Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 발달장애 아동의 운동 협응력과 정서·행동 문제를 비교·분석하여, 운동 협응력의 차이에 따른 정 서·행동 문제의 심각성 정도를 비교하고 두 변인의 연관성에 대해서 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 발달장애 아동 68 명을 대상으로 한국판 정서-행동 평가시스템(Korean Behavior Assessment System for Chilren-2, KBASC-2) 을 사용하여 정서·행동 문제를 평가하고, 운동 발달 평가 도구인 Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition(MABC-2)를 활용하여 운동 협응력 부족군 38명과 운동 협응력 정상군 30명으로 구분하였다. 운 동 협응력 부족군과 정상군의 차이를 검증하기 위하여 독립 표본 T 검증(Independent T-test)을 실시하였고, 운 동 협응력과 정서·행동 문제의 연관성을 검증하기 위하여 Pearson 상관 계수 검증(Pearson’s correlation coefficient)을 활용하였다. 발달장애 아동의 운동 협응력 차이에 따른 정서·행동 문제의 차이를 분석한 결과 내면 화 문제행동(p=.007), 주의력결핍/과잉행동(p=.001), 개인적 적응(p=.001),에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 학교 문제에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 발달장애 아동의 운동 협응력과 정서·행동 문제의 연관성을 분석한 결 과 내면화 문제행동(r=-.388, p=.003), 주의력결핍/과잉행동(r=-.425, p=.001), 개인적 적응(r=.428, p=.001)에서 유의한 상관관계가 나타났으며, 학교 문제에서는 유의한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에서 발달장애 아동 의 운동 협응력이 부족 할수록 정서·행동의 문제 척도 중 내면화 문제행동, 주의력결핍/과잉행동, 개인적 적응의 심각성이 높은 것을 알아볼 수 있었다. 이는 특수체육 분야에서 발달장애 아동의 운동 협응력과 정서·행동 문제 연 구 활동을 위한 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to compare factors of emotional and behavioral problems between children with developmental disability and investigate the interrelationship between motor coordination and emotional and behavioral problems among the children with developmental disability. A total 68 children with developmental disability were assessed using the Korean Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition for emotional and behavioral problems. The independent t-test was used to assess the differences between children with and without poor motor coordination. The correlations between motor coordination skills and emotional and behavioral difficulties were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Children with developmental disability showed significantly poor scores in internalizing problems (p = 0.007), inattention/hyperactivity (p = 0.001), and in personal adjustment (p = 0.001) among the criteria of emotional and behavioral problems. The MABC-2 composite percentile score of participants showed a significant correlation with internalizing problem behavior (r = −0.388, p = 0.003), inattention / hyperactivity disorder (r = −0.425, p = 0.001), and personal adjustment (r = 0.428, p = 0.001). Our results validated that children with poor motor coordination have more emotional and behavioral difficulties than children without poor motor coordination. Our results revealed that the motor coordination skills have correlated with emotional and behavioral difficulties among children with developmental disability.

The purpose of this study is to verify if music therapy activity has effectively worked on changing communication, motility, and sociality of the children who have developmental disability. Individual activity was conducted twice a week and group activity was conducted once a week. The change on the children through out these activities were analyzed by carrying out KISE development scale, SMS(Social Maturity Scale), behavior and music diagnostic scale, pre-test, post-test, follow-up test by observing record to find out the effect of them. For subject of this study, 4 children who have developmental disability were selected among the children who committed music therapy to D institute located at Dae-jeon metropolitan city and then individual activity was conducted twice a week and group activity was conducted once a week. As for the method of study and measurement, after grasping developmental stage of the children by implementing KISE development scale, music proper for those children were created and used, and behavior change in an individual and a group activity was analyzed by using 5 rating scale of observation record on the basis of KISE development scale test. As for a change of sociality in a group activity, a change of children was analyzed by using pre-test and post-test of social maturity. As for the communicative expression upon early music activity, they showed more music expression on nondirective language but as sessions were proceeded, they showed a change in behavior by paying attention to linguistic instructions. In the area of motility, the coordination ability such as hands-feet, eyes-musical instrument and a gaze at therapist etc. among music activity were unnatural but they showed a change that coordination was getting balanced. Each child improved in the area of sociality as well, but they showed reduction or increase in group activity compared to individual activity due to their temperament characteristics. For the conclusion through the results of study, the improvement of communication for self-recognition and interaction was achieved in music activity. Also, physical activity responded through musical stimulus, in other words, the movement of motility naturally got balanced and harmonized. In the area of sociality, children also showed a difference in individual and group activity due to their personal temperament characteristics, but overall they showed improvement. As for creative music applied to subject of this study, individual creative music was not used considering different extent of weakness and difference of each child, but it showed meaningful improvement in communication, motility and social skill of the children. It is considered that more improvement will be achieved when using individualized creative music in accordance with characteristics of the children.

본 연구는 통합예술치료가 발달장애아동과 비장애형제자매의 관계향상에 미치는 영향 을 알아보고자 하였다. OO광역시 장애부모회에서 형제관계 척도 및 어머니(아버지)가 지각한 형제관계 척도의 점수가 낮은 학령기의 형제자매 12쌍 중 통합예술치료 참여 를 희망하는 9쌍을 선정하였으며, 중도탈락자를 뺀 나머지 5팀을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 실험집단을 대상으로 주1회 90분 총18회기의 통합예술치료 프로그램을 실시 하였다. 통합예술치료 프로그램이 발달장애아동과 비장애형제자매의 관계향상에 미치 는 영향을 알아보기 위해서 회기별 행동 관찰분석, KHTP 그림검사, KFD그림검사, 형 제관계 척도, 어머니(아버지)가 지각한 형제관계 척도를 사용하였다. 이에 본 연구에 서 밝혀진 결과를 요약하면 통합예술치료프로그램이 발달장애아동과 비장애형제자매 관계에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of integrative art therapy program on the improvement of the relationship between children with developmental disability and their normal siblings. For this study, out of 12 couples with low scores in the measure of sibling relationship and the one that a mother or a father recognized, 12 couples who wanted to participate in integrative art therapy program. Finally, 5 couples excluding the members who dropped out in the middle of integrative art therapy program were selected. And the program was conducted in oo Taekwondo Studio located in Kwangjoo Metropolital City, in a total of 18 sessions, for 90 minutes each session, from September, 2011 to January 14th, 2012. To verify the effectiveness of this study, the attitudes of normal siblings toward their siblings with disabilities and the changes of relationships with siblings were analyzed qualitatively through drawing tests(KHTP and KFD) and the analysis of sessional behavioral observations. And for quantitative analysis, they were treated statistically using SPSS 18.o program (Wilcoxon signed-rank Test). The results of this study are as follows. Integrative art therapy was shown to have positive effects on the improvement of the relationship between children with developmental disabilities and their normal siblings. Drawing tests(KHTP and KFD) before the program showed their normal siblings had negative attitudes toward children with disabilities, so their relationship was evasive. But Drawing tests(KHTP and KFD) after the program showed their normal siblings had positive attitudes toward children with disabilities and their relationship got better. As a session passed, their attitudes toward children with disabilities got positive, and their relationship get better. According to the results of the effects of integrative art therapy on sibling relationship, here was a statistically significant difference in the sub-areas of attitudes toward siblings, family role of siblings, and sibling/peer relationship. According to the results of the effects of integrative art therapy on the sibling relationship which a mother or a father recognized, there was a significant difference. The sub-areas of positive attitudes such as participating, sympathizing and teaching increased commonly. The sub-areas of negative attitudes such as evading, competing and attacking decreased commonly. According to the results of the effects of integrative art therapy on the interaction between children with developmental disabilities and their normal siblings, positive interaction increased, and negative interaction decreased. The sub-areas of the positive interaction between siblings such as ‘inviting into interaction’, ‘helping’ increased a lot. But ‘negative emotion’, ‘blocking’, and ‘ignoring’ decreased remarkably. In conclusion, integrative art therapy had positive effects on the improvement of the relationship between children with developmental disabilities and their normal siblings.

성인 발달장애인에게 의미 있는 낮 활동을 제공함으로써 이들의 자립과 지역사회 참여를 지원하는 발달장애인 주간활동서비스가 2019년도부터 실시되었다. 본 연구는 주간활동서비스를 이용한 성인 발달장애인 자녀 어머니의 관점에서 이용자 및 어머니의 삶의 변화와 서비스에 대한 기대를 탐색하였다. 심층인터뷰를 통해 15명의 발달장애인 자녀 어머니들의 경험이 공유되었고, 주제분석을 통해 3가지 대주제와 12개의 하위주제가 도출되었다. 연구 참여자들은 주간활동서비스 이용 이후 발달장애 자녀의 자립 능력 향상, 성취감 도모, 도전적 행동 감소, 사회적 상호작용의 증가와 같은 긍정적인 변화를 보고하였을 뿐 아니라, 주돌봄제공자로서 돌봄 부담의 감소, 심리적 안정, 자녀의 관심사 발견, 직장 및 사회생활 집중의 변화를 보고하였다. 또한, 주간활동서비스의 지속성 확보 및 질적 향상과 관련한 다양한 기대를 공유하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 이용자 돌봄제공자의 측면에서 주간활동서비스의 성과를 확인할 수 있었고, 이들의 욕구를 충족할 수 있는 서비스의 개선방안을 도출하는 데 기여하였다.

Day Activity Services, a program for adults with developmental disabilities, has been implemented since 2019 to support their independence and community participation by providing meaningful daytime activities. This study explored life changes and expectations for services from the perspective of mothers of adult children with developmental disabilities using Day Activity Services. Through in-depth interviews, 15 mothers shared their thoughts and experiences. Thematic analyses yielded three overarching themes and 12 subthemes. Our participants reported positive changes in their adult children with developmental disabilities, such as improved independence, feelings of achievement, reduced challenging behavior, and increased social interactions. These mothers also experienced changes as a primary caregiver, such as reduced care burden, improved psychological well-being, discovery of their children’s interests, and ability to concentrate on work and social life. They shared expectations for continuity and improved quality of services. This study confirmed the positive outcomes of Day Activity Services for service users and caregivers, and its findings can be used to improve these services to better meet the needs of these clients.

The study was intended to compare typically developing children with autism or PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disability) children in sensory processing skills. To accomplish this goal, was translate and change of Short Sensory Profile(Dunn, 1999). The first step was perform factor analysis, items-total raw score relations and reliability of the scales. Then, the sensory processing skills of typically developing children and autism or PDD children was compared. Also, each two age groups of typically developing children and autism or PDD children were compared. Finally, gender of each typically developing children and autism or PDD children were compared. The subjects of the research were 186 typically developing children and 95 autism or PDD children aged 3 to 10 years. The result of the study have shown as follows: 1. There were significant differences between groups in total score and sub factor score. This results yielded significant differences between groups suggest that autism or PDD children had sensory processing difficulties. 2. There were no significant differences between two age groups differences of autism or PDD children but there were significant differences between two age groups of typically developing children on fore sub-factor score and total score. 3. There were no significant differences between each gender groups of typically developing children and autism or PDD children. In conclusion, this research proves the fact that differences between typical children and autistic PDD children in sensory processing skills. The scales utilized this study can be used to screening the autism or PDD children with sensory processing difficulties. It is expected that development of screening test tool for various disabilities children with sensory processing difficulties.

본 연구는 한국장애인개발원의 장애인삶 패널조사 4차(2021) 자료를 사용하여 학령기 발달장애자녀를 둔 어머니의 돌봄 및 경제활동 특성을 파악하고, 장애인활동지원서비스 이용이 어머니의 경제활동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 179명이었으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애자녀의 도움필요정도, 활동지원서비스 이용시간, 어머니의 돌봄시간 및 근로시간의 편차가 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학령기 발달장애자녀를 둔 어머니는 일주일 평균 21.63시간을 장애자녀의 돌봄활동에 사용하였고, 일주일 평균 16.07시간의 근로를 한 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, 학령기 발달장애자녀를 둔 어머니의 근로여부에 장애자녀의 연령, 어머니의 학력, 배우자 유무, 활동지원서비스 이용 시간이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 어머니의 근로 시간에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 장애자녀의 연령, 어머니의 학력, 어머니의 건강, 배우자 유무, 활동지원서비스 이용시간이 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 장애인 가구의 경제적 불평등 연구와 기혼여성의 경제활동 연구 분야에서 배제되어온 장애인 자녀를 돌보는 어머니의 경제활동에 초점을 맞추고, 사회서비스가 돌봄을 수행하는 가구원의 경제활동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 확인한 데 의의가 있다.

This study attempts to identify the state of care and work of mothers caring children with developmental disability and explore the effects of social care service-PAS(personal assistance service) on mothers' labor supply. This study used the 4th (2021) wave of 'Disability and Life Dynamics Panel' data, which collected by the Korea Disabled People's Development Institute. The result of this study can be summarized as follows: First, there is a significant difference in condition of care, service use and mothers' working hour. Second, mothers of children with developmental disability care their children for 21.63 hour per week and work for 16.07 hour per week on average. Third, PAS positively affected mothers' labor supply. Last but not least, employment rate of mothers of children with developmental disability is 55.87%, which is very lower than other population. This results suggest that they are in need of more awareness and support.

이 연구는 심리운동 프로그램이 발달장애 아동의 뇌파와 심박변이도에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 실험연구이 다. 연구대상은 A시에 거주하고 생활연령이 만 9세에서 만 15세의 지적장애 및 자폐성장애를 가진 발달장애 아동이다. 대상자 수는 총 24명으로 심리운동집단 13명과 통제집단 11명으로 무작위 할당되어 참여하였다. 심리운동 프로그램은 12주간, 주 2회, 매회 50분으로 진행되었다. SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 측정된 자료의 평균과 표준편차를 산출하고 집단과 측정시점 간의 차이를 알아보기 위해서 이원반복측정 분산분석(2-way[2] RM ANOVA)을 실시하였 다. 모든 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 설정하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 심리운동 프로그램이 주의력과 관련된 뇌파의 우 ․좌측 M-Alpha파와 우․좌측 SMR파에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리운동 프로그램이 심박수, SDNN, LF, HF, LF/HF비율에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 심리운동 프로그램은 12주경과 후 효과가 나타나기 시작하였으며, 종료 후 6주 후에도 효과가 유지되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 특수체육 지도자들에게 발달장애 아동을 위한 중재 프로그램의 기획 및 내용을 구성하는데 기초자료로 제공될 것이다.

This study is a research study to find out the effects of psychomotorik program intervention on electroencephalogram and heart rate variability of children with developmental disability. The subjects of the study were children with developmental disability aged from 9 to 15 who live in A city. A total of 24 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups – 13 to psychomotorik group, and 11 to control group. The psychomotorik was conducted for 12 weeks, 2 times a week, 50 minutes each time. The SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used to calculate the mean and standard deviation of the measured data and 2-way[2] RM ANOVA was conducted to analyze the difference between groups and points of measurement. All statistical significance levels were set at .05. The results of this study were as follows. First, psychomotorik program intervention had a positive effect on the right and left M-Alpha and SMR waves of attention-related brain waves. Second, psychomotorik program intervention had a positive effect on heart rate, SDNN, LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. The psychomotorik program started to show effects after 12 weeks, and the effect was maintained even after 6 weeks after the end. These results will be provided as basic data for the planning and contents of intervention program for children with developmental disabilities to special physical education leaders.

목 적 본 논문에서는 감각통합치료프로그램이 발달장애아동의 신체도식과 실행능력에 어떠한 영향을 미 치는가에 대하여 알아보았다. 연구방법 30명의 발달장애아를 대상으로 6주 동안 Ayres의 감각통합이론을 근거로 변형된 발달장애아 감 각통합 치료프로그램을 적용하여 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 실행능력의 평가는 신체도식 검사(한 점 모방 검사, 신체 6퍼즐 맞추기 검사), 실행검사(언어지시실행, 구강실행, 순서실행) 및 감각통 합실행검사(SIPT)를 통하여 데이터를 수집하였으며 치료 전과 치료 후의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 대응표본 t-검정으로 통계처리 하였다. 결 과 1. 감각통합치료프로그램이 발달장애아의 신체도식능력, 즉 한 점 모방과 신체 6 퍼즐 맞추기 능 력에서 치료 전․후에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 2. 감각통합치료프로그램이 발달장애아의 실행능력, 즉 언어지시실행, 구강실행 과 순서실행 모두 에서 치료 전․후에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 3. 감각통합치료프로그램이 발달장애아의 감각통합실행능력(SIPT)에서 유의한 치료 효과를 나타내 었다(p<0.01)

Objective : Purpose of this study is to study how Sensory Integration (SI) Intervention Program affect body-scheme and praxis ability of children with Developmental Disability (DD). Method : The SI intervention was programmed based on the theory of SI by Jean Ayres. Thirty children with DD underwent the SI program for six weeks. The effect of the SI intervention was evaluated in terms of body-scheme and praxis ability. Assessments used in this study are One-Point Imitation Test (OPIT) and 6 Body Puzzle Test (6BPT) for body-scheme; Praxis Test Sheet (PTS) for linguistic order, oral motor control, sequential praxis and Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) for postural praxis. Data of this study was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before- and after the SI intervention. Results : Results of this study are (1) in the OPIT, there is significant difference on body-scheme ability (p<0.01); (2) in the PTS, there is significant difference on all three items (p<0.01); and (3) in the SIPT, there is significant difference on sensory integration and praxis function. Conclusions : From the results, it is concluded that sensory integration intervention is effective on body-scheme and praxis functions for children with developmental disability.

본 연구는 충남·북 지역에서 발달장애아동을 양육하는 236명의 부모를 대상으로 양육스트레스가 삶의질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이 관계에서 부부 의사소통의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 자료분석을 위하여PASW Statistics 18.0을 이용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 양육스트레스는 발달장애아동의 어머니가 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 부부 의사소통은 아버지가 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 삶의 질은 발달장애아동의 아버지가 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 삶의 질에 영향을미치는 요인을 분석한 결과, 조사대상자들의 양육스트레스, 부부 의사소통, 장애정도, 거주 지역은 공통적요인으로 나타났으며, 직업 유무는 발달장애아동의 아버지 그리고 교육수준은 어머니에서만 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부부 의사소통의 상호작용 효과를 분석한 결과, 부부 의사소통은 모든 집단에서 유의미한 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증적인 연구결과에 기초하여 각 집단별 맞춤형 방안을제시하였고, 실질적인 장애인복지정책 수립을 위한 유용한 기초자료를 제공했다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

This study examined the influence of parenting stress to quality of life and confirm the control effect of marital communication in the relationship subjecting 236 parents who are raising developmental disability child in Chungnam and Chungbuk provinces. This study utilized PASW Statistics 18.0 for analysis. The study results are as follows. First, mothers showed more significant parenting stress, and fathers showed higher significance in marital communication and quality of life. Second, as for the analysis result of factors influencing quality of life, the common factors were parenting stress, marital communication, degree of disability and residence and occupational status factor and educational status each influenced father and mother of developmental disability child. Third, when analyzing the interaction effect of marital communication, it was confirmed to have significant control effect in both groups. Based on such positive study results, the study has its significance in providing customized measures for each group, and useful fundamental material for establishment of practical social welfare policy for the disabled.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the developmental disabilities of Busan and the parents of children with developme ntal disabilities who are willing to participate activity in the program, and a team of physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists. Methods : The sample of this study were 16 developmental delay children and their parents. After the team access intervention program, parents' parenting stres s pre-post-change and self-esteem pre-post-change were analyzed using Paired ttest. Statistical significance was α = .05. The correlation between parenting stress a self-esteem was confirmed using Pearson correlation analysis. The statistical sig-nificance level was α=.01. Results : The results of this study showed that cooperativ e team approach interventions significantly improved parents parenting stress and self esteem was also significantly reduced. And Parental parenting stress and selfesteem have a strong positive correlation with each other. Conclusion : These res ults suggest that it is necessary to discuss more ways of activating collaborative t eam approach intervention among the therapists in Korea.

The purpose of this paper was to study the family perceptioon of parents with the developmentally disabled children using Kinetic Family Drawing. The subjects of this investigation was 47 couples with the developmentally disabled children who are getting early education, speech therapy, and psychotherapy at Gwangju Welfare Center for the Disabled. Their Kinetic Family Drawing were collected and scored using the Burns and Kaufman's and Ik-hong Yang scoring manual. For data analysis, T-test and χ2 verification were conducted using SPSS/PC Program.The results of this study were as follows:First, In actions of drawing, the only factors of nurturing revealed significant difference between fathers and mothers. Second, In figure characteristics of drawings, there was no significant difference between fathers and mothers. Third, In dynamics of drawings, the factor of superiority, the direction of figure, the distance between figures revealed statistically significant difference between fathers and mothers. Finally, In style and symbol dimension, it was statistically significant difference between fathers and mothers in the only force field 3.The limitation of study and the implication for future research was discussed.

본 연구는 발달장애아동 형제자매의 주관적 안녕감에 대한 긍정심리 집단미술치료의 효과를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 서울시에 위치한 장애인종합복지관에 발달장애아동 형제자매를 위한 긍정심리 집단미술치료 참여자 모집공고문을 게재하고 자발적으로 참여를 결정한 대상자들 중 선정기준에 부합하는 아동 7명을 모집하였으며, 인지 및 정서적 특성을 고려하여 3명으로 이루어진 A집단, 4명으로 이루어진 B집단을 구성하였다. 프로그램은 주 1회 90분씩 총 8회기 진행되었으며, 매회기 활동일지를 작성하고 프로그램 참여 전과 후에 주관적 안녕감 척도 검사를 실시하였다. 활동일지를 통한 질적분석을 실시한 결과, 초기에는 감정 탐색과 표출을 힘들어하던 참여자들이 회기가 진행될수록 자연스럽게 자신을 표현함으로써 부정 정서를 해소하고 긍정 정서를 느끼는 감정의 정화를 경험함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 자신과 가족, 타인에 대한 다양한 강점을 발견하고 강화함으로써 성장을 돕는 긍정 자원을 마련하는 기회가 됨을 발견하였다. 척도검사에 대한 양적분석을 통해서 프로그램 전과 후의 차이를 비모수 검정인 윌콕슨 부호순위 검정을 통해 파악한 결과, 긍정심리 집단미술치료가 주관적 안녕감 하위요인인 정적 효능안녕, 정적 정서안녕, 부적 관계안녕에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 알게 되었다. 이러한 결과는 발달장애아동 형제자매를 위한 긍정심리 미술치료 개입의 근거를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive psychology art therapy on the subjective well-being of siblings of children with developmental disabilities. A notice of the recruitment of participants in a group art therapy program was posted at a welfare center. Of those who voluntarily decided to participate, seven children who met the criteria were selected, and two groups were formed. Group A consisted of three persons and group B consisted of four persons. Eight sessions of the program were conducted once a week, for 90 minutes. The researcher wrote progress notes and tests of subjective well-being were conducted. According to the quality analysis, participants who initially had difficulty exploring and expressing emotions were able to resolve negative emotions, feel positive emotions, and experience the purification of emotions as the sessions progressed. It also became an opportunity for participants to discover and enhance strengths in themselves, their families and others, thereby creating positive resources to help participants grow. As a result of an assessment through a non-parametric test Wilcoxon signed rank test, it is judged that positive psychology art therapy has positive effects on the sub-factors of subjective well-being, including positive efficacy well-being, positive affective well-being, and negative relatedness well-being. The results are meaningful in that they support the efficacy of positive psychology art therapeutic intervention for siblings of children with developmental disabilities.

본 연구는 발달장애아동을 위한 언어치료가 실제 환경에서 의사소통향상으로 연결되지 못하는 한계를 인식하는데서 출발하였다. 한 언어치료사가 장애학 관점에서 그동안 언어치료경험을 성찰하는 과정을 자문화기술지로 접근하여 드러냄으로써 독자와 소통하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 발달장애아동의 언어치료는 비언어적 의사소통능력과 자발성 향상을 목표로 해야 한다는 것을 인식하였다. 의료적 모델 입장에서 장애아동의 언어문제를 고치려고만 하는 것이 아니라 발달장애아동 나름의 의사소통 방식을 이해해야 한다는 것이다. 이들의 의사소통 방식을 이해하고 수용하려는 우리의 태도가 결합될 때 아동이 스스로 주체적이고 능동적인 의사소통 주체가 될 것이다. 진정한 의사소통이란 비장애인이 주체가 되고 장애인이 비주체가 되는 일방적인 관계가 아니기 때문이다. 또한 장애학 관점에서 언어치료가 이루어진다면 장애아동이 의사소통의 주체가 되어 아동과 가족을 포함한 생태학적 접근의 사회참여 통로가 될 것이다. 이를 위해서는 대안적인 의사소통 환경이 조성되어야 하며 발달장애아동만이 아닌 의사소통파트너의 협력적 역할까지 포함되는 언어치료로 변화되어야 할 것이다.

This purpose of this study is to conduct a research on experiences of speech language therapy with children with developmental disabilities by using autoethnography method. Children with developmental disabilities may risk in relation to social exclusion, and this may be further exacerbated by speech and language difficulties. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, SLT(speech language therapy) need to consider both approaches to intervention to enhance children’s spontaneous speech and language skills as well as upskilling nonverbal communication in children with developmental disabilities. Second, SLT profession is moving away from a medical model and toward a social model. SLP(speech language pathologist) need to consider the subjective experience of participation from the point of view of the families and the children themselves, as well as environmental factors. Third, SLP need to consider alternative communication systems on SNS(Social Network Service) as well as AAC(Augmentative alternative communication) Finally, SLP need to consider individual child factors along with environmental factors, such as opportunities for participation, cooperative attitudes of communication partners. One of the strength of this study is to use of autoethnograpy method, which provide insights into SLP’s views and perceptions based on social model, Disability Studies.

목적 : 본 연구는 발달장애 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 한 국내 작업치료의 중재 목표를 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth version(ICF-CY)의 용어를 사용하여 체계적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : Riss, KISS, DBpia를 통하여 2008년 1월부터 2018년 9월까지의 국내 논문을 검색하였다. 검색어는 “아동<and>작업치료”, “아동<and>감각통합”, “청소년<and>작업치료”, “청소년<and>감각통합”, “발달장애 <and>작업치료”, “발달장애<and>감각통합”을 사용하였다. 2차 분류를 통해 최종 7편의 연구를 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 분석 대상 연구의 근거 수준은 개별 실험연구가 가장 많았으며, 중재 대상은 자폐스펙트럼 장애가 가장 많았고, 중재 방법은 감각통합 중재를 가장 많이 적용하였다. ICF-CY의 활동과 참여에 대한 작업치료 목표는 자기관리(33%)와 주요 생활영역(33%), 학습과 지식 적용(11%), 의사소통(11%), 이동(11%) 에서 진행되었다. 결론 : 발달장애 아동과 청소년을 대상으로 한 국내 작업치료 목표는 활동과 참여 영역의 많은 부분에서 진행됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 기반으로 ICF-CY의 활동과 참여 영역에 대한 전문가 중 하나로써 작업치료사의 전문성을 설명할 수 있는 근거가 될 것으로 보인다.

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for a systematic analysis of occupational therapy interventions for the activity and participation of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. Methods : The articles used in this study were collected from the RISS, KISS, and DBpia databases. The key words used were “children and occupational therapy” “children and sensory integration,” “adolescent and occupational therapy,” “adolescent and sensory integration,” “developmental disorder and occupational therapy,” and “developmental disorder and sensory integration.” The research period was limited to January 2008 to August 2018. Seven articles in total were selected for systematic analysis. Results : Most of the included works were single-case studies, and most subjects dealt with the autism spectrum disorder. The majority of the interventions used involved sensory integration. Occupational therapy interventions were self-care (33%), major life area (33%), learning and application (11%), communication (11%), and mobility (11%). Conclusion : This study will help with understanding the current state of occupational therapy interventions for the activity and participation. On the basis of this understanding, various studies on this subject are expected to be conducted in the future.

본 연구는 자기표현 향상을 위한 놀이치료 프로그램이 발달장애 형제가 있는 비장애 아동의 자기표현 향상에 미치는 변화를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 대상은 발달장애 형제가 있는 만 8세-10세 사이의 비장애 아동으로 자기표현 향상을 위한 놀이치료 프로그램에 의뢰된 아동 중 자기표현력 척도를 실시하여 점수가 낮은 순으로 4명의 아동을 선정하였다. 자기표현 향상을 위한 놀이치료 프로그램은 주 2회, 한 회기 60분씩 총 10회기를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기표현 향상을 위한 놀이치료 프로그램은 비장애 아동의 자기표현력 척도 점수를 향상시켰다. 둘째, 비장애 아동의 자기표현 행동 변화를 측정한 결과 비장애 아동의 자기표현 행동의 빈도는 꾸준히 증가하였고, 소극적 행동과 공격적 행동은 꾸준히 감소하였다. 본 연구는 단기 프로그램이며, 소수 사례 연구로 일반화하는데 제한점은 있으나, 자기표현 향상을 위한 놀이치료 프로그램이 발달장애 형제가 있는 비장애 아동의 자기표현을 향상시키는 성과를 보여준 데 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a play therapy program for improving self-expression on the improvement of self-expression in non-disabled children that have siblings with developmental disabilities. The subjects of this study are non-disabled children between the ages of 8 and 10 who have siblings with developmental disabilities with low self-expression. The play therapy program to improve self-expression was conducted twice a week, 10 sessions of 60 minutes each. The results of this study are: first, the play therapy program for improving self-expression improved the self-expression scale score of the study subjects, and second, the frequency of self-expression behavior increased, and passive and aggressive behavior decreased. Though it is hard to generalize this study with a short-term program and few case studies, this study is significant in that it showed that the play therapy program for improving self-expression improved self-expression in non-disabled children that have siblings with developmental disabilities.

본 연구는 학령기 발달장애 아동을 둔 부모의 성인애착(불안, 회피), 역경 후 성장, 부모효능감, 장애수용 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 성인애착과 역경 후 성장과의 관계에서 부모효능감과 장애수용의 이중매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울과 충청 지역 자폐아동 전문센터 및 발달장애 특수학교에 다니는 만 6세 이상 만 12세 이하의 학령기 발달장애 아동을 둔 부모 152명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, SPSS 28.0 통계 프로그램과 Hayes 의 PROCESS Macro ver. 4.2 프로그램을 활용하여 152명의 자료를 분석하였다. 먼저 학령기 발달장애 아동을 둔 부모의 성인애착, 역경 후 성장, 부모효능감, 장애수용 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 학령기 발달장애 아동을 둔 부모의 성인애착과 역경 후 성장과의 관계에서는 부적 상관관계가 나타났고, 부모의 성인애착과 부모효능감과의 관계에서도 부적 상관관계가 나타났다. 부모의 성인애착과 장애수용과의 관계는 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 성인애착 중 회피애착은 부모효능감과 부적 상관관계가 있었으나 불안애착은 부모효능감과 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 본 연구에서 부모효능감과 역경 후 성장과의 관계에서는 정적 상관관계가 나타났고, 장애수용과 역경 후 성장과의 관계에서도 정적 상관관계가 나타났으며, 부모효능감과 장애수용과의 관계는 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 또한 회피애착과 역경 후 성장과의 관계에서 부모효능감과 장애수용의 이중매개효과가 검증되어 학령기 발달장애를 둔 부모의 역경 후 성장을 조력하는 데 이론적인 기틀을 마련하고자 하였다.

This study examined the relationship between parents’ adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and growth after adversity, in parents of school-aged children with developmental disabilities via parenting efficacy and disability acceptance. Self-report data of 152 parents of 6-12 years old children with developmental disabilities were analyzed using the SPSS 28.0 and process macro. The results indicated the significant dual mediating effects of parenting efficacy and disability acceptance. First, the relationship between parent’s adult attachment, growth after adversity, parental efficacy, and disability acceptance of children with school-aged developmental disabilities, a negative correlation was found between parental attachment and growth after adversity. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between parental attachment and parental efficacy. However, among parents’ adult attachments, unlike anxiety attachment, avoidant attachment had a negative correlation with parental efficacy. Contrarily, parental efficacy was found to be corelated with growth after adversity and disability acceptance. Second, among the attachments of parents of school-aged children with developmental disabilities, the dual mediating effects of parental efficacy and disability acceptance were confirmed in the relationship between avoidant attachment and growth after adversity. These findings provide a theoretical foundation to support the growth after adversity of parents of school-aged children with developmental disabilities.

지적 장애 및 발달 장애가 있는 아동들은 성폭력 및 신체 학대 등의 피해자로 수사면담의 대상이 되는 경우가 일반 아동들에 비해 상대적으로 빈번하다. 이와 같은 사실을 바탕으로 국외에서는 지적 장애 및 발달 장애 아동의 법정 진술과 관련하여 학술 연구와 현장 자료 조사가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그에 반해 국내에서는 아직까지 지적 장애 및 발달 장애 아동의 법정 진술과 관련된 연구 및 조사가 거의 이루어지지 못하였으며 사실상 관련 연구들의 필요성에 대해서도 크게 부각되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문은 국외의 폭넓은 자료들을 중심으로 지적 장애 및 발달 장애 아동의 진술 역량, 진술의 신빙성 수준 및 한계에 대한 심도 있는 고찰을 시도해 보고자 하였다. 이는 장애 아동의 바람직한 수사면담 시행과 올바른 아동 진술의 해석에 유용한 지식이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Children with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities are more vulnerable to abuse and maltreatment than their typically developing peers and yet their participation in the criminal justice system in rare. Children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities could recall useful information in the forensic context. There have been, however, few overviews in Korea with respect to the characteristics and capacities of children's testimony with intellectual disabilities and/or developmental disorders in forensic context. Thus, this paper examines the types of additional factors that might need to be taken into account for children with intellectual disabilities and whether these may influence the quality of children’s testimony based on the recent literature published on abroad. It should be guided and be helpful for further researches, particularly in terms of assessing the performance of children with specific developmental disorders including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Syndrome, and Williams Syndrome, would consolidate our knowledge and provide professional practitioners with an empirical basis in order to structure their investigative interviews with children depending upon their particular profile of abilities and disabilities in reporting what they had personally experienced or witnessed.

본 연구의 목적은 한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사(VMI-6)의 구인타당도와 임상적 유용성을 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 자폐스펙트럼장애, 지적 장애, 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애를 진단받은 만 6세에서 16세까지의 아동․청소년 91명과 일반아동 91명, 총 182명을 대상으로 한국판 시각-운동 통합 검사(VMI-6)와 한국판 웩슬러 아동지능검사 제 4판(K-WISC-IV)을 실시하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지적 장애, 자폐스펙트럼장애, ADHD 집단에서 VMI-6 시각-운동 통합 검사, 시지각 보충검사, 운동협응 보충검사와 K-WISC-IV의 10개의 주요 소검사들 간에 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 특히 VMI-6의 세 소검사는 K-WISC-IV의 전체 IQ(FSIQ), 지각추론지표, 작업기억지표, 토막짜기 소검사, 행렬 추리 소검사, 숫자 소검사와 강한 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, VMI-6의 시각-운동 통합 검사, 시지각 보충검사, 운동협응 보충검사에서 정상 집단이 세 장애 집단보다 높은 점수를 보여 VMI-6 수행에 따라 각 장애 집단과 정상 집단을 변별할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과, VMI-6는 이 검사가 측정하고자 하는 구성개념을 평가하는데 유용한 것으로 판단되며, 선행 연구들에서 시사된 것처럼 지적 장애, 자폐스펙트럼장애, ADHD 아동의 신경학적 결함을 변별하는데 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점과 향후 연구방향을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity and clinical utility of the VMI-6. For this purpose, 91 children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and ADHD and 91 general children from 6 to 16 years-of-age were tested using VMI-6 and K-WISC-IV. The results are as follows: First, between Visual-Motor Integration Test, Visual Perception Supplementary Test, Motor Coordination Supplementary Test of VMI-6 and 10 subtests of K-WISC-IV, the results proved to be statistically significant in the group of intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD. In particular, three subtests of VMI-6 scores showed a high correlation with Full Scale IQ, Perceptual Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Digit Span of K-WISC-IV. Second, each disorder group and general children were classified as per performance Visual-Motor Integration Test, Visual Perception Supplementary Test, and Motor Coordination Supplementary Test. These results showed that construct validity of VMI-6 is useful for examining constructs and for children with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD, VMI-6 was useful in classifying neurological deficits. Finally, the meaning and limitation of this study and suggestions for further study are discussed.

Background: Chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing is a first-tier test for patients with developmental delay, autism, or congenital anomalies. It increases diagnostic yield for patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability. In some countries, including Korea, CMA testing is not yet implemented in clinical practice. We assessed the diagnostic utility of CMA testing in a large cohort of patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability in Korea. Methods: We conducted a genome-wide microarray analysis of 649 consecutive patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability at the Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Pathogenicity of detected copy number variations (CNVs) was evaluated by referencing previous reports or parental testing using FISH or quantitative PCR. Results: We found 110 patients to have pathogenic CNVs, which included 100 deletions and 31 duplications of 270 kb to 30 Mb. The diagnostic yield was 16.9%, demonstrating the diagnostic utility of CMA testing in clinic. Parental testing was performed in 66 patients, 86.4% of which carried de novo CNVs. In eight patients, pathogenic CNVs were inherited from healthy parents with a balanced translocation, and genetic counseling was provided to these families. We verified five rarely reported deletions on 2p21p16.3, 3p21.31, 10p11.22, 14q24.2, and 21q22.13. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the clinical utility of CMA testing in the genetic diagnosis of patients with developmental delay or intellectual disability. CMA testing should be included as a clinical diagnostic test for all children with developmental delay or intellectual disability.