Earticle

Species diversity is one of the most important indices that used to evaluate the sustainability of forest communities. In the present study, three variables including number of individuals (frequency of species), basal area and volume of tree species were compared to estimate tree species diversity in broadleaves forests of Iran. Based on systematic random design, 30 plots (circle plot, 1000 m2) was selected. Type of species, number of species, DBH and height of trees were measured. Simpson (1-D), Hill (N2), Shannon-Wiener (H’), Mc Arthur (N1), Smith-Wilson (Evar) and Margalef (R1) indices used to estimate tree species diversity. Species diversity was calculated in each plot. ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between of three variables used for estimation of species diversity. Number of trees variable has more precision than basal area and volume variables to estimate of species diversity. But Duncan test revealed that there were significant difference between of basal area and volume variables with number of trees. Therefore, basal area and volume variables were selected as more suitable variables in order to estimate of biodiversity indices in northern forests of Iran.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide a trend analysis of the prevalence of diabetes relative to the socioeconomic, lifestyle, and physiologic risk factors among Korean adults aged over 30 years for a 10-year period using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Prevalence difference and the slope index of inequality were calculated for each risk factors using binomial regression by considering the repeated cross-sectional features of the data. The prevalence ratio and the relative index of inequality were calculated using log-binomial regression. Linear trend tests were performed using SAS 9.2. Results: Crude prevalence of diabetes increased over the 10-year period, and was higher for men than for women. It was very high for adults 60 years or over, consistently increasing over time. The prevalence among unemployed men, women with higher level of stress, women with hypertension, and adults with serum triglyceride levels over 135 mg/dL increased over the 10-year period in comparison with the respective control group. Conclusion: Considering the rapid economic development and associated lifestyle changes in Korea, action should be taken to control the prevalence of diabetes by both preventing and consistently monitoring these identified risk factors using a public-health approach.

Purpose: This study investigated the incidence and risk factors of cataract in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) using data from Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods: Data from a total of 329 patients with type 2 DM without cataract who participated in Ansan cohort of the KoGES from baseline survey (2001-2002) to fifth follow-up visit (2011-2012) were examined. The characteristics of the subjects were analyzed with frequency and percentage, and mean and standard deviation. Cataract incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%). For risk factors of cataract, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: The cataract incidence over a 10-year follow-up period was 19.1% (15.1 in males and 25.8 in females), and mean age at the incidence of cataract was 63.48 years (61.58 years in males and 65.31 years in females). Age (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.05-1.13) and HbA1c (HR=1.21, 95% CI=1.07-1.37) or the duration of DM (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.00-1.09) were found to be independently associated with cataract development. Conclusion: Cataract development in people with DM is common, and its likelihood increases with age, HbA1c, and the duration of DM. Considering negative effect of cataract on their quality of life and economic burden, nurses should identify people with DM at a higher risk of cataract development, and plan individual eye examination programs to detect cataract development as early as possible.

Purpose: This study examined the associations between fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine, and depression among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from the second year (2020) of the eighth KNHANES. Adults diagnosed with T2DM were included. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Complex-sample analyses were applied to account for the survey design, and hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between glycemic indices reflecting different temporal windows and depression.Results: Depression was not significantly associated with FBG. In contrast, depression prevalence was significantly higher among participants with normal fructosamine levels, whereas it was significantly lower among those with normal HbA1c levels. Younger age and smoking were associated with higher odds of depression, while cohabitation and employment were associated with lower odds.Conclusion: Among adults with T2DM, glycemic indices representing different time frames demonstrated distinct associations with depression. Long-term glycemic control, as indicated by HbA1c, was associated with lower odds of depression, whereas intermediate-term glycemic control, reflected by fructosamine, showed an opposite association. These findings underscore the importance of considering the temporal characteristics of glycemic markers when interpreting their relationships with depression and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify underlying mechanisms.

본 연구는 2024년 지역사회건강조사 자료를 활용하여 노인의 가구유형별 건강생활습관(신체활동, 구강 건강)과 정신건강이 건강 관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 만 65세 이상 노인 83,665명이며, 복합표본 일반선형모형을 이용하여 변인 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 독거 노인보다 동거인이 있는 노인의 삶의 질이 유의하게 높았으며, 매일 걷기를 실천하고 저작불편감이 없는 경우 삶의 질이 크게 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 우울감과 스트레스 인지 정도는 노인의 삶의 질을 저하시키는 가장 결정적인 심리적 저해 요인으로 확인되었다. 특히 구강건강 문제와 정신건강 악화는 노인의 일상적인 사회 활동을 제약함으로써 심리적 고립감을 심화시키고 전반적인 행복감을 낮추는 주요 기제로 작용하였다. 이러한 결과는 노인의 신체 기능 저하가 정서적 위축으로 이어지는 악순환을 방지하기 위한 통합적 관리가 필요함을 시사한다. 결론적으로 가구 형태별 특성을 반영한 맞춤형 돌봄 체계 구축과 함께 지역사회 차원의 통합적 보건 프로그램 개발이 시급히 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

This study examined factors influencing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults in Korea by analyzing household type, health lifestyles (physical activity, oral health), and mental health using data from the 2024 Korea Community Health Survey (KCHS). A secondary data analysis was performed using the 2024 KCHS dataset. A total of 83,665 adults aged 65 years and older were included. Complex sample general linear modeling was used to identify factors associated with HRQoL. The mean EQ-5D score was 0.85. Living with others, engaging in daily walking (physical activity), and having no chewing discomfort (oral health) were significantly associated with higher HRQoL. Conversely, depression and high stress levels were strong predictors of lower quality of life. HRQoL among older adults is influenced by multiple factors including household type, physical activity, oral health, and mental health. Integrated interventions targeting walking, oral care, and mental health management are essential, especially for those living alone.

광고시장은 매체의 변화에 크게 영향을 받는 산업이다. 대표적인 광고 매체인 TV는 디지털방송이 정착되면서 수동적인 콘텐츠 소비 매체에서 방송프로그램뿐만 아니라 다양한 데이터서비스들을 운영할 수 있는 플랫폼으로 발전하였다. 이런 변화는 시청자가 광고를 포함한 TV 콘텐츠를 능동적으로 소비할 수 있는 환경이 조성되었음을 의미하기 때문에 방송 산업은 광고 시장과 데이터서비스를 연계한 성장 전략을 고민할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 10초 이내라는 짧은 광고 시간과 TV 화면의 1/4 미만이라는 부족한 공간의 문제를 갖고 있는 ID 광고의 부가정보를 제공하는 디지털방송 데이터서비스를 설계하였다. 구체적으로, 데이터서비스의 사용자 시나리오와 인터페이스를 설계하고, ID 광고의 유형과 유형별 부가정보를 정의하여 그 부가정보를 데이터서비스에 공급하는 국제 디지털방송 표준 DVB 기반의 방법을 개발하였다.

The advertisement market is an industry that is heavily influenced by media changes. As the digital broadcasting has settled, TV, a typical advertisement medium, has evolved from a passive content consuming medium into a platform for operating various data services as well as broadcasting programs. These changes mean that viewers are able to actively consume TV contents including advertisement, so the broadcasting industry needs to consider about the growth strategies that link the advertisement market with data services. This study designed a digital broadcasting data service that provides supplementary information of ID advertisement with short exposure time (less than 10 seconds) and insufficient space (less than 1/4 of TV screen). Specifically, we designed the user scenario and user interface of the data service, defined representative types of ID advertisement and the supplementary information for each type, developed a method, based on the international digital broadcasting standard DVB, for providing the supplementary information to the data service.

The paper proposes the misuse types of statistical quality tools according to the kind of data and the number of population in DMAIC process of six sigma. The result presented in this paper can be extended to the QC story 15 steps of QC circle. The study also provides the improvement methods about control chart, measurement system analysis, statistical difference, and practical equivalence.

한국어 단어는 어원에 따라 한자어, 고유어, 외래어로 어종이 구별되는데, 한자어는 대체로 몇 개의 형태소로 구성되지만, 고유어는 형태소의 개수에 따라 단일어와 다형태소 단어로 구분될 수 있다. 선행연구(신명석, 박창호, 2023)는 두 글자 한글 단어에서 글자 변인(글자 빈도, 모음 방향, 받침 유무)이 어휘판단시간에 영향을 준다는 것을 보였는데, 본 연구는 글자 변인의 효과가 어종에 따라 다른지를 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 KLP(이광오 등, 2017)의 어휘판단시간 자료를 단어 길이(2, 3, 4음절)와 어종(3가지)별로 나누고, 고유어는 형태소 수에 따라 단일어와 다형태소 단어로 구분하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과 두 글자 한자어는 첫째 글자의 빈도와 둘째 글자의 빈도가 증가할수록 어휘판단시간이 증가하였으며, 첫째 글자에 받침이 있을 때 어휘판단시간이 길어졌다. 두 글자 고유어는 다형태소 단어에서만 첫째 글자의 빈도가 증가할수록 어휘판단시간이 증가하였다. 두 글자 외래어는 둘째 글자의 빈도가 증가할수록 어휘판단시간이 증가하였다. 세 글자와 네 글자 단어에서는 어종별 글자 변인의 효과가 분명하지 않았으며, 세 글자와 네 글자 고유어에서는 단일어와 다형태소 단어의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 어종에 따라서 단어의 처리가 달라질 수 있고, 특히 두 글자 단일어와 다형태소 단어의 처리가 다를 가능성을 시사한다.

Korean words are classified into three types based on their origin: Sino-Korean words, native words, and loanwords. While most Sino-Korean words consist of multiple morphemes, native words can be further categorized into monomorphemic words and polymorphemic words, depending on their morphological structure. Previous research (Shin & Park, 2023) has shown that various letter characteristics (such as letter frequency, vowel direction, and the presence of final consonants) affect lexical decision times for two-syllable Hangul words. The present study aims to investigate whether the effects of letter variables differ according to word type. To explore this, lexical decision time data from KLP (Yi et al., 2017) were analyzed, by categorizing words based on word length (2, 3, and 4 syllables) and word type (three origins). Native words were further classified as either monomorphemic or polymorphemic, based on the number of morphemes. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that for two-syllable Sino-Korean words, lexical decision time tended to increase with the frequency of both the first and second letters, and it was longer when the first letter contained a final consonant. For two-syllable native words, lexical decision time only increased with the frequency of the first letter, but this effect was observed exclusively in polymorphemic words. In contrast, for two-syllable loanwords, lexical decision time increased with the frequency of the second letter. For three-syllable and four-syllable words, the effects of letter variables were less pronounced, and no significant difference was found between monomorphemic and polymorphemic native words. These findings suggest that word processing may vary depending on the word type, particularly indicating that the processing of two-syllable monomorphemic words and polymorphemic words may differ.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic data for policies related to the classification of long-term care hospitals admitting the elderly, according to receipt or otherwise of specialized rehabilitation treatment, and to analyze the status and characteristics of medical use. Methods: The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service 2018 Elderly Patient Data was used to analyze 33,821 inpatients who had applied for the daily flat-rate system for long-term care hospitals. Results: The ratio of the paralysis group, cerebrovascular disease group, and musculo-skeletal system group was higher for the rehabilitative long-term care hospital, and the ratios of medical high, medical middle, physical function low, fee-for-service, and medical low groups were also higher than those of general long-term care hospitals. The long-term hospitalization rates were low for patients admitted to rehabilitative long-term care hospitals. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish policies so that patients in need of specialized rehabilitation treatment are not admitted to general long-term care hospitals, which delays their recovery.

We developed the memory storage type instrumentation device for measuring trajectory of small flying object. The instrumentation device is small enough to install into the flying object and has a 6-axis MEMS sensor and 3 AD channels for measuring flying data of object. In this paper, we specially focused on the measuring of flying trajectory of the sabot using developed device. The sabot which supports missile during carriage breaks away from missile by mechanical and aerodynamic force when missile gets out of canister. The flying trajectory of sabot should be designed not to collide with any equipments around the launcher. In order to find out the flying trajectory of sabot, the developed instrumentation device was adopted in experiment. We have proved effectiveness of the developed instrumentation device by comparing acquired results using the hi-speed camera.

본 연구에서는 위성 기반 재분석 강수 자료인 PERSIANN-CCS-CDR (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System-Climate Data Record)을 이용하여 한반도에 대한 격자형 확률강수량을 산정하였다. 고려된 기간은 1983년부터 2020년까지 총 38개년이다. 사용된 자료의 공간해상도는 0.04°이며, 시간해상도는 3시간이다. 확률분포로는 빈도해석을 위해 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 Gumbel 분포를 사용하였으며, 매개변수 추정을 위해 확률가중모멘트법을 적용하였다. 지속기간은 3시간부터 144시간 까지, 재현기간은 2년부터 500년까지가 고려되었다. 이러한 방식으로 산정된 결과를 지상우량계인 ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) 기상관측소의 강수 자료를 활용하여 산정된 확률강수량과 비교·검토하였다. 그 결과, PERSIANN-CCS-CDR 자료로부터 산정된 Gumbel 분포의 매개변수들은 지속기간이 증가함에 따라 ASOS의 결과들과 유사한 양상을 보였으며 이를 토대로 얻어진 확률강수량은 지속기간이 짧은 경우 다소 큰 차이를 보였으나, 지속기간이 18 h 이상인 경우 그 차이는 약 20% 이내로 감소함을 확인하였다. 추가적으로, 남북한 차이를 살펴보았으며 Gumbel 분포 매개변수들 중 위치 매개변수의 차이가 두드러지게 나타남을 확인하였다. 지속기간의 증가에 따른 북한의 확률강수량이 상대적으로 작게 나타났으며, 지속기간 3 h 기준 남한의 84%, 지속기간 144 h 기준 70~75% 수준인 것으로 확인되었다.

This study estimated the grid-type precipitation quantile for the Korean Peninsula using PERSIANN-CCS-CDR (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System-Climate Data Record), a satellite based re-analysis precipitation data. The period considered is a total of 38 years from 1983 to 2020. The spatial resolution of the data is 0.04° and the temporal resolution is 3 hours. For the probability distribution, the Gumbel distribution which is generally used for frequency analysis was used, and the probability weighted moment method was applied to estimate parameters. The duration ranged from 3 hours to 144 hours, and the return period from 2 years to 500 years was considered. The results were compared and reviewed with the estimated precipitation quantile using precipitation data from the Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS) weather station. As a result, the parameter estimates of the Gumbel distribution from the PERSIANN-CCS-CDR showed a similar pattern to the results of the ASOS as the duration increased, and the estimates of precipitation quantiles showed a rather large difference when the duration was short. However, when the duration was 18 h or longer, the difference decreased to less than about 20%. In addition, the difference between results of the South and North Korea was examined, it was confirmed that the location parameters among parameters of the Gumbel distribution was markedly different. As the duration increased, the precipitation quantile in North Korea was relatively smaller than those in South Korea, and it was 84% of that of South Korea for a duration of 3 h, and 70-75% of that of South Korea for a duration of 144 h.

Purpose: Identify the cluster-type risk factors when disease occurs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and examine the impact of the cluster-type on adverse clinical prognosis in CAD patients. Methods: Secondary data analysis was utilized with data collected from electronic medical records of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention in a university hospital from 2011 to 2015 and who were on an outpatient follow-up visit as of January 2020. The K-means cluster analysis was performed on seven cardiovascular risk factors. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), including hospitalization due to restenosis or cardiac-related death, was required in clinical prognosis. The Cox proportional-hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used. Results: Cluster analysis identified three clusters of ‘obesity and family history’ (n=150), ‘smoking and drinking’ (n=178), and ‘chronic disease’ (n=190). The MACEs occurred in 10.4% of study subjects. When the ‘obesity and family history’ cluster (62.94±12.09 years) was used as a reference, the relative risk of MACEs was 2.57 times higher in the ‘smoking and drinking’ cluster (62.63±13.31 years) and 2.41 times higher in the ‘chronic disease’ cluster (70.90±10.30 years). Conclusion: Cluster-type risk factors are necessary when considering secondary prevention strategies for MACEs in patients with CAD. Patients with smoking, drinking, and chronic diseases are especially required to improve their lifestyles and to regularly monitor their management of underlying diseases during follow-up periods.

Recently, big data services have been used in various fields. In this situation, this research studied the intention to provide personal information from users, which is necessary to provide useful big data services. A survey was conducted on college students and ordinary people who have understood big data services. And path analysis was performed through Amos' structural equation. As a result of the study, it was found that privacy risks, trust in service providers, individual innovativeness, service incentives, social influence, and service design are major variables influencing the intention to provide personal information. And it was found that trust in service providers plays a mediating role in influencing the intention to provide personal information. In addition, big data services were classified into types for information acquisition and types related to purchase. Accordingly, it was further analyzed whether major variables differ in the path affecting the intention to provide personal information, and new implications were found. Companies that actually develop and provide big data services should establish different strategies by reflecting research results depending on the type of big data service provided.

본 연구는 용담댐 유역(904.4 km²)을 대상으로 준분포형 장기유출 모델인 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)과 Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)의 엽면적지수 위성자료를 활용하여 임상별로 수문에 미치는 영향을 비교 및 분석하였다. 수문 평가 기간은 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년으로 설정하였으며, 8일 간격의 MOD15A2 LAI (Leaf Area Index)자료, 토양수분 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) 관측소 3개소(GB, JC, CC), 증발산량 Flux Tower 1개소(DU)와 용담댐(YDD) 유입량 자료를 SWAT 모의결과와 비교하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 검·보정 결과, 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 LAI의 R²는 각각 0.95, 0.89, 0.90이며, 토양수분 및 증발산량 관측소 R²는 각각 0.50 ~ 0.55, 0.51로 분석되었으며, 용담댐 유입량의 경우 R²의 경우 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70, PBIAS 14.3 %로 분석되었다. 검·보정된 유역을 기반으로 하여 HRU에서 침엽수, 활엽수, 혼효림 수문분석 결과 총 연평균 증발산량은 침엽수 469.7 mm 이며, 활엽수는 501.0 mm, 혼효림의 경우 511.5 mm로 산정되었으며, 유출량은 침엽수 909.8 mm, 활엽수 860.6 mm, 혼효림 864.2 mm로 산정되었다. 연중 패턴이 비슷한 다른 수문과 다르게 여름과 가을에 엽면적지수가 높은 활엽수의 증발산량이 침엽수에 비해 높아 연평균 증발산량이 약 7% 높게 산정되었다. 또한, 유출량의 경우 지표유출 및 중간유출의 경우 활엽수가 각각 9%, 6% 높았으나, 침엽수의 기저유출이 77% 더 높은 것으로 산정됐다. 따라서, 총유출량이 침엽수 혼효림 활엽수 순으로 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study compares and analyzes the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) as coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest with Yongdam Dam upstream (904.4 km²). The hydrologic evaluation period was set to 10 years from 2010 to 2019, and the applicability of the 8-day MOD15A2 Leaf Area Index (LAI) data, 3 TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) (GB, JC, CC), and 1 Flux Tower (DU) evaporation volume (YDD) data was simulated. As a result, the R² of coniferous forest, deciduous forest and mixed forest are 0.95, 0.89, 0.90, soil moisture and evaportranspiration stations R² were analyzed at 0.50 to 0.55 and 0.51, respectively, with R² at 0.74, RMSE 2.75 mm/day, NSE 0.70 and PBIAS 14.3% for Yongdam inflow. Based on the calibrated and validated watersheds, the annual average evaportranspiration was calculated as coniferous 469.7 mm, deciduous 501. mm and 511.5 mm mixed forest, total runoff were estimated at coniferous 909.8 mm, deciduous 860.6 mm and 864.2 mm mixed forest. In the case of annual average evaportranspiration, it was evaluated that deciduous were high, but in the case of streamflow, it was evaluated that coniferous were high. Unlike other hydrologic with similar patterns throughout the year, the average annual evapotranspiration was about 7% higher than coniferous due to the higher evapotranspiration of deciduous with high leaf area index in summer and fall. In addition, deciduous were 9% and 6% higher for surface runoff and lateral flow, but the groundwater of coniferous was 77% higher. Therefore, it was confirmed that the total runoff was in order of coniferous, mixed forest, and deciduous.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to enhancement of happiness by identifying factors affecting the subjective happiness among Korean adolescents by family type. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2020). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting adolescent happiness by family type. Results: As a result, the factors that commonly affect the subjective happiness of adolescents for all family types were identified as economic status, academic performance, perceived stress, and loneliness. Additional factors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents of both Korean two-parent and single parent families were sleep and subjective health status. Financial assistance, number of toilets, breakfast, exercise, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were also reported for Korean two-parent families. Conclusion: This study provided empirical basic data for enhancing adolescent happiness in consideration of priority targets and family composition characteristics by identifying factors affecting subjective happiness by family type. Adolescent happiness is a factor that should be actively pursued at home, school, and society, and it should be the goal of education for holistic growth of students.

Purpose: This study focused on identifying the interaction effects of genetic and lifestyle-environmental factors on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Methods: Study subjects were selected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014. Data on genetic variations, anthropometric measurements, biochemical data, and seven lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, alcohol drinking, smoking, sleep, depression, and stress) were obtained from 4,836 Koreans aged between 40 and 59 years, including those with T2D at baseline (n = 1,209), newly developed T2D (n= 1,298) and verified controls (n = 3,538). The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated by using 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to T2D development and the second quartile was used as the reference category. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the associations of GRS and lifestyle factors with T2D risk, controlling for covariates. Results: Multivariate regression analysis revealed that GRS was the strongest risk factor for T2D, and body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, and spicy food preference also increased the risk. Lifestyle/environmental factors that showed significant interactions with GRS were BMI, current smoking, current drinking, fatty food preference, and spicy food preference. Conclusions: Interactions between genetic factors and lifestyle/environmental factors were associated with an increased risk of T2D. The results will be useful to provide a new perspective on genetic profiling for the earlier detection of T2D risk and clues for personalized interventions, which might be more effective prevention strategies or therapies in individuals with a genetic predisposition to T2D.

단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱은 세포 하나의 유전자 발현량을 측정하는 기술이다. 전체 세포에 대한 유전자 발현을 평균으로 하는 Bulk 시퀀싱과 달리 단일 세포에서 유전자 발현을 측정하는 기술이며, 특정 조직의 면역세포 분포에 관한 연구, 암 조직을 구성하는 세포들의 유형 연구 등, 다양한 연구 분야에 이용될 수 있다. 하지만, 단일 세포 RNA 시퀀싱 기술에서 얻어진 데이터는 세포의 유형이 구분되어 있지 않으며, 세포 유형을 식별하는 방법이 필요하다. 이를 위한 다양한 방법과 소프트웨어가 개발되었다. 그러나 실제 세포 유형을 올바르게 식별하는 것은 여전히 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 이미 잘 알려진 소프트웨어들을(scSorter, SCINA) 이용하여 세포 유형 예측성능을 비교하였다.

오늘날 각 분야에서 디지털화가 급속히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 배경 에서 디지털 플랫폼 기업은 고객의 프라이버시와 재산이익 관련 자료를 대량으로 축적하고 있다. 이때 기업의 파산 위험이 커지면, 기업이 가지 는 특성으로 인해 사용자 데이터는 종종 어디에 귀속하는지가 모호해지 고 보호가 어렵게 된다. 이는 사용자 자신의 합법적인 권리를 침해할 뿐 만 아니라, 사회적 신뢰체계에도 영향을 미친다. 하지만, 중국 기업파산법(企业破产法) 은 데이터 자산에 대한 구체 적인 규정이 없으며, 데이터 안전법(数据安全法) 과 개인정보보호법 (个人信息保护法) 은 기업의 경영행위 데이터 처리를 비교적 강조하고 있지만, 기업이 파산할 때는 효과적인 해결책으로의 기능이 부족하다. 더욱이 정보주체인 고객은 데이터 활용의 참여도가 낮고, 정보활용에 대한 승인절차가 명확하지 않으며, 이에 대한 규제 책임이 명확하지 않은 등의 요인으로 인해 기업파산 상황에서 정보 약자의 위치에 있는 경우가 많다. 따라서 디지털 플랫폼 기업의 파산에 있어 고객 데이터의 중요성, 객 관적인 문제, 현행법 상 제도체계를 분석할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 디 지털 시대의 특성에 맞는 사용자 데이터 보호 법체계를 구축해야 한다. 플랫폼 데이터 관리가 기업운영의 준법성에서 파산 사후 처리로 확장되 도록 추진하여 오늘날의 경제발전 모델에서 사용자 보호 요구에 부합하 도록 하고, 동시에 디지털 시대의 규칙과 질서를 보장하며, 법치 정신을 유지해야 한다. 본 연구는 이를 통해 향후 중국의 디지털 플랫폼 기업의 파산에 대한 입법을 통해 데이터 보호에 중요한 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

Digitization is rapidly progressing in each field today. Against this backdrop, digital platform companies are accumulating vast amounts of data related to customer privacy and property interests. At this time, if the risk of corporate bankruptcy increases, it becomes ambiguous and difficult to protect where user data belongs due to the nature of the company. Not only does this infringe on the users' own legitimate rights, but it also affects the social trust system. However, while China's corporate bankruptcy law does not have specific regulations on data assets, the Data Security Act and the Personal Information Protection Act relatively emphasize data processing on corporate management behavior, they lack function as an effective solution in the event of a company's bankruptcy. In addition, due to factors such as low participation in data utilization, unclear information utilization approval procedures, and unclear regulatory responsibility, customers who are data subjects are often in the position of information underdogs when a company goes bankrupt. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the importance of customer data, objective problems, and institutional systems under the current law in the bankruptcy of digital platform companies. Through this, it is necessary to establish a legal system for user data protection that fits the characteristics of the digital age. Platform data management should be promoted to expand from compliance with corporate operation to post-bankruptcy processing to meet user protection needs in today's economic development model, while at the same time guaranteeing the rules and order of the digital age, and maintaining the spirit of the rule of law. Through this, this study aims to provide important implications for data protection through legislation on the bankruptcy of digital platform companies in China in the future.

웨이퍼 프로브 테스트는 반도체 제조 공정에서 개별 다이의 전기적 특성과 기능적 이상 여부를 공정 초 기 단계에서 검증하는 핵심 검사 공정이다. 이를 통해 수율 관리와 공정 안정성 분석에 필요한 중요한 기준 데이 터를 확보할 수 있다. 그러나 웨이퍼 프로브 테스트 데이터는 서로 이질적인 파일 형식과 구조로 생성되어, 기존 분석 프레임워크 내에서 통합 분석을 수행하는 데 큰 제약이 있다. 특히 STDF 기반의 EDS 파일은 구조가 복잡 하고 데이터 규모가 커 분석 지연을 유발한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 다양한 유형의 웨이퍼 프 로브 테스트 데이터를 단일 환경에서 통합 및 처리할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하고, 동시에 시각화 및 고속 분석 기 능을 제공함으로써 공정 데이터 분석의 효율성과 실시간성을 향상시키는 것을 목표로 한다.

The Wafer Probe Test (P-Test) is a critical process in semiconductor manufacturing that validates the electrical characteristics and functional anomalies of individual dies at an early stage. It provides essential baseline data for yield management and process stability analysis. However, P-Test data—including EDS, PCM, Tox, RS, and Defect Maps—are generated in heterogeneous file formats and structures, creating significant limitations for integrated analysis within existing frameworks. In particular, STDF-based EDS files cause analysis delays due to their structural complexity and large volume. To address these issues, this study aims to improve the efficiency and real-time capabilities of process data analysis by developing a system that integrates and processes multi-type P-Test data in a single environment, while simultaneously providing visualization and high-speed analysis.