Earticle

본 논문에서는 정보보호 침해에 의해 조직에서 운영하는 정보시스템의 작업처리율이 저하되는 경우를 가정하고, 이러한 정보보호 침해에 대비하기 위해 조직에서 설치하는 다양한 보안대안들로 구성되는 포트폴리오의 경제성을 평가한다. 확률모형을 이용하여 보안 위협 도착률에 따른 포트폴리오별 작업처리율 및 평균 수리횟수를 분석하여 투자기간 동안 발생한 매출액과 수리비용을 제시한다. 아울러 작업처리율에 따른 매출액, 포트폴리오별 보안시스템 구축 투자비, 수리 비용에 이자율을 적용하여 투자기간 동안 손익의 현재가치를 산출한다. 연구결과는 각 조직별로 예산 제약과 투자대안 선정기준에 맞춰 최적 투자 포트폴리오를 선택하는데 활용될 수 있다.

We apply the results of Yang et al. (2009) to evaluate information security investment portfolios. We assume that organizations adopt information security countermeasures (or portfolios consisted of countermeasures) to lessen the damage resulted from the productivity (or throughput) deterioration. A probability model is used to derive the system throughput and the average number of repairs according to the occurrence rate of security threat. Considering the revenue from throughput, the repair cost, and the investment for the security system, the net present value for each portfolio is derived. Organizations can compare information security investment portfolios and select the optimal portfolio.

차량 이동환경에서 빈번하게 발생하는 핸드오버는 서비스 품질 저하의 주된 원인이다. 본 논문에서는 규칙적인 이동 경로를 갖는 차량의 이동 패턴을 학습하여 핸드오버 제어를 수행함으로서 핸드오버 빈도를 줄이고, 체류 시간이 매우 짧거나 이동 가능성이 낮은 셀로의 핸드오버를 방지하는 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해, 차량의 이동 패턴을 Markov Chain으로 모델링하였으며, 각 셀에서의 체류시간과 평균 신호의 세기를 관찰하여 핸드오버 제어에 이용하였다. 제안한 이동성 관리 기법의 검증을 위해 4개의 서울 시내버스 노선에 대해 적용하였으며, 실험 결과 제안 기법이 기존의 핸드오버 기법보다 핸드오버 빈도를 줄일 수 있으며, 버스 왕복 구간 동안의 평균 처리율이 더 높음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The four types of management accounting systems(traditional full costing, direct costing, activity-based costing, throughput accounting) are compared in this study. This paper reviews the differences between throughput and contribution margin. The paper concludes that the definition of totally variable cost(TVC) to calculate throughput is situational specific.

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), cognitive radio users (CUs) should be powered by a small battery for their operations. The operations of the CU often include spectrum sensing and data transmission. The spectrum sensing process may help the CU avoid a collision with the primary user (PU) and may save the energy that is wasted in transmitting data when the PU is present. However, in a time-slotted manner, the sensing process consumes energy and reduces the time for transmitting data, which degrades the achieved throughput of the CRN. Subsequently, the sensing process does not always offer an advantage in regards to throughput to the CRN. In this paper, we propose a scheme to find an optimal policy (i.e., perform spectrum sensing before transmitting data or transmit data without the sensing process) for maximizing the achieved throughput of the CRN. In the proposed scheme, the data collection period is considered as the main factor effecting on the optimal policy. Simulation results show the advantages of the optimal policy.

The purpose of this study is to introduce the limit of previously used six sigma quality process evaluation metrics, and , and a solution to overcome this drawback by using a metric based on performance evaluation of Z-factor quality innovation. Case analysis on projects from national six sigma contest from 2011 to 2012 is performed and literature review on new drug development HTS (High Throughput Screening) is used to propose innovative performance evaluation metrics. This research shows that experimental study on six sigma evaluation metric, and , have no significance difference between industrial type (Manufacturing, Semi-Public Institute, Public Institute) and CTQ type (Product Technology Type CTQ, Process Technology Type CTQ). Following discovery characterize this quality improvement as fixed target type project. As newly developed moving target type of quality innovation performance metric Z-Factor is used for evaluating experimental study, hypothetical analysis suggests that and share different relationship or even show reciprocal relationship. Constraints of the study are relatively small sample size of only 37 projects from past 2 years and conflict on having interview and communication with six sigma quality practitioner for qualitative experimental study. Both moving target type six sigma innovation project and fixed target type improvement project or quality circle enables efficient ways for a better understanding and quality practitioner use by applying quality innovation performance metric. Downside of fixed target type quality performance evaluation metric, and , is presented through experimental study. In contrast, advantage of this study is that high throughput requiring product technology, process technology and quantum leap typed innovation effect is evaluated based on precision and accuracy and Z-Factor that enables relative comparison between enterprises is proposed and implemented.

네트워크에서 TCP를 사용하여 데이터 전송을 하면 IP layer에서 제공된 라우팅을 통해 전송된다. 본 논문은 overlay 네트워크를 이용하여 전송노드와 수신노드 사이에 중간노드를 위치해 default IP 라우팅보다 더 좋은 throughput이 나오는 경로를 찾는 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 throughput이 0.02 ~ 420% 향상된 경로를 찾았다. 이러한 데이터 결과를 Split TCP 내용을 기반으로 분석하였다. 본 논문의 결과를 바탕으로 P2P 통신이나 대용량데이터 전송 시 간단한 overlay network를 구축하여 throughput을 효과적으로 향상 시킬 수 있는 네트워크 구축이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

When data are transmitted over TCP network, it is delivered via route provided by IP layer. In this paper, welocated an intermediate node between a sender and a receiver node at TCP overlay network and compared thethroughput of it with throughput of default IP routing. As a result, we were able to get 0.02 ~ 420% ofimprovement of throughput and we analyzed it based on Split TCP. We are expecting to build a network thateffectively improves throughput for P2P communication or transmitting massive data with simply constructedoverlay network based on the result of this paper.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolate HJL777 is a virulent bacterial strain in pigs. The high rate of salmonella infection are at high risk of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis development. Salmonellosis is most common in young pigs. We investigated changes in gut microbiota and biological function in piglets infected with salmonella via analysis of rectal fecal metagenome and intestinal transcriptome using 16S rRNA and RNA sequencing. We identified a decrease in Bacteroides and increase in harmful bacteria such as Spirochaetes and Proteobacteria by microbial community analysis. We predicted that reduction of Bacteroides by salmonella infection causes proliferation of salmonella and harmful bacteria that can cause an intestinal inflammatory response. Functional profiling of microbial communities in piglets with salmonella infection showed increasing lipid metabolism associated with proliferation of harmful bacteria and inflammatory responses. Transcriptome analysis identified 31 differentially expressed genes. Using gene ontology and Innate Immune Database analysis, we identified that BGN, DCN, ZFPM2 and BPI genes were involved in extracellular and immune mechanisms, specifically salmonella adhesion to host cells and inflammatory responses during infection. We confirmed alterations in gut microbiota and biological function during salmonella infection in piglets. Our findings will help prevent disease and improve productivity in the swine industry.

Since mobile traffic has been growing recently, the deployment of indoor small cells has become an attractive solution to enhance coverage. However, the increasing density of cells makes inter-cell interference more considerable. In this paper, we propose a max-throughput Interference Avoidance (MTIA) centralized algorithm to improve the system’s throughput. Based on signaling and reports, a central controller connected to each base station can properly turn off base stations that may induce a relatively strong interference, and thus increase SINR. We implemented the MTIA algorithm in an LTE TDD network simulation and showed that MTIA effectively reduces inter-cell interference and improves the system’s throughput.

The effects of angiogenesis inhibitor from the extract libraries of Korean and Chinese medicinal plants were investigated using a protein microarray chip. Protein chip was constructed by immobilization of integrin α5β1 on protein chip base plates and employed for screening active extracts that inhibit the integrin-fibronectin interaction from the extract libraries. The 100 extracts of medicinal plants were obtained from extract bank of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. The 14 extracts among 100 extract libraries were shown efficient inhibition activity for the interaction between integrin-fibronectin. The medicinal plants of 14 extracts were Vitex negundo var. incisa (Lam.) C.B. Clarke, Epimedium koreanum Nakai, Cedrela sinensis A. Juss, Ipomea aquatica Forsk, Schisandra chinensis Baill, Pulsatilla koreana Nakai, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. var.hortensis Makino, Oenothera odorata, Allium chinense, Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum MAKINO, Polygonatum odoratum Druce var. pluriflorum Ohwi, Hosta lancifolia, Agrimonia pilosa L. var. japonica Nakai and Potentilla chinensis SER. The Paeonia lactiflora, Oenothera odorata, and Agrimonia pilosa from these 14 extracts libraries were shown strong inhibition activity of integrin α5β1.

Throughput prediction is crucial for reducing latency in time-critical services. We study the attention-based LSTM model for predicting future throughput. First, we collected the TCP logs and throughputs in LTE networks and transformed them using CUBIC and BBR trace log data. Then, we use the sliding window method to create input data for the prediction model. Finally, we trained the LSTM model with an attention mechanism. In the experiment, the proposed method shows lower normalized RMSEs than the other method.

In an uplink underlaid device-to-device (D2D) cellular network, this paper considers its two aspects of throughput improvement. The two-fold gain comprises the throughput increase by offloading downlink cellular traffic to D2D communications, duplexing gain, and the increase by reusing uplink resources of D2D transmissions, capacity gain. Both impacts are investigated by exploiting stochastic geometry. On the basis of the analysis, a throughput optimal D2D operation guideline is provided for different network congestion environments.

We have developed a fully automated high throughput drug screening (HTDS) system based on the microfluidic cell culture array to perform combinational chemotherapy. This system has 64 individually addressable cell culture chambers where the sequential combinatorial concentrations of two different drugs can be generated by two microfluidic diffusive mixers. Each diffusive mixer has two integrated micropumps connected to the media and the drug reservoirs respectively for generating the desired combination without the need for any extra equipment to perfuse the solution such as syringe pumps. The cell array is periodically exposed to the drug combination with the programmed LabVIEW system during a couple of days without extra handling after seeding the cells into the microfluidic device and also, this device does not require the continuous generation of solutions compared to the previous systems. Therefore, the total amount of drug being consumed per experiment is less than a few hundred micro liters in each reservoir. The utility of this system is demonstrated through investigating the viability of the prostate cancer PC3 cell line with the combinational treatments of curcumin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results suggest that the system can be used for screening and optimizing drug combination with a small amount of reagent for combinatorial chemotherapy against cancer cells.

Cognitive Radio Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (CR-VANETs) exploit cognitive radios to allow vehicles to access the unused channels in their radio environment. Thus, CR-VANETs do not only suffer the traditional CR problems, especially spectrum sensing, but also suffer new challenges due to the highly dynamic nature of VANETs. In this paper, we present a low-delay and high-throughput radio environment assessment scheme for CR-VANETs that can be easily incorporated with the IEEE 802.11p standard developed for VANETs. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly reduces the time to get the radio environment map and increases the CR-VANET throughput.

Spectrum sensing plays an essential role in a cognitive radio network, which enables opportunistic access to an underutilized licensed spectrum. In conventional cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), all cognitive users (CUs) in the network spend the same amount of time on spectrum sensing and waste time in remaining silent when other CUs report their sensing results to the fusion center. This problem is solved by the superposition cooperative spectrum sensing (SPCSS) scheme, where the sensing time of a CU is extended to the reporting time of the other CUs. Subsequently, SPCSS assigns the CUs different sensing times and thus affects both the sensing performance and the throughput of the system. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to determine the optimal sensing time of each CU for SPCSS that maximizes the achieved system throughput. The simulation results prove that the proposed scheme can signi?cantly improve the throughput of the cognitive radio network compared with the conventional CSS.

Wireless communication chipsets have fixed transmission rate and communication distance. Although there are many kinds of chipsets with throughput and distance purpose, they cannot support various types of wireless applications. This paper provides theoretic research results in order to support various wireless applications requiring different throughput, delayed quality-of-service (QoS), and different communication distances by using a wireless communication chipset with fixed rate and transmission power. As a performance metric, the probability for a data frame that successfully receives at a desired receiver is adopted. Based on this probability, the average number of transmission in order to make a successful frame transmission is derived. Equations are utilized to analyze the performance of a single-hop with channel coding and a dual-hop without error correction matter transmission system. Our results revealed that single-hop transmission assisted by channel coding could extend its communication distance. However, communication range extending effect of the single-hop system was limited. Accordingly, dual-hop transmission is needed to overcome the communication distance limit of a chipset.