Earticle

This study evaluates the spatial accessibility and utilization equity of forest experience centers for young children in Gangwon Province using public data from the Korea Forest Service and the Ministry of Education. A total of 27 forest experience centers and 100 kindergartens were included in the analysis. The results showed that the mean distance to the nearest forest experience center was 8.71 km, and the Gini coefficient was 0.426, indicating a considerable level of spatial inequality. In addition, 63.0% of kindergartens had no accessible facility within a 5 km radius. Independent public kindergartens tended to have lower accessibility than private institutions, although the difference was not statistically significant. At the regional level, Wonju accounted for the highest demand, with approximately 34.4% of total enrolled children, yet only 3.1% of kindergartens were located within 5 km of a facility. In contrast, Cheorwon, Yangyang, and Pyeongchang showed no accessibility within this threshold. These results indicate a dual structure of supply–demand mismatch, characterized by insufficient provision in high-demand urban areas and accessibility blind spots in remote regions. This study proposes a public data-based analytical framework for assessing accessibility and equity, which can support decision-making for facility siting and allocation strategies.

The purpose of this study was to compare the spatial distribution and characteristics of adolescent suicide risk in Busan by distinction and to understand the level of spatial accessibility of public counseling service institutions for prevention and intervention of adolescent suicide. A total of 108 youths living in Busan were extracted from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2010, and 11 districts were analyzed. Using QGIS 3.4 and R, the spatial distribution of suicide risk by region was visualized, the spatial autocorrelation of suicide risk was verified, and the nearest neighbor and cluster analysis were performed. The spatial relationship with adolescent suicide risk was identified by visualizing the distribution of each distinction among public counseling service organizations. The main results of the study are as follows. First, Saha-gu and Sasang-gu showed the highest suicide risk, and Geumjeong-gu and Dongrae-gu had the lowest suicide risk. Second, Haeundae-gu and Dongnae-gu showed the most positive perceptions of the local community. Third, Haeundae-gu and Nam-gu had the largest number of public counseling institutions for youth, while Saha-gu and Sasang-gu, which showed the highest suicide risk, had relatively low distribution of institutions.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the accessibility and equity of automated external defibrillators (AEDs)in areas with a high concentration of older adults and to propose evidence-based policy directions usinggeographic information systems (GIS). Methods: For the secondary analysis, multiple datasets were integrated from the Korea's NationalGeographic Information Institute, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, the Suwon Fire Department,and the Suwon Southern Fire Station, including continuous digital topographic maps, demographicstatistics, AED locations, road networks, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence data. The clusteringand spatial heterogeneity of AED deployment were examined using kernel density estimation andspatial autocorrelation analysis. Service areas reflecting the walking speeds of older adults weredelineated, and equity was assessed using the Gini coefficient. A two-step floating catchment areaanalysis was used to provide supply-to-demand ratios and accessibility indices. Results: AEDs exhibited clustered patterns centered on public locations, and several areas were identified as potential service blind spots, revealing inequities at the neighborhood level. Several AED siteswere insufficient for the local older-adult population, and only a subset of areas demonstrated relativelyhigh accessibility indices. Conclusion: As the population age structure shifts toward older age groups, AED policy criteria should beredesigned to reflect the mobility and accessibility of older adults. Implementing mixed relocationstrategies that incorporate age-friendly criteria, conducting periodic policy performance evaluations,and enhancing AED visibility and tailored education that accounts for the cognitive characteristics ofolder adults will contribute to improving the health of older populations.

Post-disaster relocation, necessitated by housing destruction, displaces people from hazard-prone areas. While the new sites reduce exposure to hazard, the relocation also reshape residents’ daily lives. Relocation can involve an accessibility trade-off between reduced hazard exposure and access to services, despite being a commonly implemented Build Back Better (BBB) measures. Past research evaluated relocation impacts mainly on housing structural quality and hazard risk reduction. However, the existing evaluation frameworks have rarely assessed the impact of relocation on residents’ ability to access essential services. Following the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction disaster, the Indonesian government introduced the Huntap (permanent housing) program, relocating over 11,000 households under the BBB framework. The majority of Huntap sites are located at the urban periphery of Palu City, raising questions about whether residents exchanged hazard exposure for spatial accessibility to daily services. This study aims to evaluates the extent of spatial accessibility changes from pre-disaster settlements to post-disaster relocation sites, focusing on essential urban services (e.g., markets, public transport, schools, mosques) and emergency facilities (e.g., hospital and evacuation sites). Using GIS-based network analysis, we assess changes in accessibility between pre-disaster origin zones (A0) and Huntap destinations (A1) based on weighted travel time score and Cumulative Opportunity Measure (COM). The difference in accessibility scores (ΔA) indicates the size of changes in accessibility at each site. It also shows whether accessibility has improved or declined, revealing variations in urban positioning across Huntap locations. Preliminary findings provide spatial evidence of an accessibility trade-off in Palu’s post-disaster relocation. The proposed method also provides a quantitative measure for evaluating the relocation outcomes of BBB implementation.

공공도서관 접근성은 도서관의 이용에 직접적인 영향을 끼치며, 접근성의 불균형적인 분포는 도서관 서비스의 공평한 제공을 제한하는 결정적인 요인이 된다. 이러한 관점에 근거하여 본 연구는 부산지역 공공도서관의 공간적 접근성을 분석하고, 공간회귀분석을 통해 공공도서관의 접근성 영향요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 부산지역 공공도서관 접근성은 지역별로 편차가 크게 나타나고 있었으며, 공공도서관이 인구수나 대중교통 이용과 무관하게 입지하고 있을 뿐 아니라 사회적 형평성 측면에서도 공공도서관 입지의 효율성이 떨어지는 것으로 볼 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해 부산지역 공공도서관 접근성 현황을 이해하고, 접근성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악할 수 있으며, 향후 공공도서관 접근성 격차 완화 및 신규 입지 선정을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Public library accessibility directly affects library usage, and the disproportionate distribution of accessibility is a decisive factor limiting the equitable provision of library services. In this regard, this study analyzed the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan and identified the factors affecting accessibility of public libraries using spatial regression analysis. As a results of the analysis, the accessibility of public libraries in the Busan showed large deviations by region. Also, spatial distribution of public libraries had no correlation with the settled population and use of public transportation, and location of public libraries was inefficient, in terms of social equity. The results of this study will assist to understand the spatial accessibility of public libraries in Busan, to identify factors that affect the accessibility. Moreover, this study is expected to be utilized as fundamental data for releasing disparities of the spatial accessibility and selecting new location of public library in Busan.

본 연구는 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 이용하여 지역사회서비스 투자사업의 지역간 공간접근성을 분석하고 Geoda를 이용한 공간회귀분석을 진행하여 서비스 유형별 공간접근성 영향요인을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 첫째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업의 지역별 공간접근성 영향요인 분석에 있어 공간자기상관성을 통제한 공간회귀분석의 적용이 필요함을 검증하였다. 둘째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업 서비스 제공 범위가 광역으로 확대 되어야 할 필요성과 그 근거를 제시하였다. 셋째, 지역사회서비스 투자사업 서비스 전달체계에 있어 지역내 제공기관이 부족하거나 이용자의 접근성이 떨어지는 비도시의 경우 전달체계가 재가서비스 중심으로 설계되어야 할 필요성과 근거를 제시하였다.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the spatial accessibility of community social services investment projects by using the geographic information system(GIS) and the spatial accessibility influence factors by service type by using a spatial regression analysis. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it was the first study to analyze the spatial accessibility and the influence factors of institutional visit services and home visit services targeting nationwide users, providers, and personnel providing the services of community social services investment projects. Secondly, it was a presumptive study that applied multi-dimensional analyses including spatial accessibility analysis using GIS and spatial regression analysis using Geoda. Thirdly, it verified that it would be necessary to apply a spatial regression analysis with controlling spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatial accessibility influence factor of community social services investment projects by region. Fourthly, it suggested the necessity of expanding the community social services investment project to a wider area. Lastly, it suggested the necessity and foundation of designing the delivery system with focusing on the home-based service to areas with lacking local providers or having low accessibility(e.g., non-urban areas).

This study aims to empirically evaluate the spatial accessibility and locational suitability of Living SOC facilities in areas where Rural Centrality Activation Projects have been completed. To this end, four case study areas were categorized by their spatial structures, and GIS network and buffer analyses were employed to analyze the coverage of 15-minute driving isochrones and Pedestrian Catchment Areas (PCA). The analysis revealed that, based on vehicle travel, most outlying villages were included within the hub's influence zone, ensuring broad regional mobility. However, from the PCA perspective, which reflects the walking characteristics of the elderly, a spatial disparity in service delivery was identified even within the hub. Notably, the study identified locational inappropriateness, where primary essential living facilities were situated outside the effective walking range. These physical constraints, coupled with the fact that current software (S/W) programs are heavily focused on internal facility activities, suggest that project outcomes struggle to reach the entire living zone without a Mobility Support system for outlying village residents. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy alternatives including the institutionalization of 'Location Optimization Standards for Essential Facilities', the enhancement of mobility-oriented S/W, and the redefining of living zone hubs centered on transportation nodes.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze people’s accessibility to medical institutions providing national gastric cancer screening services in Gangwon-do using a geographic information system(GIS). Methods: To assess the spatial accessibility, network analysis was applied. Two types of network analysis-Service area analysis and origin-destination cost matrix(OD-cost matrix)-were applied to create network dataset. Results: The results of the analysis of the service area revealed that it took more than 60 minutes each to reach tertiary hospitals and general hospitals from 74.4% and 9.6% of Gangwon-do areas, respectively. Similarly, it took more than 60 minutes each to reach hospitals and clinics from 4.2% and 3.4% of Gangwon-do areas, respectively. The results of the OD-cost revealed that there were large regional variations in distance and time taken to reach the medical institutions. Conclusions: there were regional variations of spatial accessibility between Si and Gun in Gangwon-do.

본 연구는 사회복지공급체계의 불평등 현상의 한 단면을 보여주고 있는 공간접근성에 대한 착목으로부터 출발한다. 본 연구는 실증연구로서 사회복지 서비스를 제공하는 사회복지시설의 공간접근성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 특히, 공간접근성 측정에 있어 거리측정과 시간거리측정을 실시하여 이에 대한 비교분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 사회복지조직을 분석단위로 하여 향후 사회복지조직의 실천적 노력을 모색하였을 뿐만 아니라 공간접근성에 대한 실증연구를 통한 정책제언을 한다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다. 주요한 연구결과로는 공간접근성 개입의 대상으로 이동 취약계층인 장애인뿐 아니라 노인, 그리고 이동수단이 취약한 사회복지시설을 포함해야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 사회서비스공급과 교통체계가 취약한 소도시와 농촌지역에서 공간접근성의 불평등 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 무엇보다 공간접근성을 파악하는데 거리측정법을 통해서는 현재 서비스 공급현황의 지역적 불평등을, 시간거리측정법을 통해서는 시간적 노력을 요구해야 하는 서비스 대상을 발견하게 하였으며, 이러한 연구결과는 공간접근성 향상을 위한 사회복지실천 개입에 유용성을 제공할 것이다.

This study starts form the inequity of the spatial accessibility in social services. This study has purpose to descript and analyze the spatial accessibility of social service agencies. While analysing the spatial accessibility, this paper uses comparative method of distance and space-time measures. The results of research are as follows; It needs (1) to enhance the spatial accessibility of the aged and the disabled. (2) to facilitate the spatial accessibility of marginal area or community like rural community. (3) to recognize utilities of distance and space-time measures in the spatial accessibility.

본 연구에서는 공공체육시설의 이용실태와 희망시설에 대한 수요자 특성을 설문을 통하여 분석하고, 현재 공급된 공공체육시설의 공간적 불균형 정도를 중력 포텐셜 모형을 활용하여 측정하며, 향후 수요자 요구에 부합하는 시설의 신규 입지 시 접근성의 변화를 살펴봄으로써 효율적 입지 선정 시 고려될 수 있는 평가기준을 제시하였다. 공공체육시설 수요특성을 설문조사한 결과 현재 이용실태와는 달리 배드민턴, 헬스, 수영 등의 종목을 희망하며, 이러한 활동을 위한 실내체육관의 확충을 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 공공체육시설의 불균형도를 중력 포텐셜 모형을 통하여 분석한 결과 지역별로 큰 편차를 보이고 있었으며, 특히 2025년 인구추정치를 고려하여 분석하였을 때 지역별 공공체육시설로의 접근성은 2015년에 비해 약 60%수준으로 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 시민들이 요구하는 실내체육시설의 입지를 대안별로 가정하여 파주시 전체의 접근성을 비교한 결과, 현재 시설공급이 부족하고 향후 인구증가가 예상되는 문산생활권에 입지하는 것이 전체적인 효율성 측면에서 가장 양호한 대안으로 평가되었다.

This study analyzed the actual conditions of use of public sports facilities and characteristics of the users of the facilities through surveys and measured the spatial imbalance of the public sports facilities currently supplied by using gravity potential model. This study also suggests evaluation criteria that may be considered for efficient location selection by examining the change of accessibility to the facilities that meet the needs of users in the future. As the results of the questionnaire survey, unlike current usage, the users hoped for badminton, weight training and swimming. And we could confirm the demand for the expansion of the multi - purpose indoor gym which can carry out such activities in the areas. As the result of the analysis on the difference in accessibility of the public sports facility, there were some large variations in the regions. It was found that a balanced supply of facilities was needed in terms of equity. In particular, when analyzing by considering the population estimates of 2025, It is analyzed that the accessibility will be reduced to about 60% compared to that of 2015. In addition, it is evaluated as the best alternative in terms of overall efficiency that the location of the facilities should be in Munsan area where population growth is expected in the future.

This study is aimed to analyze whether the movement of targeted urban public facility could contribute to the improvement of facility users' convenience in terms of accessibility. To measure the accessibility, the total travel distance was estimated through multiplying network distance by the number of users as weights. Consequently the spatial efficiency was estimated. To calculate the network distance, the shortest distance was selected using GIS. On the other hand, highly frequented transit route in case of using public transportation was considered as the shortest distance. According to analytical results, the necessity of location and its systematization, in view of the accessibility of facility users, was meaningful in case of Yongsan-gu. Moreover, there was the difference between the accessibility of the shortest distance and that of public transportation, which was calculated based on GIS. The accessibility of public transportation is closer to spatial efficiency and equity. In conclusion, this study suggests the accessibility of public transportation be considered to judge the spatial efficiency of urban public facilities.

In urban environments, spatial equity relates to equal accessibility of urban facilities services and equitable distribution of facilities, regardless of the social position and economic status. This study analyzed the equity of accessibility of Living SOC for Spatial Equity in Suwon, Yongin, Goyang, Seongnam, and Bucheon in Gyeonggi-do. The targets of the analysis are town-level of the walkable Living SOC, and the average land price, the infant population ratio, and the elderly population ratio were utilized to define the socio-economic status. As a result, the difference in accessibility between socio-economic status was found to be closer to Group A than to Group B for accessibility to 12 facility. Independent T test also showed significant differences between groups. Group A, whose percentage of the elderly and infant was lower than the average, was closer to facilities than group B and the difference between the two groups was significant. According to the regression analysis results, the influence on the independent variables ‘infant population ratio’, ‘aged population ratio’, and ‘average land price’ were 4.685, 6.133, -6,589 respectively. Even within large cities with similar conditions, the shortest approach distances by Hangjeong-dong and facillities showed differences between social and economic classes. Further discussions are needed for ensuring fair distribution and access across classes in progress of expanding Living SOC.

서울시는 2013년부터 시민의 심야 시간대 이동 편의를 보장하기 위해 심야버스('올빼미버스') 를 도입하였다. 이는 통신 기반 유동인구 데이터를 활용한 수요 예측에 따라 설계되었으며, 도입 초기부터 높은 이용률을 기록하며 정책적 성과를 인정받았다. 그러나 이러한 노선 설계는 상업지 중심의 노선 배치를 유도해, 주거지에 대한 접근성 및 형평성 측면에서 검토가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시의 주거 유형별 심야버스 접근성의 공간적 불균형을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 건축물대장을 활용하여 주거지를 아파트형, 비아파트형, 취약주거형으로 분류하였다. 이후 각 심야버스 정류장을 중심으로 반경 500 m의 도보 접근 가능 범위를 설정하여 해당 범위 내 주거 유형별 건축물 수를 산정하였다. 자치구 단위로 접근성 비율을 비교하고, 상대적 접근성 차이를 '커버리지율 격차(Coverage Rate Gap)'로 정량화하였다. 분석 결과, 서울시 평균 접근성은 66.5 %로 나타났으며, 자치구별로는 최소 34.6 %(노원구)에서 최대 98.1 %(중구)까지 편차가 나타났다. 특히 성동구의 경우 주거 유형 간 접근성 격차가 최대 30 %에 달해, 이는 주거 유형뿐 아니라 자치구에 따라 접근성 수준이 현저히 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

Since 2013, Seoul has operated a late-night bus service, known as the "Owl Bus," to improve mobility during nighttime hours for its residents. The service was designed based on demand forecasting using mobile communication-based floating population data and has shown high ridership levels since its introduction, receiving recognition as a successful public policy. However, the route design has primarily focused on commercial districts, raising concerns about accessibility and equity for residential neighborhoods. This study empirically analyzes spatial disparities in late-night bus accessibility across different residential types in Seoul. Residential areas were categorized into apartment-type, non-apartment-type, and vulnerable housing types using building registry data. A 500-meter walkable buffer was established around each late-night bus stop to define the accessible area. Within this range, the number of residential buildings by type was calculated. Accessibility ratios were then compared across districts, and the relative difference in accessibility was quantified using a "Coverage Rate Gap" metric. The results indicate that the average accessibility rate in Seoul was 66.5 %, with district-level values ranging from 34.6 % (Nowon-gu) to 98.1 % (Jung-gu). Notably, in Seongdong-gu, the accessibility gap between housing types reached up to 30 percentage points, suggesting that differences in accessibility are influenced not only by housing type but also by district-level geographic conditions.

우리나라는 도시쇠퇴 현상이 지속적으로 나타나고 있으며, 지방 소도시 빈집 발생은 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되기 시작하였다. 대도시를 비롯한 지방 소도시까지 빈집 발생이 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있음에도 빈집에 대한 기초 연구가 매우 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가장 먼저 빈집이 지니는 공간분포 특성을 알아보기 위해 GIS를 활용한 방격분석, 커널밀도 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 충북 옥천군 빈집은 통계적으로 유의한 범위 안에서 일정한 군집 형태와 특성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로는 생활 SOC 시설 접근성에 따른 빈집 분포를 확인하기 위하여 대상지 내 입지하고 있는 주요 생활 SOC 시설과 도로망을 이용하여 GIS 네트워크 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 의료·복지·문화·복지 생활 SOC 시설과 접근성이 양호할수록 빈집 분포가 낮은 것으로 나타났다, 반대로 행정·교육 생활 SOC 시설과의 접근성은 빈집 분포에 중요한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 지방 소도시 빈집 공간분포 특성과 주요 생활 SOC 시설 접근성에 따른 입지적 특성을 규명할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 지방 소도시 빈집 관리 정책, 빈집 정비사업에 활용 가능한 실무적·학술적 가치를 제공함에 연구의 목적과 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

In Korea, the cities continue to deteriorate, while the vacant houses in the small local towns emerge as a serious social problem. Despite the vacant houses emerge as a serious social problem in the small local towns as well as in the large cities, the basic researches into them are yet to be conducted on a full scale. Thus, in order to know about the spatial distribution of the vacant houses, this study conducted the square analysis and the kernel density analysis. As a result, it was confirmed that the vacant houses in Okcheon-gun had certain crowding forms and characteristics at the level of statistical significance. Next, in order to examine the distribution of the vacant houses in terms of the accessibility to the living SOC facilities, the GIS network analysis was performed, focusing on the major facilities and road networks. As a result, it was found that the better the accessibility to the living SOC facilities such as medical and well-being was, the ratio of the vacant houses was lower. In contrast, it was found that the accessibility to the obligatory facilities such as public administration and educational facilities did not have any important effects on the distribution of the vacant houses. All in all, through this study, the spatial distribution of the vacant houses in the small local town and their accessibility to the major SOC facilities could be analyzed.

물리적인 거리 접근성은 도서관 이용자들에게 가장 중요한 변수라고 할 수 있다. 특히, 공공도서관은 지역주민 모두가 어디에서나 편리하게 양질의 도서관 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록 제공해야 할 의무가 있다. 본 연구는 강원도를 사례지역으로 GIS의 접근성 분석을 이용하여 사용자와 도서관의 공간적인 분포의 특징을 분석하였다. 도서관 서비스의 공급 측면에서는 도서관의 좌석수, 소장 자료의 규모, 독서･문화프로그램의 실시 횟수를, 수요 측면에서는 각 지역의 인구수를 각각 가중치로 사용하였다. 분석결과, 강원도의 도서관 분포는 춘천, 원주, 강릉 등 주요 도시지역에 서비스가 집중되어 있고, 상대적으로 넓은 지역을 차지하는 읍･면 등 농촌지역은 매우 취약한 것으로 나타나 지역적 편차가 심각한 것을 확인하였다. 연구의 결과는 강원도 공공도서관의 공간적 분포를 이해하고, 지역주민의 공공도서관 접근성을 높이기 위한 정책수립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Physical accessibility to the library can be the most important variable to the users. In particular, public libraries have to provide various services that are distributed equally to all as a basic right. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of the public libraries and their users in Gangwon province on the regional scale and identify its main characteristics and trends using geographical information systems (GIS). GIS is used to measure accessibility to public libraries services in terms of both factors of supply and demand. This study presents a multivariate analysis of the effects of supply-side factors (e.g., seating capacity, collection size of books, reading, and cultural programs for community) and demand-side factors (e.g., population). Analysis indicates that there are significant differences between rural and urban areas in accessibility for library services in Gangwon province. The results could be used to assist the public library planning and development authorities to understand the spatial distribution of public libraries and to prioritize sites where public library should be developed in order to improve the accessibility for library services in the study area.

This paper addresses a new methodological approach to measure broadband access of urban residential area. The developed accessibility measure extends a typical potential accessibility measure based on the spatial interaction model by incorporating network performance such as the bandwidth and network topological properties as attractiveness of an opportunity. Moreover we examine the spatial patterns in terms of different operational effects on a potential accessibility measure and then discuss implications, based on an empirical example. The developed accessibility measure is computed using a GIS based computational algorithm.

Purpose: Recent concerns regarding the delivery of surgical services in South Korea emphasize the need for close monitoring of spatial access to surgical care in patients with acute appendicitis at the regional level. Materials and Methods: This study included emergency department (ED) visits with acute appendicitis and subsequent appendectomies from the National Emergency Department Information System database (2015?2021). Travel distances to the hospital were measured, and the proportion of patients admitted to regional hospitals was visualized on a geographic map. Factors related to complicated appendicitis were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Among 207344 patients who visited the EDs, those from areas with low population density had higher proportions of patients aged ≥65 years (23.2%), Medical Aid recipients (4.8%), transfers from other hospitals (39.3%), and cases of complicated appendicitis (7.0%) compared to other regions. Additionally, patients in low-density regions had the highest proportion of traveling 50 km or more (27.7%), compared to those in mid-density (5.9%) and high-density (2.5%) regions. In the multivariate analysis, patients aged ≥65 years exhibited a stronger association with complicated appendicitis compared to other age groups. Conclusion: The current results suggested that regions with low population density experienced low access to surgical care, revealing significant regional variation linked to population density. Given the rapidly aging population and the concentration of residents in urban areas in South Korea, urgent policy action is needed to ensure the adequate delivery of emergency general surgery services in low-density regions.

본 연구는 시간지리학 개념을 도입한 새로운 접근성 개념을 통해 공간적 근접성과 단일한 이동 행태를 전제하는 기존의 방법을 비판적으로 검토해보고자 한다. 이를 위해, 미국 Portland Metro 지역의 개인통행자료를 이용해 시공간적 접근성의 공간적 패턴과 근접성의 관계를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 시간지리학의 시공간 프리즘 개념에 기반한 시공간적 접근성은 근접성 외에도 시공간 제약에 따른 다양한 이동성을 고려한 대안적 방법으로 최근 새롭게 주목받고 있다. 기존 방법은 접근성이 도시의 기능 중심성과 유사한 공간패턴을 보일 것으로 예상하지만, 연구결과는 접근성이 근접성보다는 개인의 시공간적 속성에 더 많은 영향을 받는다는 사실을 보여준다. 접근성은 CBD나 도시기회의 고밀도지역을 멀리 벗어난 지역에서 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 같은 지리적 특성을 공유하는 동일 지역이라 할지라도 성별에 따라 다르게 드러났다. 이는 접근성이 거주지뿐만 아니라 다른 공간적 축들(직장, 자녀의 탁아시설등)을 중심으로도 형성되며, 이에 따라 집에서 멀리 떨어진 곳의 도시 기회들이 집 주변의 도시기 회들보다 개인의 접근성에 더 큰 기여를 할 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to critically examine conventional spatial measures of individual accessibility, which are based on the notion of spatial proximity, the single reference location, and the unlinked travel model. Using space-time accessibility measures with the travel-activity diary data set of Portland Metro, US, three expectations from spatial measures on spatial patterns of individual accessibility were empirically examined: (1) does individual accessibility decrease with an increase of distance from the CBD?; (2) does the spatial pattern of accessibility resemble that of urban opportunity density pattern?; and (3) are spatial patterns of individual accessibility of different socio- demographic population groups basically similar as people in the same area share the same geographic characteristics regardless of gender, race, age, and so on? First of all, the results showed that spatial variations in individual accessibility were not directly determined by spatial proximity and opportunity density as suggested by previous accessibility measures. The spatial pattern of individual accessibility was dramatically different from that of urban opportunity density High peaks of accessibility level were found far away from the CBD and regional centers. This finding might be associated with the importance of multi-reference locations and linked travels in shaping accessibility in reality. Furthermore, this study found that spatial patterns of accessibility clearly differ between men and women. These findings suggest that access requires more than proximity, and that the interaction between person-specific space-time constraints and the consequential availability of urban opportunities in space-time renders different accessibility experiences to people even in the same region, which would be one of the key ingredients missing from conventional spatial measures of accessibility.

최근 주5일 근무가 보편화된 이후 오토캠핑장은 휴일을 가족과 함께 보내려는 도시인들에게 재충전을 위한 공간으로서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 오토캠핑장은 도시인들에게 자연을 즐길 수 있는 현장이기에 캠핑장의 공간적인 분포와 캠핑장에 대한 공간 접근성은 도시민들에게 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 캠핑장과의 거리, 캠핑장의 규모 등을 가중치로 하고 통계청의 시군구 단위의 인구통계 데이터를 이용하여 오토캠핑장에 대한 공간접근성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 오토캠핑장은 수도권에 인접한 가평, 포천, 양평 등과 같은 경기서북지역과 춘천, 홍천, 영월 등의 강원도에 많은 수가 분포하고 캠핑장의 접근성은 이러한 지역에 인접한 인구밀집지역에서 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 대중을 위한 서비스 시설로서 캠핑장 신설에 있어 사용자 중심의 접근성을 고려한 공간의사결정에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

Recently as the working five days a week is common to public, the auto camping is playing an important role for urban resident who are going to spend the holiday with the family for recharging. The spatial distribution and the spatial accessibility to camping site have emerged as an important issue for urban resident. Accessibility measure for auto camping place can present how much the demand and supply place can have the interaction. The population of demand site and the number of camping sites can be used for weights on the quantitative analysis. In this study, these weights are used for measuring the accessibility and as results, the camping sites which are adjacent to metropolitan region such as Pocheon, Yangpyung Chuncheon, Hongcheon, Youngwol includes a large number of camping area and has the good accessibility. The results of this study can be expected to help for decision making for more accessible public camping site.

정보통신기술의 발달과 함께 최근 디지털 격차가 사회적으로 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 그간의 연구를 검토함으로써 디지털 격차가 미치는 영향을 공간적인 관점에서 논의하기 위한 기틀을 마련하고, 이를 경험적으로 구체화할 수 있는 방안의 하나로서 사례 연구를 수행하는 것이다. 선행연구에 대한 검토 결과 디지털 격차를 공간적인 측면에서 파악할 때 컨텐츠로서의 정보 자체와 격차가 미치는 결과적 측면에 대한 관심이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 정보통신기술은 물론 공간 정보에 대한 접근 및 활용이 지역이나 개인에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 파악하기 위한 다양한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 이어 공간적 접근성은 디지털 격차의 영향을 공간적 관점에서 파악하기 위한 주요 주제 중의 하나가 될 수 있음을 논의하고, 구체적인 경험 연구의 가능성을 파악하기 위한 일환으로 서울을 대상으로 한 사례 연구를 수행하였다. 예비 분석 결과 디지털 격차는 접근성 혹은 이동성에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이것이 사회적 삶에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 향후 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

There has recently been growing interest in the digital divide with the rapid development of the information and communication technologies (ICTs). The main purpose of this article is to develop a framework for discussing the impacts of the digital divide in a spatial context by the literature review, and to conduct a case study of applying it to concrete empirical research. According to the result of the review, relatively little attention has been given to information itself which is the content of the ICTs, as well as outcomes or consequences of the digital divide in spatial perspective. I pointed out that more empirical studies focusing on the effects of ICTs and geospatial information on individuals and regions should be conducted. Then I suggested that spatial accessibility could be one of the main themes of such research, and carried out a case study of Seoul to identify the feasibility of empirical research. The preliminary analysis of case study showed that the digital divide could have a great impact on spatial accessibility or mobility. Further research is needed to find out the full future implications of that outcome.