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침술은 약 2500년 전부터 인체의 질병을 치료하기 위해 사용되어온 것으로 오늘날에도 널리 이용되고 있으나, 그 효과를 과학적으로 증명하는 데에는 어려운 점이 있어 아직 침술의 효능에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 많다.현대의 의학이 발전하고 있지만 통증의 치료방법에 있어서 아직도 서구 의학만으로는 풀기 어려운 문제점 들이 존재하고 있고 대안적 치료법으로 여러 가지가 모색되고 있는데, 그 중 가장 일반적인 방법으로 사용되고 있는 것이침술이다. 침에 의한 자극은 중추신경계로 전달되어 근육이나 척수, 뇌에서 화학물질을 분비시키는 것으로 알려져있으며, 이는 세 가지 요인으로 구분하여 생각할 수 있는데, 체내에서 이루어지는 전기신호의 변화와, opioid계peptide의 증가, 뇌의 활성화 상태의 증가 등을 들 수 있다. 침술에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 침술이 인체에 작용하는 기전을 밝히려는 연구들이 진행되고 있데, 이와 더불어 통증 완화에 관여하는 침술의 기전을 밝히기 위해 많은노력이 경주되어 많은 사실이 밝혀져 있으나, 아직 불분명한 측면이 많다. 본고에서는 통증 억제에 대한 침술의 유용성 및 관련된 기전을 개관해 보고자 한다.

In the 2000s, the‘ Japanese Animation ’, called Anime and ‘Otaku Culture’ have received attention in the West contemporary art world. The exhibitions as <The contemporary art and anime> , <Super Flat> that the Japanese artist, Takashi Murakami whose works originated from the traditional Japanese art such as Ukiyoe of the Edo period curated, have been spotlighted in the West contemporary art world. Ukiyoe is, especially, woodblock print of Katsushika Hokusai who, a Japanese cartoonist and woodblock prints artist, influenced artists of the impressionism and Art Nouveaux in the context of Japonisme prevailed in America and Europe one hundred years ago. Ukiyoe, with the emphasis of the‘ f l a t n e ss ’of forms and colors, has also influenced Japanese animation and manga, and many contemporary artists have begun to use the style,‘ f l a t n e ss ’of new trend ‘Tokyo-Pop’, that Murakami re-created after pop art of the 1960s. But, this interactivity of animation and contemporary art seems to be more expanded in the digital media time. The style and form of animation have deeply influenced the new generation artists using digital media as video art. experimental film etc.. Furthermore, in the context of viewing and installation methods, the interactivity of them has been expanded to the realm of the film festivals and exhibitions as Senef, Resfest, Future Cinema exhibition of ZKM center in Germany, etc.. The purpose of this study stressing on the interactivity of animation and 영상예술연구_ 5호 contemporary art lies in the future study on the interactivity of animation, video art and cinema as digital media. Also, it is expected to map new discourse about the ‘artistic’positioning of animation as the popular culture, in animation studies of Korea.

IC-PBL(Industry Coupled Problem Based Learning) has been widely conducted in many higher education institutions, but there has been no standardized tool to measure its learning outcomes. In this paper, a tool to measure the learning outcomes of IC-PBL engineering education was developed through three Delphi surveys, a face validity test, and a survey of the education subjects. The developed tool of the learning outcome is composed of three key competencies: engineering problem solving, communication and collaboration, and self-leadership. The sub-competencies for engineering problem solving include engineering knowledge, data collection and analysis, creative engineering design, and application of tools and emerging technologies. For communication and collaboration, the sub-competencies are communication and teamwork. The sub-competencies for self-leadership include self-reflection and self-development. In total, eight sub-competencies have been identified, and the measurement items consist of 28 questions. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed measurement tool was verified by conducting a survey targeting a sample of students participating in the IC-PBL courses offered at the College of Engineering at Hanyang University ERICA. This study is significant in that it establishes validity and practical applicability as a learning outcome indicator for IC-PBL in engineering education.

본고의 목적은 히라타 오리자의 세 희곡, 과학하는 마음, 북방한계선의 원숭이, 발칸동물원을 리오타르의 포스트모던 과학관으로 분석하는 데 있다. 과학과 서사가 각기 독자적인 화용법의 규칙을 따른다고 주장하는 리오타르는 둘 사이의 공약 불가능한 평행성을 이야기한다. 히라타 오리자는 이러한 포스트모던의 세계에서 인간이 서사에 의지하는 양상을 짚어 낸다. 본고는 히라타 오리자의 희곡을 세 가지 측면에서 분석한다. 첫 번째는 거대 서사가 사라진 포스트모던의 세계에서, 방향을 잃고 발달하는 과학 기술 아래 인간이란 존재의 정체성을 규정하는 경계가 희미해지는 지점을 확인한다. 두 번째는 서사에 기대어 세계를 이해하는 인간의 특성으로 인해, 과학 지식과 서사 지식의 평행성이 끊임없이 희석되는 양상을 살펴본다. 끝으로 거대 서사가 사라지고 수행성의 최대화만으로 정당화되고 있는 세계를 향해, 개인이 스스로의 위로로 제기하는 작은 서사의 양상을 파악한다.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Hirata Oriza's three plays, "Scientific Minds," "Monkeys on the Northern Limit Line" and "Balkan Zoo" with Lyotard's postmodern scientific view. Liotar, who claims that science and narratives follow the rules of their own pragmatic use, talks about the incommensurable parallelism between the two. Hirata Oriza points out that humans rely on narratives in the postmodern world. This paper analyzes Hirata Oriza's plays in three aspects. First, in the postmodern world where the master narrative has disappeared, it identifies the point where the boundaries that define the identity of human beings under the lost and developing science technology are fading. Second, we look at the pattern in which the parallelism between scientific knowledge and narrative knowledge is constantly diluted due to the characteristics of humans who understand the world by leaning on narrative. Finally, the aspects of small narratives are idetified, raised by individuals to comfort themselves toward a world where the master narrative disappears and is justified only by maximizing performance.

Purpose: Neonatal nurses are expected to have clinical competency to provide qualified and safe care for high-risk infants. An educational intervention to enhance nurses' clinical competence is often a priority in the nursing field. This study was conducted to explore nurses' perceived importance and performance confidence of nursing care activities in neonatal intensive care units. Methods: One hundred forty-one neonatal nurses from seven hospitals across South Korea participated in the online survey study. The scale of neonatal nursing care activity consisted of 8 subdomains including professional practice (assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation, education, research, and leadership). The Importance-Performance Matrix was used to analyze the importance of and confident performance in each of the nursing subdomains. Results: Both importance and performance confidence increased as nurses' age (p=.042 and p<.001) and clinical experience (p=.004 and p<.001). Participants scored relatively higher in importance and performance confidence in the professional practice subdomains (assessment, intervention, evaluation), but scored lower in the education and research subdomains. Conclusion: To provide evidence-based nursing care for high-risk infants in neonatal intensive care units, educational interventions should be developed to support nurses based on the findings of the research.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a standardized educational program to improve nursing competency on newly graduated nurses in a children's hospital after developing and applying a pediatric nurse education program. The effectiveness of the program was confirmed by evaluating the clinical competency and field adaptation. Methods: In the first step, an education program was developed using the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) model. As a second step, a similar experimental study of a single group repeat measures design was conducted to evaluate the clinical competency and field adaptation over time after application of the program. Additionally, a focus group interviews were conducted to collect subjective data on the effects and improvement points of the program. Results: As a result of applying the program, there was a significant change in the clinical competence and the field adaptation of newly graduated nurses in a children's hospital. The categories derived from the focus group interviews were "getting special guidance," "better care," "becoming a nurse at a children's hospital" and "winning together." Conclusion: It was confirmed that the education program enhances the clinical competency of new nurses in children's hospitals. In addition, it provided the necessary data to understand the experiences of new nurses, help them adapt effectively, and establish appropriate interventions.

본 연구는 경상북도 봉화군에 위치하는 선달산(1,236 m)에 분포하는 관속식물을 밝히고 그들의 유용성을 파악하기 위하여 실시되었다. 2014년 4월부터 2020년 10월까지 총 20회에 걸쳐 조사된 식물은 확증표본을 기초로 할 때 총 96과 341속 562종 18아종 53변종 5품종 638분류군으로 확인되었다. 이 중 특산식물은 20분류군, 산림청 지정 희귀식물 중 멸종위기종 1분류군, 취약종 3분류군, 약관심종 9분류군, 식물구계학적 특정 식물 중 V등급이 1분류군, IV등급이 11분류군, III등급이 28분류군으로 확인되었다. 분류군의 유용성에 따른 구분에 의하면 식용 440종류, 약용 505종류, 향료용 19종류, 산업용 234종류, 관상용 335종류, 생태복원용 214종류, 사료/퇴비용 269종류로 나타났고, 이 외에 용도를 알 수 없는 식물이 30종류로 확인되었으며, 귀화식물은 30분류군으로 파악되었다.

This study was investigated to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their usefulness of Seondalsan Mountain (1,236 m) in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The surveys were carried out 20 times from April in 2014 to October in 2020. The vascular plants of Seondalsan Mountain was consisted a total of 638 taxa based on the voucher specimens; 96 families, 341 genera, 562 species, 18 subspecies, 53 varieties, 5 forms. 20 taxa of the Korean endemic plants were recorded and 1 taxa of Critically Endangered (CR), 3 taxa of Vulnerable (VU) and 9 taxa of Least Concern (LC), designated by Korean Forest Service as rare plants, were investigated in this region. Furthermore, V, IV and III degrees of floristic regional indicator plants, designated by the National Institute of Ecology, were included 1 taxa, 11 taxa and 28 taxa, respectively. Among them, edible, medicinal, fragrant, industrial, ornamental, ecological restoration, forage/compost plants were included 440 taxa, 505 taxa, 19 taxa, 234 taxa, 335 taxa, 214 taxa and 269 taxa respectively. In addition, 30 taxa of naturalized plants were observed.

이 연구는 산림복원사업 이후 유입되는 귀화식물과 생태계교란 식물의 실태 및 사업의 특성에 따라 나타나는 양상을 파악하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 현장조사는 산림청에서 수행한 산림복원사업지 29개소를 대상으로 2020년과 2021년 봄철(5~6월), 여름철(8~9월)로 나누어 연 2회 실시하였고, 사업 범위 밖의 지역은 조사에서 제외하여 실제 복원사업 후 도입 및 유입되었다고 볼 수 있는 식물을 파악할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 대상지 내 분포하는 귀화식물상과 복원사업 준공내역 확인을 통해 현장에 실제 적용된 공종과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 전체 대상지에서 출현한 귀화식물은 29과 80속 108종 1아종으로 109분류군이며, 생태계교란 식물은 총 3과 7속 8종이 확인되었다. 귀화식물의 분류군 수와 귀화율은 사업 후 소요시간이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하는 추세를 보였고, 귀화식물 분류군 수와 귀화율은 권역 간 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나(p>0.05), 훼손 유형별 귀화식물 분류군 수의 경우 백두대간 단절 구간과 채석지, 시설부지 등의 유형에서 출현한 귀화식물 수가 상대적으로 많았다(p<0.05). 복원지 내 나지 및 비탈면의 녹화를 위한 식생도입 방법인 종자 파종, 나무 식재, 초본 식재, 떼붙임 공종의 유무에 따른 귀화율 비교 분석 결과, 종자파종을 할 경우 귀화율은 평균 15.545%로 파종 공종이 없는 경우의 평균 9.167%에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났고(p<0.05), 그 외 다른 식생도입 방법은 공종 적용 유무에 따라 귀화율의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 이는 식물체의 형태를 확인하고 어느 정도 제어할 수 있는 나무 식재와 초본 식재, 떼붙임 공종과는 달리 종자 상태에서 귀화식물 여부의 파악이 까다로운 종자 파종 공종이 산림복원사업지 내 귀화식물 도입에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 복원지 내 종자 파종 시 종자 전문가에 의한 검수 과정의 도입이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이 연구의 결과는 향후 산림복원사업 시 식생 도입 및 사후관리의 방향설정에 도움이 되는 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was designed to identify the actual state of naturalized plants and invasive alien species that cause disturbances to the ecosystem, plants which are introduced after forest restoration, and explore the implications resulting from the project. Onsite examination included 29 sites which have been subjected to forest restoration by the Korea Forest Service. Once these were chosen, activity took place twice a year in the spring (May-June) and in the summer (August-September) in 2020 and 2021. Areas not relevant to the project sites were excluded from this activity so that we could identify the plants that could be understood to have been introduced or brought into the site after the actual forest restoration. And the correlation was analyzed, between the naturalized flora within the project sites and the working types applied to the site through confirmation of completion of the restoration project. The naturalized plants appearing on the entire site cover a total of 109 taxa, which includes 29 families, 80 genera, 108 species and 1 subspecies, while invasive plants included 3 families, 7 genera and 8 species. The number of classifications and the naturalization rate gradually decreased over time, after the project. While there was no significant difference between the number of classification groups and the naturalization rate for naturalized plants between project sites, given the number of taxa of naturalized plants, organized by type of damage, there were relatively more naturalized plants that appeared in the severed section of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, as well as at quarry and facility sites. Seeding apparently results in naturalization rates as high as 15.545%, on average, based on comparisons of naturalization rates by sowing, seeding, planting, herb planting, and sod pitching channels, all of these being methods of vegetation for planting/greening of bareland and slopes within the project areas. With no seeding, it was 9.167%, higher than the average. As for other vegetation, there was no significant difference depending on application of the working type. This means that unlike the plants subjected to planting, the working type of seed planting which makes it difficult to identify whether a certain plant is a naturalized plant greatly affects the introduction of naturalized plants to the restoration sites, even when using herb planting and sod pitching to control plants and results. Therefore the study suggests that there be inspection by experts of seeds when sowing within restoration sites. The results of this study suggest good practices that will help to direct effective vegetation restoration and follow-up management.

GEMS의 복사 실측 자료로부터 일산화브로민(BrO) 전량 농도를 산출하기에 앞서, 복사전달모델로부터 생성된 모의자료를 이용하여 민감도 시험을 수행하였다. 산출 오차가 갖는 월간 및 일내 변동성을 고려하기 위해, 2013년 7월-2014년 6월 기간 매달 첫째 날의 00-07 UTC에 대해 한 시간 간격의 모의자료를 구성하였다. 최적추정법을 통해 계산된 산출물의 해답 오차는 대기질량인자 증가에 따라 감소하는 반비례 경향을 주로 보였지만, 대기질량인자 값이 5 이상으로 크게 나타나는 범위에서는 비례 경향을 보였다. BrO와 포름알데히드(HCHO) 흡수선 간의 중첩으로 인해 발생하는 BrO 산출물의 간섭 오차는 BrO의 대기질량인자가 작을수록 크게 나타났다. 해답 오차와 간섭 오차의 추정치를 결합하여 계산한 산출물 최종 오차의 평균값은 모든 데이터 샘플에 대해 26.74±30.18%로, 80° 이상의 태양천정각을 갖는 샘플에 대해 60.39±133.78%로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 고려되지 않은 간섭 스펙트럼 및 복사 측정의 오차로 인해, 실제 GEMS의 BrO 산출물이 갖게 될 오차는 추정치와 절대값의 차이를 나타낼 가능성이 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제시한 오차 요소들의 변동 특성들은 실제 산출물에서도 나타날 것이다.

To estimate errors in GEMS retrievals for bromine monoxide (BrO) total vertical column densities(VCDs), we perform a sensitivity test using synthetic spectra generated by a radiative transfer model. Hourly synthetic data are produced for 00-07 UTC on the first day of every month in Jul 2013- Jun 2014. Solution errors estimated by the optimal estimation method tend to decrease with increasing air mass factors (AMFs) but increase when AMFs are larger than 5. Interference errors induced by formaldehyde (HCHO) absorption appear to be larger with smaller BrO AMFs. Total BrO retrieval errors estimated by combining solution and interference errors show an average of 26.74±30.18% for all data samples and 60.39±133.78% for those with solar zenith angles higher than 80°. Due to interfering spectral features and measurement errors not considered in thisstudy, errorsin BrO retrievals from actual GEMS measurements may have different magnitudes from our estimates. However, the variability of errors assessed in this study is still expected to appear in the actual BrO retrievals.

본 연구는 백두대간 지리산권역 내 훼손지의 유형을 분류하고, 각 훼손 유형별 실태조사를 통해 훼손 정도를 파악하여 훼손지의 복원 방향을 제시하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 수행되었다. 지리산권역의 훼손실태를 분석한 결과 전체 훼손지의 패치 수는 57개로 확인되었고, 평균고도가 낮고 경사가 완만한 지역일수록 훼손지의 패치 수 및 훼손 면적이 더 넓게 나타났다. 훼손 유형은 초지(폐경지)와 경작지의 비율이 높게 나타나 농업적 토지이용이 주요 훼손 요인으로 분석되었다. 이 중 14개소의 훼손지를 대상으로 실태조사를 수행한 결과, 훼손 유형은 초지, 경작지, 복원지, 벌채지 및 나지로 분류되었다. 각 유형별 교란정도(일년초 및 이년초의 비율, 도시화지수, 교란율)를 분석한 결과, 초지 및 경작지에서는 대부분 초본류로만 구성된 1층 구조의 단순한 식생구조와 교란정도가 높게 나타났다. 소나무 유묘가 다수 식재된 복원지의 경우 2층 구조의 식생구조가 나타났고, 복원사업으로 인한 교란과 인근의 등산로로 인해 귀화식물의 유입이 다른 훼손지에 비해 특히 높게 나타났다. 나지의 경우 고도가 높아 귀화식물의 유입은 낮았지만, 일년초와 이년초의 비율이 높게 나타나 조사된 모든 유형의 훼손지는 천이 초기단계로 판단되었다. 훼손 유형별 군락을 서열화한 결과, I 축상의 복원지, 경작지, 초지, 벌채지 및 나지 순으로 나타나 훼손 유형별로 구분되어 배열되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 훼손 유형별 조사지와 참조생태계의 군락을 서열화한 결과, 종조성의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이처럼 생태적 복원 절차에 따라 식생정보에 기초한 훼손 유형별 실태를 진단하고, 진단 결과와 함께 참조생태계와의 종조성의 차이를 확인함으로써 향후 복원 목표 및 복원 방향 설정의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to classify the types of degraded areas of Mt. Jirisan section in Baekdudaegan and survey the actual condition of each damage type to use it as basic data for the direction of the restoration of damaged areas according to damage type based on the vegetation information of reference ecosystem. The analysis of the Mt. Jirisan section's actual degraded conditions showed that the total number of patches of degraded areas was 57, and the number of patches and size of degraded areas was higher at the low average altitude and gentle slope. Grasslands (deserted lands) and cultivated areas accounted for a high portion of the damage types, indicating that agricultural land use was a major damage factor. The survey on the conditions of 14 degraded areas showed that the types of damage were classified into the grassland, cultivated area, restoration area, logged-off land, and bare ground. The analysis of the degree of disturbance (the ratio of annual and biennial herb, urbanized index, and disturbance index) by each type showed that the simple single-layer vegetation structure mostly composed of the herbaceous and the degree of disturbance were high in the grassland and cultivated land. The double-layer vegetation structure appeared in the restoration area where the pine seedlings were planted, and the inflow of naturalized plants was especially high compared to other degraded areas due to disturbances caused by the restoration project and the nearby hiking trails. Although the inflow of naturalized plants was low because of high altitude in bare ground, the proportion of annual and biennial herb was high, indicating that all surveyed degraded areas were in early succession stages. The stand ordination by type of damage showed the restoration area on the I-axis, cultivated area, grassland, logged-off land, and bare ground in that order, indicating the arrangement by the damage type. Moreover, the stand ordination of the degraded areas and reference ecosystem based on floristic variation showed a clear difference in species composition. This study diagnosed the status of each damage type based on the reference ecosystem information according to the ecological restoration procedure and confirmed the difference in species composition between the diagnosis result and the reference ecosystem. These findings can be useful basic data for establishing the restoration goal and direction in the future.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of colleges implementing the accelerated second-degree bachelor of science in nursing program in South Korea and provide insight into strategies to improve the program outcomes. Methods: An on-line questionnaire developed for this study was emailed to deans of nursing colleges who were members of the Korean Association of College of Nursing. Questions included items related to nursing college, students, curriculum, and anticipated difficulty in relation to an increase of the number of second-degree students. Results: Out of 117 nursing schools, 33 schools (28.2%) participated in the on-line survey. The actual number of second-degree students and their ratio (about 10%) to regular students significantly increased in 2019. Male students were enrolled nearly twice as many times as regular students. Among the anticipated difficulties, clinical practice institutions (3.94) and clinical practice instructors (3.73) showed relatively higher scores than other difficulties such as teaching (3.58) and education facilities (3.30). Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of nursing education for second-degree students, more nursing faculties and innovative clinical practice support systems are needed. Future study is warranted to investigate the educational experience of second-degree students and graduates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the profile of graduates from accelerated second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs and to analyze the relative efficiency of nursing colleges using data envelopment analysis. Methods: An online survey link was emailed to the deans of nursing colleges, who were then asked to send the link to graduates of the respective colleges. The survey questionnaire included demographics, reasons for applying to the accelerated second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing program, employment after graduation, and nursing career satisfaction. Results: Sixty-two graduates of the accelerated second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing program responded to the survey. The mean age at admission was 24.28 (± 3.01) years. Reasons for applying to the accelerated second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing program were primarily increasing job security and using it as a stepping stone to another career. Nursing career job satisfaction was 4.81 (± 1.07) and more than 82% recommended this program. The data envelopment analysis found the average efficiency score to be 0.84 (± 0.20) and 4 nursing colleges to be relatively efficient. Conclusion: The accelerated second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing program can be considered to be an effective means to produce quality nurses with non-nursing bachelor degrees in a short time; however, outcomes of this program need to be systematically monitored to maintain quality level. Through this, competent nurses with knowledge of adjacent studies will be added to the nursing workforce.

미래의 안정적인 천연가스 수급을 위해서는 사전에 정확한 수요행태를 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 공급 물량을 확보하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문은 향후 국내 천연가스 수요 증가의 핵심인 산업용 도시가스의 수요함수 추정 방법론을 제안하여 보다 정확하게 국내 천연가스 수요 특성을 파악하고 안정적인 공급계획 수립에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 국내 304개 산업체의 횡단면 자료를 활용하여 산업용 도시가스 수요함수를 추정하였고, 도시가스 가격, 산업체 매출 이외에 자본투자, 제조원가 등 산업체의 운영 특수성이 수요에 미치는 영향을 도출하였다. 최종적으로 특이치에 강건하고, 오차항의 동분산 및 정규성을 가정하지 않는 최소절대편차추정법을 선택하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 추가로 산업용 도시가스의 가격탄력성 값을 활용하여 산업용 도시가스의 경제적 가치를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 산업체에 도시가스를 확대 공급하는 것이 국가 차원에서 이득이 되는 것으로 나타났으며, 따라서 정부는 산업용 도시가스 지원 정책을 통해 보급 확대를 추진할 필요가 있다.

In order to supply stable natural gas in the future, it is necessary to forecast the demand in advance and secure the quantity of supply. In this paper, we propose a method of estimating the demand function of industrial natural gas, which is the core of the increase of domestic natural gas demand in the future. The cross-sectional data of 304 domestic industries were used to estimate the demand function of the industrial natural gas, and the effect of industry specific characteristics such as capital investment, manufacturing cost. Finally, the least absolute deviation estimation method which is robust to outliers and does not assume the homogeneity of the error term and the normality, And the results were derived. In addition, the economic value of industrial city gas was estimated using the price elasticity of industrial city gas. Therefore, it can be seen that the continuous expansion and supply of city gas to the industrial sector is beneficial at the national level, and the government needs to promote expansion through the industrial city gas support policy.

당뇨병은 치매 및 인지기능장애의 주요 위험인자로 알려져 있다. 당뇨병성 말초신경병증은 제2형 당뇨병에서 가장 흔히 발생되는 합병증으로 본 연구는 말초신경병과 인지기능항복 간의 관련성을 확인하기 위함이었다. 2005년부터 2016년 10월 31일까지 동아대학교의료원에 내원한 제2형 당뇨병 환자들을 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록지를 확인하여 신경전도검사와 신경인지기능검사를 시행한 환자 총 19명을 대상으로 하였다. 총 19명 대상환자의 평균 나이는 71.6±5.0세, 당뇨병 유병기간은 8.4±9.1년, 당화혈색소는 8.1±1.8%였다. 당뇨병성 말초신경병증이 동반된 환자는 전체 19명 중 7명(36.8%)이었다. Korean version of the Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) 검사 결과 총점 24점 미만으로 정의한 인지기능저하를 동반한 환자는 19명 중 8명(42.1%)였다. 당뇨병성 말초신경병증 동반 군과 동반하지 않은 군 간에 K-MMSE 점수와 인지기능저하 동반율은 차이가 없었다. 인지기능저하 동반군과 동반하지 않은 군 간에 DPN 동반 비율도 각각 37.5%와 36.4%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 인지기능항목과 유의한 상관관계를 보인 변수는 교육 기간이었으며, 교육기간이 길수록 높은 인지기능과 관련이 있었다. 인지항목 중 digit span-forward 만이 신경전도속도(CV)와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론적으로 제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 교육기간이 길수록 높은 인지기능과 관련이 있었으며, 당뇨병성말초신경병증과 인지기능장애 간에는 유의한 상관 관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 향후 더 큰 규모의 전향적 연구가 필요하다.

Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment. Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most prevalent microvascular complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy and cognitive factors in T2DM patients. Retrospective chart review of type 2 diabetic patients with results of a nerve conduction study (NCS) and a neurocognitive study. A total of 19 patients were included. DPN was defined using data from a nerve conduction study: a score of less than 24 in the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) was considered as an indicator of cognitive impairment (CI). The mean age of the 19 patients was 71.6±5.0 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.4±9.1 years, and the mean HbA1c level was 8.1±1.8%. DPN was present in 7 of the 19 patients. Based on the K-MMSE score, CI was diagnosed in eight patients. The mean K-MMSE scores and the prevalence of CI was not different between the groups with and without DPN. There was no significant difference in DPN prevalence between the groups with and without CI. Education was significantly correlated with cognitive factors. Only the digit span-forward among the cognitive factors showed a significant negative correlation with nerve conduction velocity. In conclusion, the longer education period was associated with higher cognitive function and no significant correlation was observed between diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. Further prospective research is needed in the future.