Earticle

Since the P2P techniques have been introduced, it has taken almost 40% of total Internet traffic[1]. Furthermore, P2P traffic has unpredictable pattern. This makes it hard to deal with the traffic by ISP. In order to solve this problem, P4P[2] consortium has introduced some cooperation mechanism and they are working on making standard in IETF ALTO WG[3]. By the way, P2P is very efficient on distributing massive volume of data for large number of receivers. Especially, the throughput of overlay network increase proportional to the number of user. In ISO/IEC, there have been standardization activities for solving the problems and using advantages of P2P network by providing manageability to existing P2P application. The ISO/IEC TR 20002 is currently in the stage of ISO/IEC DTR (Draft technical report) ballot process. If the DTR ballot is successfully completed, ISO/IEC TR 20002 is expected to be published in June 2012. This paper summarizes the recent standardization activities in ISO/IEC JTC1 SC6/WG7.

현재 인터넷 네트워크의 발달로 인하여 기존의 고정형 디스플레이 장비와 전용채널을 통해 미디어 콘텐트를 전송 및 소비하는 형태에서 벗어나, 웹 표준 프로토콜인 HTTP(hypertext transfer protocol)망을 이용하여 미디어 콘텐트를 전송하는 방식이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이에 따라 최근에는 HTTP프로토콜의 장점과 스트리밍 방식의 장점을 살린 전송기술 방식으로써, HTTP 기반 적응적 스트리밍 기술이 등장하게 되었다. 이러한 기술은 현재 국제 표준화단체인 MPEG(Moving picture expert group)에서 DASH(Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP)라는 이름으로 표준화가 진행 중에 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 HTTP기반의 적응적 스트리밍 기술인 DASH의 개발 배경 및 DASH를 구성하고 있는 주요 기술에 관하여 소개한다. DASH 기술을 통하여 사용자는 과거의 제약에서 벗어나 유동적인 인터넷 환경에서 자신들이 소유하고 있는 다양한 단말을 이용하여 언제 어디서나 손쉽게 미디어 콘텐트를 소비할 수 있게 된다.

This paper introduces a new Recommendation ITU-T Y.3021 “Framework of energy saving for Future Networks” [1], which was consented at the ITU-T SG13 meeting in October 2011. The paper first describes the need for energy saving of networks themselves, and reviews potential technologies. The paper then identifies major functions and their cyclic interactions, analyses possible impacts of introducing the technologies, and itemises the high level requirements for introducing the technologies.

IEEE P1903 is working on service overlay networks and has published a standard of functional architecture of next generation service overlay networks (NGSON) on October 2011. The main goal of this standard is to provide a framework of Internet Protocol (IP)-based service overlay networks and specify context-aware, dynamically adaptive, and self-organizing networking capabilities, including advanced routing and forwarding schemes, and that are independent of underlying transport networks. This article summarizes the functional architecture of NGSON. It defines a set of functional entities that provide specific functions to support service overlay networks.

As e-navigation is developed by IMO (International Maritime Organization), more technical developments are also pushing developments in the direction of more integrated shipborne systems. Virtually all manufacturers of bridge equipment have their own proprietary network solutions, normally based on Ethernet, that are able to handle many of the integration requirements. However, standards are needed for efficient interfacing between different manufacturers’ equipment and will also be beneficial where incremental improvement or refurbishment of navigation components is an issue. Recently the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) published new IEC 61162-450 standard on ship data networks. This is an Ethernet based network specification with a relatively low level of protocol complexity which satisfies specific requirements from the ship equipment industry. This paper briefly introduces a new Ethernet-based shipborne interface technology which transports both NMEA sentences and binary image data such as Radar images.