Earticle

오늘날 기후변화가 초래하는 극단적인 폭염과 한파, 가뭄과 홍수, 화재 등은 우리의 삶의 터전과 생존을 위협하 는 심각한 위험으로 인식되고 있음에도 불구하고, 기후위기의 원인으로 작용하는 탄소배출을 줄이기 위한 소비자들 의 저탄소 소비자행동 실천은 소극적인 수준에 그치고 있다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본 연구는 소비자의 행동 변화를 이루기 위해 변화의 필요성 인식과 적절한 준비 단계가 필요하다는 범이론적 모델(Transtheoretical Model)을 기반으로 소비자의 기후위기 위험 인식과 소비자의 저탄소 소비생활에 대한 학습 활동이 식생활 영역의 저탄소 소비행동 실천에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 자료로 전국에 거주하는 18세 이상 65세 이하 성인 소비자 1,000명을 대상으로 온라인 조사한 자료를 활용하였으며, 분석방법으로 다중회귀분석을 적용하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기후위기 위험 인식 수준은 ‘약간 높으나’ 저탄소 소비자학습 및 저탄소 식생활 행동 수준은 ‘보통’ 수준 으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기후위기 위험 인식은 저탄소 소비자학습에 정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 기후위기 위험 인식과 저탄소 소비자학습은 저탄소 식생활 행동에 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 저탄소 소비자학습은 기후위기 위험 인식 보다 저탄소 식생활 행동이 미치는 독립적인 영향력이 크다. 본 연구는 범이론적 모델이 제시한 바와 같이 기후위기 위험인지와 같은 심리적인 생각 단계보다는 소비자학습 과 같은 준비 단계를 거치면서 보다 의미 있는 행동 변화가 일어남을 밝힘으로써 태도-행동 격차를 효과적으로 설명하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 또한 기후위기 위험인식과 같이 생각 단계에 있는 소비자들이 보다 적극적으로 저탄소 소비행동을 실천하도록 하기 위해 소비자 학습과 같은 준비단계로 이행하도록 지원할 필 요성을 시사한다. 즉, 저탄소 소비행동을 촉진하기 위한 정책은 행동을 실천하도록 소비자들을 준비시키는 정보 제공과 효과적인 교육에 집중할 필요가 있다.

Despite growing recognition that extreme heat waves, cold snaps, droughts, floods, wildfires driven by climate change pose serious threats to human livelihoods and survival, the adoption of low-carbon consumer behaviors aimed at reducing carbon emissions remains limited. To address this issue, this study examines the influence of consumers' perceptions of climate crisis risks and low-carbon consumer learning on their low-carbon food behaviors. This research is grounded in the Transtheoretical Model, which emphasizes the necessity of recognizing change and adequately preparing for behavioral transformation. To investigate these relationships, data were collected through an online survey of 1,000 adult consumers aged 18 to 65. The findings indicate that while climate crisis risk perception was above average, levels of low-carbon consumer learning and low-carbon food behavior were generally lower than the perceived risk of the climate crisis. Climate crisis risk perception positively influenced both low-carbon consumer learning and low-carbon food behavior. Low-carbon consumer learning had a significant positive effect on low-carbon food behavior. However, the impact of climate crisis risk perception on low-carbon food behavior was weaker than that of low-carbon consumer learning. These findings suggest that policies promoting low-carbon consumption should prioritize education and information dissemination to better equip consumers for behavioral change.

본 연구는 범 이론적 모델을 적용하여 대학생의 음주행위 변화단계와 관련된 요인을 조사함으로써 음주행위 변화단계별 중재 전략을 개발하는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 J시 S 대학교의 기숙사에 거주하는 학부 학생 610명으로 자료수집기간은 2013년 11월 1일부터 11월 21일까지이었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS Win 10.0을 이용하여 서술통계, x2-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Logistic regression으로 분석하였다. 대학생의 음주행위 변화단계와 유의하게 관련된 요인으로 자기효능감, 음주의 이익, 변화과정의 행위적 과정인 자극통제, 성별, 전공과목과 종교 등으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과 대학생의 절주행위를 유도하기 위한 음주행위 변화단계에 따른 차별화된 중재 전략을 개발하는데 있어 성별과 전공을 고려하고 자극통제와 자기효능감을 높이며 음주의 이익에 대한 인식을 낮출 수 있는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다.

This study was to identify the factors associated with stages of drinking behavior change of college students on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model. Data were collected from 610 college students using a self-report questionnaire. The factors associated with stages of drinking behavior change were self efficacy, pros of drinking, stimulus control, gender, major subject and religion. Strategies to enhance self efficacy, stimulus control and to diminish pros of drinking in college students will be an important intervention component to stop drinking in future studies.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of a transtheoretical model (TTM) based exercise counseling offered with music skipping rope exercise on components of the TTM (stages of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy), body mass index, glucose, and lipid profile of overweight/obese children in Korea. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent pretest and posttest experimental study design. A total of 75 overweight/obese children participated in the study. Eight sessions of exercise counseling combined with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks were offered for children in the experimental group, while one session of exercise counseling with music skipping rope exercise for 12 weeks was offered for children in the control group. Outcomes were measured at baseline, and 6 months after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, self-efficacy significantly improved among children in the experimental group (p = .049), while these children maintained their baseline BMI at 6-month follow-up (p > .05). Among children in the control group, BMI significantly increased (p < .05). Fasting blood sugar significantly increased for both groups after the intervention (p < .05). However, a greater increase was observed for the control group. Conclusions: Our study partially supports the hypothesis that a TTM-based exercise intervention is effective in maintaining BMI and improving self-efficacy of overweight/obese children. The TTM-based counseling combined with exercise classes has potential to control weight among overweight/obese children, while involvement of parents and children in the development of the theory-based intervention may generate further benefits regarding health and well-being of overweight/obese children.

Purpose: The transtheoretical model (TTM) was used to provide tailored nursing for lifestyle management such as diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation. The present study aims to assess the provision of intervention delivery methods, intervention elements, and stage-matched interventions, in order to identify ways in which information technology is used in the TTM-based research. Methods: The relevant literature was selected by two researchers using inclusion criteria after searching for “TTM (transtheoretical or stage of change)” and “nursing” from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The selected studies were categorized in terms of study characteristics, intervention delivery method, intervention element, and use and level of stage-matched intervention. Results: A total of 35 studies were selected including eight studies that used information communication technology (ICT). Nine different intervention delivery methods were used, of which “face-to-face” was the most common at 24 times. Of the 35 studies, 26 provided stage-matched interventions. Seven different intervention elements were used, of which “counseling” was the most common at 27 times. Of all the intervention elements, tailored feedback used ICT the most at seven instances out of nine, and there was a significant difference in the rate of ICT usage among intervention elements. Conclusions: ICT is not yet actively used in the TTM-based nursing interventions. Stage-matched interventions and TTM concepts were shown to be in partial use also in the TTM-based interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a variety of ways to use ICT in tailored nursing interventions and to use TTM frameworks and concepts.

Purpose: The study was performed to investigate the predictors associated transition with each stage of exercise behavior based to the Transtheoretical Model, and to provide basic data for exercise behavior programs for middle aged women. Methods: The subjects consisted of 434 women residing in B city by convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed with multiple logistic regression using SPSS/WIN program. Results: The predictors of transition from precontemplation to contemplation were consciousness raising(OR=2.095, 95% CI: 1.305-3.363), Reinforcement management(OR= 1.903, 95% CI: 1.107-3.271), Stimulus control (OR=2.176, 95% CI:1.239-3.820), Menstrual status (OR=5.327, 95% CI: 1.110-25.562). The predictors of transition from contemplation to preparation were Helping relationship(OR= 1.671, 95% CI: 1.065-2.662), Pros(OR=2.500, 95% CI: 1.254-4.982), Perceived Health status (OR=.178, 95% CI: .041-.770). The predictor of transition from preparation to action was Stimulus control(OR=1.918, 95% CI: 1.103- 3.336). The predictors of transition from action to maintenance were Consciousness raising(OR= 1.939, 95% CI: 1.031-3.647), Dramatic relief (OR=2.249, 95% CI: 1.025-4.931). Conclusions: Adequate examination on the factors, which can predict the transitional stages of change exercise behaviors among middle aged women, which is presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of exercise intervention program planning and application.

Purpose This study examined the moderating and mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationships between predictor variables (decisional balance and processes of change) and the outcome variable(stages of change) using the Transtheoretical Model. Design Cross-sectional data were collected from 147 current and former smokers at three vocational technical high schools in Korean metropolitan areas. Methods The survey instruments included decisional balance, self-efficacy, processes of change (behavioral and experiential), and stages of change. Regression analyses were used to identify the mediating effects of self-efficacy. Results Self-efficacy mediated the relationships of decisional balance and behavioral processes with stages of change, but not that of experiential processes with stages of change. Conclusions The study results will provide valuable information regarding how each predictor variable is connected and path through adoption of smoking cessation behavior. By understanding mechanisms of behavior change, health professionals could develop effective smoking cessation interventions with consideration of roles of self-efficacy in the smoking cessation behavior change.

본 연구는 간호대 여학생을 대상으로 범이론적 모형을 적용하여 여대생들의 특성변수별 운동행위 변화단계의 분포를 파악하고 운동행위 변화단계에 따른 변화과정, 의사결정균형, 자기효능감의 차이를 알아봄과 동시에 운동행위 변화단계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악 하고자 하는 조사연구이다. 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, Chi-square, ANOVA, Stepwise Multiple Regression로 분석하였다. 연구결과에서 간호대 여학생이 다른 대상군에 비해 운동 실천율이 4.6%로 가장 낮은 것은 학업으로 인한 부족한 시간, 건강행위 역할 교육의 부족과 건강을 위한 운동보다는 취업을 위해 외적인 아름다움에 치중하는 경향이 높다고 판단된다. 그러므로 운동행위 중재를 하고자 할 때 계획 전단계, 계획단계, 준비단계에 속한 대상자에게 건강을 위한 운동의 중요성을 강조하고 미래의 건강 관리자로서의 역할을 위한 교육과 본인의 체형에 대한 올바른 인식을 하도록 하며 또한 변화과정의 인지적, 행위적 과정의 경험을 적절히 사용하도록 하고 의사결정을 긍정적으로 할 수 있게 장애적 요인을 최소화하며 건강과 운동에 대한 정보제공과 동기형성으로 운동에 대한 실천의지를 강화하면 지속적인 운동을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 조사지역이 한정적이고 운동행위 변화단계에 영향을 미치는 체질량지수(BMI)의 경우 실제적인 측정이 아닌 기입식 이므로 추후 정확한 조사연구가 필요하다. 그리고 본 연구의 대상자는 앞으로 국민의 건강증진을 위해 전문적 교육을 받고 있는 일부 대상군인 동시에 운동 실천율이 가장 낮은 여자 대학생들이므로 결과를 간호 대학생 전체로 확대 해석하는 제약은 있으나 동기수준을 고려한 운동행위 변화단계를 적용한 선행 연구가 없는 간호대 여학생을 대상으로 한 연구이므로 대상자의 특성에 맞는 다양한 건강교육과 운동프로그램 개발에 도움이 되기를 기대한다. 또한 추후 연구조사에서는 대상군과 지역의 다양화로 대상자별 변수요인을 밝혀내고 실험적 종단적 연구 설계를 적용한 연구를 제언한다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors of change affecting the stages of change for exercise, on the assumption that there are various stages of change in the exercise behavior of women in nursing college. Methods: The subjects were 496 female college students in D city. The research instruments were stages of change for exercise behavior, the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy. The dates were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The distribution of the subjects across the stages was: pre-contemplation, 17.7%; contemplation, 58.7%; preparation, 19.0%; action, 2.8%; maintenance, 1.8%. Analysis of variance showed that cognitive process (F=17.26, p<0.01), behavioral process (F=27.05, p<0.01), the pros of decisional-balance (F=7.07, p<0.01), the cons of decision-balance (F=5.82, p<0.01), and self efficacy (F=17.79, p<0.01) were significantly associated with the change of exercise behavior stages. The related factors of change affecting the change of exercise behavior stage were the cons of decision-making, counter conditioning, self re-evaluation, and body mass index, including 28.4% R-square. Conclusion: The transtheoretical model would be applicable to explain the exercise behavior of some women in nursing college. So, this study will be useful information for developing effective exercise behavior programs considering female students' stages of change.

Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors from the Transtheoretical Model on the stage of change in the self-management behaviors, i.e. regular physical activity and diet, among community-residing adults with hypertension in a rural area. Methods: With a cross-sectional descriptive design, 134 adults who had registered and received a prescription for hypertension medication from a public health center in W city were recruited using convenient sampling. The instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire on the stage of change, process of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance of physical activity and diet. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 2-sample t-test, χ2 test, and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the process of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance of physical activity and diet between those who were in the pre-execution stage (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation) and those who were in the execution stage (action and maintenance). Logistic regression showed that consciousness raising and self-efficacy were significant predictors of the execution stage in physical activity, and self-reevaluation, social liberation and self-efficacy were significant predictors in the diet. Conclusion: The relevant processes of change, differentiated according to the stage of change, along with self-efficacy, should be addressed to enhance the execution of self-management behaviors among hypertensive adults residing in the community.

Purpose: This study developed a program to facilitate evidence-based practice (EBP) in one nursing organization,and identifies the effects of the program on the nurses' EBP facilitators. Methods: The program was based on the Transtheoretical Model of stages of organizational change, a literature review, the cases of hospitals overseas,and a prior study. To identify the effects of the program, a one-group pretest-posttest study was conducted with 45 nurses who participated in the EBP implementation. Results: The program consisted of EBP educational sessions,consultations with academic nursing faculty and clinical EBP mentors, and support from the administration and relevant departments. After the EBP program, there was a statistically significant difference in belief in the value of EBP between the pretest and the posttest (t=2.31, p=.026). However, no significant differences were found between the pretest and the posttest for organizational support to develop EBP (t=0.62, p=.537), skills in locating and evaluating research reports (s=-1.00, p=.987), knowledge of research language and skills (s=-1.00,p=.986), and time to devote to EBP (s=-23.00, p=.711). Conclusion: The findings provide important data that can be used to develop and implement strategies for enhancing EBP in clinical settings in Korea.

개인의 건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 높은 사회경제적 비용 부담을 초래하는 흡연은 예방이 가능하다는 측면에서 중요한 사회문제로 인식되고 있지만, 성인 흡연자의 금연의도에서 행동으로의 종단적인 변화 패턴을 살펴보는 연구는 매우 제한적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 3~11차의 한국복지패널 자료를 활용하여 한국 성인 흡연자 4,968명의 금연행동의 변화 패턴을 반복측정 잠재계층 모형을 사용하여 확인하였다. 반복측정 잠재계층 분석 결과, 본 연구는 (1) 지속적으로 금연 실행/유지 단계에 있는 집단(33.6%) (2) 금연 숙고/준비 단계에서 금연 실행/유지 단계로 변화하는 집단(14.8%), (3) 지속적으로 숙고/준비 단계에 머무르는 집단(29.6%), (4) 지속적으로 숙고이전 단계에 머무를 집단(22.1%)의 4개의 잠재적 집단을 확인하였다. 또한 다항로지스틱 분석을 통하여 금연행동 변화 패턴과 인구사회학적 요인 및 임상적 특성(우울수준 및 음주행동) 간 연관성을 살펴보았다. 다항로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 높은 우울수준과 음주를 하는 흡연자의 경우 지속적 금연실행/유지 단계의 집단보다는 지속적 숙고 이전 단계에 속할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 금연을 전혀 고려하지 않고 있는 숙고 이전 단계의 사람들과 지속적으로 숙고/준비 단계에 머무를 사람들에 대한 타켓화된 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

Smoking is one of the important public health concerns because it is preventable causes regarding individuals’ negative health consequences and increased social and economic cost. However, few studies have examined longitudinal patterns of stages of changes(SOC) in smoking behaviors among the general population. The purpose of the study is to explore the latent patterns of SOC over time among Korean adult smokers using the 2008-2016 Korea Welfare Panel Study. A repeated measure latent class analysis is employed in the present study. The finding of the present study are as follows: First, four latent groups were identified: (1) action/maintenance stage(33.6%), (2) contemplation/preparation to action/maintenance stage(14.8%), (3) continuously contemplation/preparation stage(29.6%), and (4) continuously pre-contemplation stage(22.1%). Second, the results of a multinomial logistic regression found that socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with the identified longitudinal patterns of smoking behaviors. Compared to a continuously pre-contemplation stage, higher levels of depressive symptoms and drinking behavior were associated with increased odds of being in action/maintenance stage. The findings of the present study highlight that a tailored intervention is needed for individuals with continuously pre-contemplation stage and contemplation stage.

본 연구는 단계적변화모형을 기반으로 중학생의 학업지연행동극복을 위한 그룹코칭 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증하였다. 프로그램은 행동변화에 유용한 의식의 고양, 정서적 각성, 자기 재평가, 전념, 보상, 대체, 환경통제, 주변의 도움 등 8가지 변화기법과 자신감 증진으로 구성하였다. 프로그램은 1회 90분씩 총 8회기로 구성하였으며, 19명의 중학생을 대상으로 예비실험을 거쳐 최종 프로그램을 완성하였다. 프로그램 효과성 검증을 위해 54명의 중학생을 대상으로 실험집단 16명, 비교집단 16명, 통제집단 22명으로 나누어 배치한 후, 실험집단은 본 연구에서 개발한 단계적변화모형 기반 학업지연행동극복 그룹코칭 프로그램을 실시하였고, 비교집단은 학업지연행동극복을 위한 시간관리 프로그램을 실시하였으며, 통제집단은 어떤 프로그램도 실시하지 않았다. 실험집단, 비교집단, 통제집단을 대상으로 프로그램 사전, 사후, 추후(1개월, 3개월) 시점에 학업지연행동조절 의사결정균형, 학업지연행동조절 자기효능감, 학업지연행동조절 변화단계, 학업지연행동, 자기주도 학습능력을 측정하였다. 자료분석은 세 집단의 동질성 확인을 위한 일원배치분산분석 후 사전, 사후 시점과 실험, 비교, 통제 집단 간 상호작용효과를 검증하기 위해 혼합변량분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 학업지연행동조절 의사결정균형 중 학업지연행동조절 손실 인식과 학업지연행동조절 자기효능감, 학업지연행동 변화단계, 학업지연행동에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며 추후에도 코칭의 효과가 유의하게 지속되었다. 이에 단계적변화모형 기반 학업지연행동극복 그룹코칭이 중학생의 학업지연행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점, 향후 연구에 관해 논의하였다.

The study was designed to develop and examine the effects of group coaching program to overcome academic procrastination based on the transtheoretical model for middle school students. The program consisted of eight processes of change including the consciousness-raising, emotional arousal, self-reevaluation, commitment, reward, countering, environment control, helping relationships. and confidence enhancement. The program consisted of a total of eight sessions including 90 minutes per session and the final program was completed after a preliminary experiment on 19 middle school students. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, the program was implemented to 54 middle school students who were assigned 16 for the experiment group, 16 for the comparison group, and 22 for the control group. While the experiment group participated in the group coaching program based on the transtheoretical model developed in this study, the comparison group participated in the time management program. The control group did not participate in any program. The experiment, comparison, and control group were tested in pre, post, and follow-up(1 month, 3 months) in order to decisional balance of academic procrastination control, self-efficacy of academic procrastination control, stages of change in academic procrastination control, academic procrastination, and self-directed learning ability. The program effect analysis was conducted on 41 individuals, 13 in the experiment group, 13 in the comparison group and 15 in the control group, except for 13 who scored low academic procrastination in the pre-test. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to confirm the homogeneity of the three groups, and then mixed ANOVA analysis was conducted to verify the interaction between time interval and group. The results showed that the interaction between time interval and group was significant in cons recognition of academic procrastination control, self-efficacy of academic procrastination control, stages of change in academic procrastination control, academic procrastination. Thus, the group coaching program to overcome academic procrastination based on the transtheoretical model developed in this study has been shown to be effective in modifying overcoming academic procrastination of middle school students. Also, it was confirmed that the coaching effectiveness was maintained. Based on the results of this study, implications and limitations of this study and future research were discussed.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate selected constructs of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change regarding smoking behavior among Asian students in Korea. Methods: A convenience sample of 240 Chinese and Vietnamese smokers studying in colleges, graduate schools, and language programs across the country completed the Chinese and Vietnamese versions of the short form questionnaire from October 2020 to January 2021, through an online survey. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, and logistic regression. Results: Analyses showed that 72.1% of participants were in contemplation and preparation stage. There were significant differences in the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy depending on the stages of change in smoking cessation. Factors influencing smoking cessation intention were consciousness raising (Odds Radio [OR]=1.22, 95% Con fidence Interval [CI]=1.00~1.15, p=.047), self-reevaluation (OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.15~1.70, p=.001), cons of smoking (OR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00~1.39, p=.045), and self-efficacy (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.00~1.15, p=039). Conclusion: The results provide support on the advantages of including the concepts of consciousness raising, self-reevaluation, negative aspects of smoking (cons), and self-efficacy in intervention program development for smoking cessation.

정보기술이 발전함에 따라 소비자들은 혁신적인 새로운 서비스로의 전환을 보다 빈번하게 고려하게 되었다. 이에 따라 기업에게도 고객의 서비스 전환 행동은 주요 과제 중 하나가 되었다. 이러한 요구에 부응하기 위해 학계에서도 고객의 서비스 전환 행동과 관련한 다양한 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 쾌락적 서비스(hedonic service)에 대한 고객의 전환 행동을 단계적으로 파악한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 범이론적 모형(TTM: transtheoretical model)을 기반으로 서비스 전환 행동의 단계를 파악하고, 서비스 제공자 전환 모형(SPSM: service provider switching model)을 기반으로 전환 행동 단계별로 서비스 전환에 영향을 미치는 요인이 어떻게 변화하는지를 파악하고자 한다. 이를 위해 숙박공유경제 서비스에 대한 고객의 전환 행동과 관련한 가설을 제시하고 이를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 서비스 전환 행동 단계에 따라 서비스 전환 행동에 영향을 미치는 요인이 달라짐을 파악하였다. 본 연구는 서비스 전환 행동과 영향 요인이 단계별로 차이가 있음을 밝힘으로써 고객 유지 및 이탈 방지를 위한 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 고객 유지 역량을 증대시킴으로써 기업성과를 향상시키고자 하는 경영자들에게 실질적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

With changes in information technology (IT), many innovative IT-based services, such as AirBnB, have become popular. Switching behavior toward new and innovative services become a major issue for managers who want to attract many customers. In response, many researchers have investigated why customers switch service providers. However, little research has been conducted on the processes of switching behavior for a hedonic service. To fill this research gap, this study aimed to identify the stages of switching behavior based on transtheoretical model. Furthermore, the factors affecting the service switching behavior in stages were identified on the basis of service provider switching model. This study also hypothesized the customer's switching behavior in accommodation sharing economy service and analyzed it empirically. Results showed that the factors affecting switching behavior differ across five stages. The present results can provide a basis to prevent switching behavior and reduce churn by analyzing the difference in switching behavior among stages. This study also helps managers who want to improve organizational performance by enhancing customer retention capability.

본 연구는 질적 메타요약 방법을 활용하여 마약류 중독자가 중독에서 회복에 이르기까지 경험하는 핵심 과정을 체계적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 마약류 중독자의 회복 경험에 대한 14 편의 질적 연구에서 보고된 100사례의 경험을 연구 단위와 사례 단위 수준에서 재분석한 결 과 469개의 진술문과 36개의 축약 진술문이 도출되었다. 축약 진술문에 대한 빈도 효과크기 분석 결과 25% 이상으로 나타난 28개의 핵심 축약 진술문이 확인되어 이를 초이론적 모델에 근거하여 인식 및 행동 변화 과정으로 재구성하였다. 분석 결과 마약류 중독자의 회복 과정 은 중독기, 낙인기, 회복기의 세 시기와 8개의 핵심 경험 범주로 구성된 인식 및 행동 변화 과정이 나선형으로 반복됨을 확인하였다. 중독기는 마약 접촉과 사용이 시작되고 중독 증상 이 심화되는 시기이다. 이 시기에는 스스로 중독자임을 부정하며 사용을 합리화하지만, 점차 통제감 상실과 금단·내성·갈망을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 낙인기는 ‘검거와 수감’을 계 기로 사회적 낙인이 형성되는 시기로, 재수감, 경제적 추락, 사회적 고립, 가족 관계 약화 등 을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 회복기는 마약 문제를 인식하고 단약을 준비·실천하는 시기 로, 중독에 대한 학습과 재활 프로그램 참여, 가족 관계 회복 및 사회적 관계 형성과 생활 안 정 노력이 주요 개념으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 치료 중심 개입, 예방 교육 강 화, 가족 지지체계 구축 등 정책적·실천적 제언을 제시하였다.

This study aimed to systematically examine the core processes experienced by drug users in their transition from addiction to recovery using a qualitative metasummary approach. Fourteen qualitative studies on the recovery experiences of drug users, comprising 100 cases, were analyzed. As a result, 469 findings and 36 abstracted findings were derived. For effect size analysis, the abstracted findings were operationalized as variables, and their presence in each study case was coded. The analysis identified 28 key abstracted findings with a frequency effect size of 25% or higher. Based on the Transtheoretical Model, these findings were reorganized to explain the stages of change in the recovery process. The results indicated that the recovery process of drug users could be categorized into three stages of change: the addiction stage, the stigma stage, and the recovery stage. The addiction stage is characterized by the initiation of drug contact and use, during which addiction symptoms intensify, accompanied by rationalization of drug use, loss of control, and experiences of withdrawal, tolerance, and craving. The stigma stage emerges following arrest and incarceration, leading to the formation of social stigma and experiences such as re-incarceration, economic decline, social isolation, and weakened family relationships. The recovery stage involves recognizing drug use as a problem and preparing for and maintaining abstinence. Key features of this stage include learning about addiction, participation in rehabilitation programs, restoration of family relationships, formation of social relationships, and efforts toward stable living conditions. Based on these findings, the study highlights the need for policy support, including treatment-oriented interventions, strengthened prevention education, and the establishment of family support systems.

본 연구의 목적은 교대근무 간호사의 운동행위변화단계에 미치는 융합적 영향요인을 분석하는데 있다. 연구 대상자는 병원에 근무하는 교대근무 간호사로 연구의 목적을 이해하고 연구에 참여할 것을 동의한 120명의 간호사이 다. 연구 자료는 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, Χ2 test, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 교대 근무 간호사의 운동행위변화단계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인은 운동 동기(β=2.480, p=.022), 건강상태 지각(β =1.151, p=.013), 사회적지지(β=1.819, p=.002)와 결혼유무(β=-1.820, p=.004)로 나타났다. 즉, 운동행위 변화가 있는 대상자가 운동행위 변화가 없는 대상자에 비해 운동 동기가 11.9배 높고, 건강상태 지각은 3.1배 높았으며 사회적 지지는 6.1배, 미혼인 대상자는 기혼인 대상자에 비해 .16배 높았다. 그러므로 교대근무간호사의 운동행위 변화단계 에 영향을 미치는 요인이 운동동기와 사회적지지, 건강상태 지각인 점을 고려하여 지속적이고 규칙적인 운동을 실천 하기 위한 전략을 개발하는 것이 중요하다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the converged influencing factors on the stages of exercise behavior changes in shift work nurses. The subjects were 120 shift work nurses working in hospitals who understood the purpose of the study and agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Χ2 test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. The exercise motivation factors of shift work nurses had a significant effect on stages of exercise behavior change (β=2.480, p=.022), health status perceptions(β=1.151, p=.013). Social support factors (β=1.819, p=.002) and marital status (β=-1.820, p=.004) also had significant effects on the stages of exercise behavior change of shift work nurses. In other words, subjects with change in exercise behavior had 11.9 times higher motivation and 3.1 times higher health status perception than those without change in exercise behavior, social support was 6.1 times higher, and unmarried subjects showed 16 times showed higher than that of married subjects. Therefore, it is important to develop a strategy to practice continuous and regular exercise in consideration of the exercise motivation, social support, and health status perception of the nurses in shift work.

본 연구의 목적은 직장 중년남성의 운동행위변화단계에 미치는 영향요인을 분석하기 위함이다. 연구대상자는 충남, 충북에 거주하며 직장을 다니고 있는 40∼59세 중년남성으로 연구의 목적을 이해하고 연구에 참여할 것을 동의한 170명의 중년남성을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 수집된 연구 자료는 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 운동자기효능감(β=.965, p =.003)과 지각된 건강상태가(β=.805, p =.025) 직장 중년남성의 운동행위 변화단계에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 운동행위가 있는 직장 중년남성이 운동행위가 없는 직장 중년남성에 비 해 운동자기효능감이 2.6배 높고, 지각된 건강상태는 2.2배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 같은 연구결과를 토대로 직장 중년남성 의 운동실천을 위한 전략은 운동자기효능감과 지각된 건강상태를 증진하는데 중점을 두어야하며, 이를 바탕으로 직장과 지역 사회 차원의 운동프로그램 운영방안을 모색해야 할 것이다.

　The objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the stages of change of exercise in middle-aged men who work. 170 middle-aged men who work surveyed, 40 to 59 years old, is residing, Chung-Buk and Chung-Nam province, who understand the purpose of this study and agree to participate in this study. This study data is analyzed by using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis. The study show that the exercise self-efficacy(β=.965, p=.003) and the perceived health status(β=.805, p =.025) among middle aged men who work have an effect on the stages of change of exercise meaningfully. That is, the exercise self-efficacy of middle aged men who work who have exercise behavior is 2.6 times higher than middle aged men at work who don’t have exercise behavior, and the perceived health status is 2.2 times higher. This study suggests that the development of better exercise practice for middle aged men who work should be aimed at promoting exercise self-efficacy and perceived health status, Based on this, it is necessary to find ways to operate exercise programs at the workplace and community level.

Latest in grooming, amidst the frenzy of skin care for men trying to increase trend. Women’s social participation is becoming less and less active men being relatively less social influence, men also need to believe that to be successful the looks. Men also need to believe that to be successful the looks. The purpose of this study was to examine the skin care of 20-30 for adult men by applying a transtheoretical model. It’s especially meant to investigate the stage of skin care among adult men, their related balanced decision making, self-efficacy and process of change in skin care in an attempt to provide information on the development of programs geared toward spreading th right way of skin care. The subjects in this study were 400 adult men in the city of Gwangju, on whom a survey was conducted from October 15 to November 18, 2012. the analyzable answer sheets from 368 respondents were analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows. First, as for the stage of skin care, the greatest 40.5% was in a preparatory stage, and precontemplation stag, acting stage, contemplation stage, maintenance stage. In relation to the general characteristics of the adult men, the age and monthly income in accordance with stage of skin care, the results appear to be very meaningful. Second, the positive and negative elements of balanced decision making about regular skin care were significantly different according to the stages of skin care (p=.011) (p=.000). The positive elements of balanced decision making were smallest in number in the precontemplation stage and largest in the maintenance stage, which indicated that the students who belonged to the higher stage of skin care got more scores in that aspect. The number of the negative elements was largest in the precontemplation stage and smallest in the maintenance stage, which implied that those who belonged to the higher stage of skin care scored less. Third, self-efficacy were smallest in number in the precontemplation stage and largest in the maintenance stage (p=.000). Stage of the skin care practice behavior was improved by proceeding in a positive direction. The results of a study of adult men’s skin care practice act changes follow the steps in the decision making of balance and sense of selfefficacy to elicit behavioral changes are an important role, the resulting approach measures provided adult men self skin care practice and developed a variety of programs for skin care customers even thought possible.

This study is analyzed to collect data for 472 female college students attending University in Seoul. According to the Transtheoretical model, Divided into 5 groups of female college students, we compared and analyzed the consumer response of cosmetics 4P, such as cosmetic purchase characteristics, cosmetics products, prices, advertising, point of purchase and so on. According to the results of this study, conclusions and discussion are as follows. First, the result of investigation of the use of cosmetics on the makeup of Female University Students, Using of the Color cosmetics intend to increase according to high monthly income, pin money and unmarried woman. Second, in all groups, the places of cosmetic purchase were intend to increased department store, cosmetic brand shop, and cosmetics supply. Third, in all groups, the preference in the selection of color cosmetics were high of BBcream and foundation. In addition, on the basic cosmetics selection, cleanser and toner/lotion items had high purchasing preferences. Fourth, in the color cosmetics using group, satisfaction of cosmetics were high. Fifth, in the group of preparations on color cosmetics had more impulsive cosmetic buying tendency. Finally, high income and pin money lead the purchase of cosmetics in department stores. On the other hand, the purchase of brand shops and cosmetics shops were increased in the lower income levels, and a pin money.