Earticle

In general, in patients with radiating pain, nerve root compression is suspected, and the cause has been treated under the diagnosis of a herniated lumbar disc or spinal stenosis. However, inflammation around the nerve root alone can stimulate the nerve root by inflammatory cytokines, resulting in radiculopathy. In this case report, we report radiculopathy in a patient diagnosed with spondylolysis without disc degenerative change or protrusion. Also, the pathogenesis of low back pain and radiating pain is reviewed through literature.

Background/Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate pro-inflammatory cytokine production inhibitory effects using broccoli extract. Methods/Statistical analysis: Thus, This paper was carried out to see the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine ,TNF-α and IL-6 using the macrophages of LPS-treated mice. The cytotoxicity test was used 96 AQueous One solution cell proliferation assay. NO was measured using NO Detection Kit, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine was measured using ELISA kit. Findings: As a result, broccoli extract had no cytotoxicity at 10ug/mL to 1,000 ug/mL and significantly inhibited the production of NO as well as TNF-α and IL-6 which are pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the RAW 264.7 macrpphage cells, Pro-inflammatory cytokine production inhibitory effects are likely to be diversely utilized as basic physiological activity data and functional materials to demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties of broccoli extract.Improvements/Applications: In conclusion, this study can be used to a basic data to objectively demonstrate the physiological activity of immunological mechanism associated with the anti-inflammatory action of broccoli extract. However, in-depth research on anti-inflammatory is needed.

The importance of the concept of hospice caring on nursing and philosophical study has been highlighted as ways of preserving human dignity and on the deathbed have emerged as major social issues. This study is a qualitative research process of a philosophical research approach. First, the concept of five stages of death of Kubler Ross, the founder of life and death, was used. Second, this study used the concept of death of Nietzsche, a philosopher of life who valued life on earth as a world of becoming rather than being. Third, this study tried to apply the philosophical concept of the religious philosopher Stein to hospice care. Hospice philosophical exploration is necessary as a holistic concept of the finite human being, viewed from both the nursing and philosophical aspects. The need for research on hospice care in a general ward is raised even if it is somewhat cumbersome to eliminate the hospice ward. The hospice ward is a place where the end of life is decided and reality, so from the perspective of the dying patient, it can be negative rather than positive.

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate how much the health status and health promotion behavior affect the life satisfaction and depression of the low economic elderly. Methods/Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation test, and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the data using SPSS 20.0. Findings: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed negative correlation between health promotion behavior, health status, Regular Diet and depression. The health promotion behavior and life satisfaction had a positive correlation. Depression and life satisfaction had a strong negative correlation. increase The experience of alcoholic drinking influenced to depression level and the light physical activity to decrease. Of health status, better subjective health status and of social demographic features, the low monthly income influenced to increase depression. The experience of smoking influenced to increase life satisfaction, and the light physical activity such as walking too. Of social demographic features, the better monthly income influenced to increase life satisfaction. Improvements/Applications: These results will be used as materials for the improvement of the life satisfaction and depression of the elderly.