Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 융복합 환경에서 기업의 협업프로세스와 역량이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위 함이다. 이를 위해 기존 연구를 분석하여 가설을 세우고 PLS를 사용하여 실증 분석하였다. 5개 기업(한국 4개, 미국 1개)의 162명을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 기업의 협업프로세스는 학습역량과 생산역량을 통하여 기업의 혁신성과에 유 의적인 영향을 미치는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 기업 내부의 협업프로세스와 혁신성과 간의 관계에서 학습역량 과 생산역량이 매개 역할을 수행하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 협업프로세스가 각 이해관계자들이 공동의 목표를 달 성하기 위한 정보공유, 커뮤니케이션과 같은 활동이 이루어지는 루틴이라 정의할 때, 학습역량과 생산역량을 거쳐 기업의 혁신성과를 높일 수 있다는 점은 의미 있는 결과라고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study to understand collaborative process and the capabilities of the firm impact on innovation performance in convergence environment. To achieve the purpose, research model was empirically tested with a survey from 162 employees from 4 Korea manufacturing companies and 1 USA company. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). As a result, collaboration process, learning capability and operation capability have significant and positive impact on innovation performance. It is a meaningful result that the collaboration process improve the innovation performance of firms through the operation capability and the learning capability.

When individuals collaborate in virtual settings, communication is mediated through a variety of communication technologies, and is associated not only with communication effectiveness but also with socio-emotional interactions among group members. In this regards, scholars have examined how technology-mediated communication systems can be designed and used to facilitate communication interaction. However, the empirical results of the previous studies have revealed inconsistencies in the effects of communication media on users’ behavioral or attitudinal responses, and on their viable effectiveness in organizations. Some studies claim that computer-mediated communication (CMC) is task-oriented but not suitable for emotional expression since it hinders close interpersonal interaction. On the other hand, some studies argue that individuals are able to develop interpersonal relationships more effectively in a CMC environment than in an FtF environment. Due to the different perspectives, a theoretical gap exists, and it leads to the inconsistent research findings. The purpose of this paper is to combine the two different perspectives into a single unified model, thereby providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding about virtual collaboration. The present study here sought to answers the following questions with organizational communication perspective: What are the major components of virtual collaboration? What factors affect the performance of virtual collaboration? And what kind of managerial efforts should organization make in order to facilitate CMC media effectiveness in virtual collaboration? Although there is a certain belief that new media, namely technology-mediated communication support would create new opportunities, the problem of “how” or “why” has been an important question that is still not fully addressed. In this regards, we collectively reexamined previous literatures with major issues which are still controversial and integrated various theoretical activity within computer-mediated communication domain: task-oriented approach, socio-emotional approach, and evolutionary psychological approach. Our first contribution is to develop a framework for virtual collaboration by combining two different perspectives into a single unified model, providing a more realistic and comprehensive understanding. The second main contribution is the joint modeling of both social presence and cognitive effort, and the effects on two distinct but important communication outcomes (i.e., task performance and relational development). We tested the research hypotheses which were developed based on the various CMC theories using data gathered through a self-administered mail survey of 127 individuals of 69 virtual workgroups. The proposed model was supported, providing preliminary evidence that the tension between two opposite view should be integrated. The results show that the individual’s psychological processes (social presence and cognitive effort) in a virtual environment significantly mediated the effect of CMC inputs (media richness, user adaptation, and shared context) on the CMC outputs (task performance and relational development). Furthermore, this study shows that the lack of perceived media richness of CMC media can be complemented by user adaptation and shared context. Based on the results, we discuss how communication system should be designed and implemented so as to promote virtual interaction as well as how a virtual workgroup should be composed to complement the lack of media richness. A virtual collaboration using CMC media may create new value by overcoming the logistical constraints. On the other hand, it may also generate various managerial risks such as communicational depersonalization, process dissatisfaction, and low cohesion. Therefore, this study suggests that organization managers should carefully choose the CMC mediums and monitor individual member’s cognitive and affective psychological processes during virtual collaboration to reduce potential risks in virtual collaboration.

본 연구는 인공지능(AI)과 인간의 협업이 창의성 발현에 미치는 영향을 이론적, 그리고 사례적으로 분석하였다. Amabile(1996)의 창의성 구성 요소 이론, Rhodes(1961)의 4P 모델, Csikszentmihalyi(1999)의 시스템 모델을 분석 틀로 삼아, GPT 기반 공동 창작 및 AI 보조 디자인 플랫폼 사례를 각 이론에 대입하여 검토하였다. 분석결과, 인간-AI 협업은 도메인 기술 보완 및 창의적 과정 확장 측면에서 창의성 증진에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 창의성의 주체성과 판단 기준이 인간 중심에서 시스템 중심으로 부분적으로 이동하는 경향도 확인되었으며, 이는 창의적 자율성의 약화 가능성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 조직 내 AI 도입 및 창의적 업무 환경 설계에 있어 인간 주체성을 보존하는 전략적 접근이 필요함을 제언한다.

This study aims to analyze the influence of collaboration between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and humans on the manifestation of creativity. The analysis was conducted primarily through real-world case studies, employing Amabile's Componential Theory of Creativity (1996), the 4P Model of Creativity (Rhodes, 1961), and the Systems Model (Csikszentmihalyi, 1999) as the theoretical frameworks. First, using Amabile’s theory, the research examined how the three components—domain-relevant skills, creative-thinking skills, and intrinsic motivation—operate within AI-human collaboration. Furthermore, from the perspective of the 4P Model, it analyzed the interactions among the four elements—creative Person, Process, Product, and Press—in the context of collaboration with AI. By applying diverse real-world cases, such as GPT-based co-creation and AI-assisted design platforms, to this theoretical framework, the research confirmed that the interaction between AI and humans can positively contribute to enhancing creativity. Concurrently, the discussion addressed the partial shift of creative agency and the criteria for judgment from the human individual toward the technological system. This comprehensive analysis offers significant implications for the future introduction of AI in creative industries and educational settings.

대부분의 소프트웨어 개발은 프로젝트 참여자들의 하드 스킬 능력 중심으로 판단되고 관리되고 운영된다. 그러나 현재의 소프트웨어 개발의 실패율은 매우 높다. 심리학의 발전으로 인간에 대한 탐험이 계속되면서 성격유형의 선호도가 업무의 선호도와도 연관이 있다는 연구가 활발히 이루어졌다. 심리유형론의 검사도구인 MBTI의 선호도는 ICT기술자들의 소프트웨어 개발주기에 맞춰진 업무의 선호도와 상관이 있음을 알게 되었다. 심리유형론과 소프트웨어 개발을 위한 소프트 스킬의 연관정보를 활용하면 소프트웨어 개발의 선호 공정을 이해할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 ICT기술자들의 교육과 협업능력 향상 방안을 찾을 수 있도록 소프트웨어 개발 공정을 소프트스킬을 이용하여 성격유형별 분류가 가능하도록 프로그램을 개발하였다.

Most of the software development is determined by the hard skills of project participants and capacity management and operations. However, failure of the current software development is very high. Since the development of the exploration of human psychology continues, the study that there is an association between the preferences of personality and work preference has been actively conducted. It is found out that there is a relationship of preferences in MBTI, the test tool of psychological typology, and those for the work of the ICT engineers tuned to the software development cycle. By using the information on the soft skills associated with software development for the psychological typology, it can be understood the preference of the software development process. In this paper, we develop a program for software development process to allow personality type to be classified with using the soft skills to find ways to improve education and collaboration capabilities of ICT engineers.

본 연구는 패션 산업에 나타난 아트 콜라보레이션 상품기획 프로세스를 분석하고 유형에 따른 특성을 도출하여 패션산업의 아트 콜라보레이션 상품기획 프로세스를 체계화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해문헌 연구를 기반으로 콜라보레이션 프로세스 분석 프레임을 설계하고, 협력 목적에 따른 아트 콜라보레이션사례를 수집하여 단계적 상품기획 프로세스를 분석했다. 분석 결과, 지속가능 디자인 관점의 크리스찬 르부탱과 톨러 마야의 콜라보레이션 사례는 다양한 공예를 유기적으로 결합하는 공예 집약형 상품기획 프로세스였으며, 신진 예술가 인지도 제고 및 차별적 브랜드 아이덴티티 강화를 위해 진행된 디올과 안젤름 라일레의콜라보레이션 사례는 예술가와의 의사소통 밀착형 상품기획 프로세스로 분석되었다. 예술의 문화가치를 내포한 통합적 아이덴티티를 강조한 유니클로 UT와 카우스의 사례, 슈프림과 앤디 워홀의 콜라보레이션 사례는 분리 독립형 상품기획 프로세스로 평가되었다. 종합하면, 패션에 나타난 대표적인 아트 콜라보레이션 사례 유형들은 폐쇄/수평형과 폐쇄/수직형으로 구분되었다. 예술적 가치 확산과 브랜드 아이덴티티의 효율적운영을 위한 폐쇄/수평형 콜라보레이션은 초기 단계에서 예술 장르와 예술 콘텐츠의 범위를 보다 명확히 하고, 디자인 적용 단계에 다양한 관계자 참여와 평가를 통해 효율적 아이덴티티 관리 및 시리즈의 일관성, 상품의 다양성을 추구할 수 있는 보완적 방법으로 나타났다. 폐쇄/수직형 콜라보레이션 유형은 효율적 관리와 경제성을 확보하는 특성을 가졌다. 개방/수평형은 예술가와 패션 기업의 유연한 단계와 범위를 기반으로진행되었으며 결과물의 다양성과 차별성을 추구하는 특성이 있었다. 본 연구 결과는 아트 콜라보레이션 상품기획을 위한 기초 연구로 의미가 있으며, 콜라보레이션 상품기획 프로세스 체계화의 기초자료로 활용될 수있을 것이다.

This study aims to systematically organize the product planning process of art collaboration in the fashion industry by analyzing the art collaboration planning process and analyzing the characteristics of the type. To this end, we designed a collaboration process analysis frame based on literature research, collected art collaboration cases according to the purpose of cooperation, and analyzed the step-by-step product planning process. As a result, Christian Louboutin& Taller Maya's collaboration from a sustainable social design perspective was a craft-intensive product planning process that organically combined various crafts without the same prototyping. To enhance the popularity of new artists and generate differentiated brand identity, Dior & Anselm Reyle's collaboration was evaluated as the design process of close communication with artists. The collaboration of Uniqlo UT&Kaws, as well as Supreme& Andy Warhol, which emphasize the integrated identity of artistic and cultural values, are all evaluated as separate and standalone product planning process. Altogether, we categorized the general art collaboration types in fashion into closed/flat and closed/ hierarchical types. The closed/flat collaboration for the spread of artistic value and efficient operation of brand identity could complement aspects such as efficient identity management and series consistency, product diversity and story building through the participation and evaluation of stakeholders in the design application phase. The closed/ hierarchical collaboration type had the characteristics of ensuring efficient management and economic feasibility. The open/flat type was conducted based on the flexible stages and scope of artists and fashion companies and had the characteristics of pursuing diversity and differentiation of the products. The results of this study could be a fundamental study for product planning of art collaboration and the systematic process of collaboration planning in the fashion field.

인적오류로 발생하는 화학사고를 예방하고자 첨단 기술을 응용한 화학사고 예방 및 대응 훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 기존에 구축된 파일롯 플랜트(pilot plant)를 바탕으로 가상의 공정을 설계한 후, 화학사고 대응 컨텐츠 를 개발하였다. 컨텐츠 구현을 위하여 파일롯 설비 일부를 개조하여 원격제어기능을 부여하였다. 또한, 가상환경에서 설비를 제어할 수 있는 DCS 프로그램을 개발하였으며, AR과 연동하여 최종적으로 가상의 화학사고를 대응할 수 있는 화학공정 운전원 교육(OTS)을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 훈련자가 직접 장치를 조작해봄으써 운전역량을 쌓을 수 있고, 가상의 화학사고를 대응함으로써 비상시 대처능력을 기를 수 있었다. 본 연구와 같은 차세대 OTS가 화학산업 에 널리 보급된다면 인적오류에 의한 화학사고를 예방하는데 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

In order to prevent chemical accidents caused by human error, a chemical accident prevention and response training program using advanced technology was developed. After designing a virtual process based on the previously built pilot plant, chemical accident response contents were developed. A part of the pilot facility was remodeled for content realization and a remote control function was given. In addition, a DCS program that can control facilities in a virtual environment was developed, and chemical process operator training (OTS) that can finally respond to virtual chemical accidents was developed in conjunction with AR. Through this, trainees can build driving skills by directly operating the device, and by responding to virtual chemical accidents, they can develop emergency response capabilities. If the next-generation OTS like this study is widely distributed in the chemical industry, it is expected to greatly contribute to the prevention of chemical accidents caused by human error.

This study explores how undergraduate translation students collaborate with generative AI in translating advertising texts and examines the educational potential of human-AI creative partnerships. Translation students worked with Microsoft Copilot to translate a UK magazine advertisement, producing AI-assisted drafts. They then reviewed these drafts and, if necessary, made revisions to finalize the translation. The analysis of AI-student interactions revealed several key insights. Students actively improved the translation by adjusting grammar, phrasing, and style, with particular attention to genre-specific features that made the translation more fitting for advertising. Additionally, students gave direct feedback to the AI, showcasing a proactive approach to shaping the translation’s direction. A comparison between AI-generated outputs and the final revisions revealed that most translations involved modifying the AI’s suggestions, underscoring the translators’ creative decision-making and emphasizing the role of human agency in the translation process. These findings highlight the potential of AI as a collaborative tool that encourages creative thinking and strengthens translation skills in educational contexts, while also illustrating the vital role of human creativity and initiative in the translation process.

One of the highly globalized fields such as Marine Industry, shipping operations are hugely dependent on e-collaboration tools that holds potential to provide quick and readily accessible information across ports, organizations and people across nations concerned with industry. Improving operational efficiency is very much dependent on business process transformation by affording better communication and collaboration between the different parties and information technology. This paper focuses on proposing an architectural methodology to overcome the frequently occurring problems in maritime sector by establishing collaboration between the service providers and potential users of the collaboration tool by identifying key processes. The methodology is developed based on empirical studies of Norwegian SW national initiative, MIS project (http :/ / www .sintef.no/Projectweb/ MIS/ )

Many of manufacturing companies faced to globalization make an effort to obtain a competitiveness of speediness, flexibility, collaboration by using the informatization. It has been operated on enabler to drive creation of performance beyond just playing the role of office automation in the enterprise. According to this importance of informatization in enterprise, it also has been studied roundly to analyze its level. So, in this paper we suggest the conceptual methodology to analyze the level of collaboration informatization between manufacturing companies from the viewpoint of performance on the supply chain process. Also we applied it to automobile industry in order to set out the method. It will contribute to a new perspective analyzing the informatization status in the manufacturing industries.

조선 해양 분야와 같이 복잡성이 높은 EPC(engineering, procurement, construction) 기반의 제조 공정시에 는 협업 업체 간 협업 작업용 데이터가 매우 상세한 수준까지 상호 참조됨으로써 유기적인 현장 업무가 실현될 수 있는 방안이 필수적이다. 그러나 기업 별 고유한 SW의 사용과 현장 관리 체계의 복잡성으로 인하여 업체 상호 간 현장의 작업 정보를 포함한 진행 상태가 실시간 수준으로 공유되지 못하고 있어 이로 인하여 공정 지연 및 자원 투입의 비효율 이 초래되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 파일 형태로 존재하는 작업 정보를 협업 형태의 제조 공정에서 적용할 수 있는 중립 데이터 생성 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 알고리즘을 조선 해양 플랜트 배관의 제조 공정에 적용하고 생성 된 중립 데이터를 활용하여 시각화하는 작업 정보 생성용 SW를 개발하고 좌표, 형상 및 치수, BOM의 종류, 개수, spec 값을 비교함으로써 알고리즘의 정확도를 검증하였다. 그 결과 중립 데이터 좌표 정확성은 99%, 중립데이터 형상과 치수 는 100%, BOM Spec. 은 100% 일치함을 확인하였다. 이 연구는 기업의 다양한 정보화 기반 기술로 인한 정보 공유의 제약을 극복하고, 복잡한 제조 공정의 작업화일 정보 공유를 극대화할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In highly complex EPC(engineering, procurement, construction)-based manufacturing processes such as shipbuilding and marine plants, it is essential to prepare a way to enable organic working at the site referring to each other’s detailed working data for collaboration between partner companies. However, companies cannot share the progress of the sites including working information in real-time due to the use of SW unique to each company and the complex site management system. As a result, the construction process is delayed, and resources are used inefficiently. This study developed a neutral data generation algorithm that can apply the working information in various file formats to a collaborative manufacturing process. In addition, this study verified the accuracy of the algorithm by applying the developed algorithm to the manufacturing process of piping in shipbuilding and marine plants, developing the SW for visualization of working information using the generated neutral data, and comparing the coordinate, shape & dimension and the kind, number, and spec. of BOM. The result confirmed that the accuracy of the coordinate of the neutral data was 99%, and that of the shape & dimension of the neutral data and BOM Spec. was both 100%. It is thought that this study can be used for overcoming the restrictions in information sharing due to the development of informatization at companies and maximizing the share of working file information in a complex manufacturing process.

코로나19의 유행은 면대면 상호작용을 중심으로 진행되어온 디자인 협업에 큰 변화를 일으켰다. 디자이너들은 대면 미팅이 어려운 상황에서 화상 회의 및 온라인 문서 도구 등을 적극 활용하게 되었고, 이는 특정 디자인 과정에 서 오히려 비대면 협업이 더 효과적일 수 있다는 경험을 하는 계기가 되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경에서 디자인 과 정 중 어떤 활동에 비대면 협업이 혹은 대면 협업이 더 효과적인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 코로나19 유행 이후에 진행된 사용자 경험 디자인 프로젝트 3건을 회고적 인터뷰 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 디자인 과정, ‘발견, 정의, 개발, 전달’의 세부 활동 중 디자이너들의 긴밀한 의사소통을 통해 창의적 문제 해결이 필요한 부분에는 대면 협업이, 디자이너 각각이 자신만의 공간을 확보하며 작업을 진행할 때는 비대면 협업이 선호되며 더 효과적이라 는 것을 발견하였다. 또한 비대면 협업을 진행하기 위해서 필요한 디자인 도구의 특성에 대해서도 알아보았다. 본 연 구를 통해 발견되고 논의된 내용들은 이후 디자인 과정에 관한 연구에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The epidemic of COVID19 caused a big change in design collaboration, which has been conducting using face-to-face interaction. Designers actively used video conferencing and online document tools in situations where face-to-face meetings were difficult, and this gave them an opportunity to experience that non-face-to-face collaboration can be more effective in a specific design process. In this regard, this study attempted to find out which activities during the design process are more compelling in face-to-face collaboration or non-face-to-face collaboration. To do this, three user experience design projects conducted after the COVID19 epidemic were analyzed through a retrospective interview method. As a result, during four design stages, 'Discover, Define, Develop, Deliver', face-to-face collaboration is necessary for the areas that require creative problem solving through active interaction. In contrast, non-face-to-face collaboration is preferred and more effective when designers need their own space and proceed their design work. In addition, the aspects of design tools supporting non-face-to-face collaboration were also illustrated. Findings discovered through this study are expected to contribute to research on the design process later.

본 연구는 2010년에 C교대 교육연구원과 S초교간의 PDS 협력 프로그램의 운영 내용에 대해 살펴보고, 운영에서의 쟁점을 분석하고 앞으로 협력이 보다 원활하게 이루어지는데 필요한 운영 개선 방안들을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구자들은 국내외 선행 연구를 분석하고, 분석을 위한 준거로 연구자와 교사간의 원활한 의사소통에 따른 상호 신뢰와 유대감 형성, PDS에 대한 체계적인 평가, 참여자들의 탐구지향적인 학습을 설정하였다. 연구자들은 C교대와 S초교의 세가지 협력 프로그램 운영에서 어떤 쟁점이 나타났는지, 프로그램 운영에서 나타난 문제점을 해소하기 위한 방안은 무엇인지 등을 연구 문제로 설정하였다. 세가지 협력 프로그램(“S수업 함께 보고 함께 읽기”, “우리 학교에서의 수업 이해하기”, “단위학교 기반의 PDS 구축을 위한 프로그램”) 운영에 대한 분석을 통해 운영에서의 쟁점이 발생한 원인으로 교사들의 낮은 참여와 연구자-교사간의 의사소통 부족, 교사의 탐구지향적인 학습의 충실성 정도, 우수수업에 대한 관점 검토, PDS에 대한 지속적인 평가 등을 분석하고 논의하였다. 협력의 초기에 PDS에 대해 충분한 오리엔테이션 제공, 연구자의 역할에 대한 융통성있는 조절, 명확한 협력 목표와 계획 설정, 대안적인 교실 수업 개선 실천들의 연대 등을 개선 방안으로 제언하였다.

This is a case study on the issues of university-school collaboration program management. The purpose of this study is to examine development process of school-based PDS(Professional Development Systems) program by developed Educational Research Institute in C-National University of Education. The other purpose of this study is to investigate on the management process of school-based PDS program between C-National University of Education and S-Elementary School. We examined the issues of university-school collaboration program management based upon the analysis of the on earlier researches. There were some issues such as lack of communication between researchers and teachers, teachers' inquiry-oriented learning and systemic evaluation on PDS program. And we discussed critical issues rooted in the development and management process. We also sought out some critical aspects in terms of building better university-school collaboration partnership. In conclusion, we provided some suggestions for better university-school collaboration based on the results of this research.

In order to develop VirtuAlmighty system, CPDM (construction project data management) and CPLM (construction project lifecycle management) model must be settled beforehand. Because most of information systems based on 3D-Design have its own database and business process. So, our team will develop collaboration management architecture of construction process for Decision Support based on PLM (Project Life-cycle Management). This architecture with business processes and Database can be used in process develop, process monitoring with many stakeholders of project, process change management, and so on.

The external technology collaboration network is of importance to increasing the performances in the technology development of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study focuses especially on the influence of the external technology collaboration network diversity on SMEs’ production process improvement and cost reduction through technology development and the moderating effect of SMEs’ use of the external information on this influence. This study sheds a new light on the three points based on the empirical analysis of the 2,000 data from South Korean SMEs by using the ordinary least squares regression. First, SMEs’ external technology collaboration network diversity has a positive effect on their cost reduction through technology development. Second, SMEs’ production process improvement through technology development partially mediates this positive effect of the external technology collaboration network diversity on the cost reduction. Third, the use of the external information for technology development moderates the effects of SMEs’ external technology collaboration network diversity on the production process improvement and the cost reduction.

Purpose: This research examines the effects of collaboration with external firms on innovation performance, with a specific focus on the mediating influence of business process innovation. The objective is to explore how external collaborations contribute to improving innovation performance by facilitating internal process innovations, enabling firms to effectively convert external knowledge into practical innovation results. Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing data from the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS), this research utilizes lo-gistic regression analysis to test the hypotheses concerning the relationships between external collaboration, business process innovation, and innovation performance. It measures innovation performance associated with product in-novation and assesses collaboration with external firms via a survey. Findings: The results demonstrate that external collaborations enhance innovation performance, emphasizing the value of external knowledge and the pivotal role of business process innovation in transforming this knowledge into tangible outcomes. This highlights the critical need to refine internal processes to maximize the benefits of external partnerships. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited by its focus on small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea's manufacturing sector, so it may not fully represent the dynamics in other countries or sectors. Future research should explore the influence of external knowledge on firm performance across diverse contexts. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the pivotal role of business process innovation as a key mediator in integrating external collaboration into firms' innovation strategies. By pro-viding empirical insights into the innovation practices of South Korean firms, it enriches the global discourse on innovation management. This study's integration of open innovation, firm attributes, and business process innovation into a unified analysis offers a comprehensive perspective on the factors influencing innovation success and under-scores the importance of internal processes in maximizing the benefits of collaboration with external firms.

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze the localization process of early childhood education led by a collaboration of teachers, supervisors and professors. The project team consisted of 7 members: 4 teachers from a public kindergarten in Chungcheongbuk Province, 2 supervisors from the same area and 1 university professor. The project ran for a total of 1 year and 7 months from August 2006 to February 2008. The data collected for research included team meeting material, transcript of team interview, notes taken by the researchers and member journals. Initially a lack of understanding by team members on the concept of localization caused difficulty in practicing localization. In addition, the research found that the creation of mutual cooperation based on common demands of all participants needed to precede any progress on localization. Once the cooperative foundation was built, common themes were identified and the meaning of localization was broadened. Eventually, members were able to engage and support the community in the education process.

The creation of academic start-up firms is an important and practical issue in the management of technology in Japan. The present study designs a model for creating academic start-up firms that fits into the social context. It focuses on the case of FIRST Program, an initiative that consists of 30 projects in innovative arenas, analyses the presence of large-scale public funding, and investigates the role of venture capitalists as support personnel in each project. As a result, the presence and significance of 'long-term escort' by an 'entrepreneurial venture capitalist (EP-VCist)' were confirmed as common features across the cases observed. EP-VCist refers to a person who can maintain and fulfil dual roles at a university and a venture capital firm, and who can take the lead throughout the venturing process as a risk taker. 'Long-term escort' is a form of support that reduces risks in the venturing process by supporting university researchers in the pre-entrepreneurial stage and by exerting a robust bridging role between a university and an industry.

이 논문의 목적은 전공 심화 교육으로서의 대학 작문 교육을 제대로 수행하기 위해 전공 교육과 작문 교육 담당자 간에 어떤 협업이 필요한가를 밝히는 데 있다. 먼저 실제 운영 중인 전공 심화 글쓰기 교과목의 목표와 과제 목표를 검토하여 전공 교육의 요구를 분석하였다. 이후 요구되는 목표 수행을 위해 작문 교육 담당 기관에서 어떤 지원이 필요한가를 검토하였다. 실제 수업에서 산출된 학습자 글쓰기를 분석함으로써 학습자의 글쓰기 능력 개선을 위해 어떤 피드백이 요구되는가를 밝히는 과정도 수행하면서 글쓰기센터 등의 작문교육 담당자들이 튜터링 등에서 어떤 역할을 수행하여야 하는가에 대해 논의하였다. 학습자의 전공 글쓰기 능력을 개선하려면 학습자 스스로 전공 내에 필요한 담화공동체 내의 규약을 익히고 이를 중심으로 자신의 사고 능력을 개선할 수 있는 기회가 제공되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 학습자가 스스로 자신의 글쓰기를 대상화 하고 개선할 수 있도록 열린 질문을 제공할 수 있도록 피드백이 기획되어야 한다.

The purpose of this article is to clarify whether several methods are necessary to properly execute writing education as deepening education. For this purpose, I embodied what kind of collaboration is necessary between professional education and writing education. Firstly, we examined the needs of educational personnel in major, by examining the goals of deepening writing subjects and subjects that are actually operated. We then examined what kind of support is necessary to achieve the goals required by the subject professor. Deepening the course of study Major studies were conducted to analyze learners' written data calculated by education and analyzed the necessity of several feedback schemes to improve the writing ability of students taking courses. In addition, college writing education officers such as writing centers discussed how to perform tutoring in order to fulfill a firm role. In order to improve the ability of students to write major, do provide opportunities to improve their thinking abilities, focusing on them, learning the rules within the discourse community necessary for their own major. For this reason, feedback should be designed so that learners can offer open questions so that they can target their own writing and improve themselves.

최근 정부는 부처 간 칸막이를 제거하는 ‘협력’을 통해 갈등을 조정하는 방안을 모색했다. 이에 본 연구는 협력과 협력프로세스 개념을 활용하여 화성시 공동형 종합장사시설건립 사례를 검토했다. 특히 협력의주관 지자체와 참여 지자체의 입장 차이를 심층적으로 분석함으로서 협력과정과 결과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 기초 요소에 대해 모색해보고자 했다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 협력담당자들이 인식하는 협력수준은 조정단계를 지나 협력단계임을 확인했다. 단, 건립 후 운영과정 조정문제와 인근지자체를 어떻게 설득시킬 것인가에 대한 문제가 남아있다. 둘째, 협력의 우선목적이 ‘경제적 이유’로 주관지자체와 참여지자체가명확히 일치했다. 셋째, 협력프로세스 요소 중에서 협력담당자들의 ‘상호관계’와 ‘신뢰’부분 인식이 상당이긍정적이라고 평가할 수 있다. 넷째, 협력담당자들의 협력결과에 대한 긍정적인 확신이 협력의 성과를 이끌어가고 있다.

Recently, the government hopes to solve the conflict through mutual cooperation methods. This study examined the construction of a Joint Memorial Park in Hwaseong using collaborative cooperation and collaboration processes. In particular, this study seeks to explore the basic elements of the five cities in Gyeonggi Province, which have a positive impact on the outcome of the process. Analysis results are as follows. First, the level of collaboration among the agencies concerned was between coordination steps and collaboration steps. However, there is a question about how to adjust the problem and persuade the local government to manage the relocation process. Second, the priority of the five local governments was ‘economic’ reasons. Third, they believed that the relationship between ‘mutual relationships’ and ‘trust’ was the most positive element. Fourth, positive convictions about their collaboration are leading to the achievement of collaboration.