing order of MM>BB>MB in both calves and adult of dairy cattle. The main fraction among them was MM. 7. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the femoral muscle>kidney>reticulum>diaphragm>liver>spleen>heart>colon>lung>jejunum in Korean native goats. 8. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order of the spinal cord >cerebrum>femoral muscle>reticulum>kidney>liver>spleen>diaphragm>lung>colon>heart>jejunum in Korean native cattle. 9. Total CPK activities were high with decreasing order. of the femoral muscle >liver>retoculum>kidney>heart>colon>lung>spleen>jejunum>diaphrasm in dairy cattle. 10. The pattern of the cardiac CPK isoenzymes fractions was identical in Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high in the order of MM>MB without BB fractions and the main fraction was MM. 11. The pattern of the pulmonary CPK isoenzymes fractions was the same Korean native goats, Korean native cattle and dairy cattle. They were high with decreasing order of MM>MB>BB and the main fraction among them

식이성 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 Sprague Dawley계 숫 흰쥐를 사용하여 돌복숭아(Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max.) 생리활성물질 추출액을 급여하므로서, 혈청 유리지방산, creatine phosphokinase 및 lecithin cholesterol acyltrasferase(LCAT) 활성 등 생체 내 지질 대사 이상 및 혈청 지질 개선 효과를 생리생화학적 측면에서 검토하기 위하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 기본 식이에 물 급여군인 대조군(BW군)과 돼지기름, 콜레스테롤 등에 의한 고콜레스테롤 유발 식이에 물 급여군(BCW군), 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 식이에 돌복숭아 $5.0 g\%$ 추출액을 급여한 군(BCP군)을 5주간 실험 사육하였다. 혈청 중 전해질 농도(Na, K, Cl)는 고콜레스테롤혈증 군에 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여하므로서 농도가 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였지만 전해질 농도의 저하효과는 유의성 있게 관찰되지 않았다. 혈청 중 유리지방산, 과산화지질 농도 및 creatine phosphokinase 활성 등은 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여한 군에서 농도와 활성이 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 혈청 LCAT 활성은 고콜레스테롤 유발군에 돌복숭아 추출액 급여에 의해 증가되는 것 등으로 미루어 보아, 돌복숭아 중의 생리활성물질이 식이성 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐에 대한 혈청 지질 개선 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

This study was performed to observe the effects of the feeding Prunus persica Batsch var davidiana Max. extract on the improvement of the free fatty acid, creatine phosphokinase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) activities in the serum of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats(S. D. strain, male) fed the experimental diets for. 5 weeks. Concentration of electrolyte(Na, K, Cl) in serum were fairly reduced in the group BCP(basal diet + cholesterol + Prunus persica, $5.0\;g\%$ extract) than in the group BCW(basal diet + cholesterol + water). However, no significance was found in the effect of an electrolyte concentration among the groups. Concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and creatine phosphokinase activity in serum were significantly higher in the cholesterol administration groups(group BCW, BCP) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet + water). However, concentrations of free fatty acid, lipid peroxide and creatine phosphokinase activity in serum were remarkably lower in the group BCP than those in the group BCW The LCAT activity in serum was increased in the Prunus persica $5.0g\%$ extract administration group(group BCP) than in the cholesterol of diet group(group BCW). From these results, the Prunus persica Batsch var davidiana Max. extracts were found to be effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum of dietary hypercholesterolemic rats.

돌복숭아(Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max.)의 생리활성 추출물질($5.0g\%$ extract)이 streptozotocin (STZ, 55mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)으로 유발된 당뇨성 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐의 지질 및 당질대사 이상에 의해 야기되는 각종 질환의 예방과 개선 효과 등에 많은 생리적 효능이 있을 것으로 판단되어 본 실험을 수행하였다. 기본 식이에 물 급여군인 대조군(BW군)을 비롯한 STZ 당뇨 유발 흰쥐에 물 급여군(BSW군)과 당뇨 유발군에 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여한 군(BSP군)을5주간실험 사육하였다. 혈청 중의 전해질 농도(Na, K, Cl)는 당뇨 유발군(BSW군)에 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여(BSP군)하므로서 농도가 다소 나마 감소되는 것으로 나타났지만 유의성 있는 농도의 차이는 없었다. 한편 혈청 유리지방산 및 과산화지질 농도, creatine phosphokinase활성 등에서 돌복숭아추출액을 급여하므로서 유의적인 농도와 활성 감소를 나타내었고, 혈청 lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) 활성은 당뇨 유발군에 돌복숭아 추출액 급여에 의하여 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 돌복숭아 중의 생리활성물질이 STZ으로 유발된 당뇨성 흰쥐의 당질 및 지질대사 이상 등에서 오는 각종 질환의 예방 및 치료에 개선 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was designed to observe the effects of the Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. hot-water extract on the improvement of the glucide and lipid metabolism in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 55, mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced diabetic rats(S.D. strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Electrolyte(Na, K, Cl) concentration in serum were fairly reduced in the group BSP(basal diet+STZ+Prunus persica $5.0g\%$ extract) than in the STZ(I.P.)-induced diabetic rats group(group BSW, basal diet+STZ(I.P.)+water). Although there was no significant difference among the groups. Concentrations of free fatty acid and lipid peroxide in serum were significantly higher in the STZ-induced diabetic group(group BSW) and STZ+Prunus persica $5.0;g\%$ extract group(group BSP) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet+water). However, the concentrations of free fatty acid and lipid peroxide in serum were remarkably reduced in the group BSP than those in the group BSW, The activity of creatine phophokinase In serum was significantly lower in the group BSP than in the group BSW However, the activity of LCAT in serum was increased in the group BSP(Prunus persica $5.0\;g\%$ hot-water extract administration group) than in the STZ-induced diabetic group(group BSW). The above results shows that Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. were effective on the improvement of the glucide and lipid metabolism in serum of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The author investigated the effect of $Mg^#$, $Ca^#$, $Na^+$, $K^+$ and creatine phosphate on the ATPase activity of microsomal fraction isolated from rabbit uterus and obtained the following results : 1) The uterine microsomal fraction contained the $Na^+-$ and $K^+-$ activated ATPase in the presence of $Mg^#$. The ATPase activity increased with protein content in the fraction. 2) The maximum ATPase activity was obtained at $Na^+$ and $K^+$ concentraction of 100 mM respectively. 3) In the absence of $Mg^#$, the ATPase was not activated by $Na^+$ and $K^+$, but inhibited. 4) Car stimulated the $Na^+-$ and $K^+-$ activated ATPase in the presence of $Mg^#$. However, in the absence of $Mg^#$, the ATPase was not activated by $Ca^#$. 5) The $K^+-$ activated ATPase activity was greater than the $Na^+-activated$ ATPase under all conditions. 6) The $Na^+-$ and $K^+$ activated ATPase activity was increased by addition of creatine phosphokinase and creatine phosphate to the reaction mixture.