Earticle

기술 기반 중소기업은 해외 법인 설립이나 직접 수출 없이도, 선도 고객사의 글로벌 가치사슬에 내재됨으로써 국제적 영향력을 확보할 수 있다. 그러나 국제화 연구는 여전히 해외 매출 비중이나 해외 거점 보유와 같은 기업 중심 지표에 크게 의존해, 네트워 크를 매개로 한 국제화 경로를 과소평가할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 미래 모빌리티 테스트 분야 중소기업인 ACEWORKS 를 대상으로, CEO 심층 인터뷰 2회와 문서 자료의 삼각검증에 기반한 종단 단일사례 연구를 수행하였다. 분석을 통해 ‘네트워크 내재형 간접 국제화’를 제시하며, 이를 중소기업이 선도 고객사의 글로벌 가치사슬 내부에 관계적, 기능적으로 깊이 내재되는 한 편, 해외 매출과 물류는 중소기업 자체의 수출이나 해외 법인을 통해서가 아니라 주로 고객사 명의로 발생하는 국제화 방식으로 정의한다. 사례 증거는 4단계 과정 메커니즘을 보여준다. 즉 (1) 앵커 고객과의 관계를 통해 네트워크 인사이더십을 확보하고, (2) 브로커리지와 오케스트레이션을 통해 고객사를 해외 전문 파트너와 연결하며, (3) 고객사의 글로벌 워크플로우에 기능적으로 내 재되고, (4) 제한적인 해외 매출에도 불구하고 글로벌 R&D 과업 참여 확대, 기회 출현 속도 증가, 평판 확산과 같은 네트워크 성 과가 나타난다. 더 나아가 본 연구는 이러한 메커니즘을 뒷받침하는 예시적 네트워크 성과 지표와 기업 차원의 기반 역량을 제시 하여, 고객 주도 글로벌 생산체계에서 중소기업의 역할 확장이 어떻게 지속되는지 설명한다. 학문적으로는 국제경영과 글로벌 가 치사슬 관점을 연결하는 과정 기반의 네트워크 중심 설명을 제시함으로써, 전통적 국제화 지표가 뚜렷하지 않은 상황에서도 국내 중소기업이 다자 협업과 역할 기반 참여를 통해 국제화할 수 있음을 구체화한다. 마지막으로 복잡한 기술 인터페이스 조정이 핵 심인 B2B 기술 산업에서 중소기업과 선도기업에 대한 시사점을 논의한다.

Technology-based SMEs can attain international influence without establishing foreign affiliates or exporting directly by becoming embedded in a lead customer’s global value chain. Yet internationalization research still privileges firm-centric indicators such as foreign sales shares and owned overseas presence, which can understate network-mediated trajectories. This study examines ACEWORKS, a Korean future mobility testing SME, through a longitudinal single case design that combines two semi-structured CEO interviews with triangulated documentary sources. The analysis introduces network-embedded indirect internationalization, defined as a mode in which an SME becomes deeply embedded, relationally and functionally, within a lead customer’s global value chain while cross-border sales and logistics are booked primarily under the customer’s name rather than through the SME’s own exporting or foreign affiliates. Evidence reveals a four-stage process: the firm (1) secures network insidership with an anchor customer, (2) connects the customer to specialized overseas partners through brokerage and orchestration, (3) becomes functionally embedded in the customer’s global workflows, and (4) generates network outcomes such as expanded participation in global R&D tasks, accelerated opportunity emergence, and reputational spillovers despite limited foreign sales. Beyond delineating this mechanism, the study proposes illustrative network outcome indicators and identifies enabling firm-level capabilities that sustain role expansion in customer-led global production systems. The study’s central contribution is a process-based, network-centric account that bridges international business and global value chain perspectives by specifying how domestic SMEs can internationalize through role-based participation and multi-party coordination, even when conventional internationalization metrics remain muted. Implications are discussed for SMEs and lead firms operating in B2B technology sectors where complex interfaces require intensive coordination.

The differential urbanization model is a theory that analyzes urban growth stage based on residential mobility between cities, and it is possible to examine the linkage structure between primate cities, intermediate cities, and small cities. Therefore, this study analyzes the urban growth stage of the Seoul Metropolitan Region(SMR) from 2001 to 2020 and the change of residential mobility network for each growth stage based on a differential urbanization model. The results are as follows. First, the urban growth stage of the SMR is analyzed Advanced Intermediate City Stage in 2001-2006, Early Small City Stage in 2007-2016 and Advanced Small City Stage in 2017-2020. Second, as with the theory, it is analyzed that the spatial dispersion into small cities has expanded further over the past 20 years in SMR. Third, it is analyzed that the network with Seoul and SMR has weakened over the past 20 years, and the network between small and intermediate cities in SMR has increased. This study can be used as basic data for future planning of SMR.

무선 네트워크를 기반으로 한 대부분의 어플리케이션 서비스에서는 낮은 지연이 요구되지만, 특히 차량 애드혹 네트워크에서는 차량들의 높은 이동성과 정보 전달의 시급성으로 인해 낮은 지연의 실현은 더욱 필수적으 로 요구된다. IT와 자동차 기술이 서로 융합되어 새로운 서비스들이 출현함에 따라 차량 애드혹 네트워크가 광범 위하게 설치되어 운용되고 있고, 따라서 차량 애드혹 네트워크에서의 낮은 지연을 실현시킬 수 있는 전송 기법의 개발은 이러한 차량 네트워크의 기반 통신 기술이 되어 다양한 서비스의 요구조건을 만족시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에 서는 높은 이동성을 지닌 차량 애드혹 네트워크에서의 전송 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 심층 강화학습의 프레임워크 중 하나인 REINFORCE 알고리즘을 기반으로 현재의 채널 상태 및 상태의 천이를 예측하여 최적의 액션을 수행하는 정책을 도출할 수 있다. 광범위한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 기법이 반복적인 수행을 통해 최 적의 정책으로 수렴해 나가는 것을 관찰하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 비교에 사용된 기존 전송 방법과 비교하여 Slotted ALOHA 프로토콜 기준 높은 전송율과 더불어 낮은 지연을 달성함을 보였다.

Although low latency is essential for the majority of application services based on wireless networks, particularly in vehicular ad hoc networks, the implementation of low latency is much more important due to the high mobility of vehicles and the urgency of information transmission. As new services arise from the intersection of information technology and vehicle technology, vehicular ad hoc networks are increasingly established and utilized. Therefore, the development of transmission techniques that can realize low latency in vehicle ad hoc networks can become the basis of such vehicle network communication and thus requirements for various vehicular services can be satisfied. In this research, we introduce a transmission scheme for a highly mobility vehicular ad hoc network. Based on the REINFORCE algorithm, one of the frameworks of deep reinforcement learning, the proposed scheme can forecast the current channel state and its transition, as well as develop a policy for performing the optimal action. It was discovered that the proposed method converges to the optimal policy through extensive simulations and iterative execution. It was shown that the proposed algorithm achieves a low latency with a high transmission rate based on the Slotted ALOHA protocol compared to the existing transmission method used for comparison.

유·무선 혼재 및 이동성이 증가한 환경에서 단말은 링크 분리, 포트 이동, 무선 로밍, 악성 AP(Evil Twin) 등 경계 상황으 로 신뢰 구간을 이탈할 수 있다. 이때 단말이 자동 DHCP 재획득으로 비인가 네트워크에서도 통신을 지속하면 데이터 유출과 공격면 확대로 이어질 수 있다. 본 연구는 트레이 기반 엔드포인트 NAC 에이전트를 설계·구현하고, 연결 맥락이 불명확할 때 격리 우선(Isolation-First) 원칙으로 통신면을 즉시 축소한 뒤 동일망 복귀가 검증된 경우에만 복구를 허용하는 절차를 제안 한다. 단절 확정 시 방화벽 전면 차단과 APIPA 초기화를 결합해 격리하고 NIC는 관측을 위해 ‘사용함’을 유지한다. 복구는 사 용자 의사(키 입력)와 프로파일/DNS suffix, SSID/BSSID, 게이트웨이 IP/MAC, 서브넷, Neighbor 유사도(Jaccard) 등 다중 지문 규칙으로 검증한다. 동일망 검증 592회 중 531회(89.7%)가 통과했고 61회는 실패했다. 실패의 85.2%는 IP 미할당/프로파 일 식별 지연이 확인되었고 로그 기반 평가 시 격리 적용은 약 10초, 정상 복구 중앙값은 60.5초로 관측되었다.

In environments with mixed wired/wireless access and increasing mobility, endpoints can leave the trusted zone due to boundary conditions such as link switching, port moves, Wi-Fi roaming, or malicious access points (Evil Twin). If a device automatically renews DHCP and continues communicating on an unauthorized network, it can increase data-leak risk and expand the attack surface. This study designs and implements a tray-based endpoint NAC agent and proposes an isolation-first procedure: when connection context is unclear, it immediately reduces network exposure and restores access only after verifying a return to the same trusted network. Upon confirmed disconnection, it enforces full firewall blocking and resets to APIPA while keeping the NIC enabled for monitoring. Recovery requires user intent (key input) and multi-fingerprint validation using rules such as profile/DNS suffix, SSID/BSSID, gateway IP/MAC, subnet, and neighbor similarity (Jaccard). In 592 same-network verification attempts, 531 (89.7%) passed and 61 failed; 85.2% of failures were due to missing IP assignment or delayed profile identification. Log-based evaluation showed ～10 seconds to apply isolation and a median of 60.5 seconds for normal recovery.

네트워크 중심전을 위한 무선 애드-혹(Ad-hoc) 네트워크는 기존의 유선 네트워크와는 다르게 고정된 기지국이 존재하지 않고 무선 노드들만으로 구성된다. 무선 애드-혹 네트워크 내에서는 노드 자체의 에너지 제약과 잦은 이동으로 인해 네트워크 단절이 빈번하게 발생하게 된다. 그러므로 무선 애드-혹 네트워크 분야에서는 노드의 이동성에 따른 토폴로지 변경에 유연하게 반응하면서 전송 경로의 신뢰성을 향상시키는 기법이 반드시 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 AOMDV 라우팅 프로 토콜을 이용하여 경로 탐색 시에 응답하는 노드의 이동성을 고려하여 경로를 선택하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법을 적용함으로써 전송 경로의 신뢰성을 향상시켜 경로가 단절되어 재탐색 하는 횟수를 줄일 수 있다.

Mobile Ad-hoc Network for Network Centric Warfare(NCW), which is different from existent wired network, consists of mobile nodes without immobile base station. In mobile ad-hoc network, network cutting has occurred frequently in node because of energy restriction and frequent transfer of node. Therefore, it requires research for certain techniques that react softly in topology alteration in order to improve reliability of transmission path. This paper proposes path selection techniques to consider mobility of node that respond when search path using AOMDV routing protocol. As applying proposed techniques, We can improve reliability and reduce re-searching number of times caused by path cutting.

In this paper we suggest a preventive measure of the problems that supplement existing methods of downward route management. In this measure, strong points of each two downward routing mode(storing mode, non-storing mode) are used in combination. A convergence of these two modes solve the shortage of storage space. The suggested method could overcome limitations of RPL standard downward routing methods.

본 논문에서는 무선 랜 방식을 적용한 서비스 로봇의 이동성을 위한 통신거리 성능평가 방법을 제안한다. 서비스 로봇은 서비스의 분류에 따라 모바일 통신 시스템의 기능을 갖추고 있고 , ISM밴드(2.4GHz와 5.8GHz)의 무선 랜(IEEE802.11a/b/g/n) 통신 방식을 선호하고 있다. 이러한 서비스 로봇의 이동 성에 대한 무선 데이터 열화 성능을 평 가하기 위해서 실질 필드 환경에서 거리감쇄 상관기법을 활용한 기준 벡터를 측 정하여 제시하였다. 성능평가 방법은 기준 벡터의 Path Loss를 Azimuth 301W 장비에 대입하고, 시험 시료의 전송속도 및 송수신되는 처리량은 Chariot로 측정한다. 제안한 측정방법은 모바일 스마트 디바이스와 서비스 로봇의 이동성 을 위한 무선 랜 통신거리 확보에 필요한 성능평가 방법이다. 또한 모바일 스마트 디바이스 업체들이 무선 랜 이동성 통신거리 성능평가를 위한 평가 방법 으로 활용 할 수 있다.

This paper proposes a communication distance performance evaluation method for mobility of service robots equipped with a Wi-Fi module. Service robots have function of mobile communication system according to classified services and utilize a (preferred) communication method, wireless lan(IEEE802.11a/b/g/n) communication method of ISM band(2.4GHz and 5.8GHz). For evaluating degradation performance of wireless data for the service robot’s mobility. We measured and presented reference vectors obtained by utilizing a distance attenuation correlation method in the real world environment. To evaluate performance of the proposed method, path loss of reference vectors was assigned to the Azimuth 301W and then transmission rate and the transmit throughput of the test sample were measured by the Chariot. The proposed measurement method is necessary for securing wireless LAN communication distance for mobility of mobile smart device and service robots. In addition, if the proposed measurement method os adopted, It would be expected that mobile smart device vendors would utilize the method as an effective wireless LAN mobility communication distance performance evaluation method.

최근 복수개의 단말을 가진 사용자들이 끊김없는 연결성을 유지하기 위한 망 이동성 지원에 관한 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 LISP 구조에서 망 이동성 지원 스킴을 제안하였다. 제안된 스킴에서 모바일 라우터 접속동안에 맵 서버에서 EID-to-RLOC 매핑 데이터베이스가 리프레쉬(refresh)된다. 또한 이동 망을 위한 자연스런(smooth) 핸드오프를 지원하기 위한 맵 갱신 방법을 제안하였으며, 성능 분석을 위해 제안된 스킴을 NEMO와 비교하였다.

Network mobility support has been taken into consideration for users who have multiple terminals to enjoy the seamless connectivity. This paper proposes a network mobility support scheme in the LISP architecture. During the mobile router attachment, the EID-to-RLOC mapping database is refreshed in the map server. Furthermore, map update is developed to support smooth handoff for the mobile network. An analysis of performance is given by comparing the proposed scheme with NEMO.

The mobile networks play a vital role in the information and communication technology. There are two kinds of mobility supported by mobile networks such as host mobility and network mobility. The enhancement of Quality of Service (QoS) in NEtwork MObility (NEMO) environment is more complex than host mobility environment. One of the complexities in NEMO environment is routing of packets. The routing algorithms play a significant role in enhancing QoS. This necessitates looking into the weaknesses of existing routing algorithms. Based on the weaknesses, we have already proposed a Delay-Sensitive Routing for NEMO (DSRNEMO) to enhance the QoS in NEMO environment with respect to delay parameter. The objectives of this paper are to derive a mathematical model for DSRNEMO and to simulate the operations of DSRNEMO. The outcome of the mathematical model and simulation results show that the DSRNEMO gives better results than the existing algorithm, NEMO. Ultimately, this paper contributes to enhance the QoS in mobile networks.

It is generally known that network simulator is a program used to verify new or existing network architecture and its activities. Basically network simulator helps to implement the virtual part of network research. This has save a lot of cost on analysis as the results of a network simulator is very close to real network cases. In recent researches, new models and prototypes are introduced to enable latest technologies support on network simulators. Some well-known network simulators are NS2, NS3, OMNET++ and QUALNET. As network research continues to grow rapidly, there is a need to analyze the supports and services offered by each network simulators. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze these network simulators in term of network mobility supports. This is because network mobility management has become a crucial topic in networking research. In selecting the right network simulators, issues such as CPU utilization, memory usage, computation time, feasibility, scalability and affordability need to be wisely studied. Using qualitative analysis this paper highlights the strengths and the limitations of these network simulators. The qualitative evaluations of these simulators are hereby presented.

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) was initially introduced to assist unicast network-based mobility. In recent years, new approaches have been introduced to provide multicast support in PMIPv6. IP multicast is an imperative mechanism for internet video provision. As the usage of internet data traffic remains to develop rapidly, there is a need to optimize and improve the performance of multicast service. Issues such as large overhead, high packet loss rate, single point of failure, service disruption time, handover latency, and non-route optimization needs to be tackled efficiently. To provide multicast services in PMIPv6, route optimization, global mobility, load balancing and context transfer approaches have been introduced. The foremost aim of this paper is to study and analyze these methods via qualitative analysis. This is to focus the advantages and the limitations of the current approaches.

Mobile IPTV applications are becoming very popular worldwide. According to CISCO research, mobile Internet video usage is increasing rapidly each year and soon reaching zettabyte threshold in 2019. With the increase number of traffic, it is a great effort for internet service provider to provide acceptable network performance. The objective of this paper is to mathematically evaluate a new proposed mobile multicast technique to support high performance mobile IP traffic. The new technique enhanced multicast services in Network Mobility Management which is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). The evaluation is done using mathematical equations that are derived from signaling call flow of the multicast process in the proposed technique. Results are analyzed and compared with the current base solution technique. Using mathematical analysis this paper validates and highlights the strengths of the proposed technique compared to the existing technique.

Wireless Sensor Nodes (SNs) in Internet of Things (IOT), have revolutionized and changed the perspective of internet. With the introduction of IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN), it is possible to connect these constrained devices to IPv6 Networks and transmit IPv6 packets. Mobility of such devices is achieved by deploying/installing them on many mobile (moving) objects including mobile gadgets, physical objects (living or non-living) etc. Therefore it requires sufficient Mobility Management Schemes for data transmission. Host based mobility protocols; MIPv6 and its extensions are not suitable for resource constrained devices. In this paper, our focus is to study PMIPv6 based mobility management and different Scenarios based on it along with sensor’s mobility. Although existing research has made many improvements in terms of HO latency but less attention has paid towards signaling cost and packet loss, particularly in time critical areas. The study provides the complete survey of network based mobility management schemes, 6LoWPAN mobility and challenges associated with them.

One of the main requirements that need to be enhanced for smart home networking is mobility. The capabilities of smart homes could be enormously enhanced if equipped with mobility allowing the users an autonomous control over the home devices and equipment. This paper presents a discussion of the concepts of proxy mobile IPv6 applied to smart home networks in order to spontaneously control the home devices and equipment while the home owner is mobile. An overview of the concepts of smart homes and proxy mobile IPv6 are also presented.

Globalized cities are currently showing changes due to autonomous driving (AD). It is also maximizing globalization connections in cities where autonomous mobility is as complex as AD. The purpose of this study is to reveal that cities that realize AD and mobility will grow into globalized cities. Several cities, including New York and Shanghai, have attempted and are in progress, but failed cities are increasing. Although the technology of AD and the trust of citizens are prioritized, the city that has built the city's infrastructure is expected to be a city that has succeeded in AD. This is because commercialized cities or AVs will become hubs for mobility globalization, excluding rapid climate change or AV companies, and empirical analysis has been conducted that if AVs fail in metropolitan New York due to urban complexity (population density), urban economy size (GRDP), patents, number of consumers, infrastructure public EV chargers, and road quality. It examines whether the realization of AD by region and country affects overall national innovation. As a result, even if AV succeeds in large cities such as New York, Seoul, which has a higher population density (complexity), has a negative meaning, and a more similar Tokyo has a positive meaning. It can be seen that regional research on AV should also be prioritized in large cities such as Shanghai. This means that in order for AV to be realized in each city, the construction of AI infrastructure data must be actively changed to establish globalization of cities for economic growth as autonomous mobility.

Cell selection/reselection and handover (HO) are important mobility features and challenges of wireless cellular system. When network topology transforms from macro-only to heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployment, the imbalance of transmitted power and coverage area of different kinds of cells in HetNet introduce more challenges to those two important processes. In this paper, we investigate and elaborate some new algorithms and strategies to meet those challenges. On cell selection/reselection, there are two directions in associating more UEs with small cells, one is RSRP-based by introducing a empirical bias to expand small cells’ coverage area, the other is fairness-based to maximize the system throughput and usage of resources. As to more important and difficult HO process, the proposed methods include optimizing the parameters of event A3, handling time to trigger(TTT), optimizing HO process and utilizing inter-cell interference coordination algorithm(ICIC) etc, to maximize the usage of capability of deployed small cell. The presented new algorithms and strategies promise specific performance improvement with introducing receivable time and computing complexity.