Earticle

본 연구는 지르코니아의 컬러링 리퀴드 침투 깊이가 색 안정성 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 시편은 컬러링 시간에 따라 무처리군과 1, 5, 10분 침지군으로 구분하였으며, EDS를 통해 원소 분포 및 침투 깊이를 분석하고, SEM을 통해 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 또한 색 변화(ΔE*ab), Vickers 경도 및 압흔 균열 양상을 평가하여 색 안정성과 기계적 특성 간의 상관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 컬러링 시간이 증가할수록 착색 원소의 침투 깊이와 분포 균일성은 증가하였으며, 이에 따라 색 안정성은 향상되는 경향을 나타냈다. 반면, 미세구조의 형태학적 변화는 크지 않았으나, 10분 침지군에서는 경도 감소 및 균열 증가 경향이 나타나 기계적 특성 저하 가능성이 확인되었다. 컬러링 침투 깊이는 색 안정성 향상에는 영향을 미치고, 과도한 침투는 기계적 특성에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 최적 컬러링 조건이 심미성과 내구성을 향상 시키는데 중요한 요소임을 의미한다.

This study evaluated the effect of coloring liquid infiltration depth on the color stability and mechanical properties of zirconia. Specimens were divided into untreated, 1 min, 5 min, and 10 min groups, and elemental distribution was analyzed by EDS while microstructure was observed by SEM. Color change (ΔE*ab), Vickers hardness, and crack behavior were also evaluated. As coloring time increased, infiltration depth and distribution uniformity increased, resulting in improved color stability. However, the 10 min group showed decreased hardness and increased crack propagation, indicating potential deterioration in mechanical properties. These results suggest that optimal coloring conditions are required to balance esthetics and durability.

FDM 3D Printer is used in maker space for mass production by the maker. Makers desire to manufacture products in a variety of colors using ABS Filaments. The purpose of this study is to identify the relation between the color of resin and each position on the bed. So, when printed using the 3D Printer, we found out the difference in the colors that it appears depending on the position of the bed. To see the difference in color, basic, blue, yellow, white, and black were selected and the bed plate was divided into three sections. Specimens were measured to obtain delta E values between each sections by the chromatic differential system. Obtained delta values were analyzed by the NBS system. As a result, the delta E value of black was found to correspond to “Appreciable”. In most cases, delta E values between the middle and the outer or the inner and the outer was greater than values between the middle and the inner. Using Infrared Thermal Camera, We found that the color difference relates 3D printing positions and temperatures. As a result, the 3D printing bed positions should be considered when 3D printing mass production.

문화유산의 현색(顯色)은 제작기법 해석, 보존처리 활용, 상태 모니터링의 중요한 기초 자료이다. 이 연구에서는 권응수 초상을 대상으로 디지털 색관리시스템 기반 색재현 과정을 체계적으로 정립하고, 문화유산 기록 및 보존에 적합한 현색 활용방안을 제안하였다. 전체적인 색재현 과정은 촬영 환경 세팅, 색기준차트 측정, 디지털 사진 촬영, 색보정, 색공간 설정 순으 로 진행되었다. 연구 결과, 사진기 제조사 프로파일이 적용된 디지털 이미지는 현색과 비교하여 평균 Δ10.1의 색차를 보인 반면, 디지털 색재현 이미지는 평균 Δ1.1의 색차를 보여 현색과 거의 유사한 것을 알 수 있다. 이 결과는 디지털 사진 촬영 환경과 조건을 최적화했더라도 디지 털 사진기 제조사의 보정 알고리즘에 의존할 경우 대상 문화유산의 현색 기록에 어려움이 있는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 문화유산은 RAW 이미지 기반의 색보정 및 색공간 설정을 통해 디지털 색재현이 필요하며, 이는 현색 기록화를 위해 매우 중요한 과정이다. 또한 디지털 색재현을 통한 현색 기록은 문화유산의 보존상태 평가와 보존처리 및 복원의 중요한 기초자료가 될 수 있으며, 퇴색 및 변색 현상의 모니터링을 위한 기준 데이터로 활용성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

The color appearance of cultural heritage are essential factors for manufacturing technique interpretation, conservation treatment usage, and condition monitoring. Therefore, this study systematically established color reproduction procedures based on the digital color management system for the portrait of Gwon Eungsu. Moreover, various application strategies for recording and conserving the cultural heritage were proposed. Overall color reproduction processes were conducted in the following order: photography condition setting, standard color measurements, digital photography, color correction, and color space creation. Therefore, compared with the color appearance, the digital image applied to a camera maker profile indicated an average color difference of Δ10.1. However, the digital reproduction result based on the color management system exhibits an average color difference of Δ1.1, which is close to the color appearance. This means that although digital photography conditions are optimized, recording the color appearance is difficult when relying on the correction algorithm developed by the camera maker. Therefore, the digital color reproduction of cultural heritage is required through color correction and color space creation based on the raw digital image, which is a crucial process for documenting the color appearance. Additionally, the recording of color appearance through digital color reproduction is important for condition evaluation, conservation treatment, and restoration of cultural heritage. Furthermore, standard data of imaging analysis are available for discoloration monitoring.

아세트알데하이드가 직물에 미치는 손상여부, 손상정도는 다른 재질에 비해 명확하지 않다. 본 연구는 견, 면, 모시, 삼베의 무염색, 천연염색시편을 대상으로 아세트알데하이드 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 ppm 농도에서의 손상, 손상농도에서 온 ․ 습도 조건에 따른 손상 가중, 손상농도에서 열화직물시편의 손상을 광학적, 화학적, 물리적 측정방법 으로 평가하였다. 이 결과, 아세트알데하이드 농도 1000 ppm/day에서 면_황색시편의 색차가 증가하였고, 고습조건(25 ℃, 80%), 고온조건(30℃, 50%), 고온 ․ 고습조건(30℃, 80%)에서 황색시편들의 색차 증가와 변퇴색등급 감소가 뚜렷 하였으며, 고온 ․ 고습조건(30℃, 80%)에서 면_무염색시편의 아세트산이온 농도 증가, 견_무염색시편의 pH 감소가 나타났다. 열화직물의 경우, 흑색시편들의 아세트산이온 농도가 증가하였다. 이를 통해 아세트알데하이드가 전통직물 에 미치는 손상은 크지 않으나 황색직물의 탈색과 열화된 흑색직물의 아세트산이온 농도 증가가 예상된다 .

Textiles damage caused by acetaldehyde(CH3CHO) is not clear as compared to other materials. Total 20 specimens were prepared using 4 different materials (silk, cotton, ramie, hemp) after dyed with 4 colors (undyed, red, yellow, blue, black). The specimens were exposed to CH3CHO gas in the test chamber. First, textile specimens' damage by differert concentration of acetaldehyde(0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 500, 1000 ppm) was tested. Second, accelerared damage to the textile specimens were tested according to the temperature and humidity conditions at the damage levels. Third, damage of deliberately degraded textile specimens were examined at the damage levels. After the exposure, optical, chemical, and physical evaluation was carried out. As a result, at 1000 ppm/day, the color difference of cotton_yellow has increased. At the condition of 25℃-80%, 30℃-50%, 30℃-80%, the color difference of yellow specimens has increased and grey scale rating has decreased. At 30℃-80%, acetate of cotton_undyed increased and the pH of silk_undyed decreased. In the case of deliberately degraded textile specimens, actetate concentration of black specimens increased. In conclusion, damage to the traditional fabric by acetaldehyde is not impact. However, it is expected that yellow specimens will be bleach and black specimens' actetate concentration will be increase.

포름알데히드는 전시․수장 공간에서 농도와 발생빈도가 높아 전통직물(천연염색)에 대한 손상 개연성이 있다. 본 연구는 견, 면, 모시, 삼베의 무염색, 천연염색(적색, 황색, 청색, 흑색) 시편을 대상으로 포름알데히드 0.5, 1, 10, 100, 500 ppm 농도에서의 손상, 손상농도 500 ppm에서 온습도 조건에 따른 손상과 열화상태에서의 손상을 광학적, 화학적, 물리적 측정방법으로 평가하였다. 이 결과, 포름알데히드 농도 500 ppm에서 일부 직물의 색차, 변퇴색등급, 포름산이온 농도, pH가 변화하였으며, 고온․고습조건(30℃, 80%), 고습조건(25℃, 80%)에서는 색차, 변퇴색등급, 포름산이온 농도가 2배 가중되었다. 그러나, 열화직물은 열화정도, 열화 생성물질로 인해 포름알데히드에 의한 손상변화가 미미하였다. 이를 통해 포름알데히드에 의한 전통직물의 손상, 손상농도, 손상가중 조건, 열화상태에서의 손상을 확인하였으며, 포름알데히드는 적색직물의 황변, 열화직물의 황변 탈색, 포름산은 전체직물의 탈색에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Formaldehyde(HCHO) may have a damage effect on Korean traditional textiles, because concentration is high and occurrence frequency is frequent at the exhibition room and storage area. Total 20 specimens were prepared using 4 different materials (silk, cotton, ramie, hemp) after dyeing with 5 colors (undyed, red, yellow, blue, black). The specimens were exposed to HCHO gas in the test chamber. The gas acceleration test was conducted to identify the deterioration of Korean traditional textiles according to HCHO concentration(0.5, 1, 10, 100, 500 ppm), to temperature-humidity condition at HCHO 500 ppm, and deterioration conditions at HCHO 500 ppm. Optical, chemical, and physical evaluation was carried out after the exposure. The results, color difference, grey scale rating, formate(HCO2-) of some textiles increased at 500 ppm, while pH decreased at 500 ppm. Also, color difference, grey scale rating, formate(HCO2-) of some textiles increased double damage at high temperatures & humidity, high humidity condition. But, damages of accelerated degradation textiles were slight, because of degradation degree and degradation products. The results suggest that determined the damage to the korean traditional textile, damage level, damage-weighted condition, damage to accelerated degradation textiles. In addition, formaldehyde damaged to yellowing of red textiles, bleaching of accelerated degradation textiles, formic acid damaged to bleaching of total 20 specimens.

이산화질소(NO2) 농도에 따른 전통직물의 손상특성을 정량적으로 확인하고자 가스 열화실험을 수행하였다. 견, 면, 모시, 삼베의 무염색직물 시편, 천연염색(적색, 황색, 청색, 흑색)직물 시편을 온도 20℃, 습도 50%, 환기횟수 1/hr 조건의 가스부식시험기 챔버 내에서 NO2 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 ppm 농도로 각각 1일 노출한 후 광학적, 화학적, 물리적 측정방법으로 손상도를 평가하였다. 이 결과, 전통직물은 NO2 1 ppm/day에서 색차 증가, 변퇴색등급 저하가 나타났고, 10 ppm/day에서 질산이온(NO3-) 농도 증가, pH 감소, 카르보닐기 및 C-NO2 작용기 증가가 나타났으며, 100 ppm/day에서 인장강도 감소가 나타났다. 또한 무염색직물에서는 견, 삼베의 색차 증가, 삼베의 NO3- 증가 및 인장강도 감소가 크게 나타났고, 염색직물에서는 청색, 황색직물의 색차 증가, 황색직물의 NO3- 증가, 삼베, 모시의 인장강도 감소가 크게 나타났다. 이를 통해 NO2에 의한 전통직물의 광학적, 화학적, 물리적 손상농도는 각각 1 ppm/day, 10 ppm/day, 100 ppm/day임을 도출하였다.

The gas acceleration test was conducted to identify the deterioration of Korean traditional textiles caused by NO2. Total 20 specimens were prepared using 4 different materials (silk, cotton, ramie, hemp) after dyeing with 5 colors (undyed, red, yellow, blue, black). The specimens were exposed to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm NO2 gas in the test chamber at 20℃, 50% RH for 1 day. Optical, chemical, and physical evaluation was carried out after the exposure. In the case of Korean traditional textile, color difference increased at 1 ppm/day, NO3- concentration, carbonyl and C-NO2 functional group increased while pH decreased at 10 ppm/day and tensile strength weakened at 100 ppm/day. when it comes to undyed textile, alteration of color difference on silk and hemp cloth, NO3- concentration and tensile strength on hemp cloth was remarkable. In addition, color difference on blue and yellow textile, NO3- concentration increase of yellow textile and tensile strength decrease of hemp cloth & ramie cloth were significant. The results suggest that critical NO2 concentration of optical, chemical, and physical damage on Korean traditional textiles are 1ppm/day, 10 ppm/day, 100 ppm/day respectively.

본 연구는 라미네이팅 공정으로 인해 옥외 대형 출력물에서 발생하는 색 변화(ΔE)를 정량적으로 분석하고, 색 재현의 일관성을 향상시키기 위한 실질적인 색 보정 방법을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 라미네이팅은 출력물의 내구성과 시각적 품질을 향상시 키는 공정이지만, 필름의 광학적 특성으로 인해 색 왜곡이 발생할 수 있으며, 이는 대 형 옥외 광고물의 품질 관리에 중요한 문제로 작용한다. 이를 위해 세 가지 인쇄용 피인쇄체(그레이 합성지, 포토 용지, 블록아웃 용지)와 네 가지 라미네이팅 필름(실내용 무광, 옥외용 무광, 세미무광, 유광)을 조합하여 실험을 수행하였다. 라미네이팅 전·후의 색 변화는 CIEL*a*b* 색공간을 기반으로 측정하였으며, CIEDE2000(ΔE* 00) 색차 공식을 이용해 정량화하였다. 연구 결과, 색 변화의 정도는 라미네이팅 필름 종류에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였으 며, 일부 조합에서는 ΔE* 00 값이 5를 초과하는 경우도 확인되었다. 유광 필름은 명도와 채도를 증가시키는 경향을 보였고, 무광 필름은 이를 감소시키는 특성을 나타냈으며, 세미무광 필름은 중간적인 경향을 보였다. 또한 라미네이팅 이후의 ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* 값을 기반으로 색 보정을 적용한 결과, 중간 톤 및 고채도 영역에서 ΔE* 00 값이 육안 인지 한계 이하로 감소하여 색 왜곡이 효과적으로 완화됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 라미네이팅 공정이 대형 출력물의 색 재현과 톤 안정성에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 분석하고, 색 일관성 향상을 위한 실질적인 보정 가능성을 실험적으로 검증 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study quantitatively analyzes color shifts(ΔE) caused by lamination processes in outdoor large-format prints and proposes a practical color correction method to improve color consistency. Although lamination is widely applied to enhance durability and visual quality, its optical characteristics can induce color distortions, presenting a significant quality management issue in outdoor advertising applications. Experiments were conducted using three common print substrates (gray synthetic PP paper, photo paper, and blockout paper) combined with four lamination films (indoor matte, outdoor matte, semi-matte, and gloss). Color differences before and after lamination were measured in the CIEL*a*b* color space and evaluated using the CIEDE2000(ΔE* 00) formula. The results showed that the magnitude of color shift varied significantly depending on the lamination film type, with ΔE* 00 values exceeding 5 in certain combinations. Gloss films generally increased brightness and saturation, while matte films reduced both, and semi-matte films exhibited intermediate behavior. When color correction based on post-lamination ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb* values was applied, ΔE* 00 values were substantially reduced in midtone and high-saturation regions, frequently falling below the visually perceptible threshold. This study systematically demonstrates the impact of lamination on color reproduction and tone stability in large-format printing and experimentally verifies an effective correction approach for improving color consistency. The findings provide a useful foundation for future development of automated color correction, ICC profile optimization, and integrated print–postprocessing color management systems.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FFF), is the most widely used type of 3D printing at the consumer level. The FDM 3D printer extracts thermoplastic filaments such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and Polyactive Acid (PLA) through heated nozzles to dissolve the material. It works by applying layers of plastic to build platforms. Various demands for 3D printers increased, and among these demands, there was also a demand for various filament colors. ABS, one of the main filamentous materials for 3D printers, is easy to color in a variety of colors and has been studied to meet the needs of these users. Through quantitative measurements in this work, we confirm that color differences remain depending on the difference in placement on the 3D printer bad. In addition, the temperature of the specimen was measured at the start of 3D printing, during manufacturing, and at the completion of manufacturing, and the inner and central sides remained similar, but the outer sides were 5 degrees lower. These temperature differences accumulate as layers pile up, resulting in differences in weight or color, which in turn meet consumer and producer needs in the 3D printer industry.

The goal of esthetic restoration is to achieve morphologic, optical, and biologic acceptance. Creation of a natural looking ceramic restoration, which blends harmoniously with surrounding dentition, is not always achieved. A successful color match is an important aspect of any esthetic dental restoration. Since natural enamel has inherent translucency, it is important that ceramic restorations reproduce the translucency and color of the natural teeth. However, the final color match of porcelain crowns to adjacent natural dentition remains some problem. Difficulties related to color matching arise from the structural differences that exist between metal ceramic crowns and natural teeth, the limited range of available ceramic shades, inadequate shade guides, different types of metal alloys, repeated firing, the condensation technique, and varying compositions of ceramic materials. Many factors contribute to the esthetic success of dental restoration: optical properties such as color and its elements of hue, value, and chroma; translucency and opacity; light transmission and scattering; and metamerism and fluorescence. The purpose of this study was to determine the color changes of metal-ceramic system with different veneering porcelain powder after repeated firing. The objectives of this in vitro study were to measure the lightness(L*), chromaticity(a*), chromaticity(b*), chroma(C*), hue(h), reflectance(%), color difference( E). The following conclusions were obtained: 1. An increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease in lightness(L*) but increase in chromacticity(a*) with all porcelain. After the second sintering resulted in decrease in chromacticity(b*) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain but in increase with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. And after the second sintering resulted in decrease in chroma(C*) with opaque-dentin porcelain and dentin porcelain, but on the whole side in decrease with enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain. 2. After the second firing, a increase in the number of firings resulted in decrease reflectance(%) in all wavelength. 3. There were noticeable color differences( E) between first sintering and multiple firings(dentin porcelain: 5.29 ~ 8.15, opaque-dentin porcelain: 4.83~8.2, enamel porcelain: 8.93~13.15, translucency porcelain: 9.37~12.91), but the color difference( E) after second sintering were down to 4.87 in all porcelain. 4. Given the NBS Criteria, a ‘'trace’' was not found this study but a ‘'slight’' was found 2-3, 3-5 in dentin porcelain, 2-3 in opaque-dentin porcelain, 3-5, 5-10 in enamel porcelain and translucency porcelain, a ‘'noticeable’' was 2-5, 3-10, 5-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 2-3, 2-5, 3-10 in enamel porcelain 2-3, 3-10 in translucency porcelain, an ‘'appreciable’' was 1-2, 1-3, 2-10 in dentin porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 2-10, 3-10 in opaquedentin porcelain, 2-10 in enamel porcelain, 2-5, 2-10 in ranslucency porcelain, a ‘'much’' was 1-5, 1-10 in dentin porcelain and opaque-dentin porcelain, 1-2, 1-3, 1-5 in enamel porcelain 1-2, 1-3, 1-5, 1-10 in translucency porcelain, a ‘'very much’' was 1-10 in enamel porcelain.

The extraction rate of ginger from Korean-grown ginger root with supercritical carbon dioxide was measured as a function of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide, particle size, temperature and pressure. the extraction rate increased as the particle size decreased due to a decrease in the diffusion path. The extraction rate were independent of flow rate of supercritical carbon dioxide in a plot of ginger oil yield versus extraction time. This indicated that the extraction process is controlled by intraparticle diffusion within a particle of ginger root. In the case of temperature and pressure effect, the experimental results showed that the extraction rate decreased with an increase in temperature and increased with an increase in pressure.

본 연구에서는 기상요소와 대기오염물질이 시정에 미치는 영향과 HSI색차법을 이용하여 시정을 산정하는 방법을 검 토하고자 하였다. 안양 지역에서 직접 목측을 실시하고, 서울, 인천, 수원의 자료와 비교 하였다. 이를 통해 안양지역의 시 정상태를 파악하여 시정과 기상인자 및 대기오염물질과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 관측자료와 상호연계성 분석 을 통해 PM10과 상대습도가 시정에 중요한 결정인자라는 것을 알게 되었다. HSI 색성분에 대한 각각의 색차를 계산하기 위하여 색상, 채도, 명도를 이용한 색차법을 사용하였으며 HSI 색차법에 의해 산정된 시정값과 목측시정을 비교하였다. HSI를 이용한 색차 분석으로 시정값을 산정하여 비교해본 결과, 목측값과 동일한 양상으로 움직이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 영상관측을 기반으로 한 HSI 색차법에 의한 시정 산정이 매우 유의함을 알 수 있었다.

In this research, I studied how the meteorological elements and air contaminants affect the visibility and how to calculate it using the HSI color difference method. I measured the visibility wih my own eyes in Anyang, and compared the results with the data collected in Seoul, Incheon and Suwon. By doing so, I tried to understand where the visibility of Anyang stands and how the visibility (of Anyang) is related to the meteorological elements and air contaminants. Through the observed information and the interrelation analysis, I found that PM10 and humidity has a great effect on visibility impairment. (Through Light Extinction Constant and computed formula) The method I took to calculate the color difference for each of HSI color components is a system color difference using hue, saturation and intensity. After the comparison analysis between the estimated visibility value and the visually measured value, I discovered both values agreed with each other. Therefore, I come to a conclusion that HSI color difference is very useful and accurate to compute visibility.

Purpose: The aim of study was to compare the dimensional stability of digitized dental stone replica using different color of gypsum materials using a white light scanner with three- dimensional software. Methods: A master model(500B-1, Nissin dental product, Japan) with the prepared lower full arch tooth was used. Several type stones(white, yellow, green) were used for 30 stone casts(10 casts each) duplicated a master model of mandible. The master model and the replicas were digitized with the non -contacting white light scanner to create 3-dimensional digital models. The linear distance between the reference points were measured and analyzed on the Delcam Copycad (Delcam plc, UK) 3D graphic software. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test were used to analysis the data( =0.05). Results: There were considerable differences in mean values between gypsum materials within each color(white, yellow, green), and this difference was statistically significant, p=0.001. Conclusion: Digitization of dental materials on optical scanner was affected by color. Three different color of gypsum materials showed clinically acceptable accuracies of full arch digital model produced by them. Besides, these results will have to be confirmed in further clinical studies.

Purpose: The color of dental zirconia is very important in terms of aesthetics. To reproduce the color tone, a colorant is applied to zirconia to express the color tone. I would like to point out that the color, brightness, and saturation of the colorant used to express the color A3 may vary depending on the manufacturer. Methods: Each zirconia block received a total of 25 circular specimens for the experiment. The zirconia specimen was then deposited by colorant type to reproduce the color tone. Color differences and translucency were measured using a spectrophotometer. To compare and analyze the zirconia color according to the type of colorant, one-way ANOVA was used. Results: For each type of zirconia colorant, there was no statistically significant difference in translucency or b* (p>0.05). There was a statistical difference in L* and a* (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ΔE*ab (D65) value is less than 5.5 or less, and the color difference is within an acceptable range.

The study subjects was intended to test the greater effect that a combination of legs meridian massage and applied color DNA-pro on the foot main meridian points provided at the same time had on reducing calf size and the edema of the lower body than the legs meridian massage alone. For this purpose, 18 career women in their 20s and 30s who understand the purpose of the study and agree to participate in the test, working in the same working environment for more than 8 hours a day, were selected as the subject for this study to be recorded and measured in the volumeter filled with a given quantity. 9 persons the overflown water of whose right and left legs was more than 2,000 ml was selected as the experimental group, who was provided with the total 30 minutes of Holistic Meridian practice composed of massage on the foot color DNA-pro for 10 minutes, massage on the back of the leg and the front of the leg twice a week. The experimental group was provided with 12 rounds of massage for 6 weeks. The control group was provided with 12 rounds of the same Meridian practice as the experimental group for 6 weeks. As a result, the control group had a slight decrease of calves size and edema. The experimental group showed reducing calves size and edema more than control group. Therefore, this study found that Holistic Meridian massage and color DNA induces a beneficial effect on the body physiologically and reduces calves size and edema. It means that a more continuous color DNA management seems to affect improvement in skin and the constant studies on the development and the us of objective and quantitative equipments are required to examine mechanism between body meridian points and colors.

A recent economic slump has result in such an intense shortage of jobs that some have taken to referring the present day as the "Employment Ice Age." For this reason, the need for effective job-seeking guidance for prospective graduates is coming into sharper relief. In this sense, instruction aimed at helping job-seeking prospective graduates improve their interviewing capabilities through various programs is a matter of crucial importance. The purpose of this study was to devise and provide an educational program combining various image-related elements for applicants preparing for employment and to examine the degree of satisfaction and implementation among them, with an eye toward highlighting the importance of imagemaking. To improve job interview capabilities, instructional programs were developed in four areas and carried out for 24 hours over a four-week period on eight male students. The instruction took place over four weeks beginning in August 2011, with two three-hour sessions conducted each week. The study found that satisfaction and implementation were very high in many areas. This suggests that prospective interviewees should be instructed in techniques for gaining employment at their desired workplace by actively working to overcome the job shortage through a suitable and diverse range of employment interview instruction methods.

본 연구는 대학생들의 우울, 불안수준에 따라 색채에 반응하는 차이를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 광주·전남 지역 대학생들을 총 250부의 우울ㆍ불안 검사와 색채선호도 조사 설문지를 배부하였으며 응답이 누락되거나 불성실한 응답으로 간주되는 설문지 7부를 제외한 243부를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 통계처리는 SPSS WIN 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였고, 연구의 문제를 해결하기 위해 빈도분석(Frequency Analysis), t-test, Scheffe의 다중범위 검정(Scheffe's multiple range test), 카이스케어 검정(χ₂), 신뢰도 계수를 통해 검정하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 우울·불안과 색채선호도의 차이에 대한 결과로 우울이 높은 집단에서는 ‘무채색’, ‘한색’ 순으로 선호도가 높았고, 우울이 낮은 집단에서는 ‘난색’, ‘중성색’ 순으로 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 불안이 높은 집단이 선호하는 색에서는 ‘난색’이 가장 높았고, 불안이 낮은 집단이 선호하는 색에서는 ‘한색’이 가장 높았다. 둘째, 우울과 불안이 모두 높은 집단은 ‘한색’이 가장 높았고, 우울이 높고 불안이 낮은 집단에서는 ‘무채색’이 가장 높았다. 우울이 낮고 불안이 높은 집단은 ‘난색’이, 우울과 불안 모두 낮은 집단은 ‘중성색’이 가장 높게 나타났다. 연구결과 대학생들의 우울⋅불안수준에 따라 색채선호에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study is to examine how college students’ different preference of color is linked to their depression or anxiety level. The subjects of this study were 250 collage students who were living in Gwangju and Jounnam area. The depression test and anxiety test, as well as a color preference questionnaire, were given to the participants. As a result, 243 of samples out of 250 were selected. 7 samples were excluded because their answers were considered to be omitted or untrustworthy. The statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS WIN 18.0 program, and the frequency analysis, T-test, Scheffe's multiple range test, chi-square test, and Cronbach's alpha coeffient was employed to solve the research problems. The results of this study were as follows: First, the results of the analysis of difference between the collage students' depression⋅anxiety and color preference showed that the high-depression group preferred 'achromatic colors' followed by 'cold color'. The high-anxiety group preferred 'warm colors', and low-anxiety group preferred 'cold color'. Second, The group with a high tendency toward depression and anxiety preferred 'cold color', the group with high-depression and low-anxiety preferred 'achromatic colors', the group with low-depression and high-anxiety preferred 'warm colors', and the group with low-depression and low-anxiety disclosed 'neutral colors'. Thus, the results showed that there is significant color preference of college students depending on their depression and anxiety level.

본 논문에서는 이미지 데이터를 압축하는 여러 방식 중에 YUV색 공간을 이용하여 중요도에 따라 색상 비트를 줄이는 압축 알고리즘을 제안한다. 4:2:2 서브샘플링은 영상 분야에서 표준으로 사용되고 있다. 색 정보와 사람의 망막 이 가지는 특성을 이용하여 4:2:2 서브 샘플링으로 YUV의 색상 데이터를 줄였다. YUV와 RGB는 다음과 같은 변환 행 렬을 통해 서로의 색영역으로 변환하여 사용할 수 있다. 이미지 데이터를 YUV로 색 공간으로 변환하여 상대적으로 낮 은 U , V 비트를 다운 스케일작업을 수행 한 후 수행한 후 4:2:2 서브 샘플링을 통하여 데이터를 압축한다. 기존의 방식 들과의 비교를 통하여 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 비교하고 분석한다. 분석한 결과 중요도가 낮은 색상 요소의 정보를 줄인 결과와 원본과 비교했을 때 품질의 큰 저하 없이 이미지를 압축 할 수 있었다.

In this paper, we propose a compression algorithm that reduces color bits according to importance by using YUV color space among various methods of compressing image data. 4: 2: 2 subsampling is the standard in the field of video. By using the color information and the characteristics of the human retina, YUV color data was reduced by 4: 2: 2 subsampling. YUV and RGB can be converted to each other by using the following transformation matrix. The image data is converted into color space by YUV, and the relatively low U and V bits are subjected to the downscaling operation, and then the data is compressed through 4: 2: 2 subsampling. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared and analyzed through comparison with existing methods. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to compress the image without reducing the information of the low importance color element and without a significant deterioration in the quality compared with the original.

본 논문은 영상에서 실시간으로 움직임 물체와 물체의 위치를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 첫째로 영상으로부터 2개의 연속된 프레임차분을 통해 움직이는 물체를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 만약 두 프레임이 캡쳐되는 사이의 간격이 길다면, 실제 움직이는 물체의꼬리 같은 거짓 움직임 물체를 생성한다. 두번째로 본 논문은 도플러 효과와 HSV 색상 모델을 사용하여 이 문제들을 해결하는 방법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 물체의 분할과 위치 설정은 상기의 단계에서 얻은 결과가 조합되어 완료된다. 제안된 방법은 99.2%의 검출율을 갖고, 과거에 제안된 다른 비슷한 방법들 보다는 비교적 빠른 속도를 갖는다. 알고리즘의 복잡성은 시스템의 속도에 직접적인영향을 끼치기 때문에, 제안된 방법은 낮은 복잡성을 가져 실시간 움직임 검출을 위해 사용 될 수 있다.

This paper propose a method to detect moving object and locating in real time from video sequence. first the proposedmethod extract moving object by differencing two consecutive frames from the video sequence. If the interval betweencaptured two frames is long, it cause to generate fake moving object as tail of the real moving object. secondly this paperproposed method to overcome this problem by using doppler effects and HSV color model. finally the object segmentationand locating is done by combining the result that obtained from steps above. The proposed method has 99.2% of detectionrate in practical and also this method is comparatively speed than other similar methods those proposed in past. Since thecomplexity of the algorithm is directly affects to the speed of the system, the proposed method can be used as lowcomplexity algorithm for real time moving object detection.

This paper proposes an efficient two stage demosaicing method to interpolate color filter array images. The proposed method based on the edge sensing technique improves the interpolation performance by adopting the color difference model for a green channel as well as a red/blue channel. In particular, the green channel interpolation method with a new concept includes the gradient operator, which uses the total amount of slope changes in adjacent color information, and the missing green color estimation, which uses Approximated Directional Line Averages. Comparing with various comparative experiments between the conventional results and the proposed ones, the performances of the proposed method in this paper outperform to existing algorithms in terms of visual performance both in numerical and visual aspects. Our method of demosaicing improves the standard performance by8.927dB on the average in comparison of other methods in MSE(Mean square Error).