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On the basis of traffic control strategy put forward by the paper, we designed a model of P2P traffic control based on IPv6, and redesigned the IPv6 header supporting P2P identification, and realized the model of the flow control module which has been proved that this function module can effectively manage P2P business flow with bandwidth management and flow rate limit. The P2P traffic identification and control model in this paper can effectively identify and control P2P business flow in the Internet. So it can contribute to reasonable network planning and effective traffic management.

Performance estimation is a most important study part in WSN and a prosperity of literature exists in this area. IN WSN, DOS attacks are known as threats that is an extremely serious threat due to the resources feature. Applications of the WSNs are transitioning to real-world, where they face attacks already skilled through the WAN and Internet. DOS is one form of attacks, which we will believe only become large common as accessible and sensor networks. WSN devices include limitations of the inherent resource, they are most receptive to the consumption and laying waste of these weak resources. In this paper on the basis of energy and distance of base station elect a zone head. The simulation of the proposed work concludes that the results of the approach are good it provides better results in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio.

Maximize coverage and prolong the network lifetime for wireless sensor networks has become one of the key topics of research. For this, put forward a kind of node scheduling strategy based on covering algorithm. The algorithm by Poisson distribution model structure node density formula, according to the node density formula in the monitoring region deploying to effective coverage; On the other hand, through the node state scheduling mechanism updates as well as to the neighbor node, can be made of residual energy of nodes and monitoring the area sensor the node energy consumption balance, so as to prolong the network lifetime goal. The simulation results show that, the algorithm cans not only useless nodes completely too effective coverage, improve the coverage while optimizing the cyber source configuration, prolong the network lifetime.

In this paper, an end-to-end TCP throughput control mechanism called DARCA has been presented. DARCA controls TCP throughput through introducing extra packet drop rate or round trip time. The extra packet drop rate and round trip time are calculated from Throughput Control Mode. It provides single point control of end-to-end TCP throughput even if some of the bottlenecks are remote. DARCA identifies remotely bottlenecked TCP connections and provide polices of excess bandwidth redistribution. Further, per class control mechanism is used to reduce the overhead of rate enforcement. Simulation results show that DARCA gives good policy-based throughput control performance for both homogeneous and heterogeneous TCP connections.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has grown vastly in the past few years and pointing out the crucial need for scalable and energy efficient network. Routing in WSN is challenging task because of limited resources of available energy and processing power. On the basis of network structure, routing protocol in WSN can be classified into two different categories such as flat routing and cluster-based or hierarchical routing. In literature review, researchers proposed a number of routing protocols in WSN. In which cluster-based routing protocols shows better performance as compare to other routing protocols. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a review on some efficient cluster-based routing protocols with advantages and limitations.

Plant sap flow detection plays an important role in water consumption research and plant growth rule. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can effectively realize that transmit the data back to PC. How to prolong the service life of wireless sensor network with the limited energy is a key point. To solve the problem, a novel energy-efficient division-frame MAC (DF-MAC) protocol applied for Wireless Sensor network to detect plant sap flow is proposed in this paper. The idle listening time is shorten in DF-MAC, and wireless equipment is operated in low power of sleep mode to save energy when data transmission is not occurred. DF-MAC has two major characteristics: low number of collisions and low duty cycle. The nodes of sensor in DF-MAC have shorter listening time that would save the power of communicating with other nodes. The number of collisions is minimized in DF-MAC which can save the energy required to send data packages again. According to the consequences of simulation, the energy depletion of DF-MAC Protocol is much lower compared with the existing MAC. DF-MAC is of theoretical and applied significant for plants sap flow measurement in practice.

Accurate location information is critical to many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) such as target tracking, environmental monitoring and geographical routing. Localization aims to figure out the locations of unknown nodes based on global locations of anchors and inter-node distance measurements. However, the existence of outlier anchors and outlier distances degrade localization accuracy in many localization algorithms. Most existing outlier detection approaches focus on distance outlier detection; few efforts have been devoted to anchor outlier detection. In this paper, we propose a mobile-assisted approach to detect outlier anchors and mitigate their negative effects in localization to achieve high localization accuracy. The proposed approach, namely Mobile-Assisted Anchor Outlier detection (MAAO),employs a mobile element to traverse the wireless sensor network several times to collect position information from static anchors in the network. For every static anchor, the mobile element computes the average of the anchor’s positions acquired from all tours, and compare it with the position acquired from the last mobile tour to detect whether the anchor is an outlier or not. The evaluation results show that MAAO can effectively detect outlier anchors, which consequently results in remarkable improvement in localization accuracy by not using outlier anchors in the localization process.

This paper theoretically analyzes the performance of distributed-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFO) using zero-forcing (ZF) detection. Considering both the large-scale fading and the multipath fading of the wireless channel, we derive the average power of the inter-carrier interference (ICI) due to the CFOs and thus obtain the expression for the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). By analyzing the underlying characteristics of the ZF detection, we address the reason for the inaccuracy of the conventional SINR expression and propose a novel modified SINR expression with better precision, and hence obtain a closed-form expression for the bit error rate (BER) performance with the presence of multiple CFOs. It is shown by the analytical and simulation results that the analytical SINR obtained by the conventional expression appears lower than actually while the analytical SINR and BER obtained by the expressions presented in this paper are more accurate and closer to the corresponding simulation results.

This paper describes the concept of routing in wireless sensor networks. Routing algorithm provides reliable path from source to destination. Energy efficiency is main constraint in Wireless Sensor Networks. For improving life time and energy consumption various routing algorithms have been proposed. In this paper describe the hierarchical routing techniques. Hierarchical routing includes tree based routing, cluster based routing, chain based protocol, and grid based routing. And also compare the hierarchical routing techniques.

This article studied the GTS allocation mechanism of the IEEE802.15.4 protocol. Firstly, it discusses the existing deficiencies in the standard and studies the advantages and disadvantages of other improved algorithm. A mechanism is proposed in this paper breaking the original standard fixed GTS timeslot number firstly and making the time slot allocation more flexible. Secondly, it considers the demand that some nodes have special request for time delay and bandwidth, it analysis the constraints by using network calculus theory and tests nodes whether meet the allocation principle. Finally, it allocates the resources for nodes which meet the demand using their priority. Experiments show that this improved GTS allocation mechanism raises the time slot bandwidth utilization rate, satisfy the special requirements for some nodes, reduce the packet delay.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) usually include a large number of small-sized battery powered sensor nodes that integrate sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. Nowadays, Wireless Sensor Networks are very attractive topic that is still in the state of active development. In this work conventional reprogramming agents of Wireless Sensor Networks are analyzed and performance and efficiency of existing reprogramming agents is researched. Suggestions about the modifications are also proposed to improve its performances. Performances of the Completion Time, Suppression and Energy Consumption for reprogramming protocols are examined and important conclusions are made. Results show that S2Torrent with Selective approach protocol gives the best results.

Choosing a reasonable Rescue route guarantees emergency rescue command center to start the rescue work timely and effectively. In this paper, use the optimal path choice of public emergencies as an entry point of research build a post-disaster Ad Hoc net through wireless sensor technology, use the limited sensor resources to meet the rescue vehicle path optimization problem. Ant Colony Algorithm absorb the behavior of insect kingdom ant, use internal search mechanism to introduce sensor networks useful information, Fully consider the impact of the road traffic rescue vehicle travel time because of changes the traffic capacity, from rescue vehicles transport resources’ two factors -the timeliness and economy, maximize meet the transport requirements of post-disaster emergency relief material to reduce the aid does not lead to timely the direct and indirect losses, maximize meet the transport requirements of post-disaster emergency relief material to reduce the aid does not lead to timely the direct and indirect losses. The simulation results show that the design of the optimal path to solve the disaster relief vehicles have obvious advantages and important practical significance.It Improved ant colony algorithm can quickly build a optimal routing, improve the efficiency of path optimization, effectively reduce the node energy consumption and ensure the whole network energy balance.

Mobile IPTV applications are becoming very popular worldwide. According to CISCO research, mobile Internet video usage is increasing rapidly each year and soon reaching zettabyte threshold in 2019. With the increase number of traffic, it is a great effort for internet service provider to provide acceptable network performance. The objective of this paper is to mathematically evaluate a new proposed mobile multicast technique to support high performance mobile IP traffic. The new technique enhanced multicast services in Network Mobility Management which is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). The evaluation is done using mathematical equations that are derived from signaling call flow of the multicast process in the proposed technique. Results are analyzed and compared with the current base solution technique. Using mathematical analysis this paper validates and highlights the strengths of the proposed technique compared to the existing technique.

Under the circumstance that China Tower unified construction of 4G telecommunications infrastructure, how do the three operators fairly and reasonably share the telecommunications infrastructure cost is the key problem of Chinese telecom industry at present, and also is a hot issue for scholars. To alleviate this problem, after comparing the advantages and disadvantages of current methods of cost allocation, this paper try to introduce risk correction factor into Shapley Value algorithm, and propose a cost allocation model of telecom infrastructure co-construction based on the fixed Shapley Value algorithm. The validity and practicability of the method have been proved by the test of the actual calculation. With the help of this model, it is able to provide a more effective strategy for the cost allocation problem in the construction of China's telecom infrastructure.

In this paper we investigate the applications of Rademacher functions in 3GPP mobile communication systems which are currently most widely being deployed in the world. Although the equations are simple enough to be expressed as signs of sine functions, it is very hard to find the limit of the usefulness in modern communication systems such as 3GPP and 3GPP2 society. In this paper we narrow the scope of the applications to 3GPP mobile communication systems for the better understanding, where the functions are used for OVSF code, TFCI and CQI codings.

S3 Computing requires distributed computing performed by social network platform has high scalability and security. Protocol models meeting the requirements of S3 Computing not only ensure the correctness and robustness of distributed computing, but also reduce risks introduced by involvement of nodes with low reputation in computing. These models safeguard the data collections and computations performed on platform of teacher’s learning community for social researches. This paper constructs a protocol model entitled which adapts platform of teacher’s learning community and meets the requirements of S3 Computing. This protocol model is the key step of implementing distributed computations on learning community platform.

In this letter, optimal power control and time resource allocation schemes are considered in wireless relay network, which two users communicate with each other assisted by an energy harvesting relay that gathers energy from the received signal by applying a time switching scheme and forwards the received signal by using the harvesting energy. It is focused on the optimal power control and time resource allocation for the system to cooperate the power transfer and information transmission among three nodes in Decode-and-Forward (DF) mode. Specifically, time ratios for three transmission phases are firstly investigated. Then, we proposed to formulate the power optimization problem with energy constraint. Since the transmission duration of the transmitter is not fixed, the energy constraint instead of power constraint is more reasonable to evaluate the system performance. Through some variables substitution, we demonstrate that it is a convex problem. It can be solved efficiently by convex optimization technology. Simulation results are demonstrated that the performance of the proposed algorithm outperform than the fixed and semi-fixed traditional methods.

It is well-known, that one of the key characteristics of a Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is the randomized movement of nodes (in this case, automobiles). For this to transpire, the routing protocols in the VANET have to swiftly respond to the network topology change with the purpose of guaranteeing successful data packet delivery. Hence, multiple routing pathways are therefore arranged in order to improve on reliability and on limited bandwidth which further lead to advanced transmission. In this paper, a minor modification has been made to the AODV routing protocol in the form of an accumulator, which inherently, helps to reduce the number of data packets present in the network at any instant which consequently, decreases the data traffic and eases the congestion in any network. VANETs have been receiving greater attention from both, industries as well as academic researchers and our proposed idea will help to improve its efficiency.

Aiming at the requirement of the autonomous time synchronization in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), an algorithm for inter-satellite autonomous time synchronization and ranging is proposed. Based on the establishment of the inter-satellite link length model of the BDS, a series of simulation has been carried out through the use of STK (Satellite Tool Kit), which includes the simulation of the length changing rules, the length variation scale and its variation ratio. Based on these simulations, an analysis of the impact of satellite motion on the inter-satellite two-way time synchronization and range has been presented. In this algorithm, the inter-satellite clock-offset and range with minimal error are acquired by utilizing the combination of clock-offset fitting polynomial and range fitting polynomial based on the least square fitting of data generated from the inter-satellite two-way time synchronization. Empirical evaluation of the BDS simulation shows that our time synchronization error is 2ns, and ranging error is 2m under the condition of acceptable simulation error. With the application of the algorithm to the inter-satellite autonomous time synchronization and ranging, the high-accuracy measurement of inter-satellite clock-offset and range of BDS can be reached.

This paper is on the background of the applied communications of automated vehicle in the multi-hop environment. The paper provides a dynamic time-slot assignment protocol for the ground wireless sensor network (WSN), based on TDMA. By interacting of the two-hop neighboring nodes information, the protocol finishes the dynamic time-slot assignment, realizes the efficient and fair sharing of channel, reduces the transfer delay of the end-to-end burst data, meets the communication demand of assignment on-demand in WSN, and prolongs the life-time of the network with the virtual backbone mechanism. The theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that the protocol provided has better adaptability for the burst network services and topological variation, comparing to the traditional static mac layer protocol in the TDMA system.

The battery of a sensor node in a wireless body sensor network is small, and therefore has a short lifetime. In consequence, intensive research is being conducted on schemes to efficiently utilize the energy of a sensor node. This paper proposes a new scheme to combine a transmission power control (TPC) model, which is a technology used to heighten energy efficiency in existing body sensor networks, with a low power medium access control (MAC) protocol. This model integrates the short preamble scheme of the existing X-MAC protocol and the TPC model, by combining an early ACK packet and a transmission power control packet. Our scheme efficiently transmits data by predicting the appropriate transmission power before transmitting data packets. We experiment with a TPC algorithm, and analyze the result in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.

With the development of mix-net, the basic properties of mix-net cannot satisfy all the requirements of people. The verifiable mix-net raised in response to the proper time and conditions. In this paper, we study the problem of simultaneously achieving several security properties, for mix-nets and verifiability mix-nets. More precisely, under different assumptions and requirements, verifiability mix-nets have more extra security properties than mix-nets. The basic properties of mix-nets contain correctness, privacy, robustness, availability and efficient. The extra properties of verifiability mix-nets contain universal verifiability, unconditional anonymous, receipt-freeness. This paper summarizes all of the security properties, and defines them explicitly and systematically.

A method is promoted to eliminate the noise of the speech signal in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) underwater acoustic communication system based on the wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction. The wavelet packet decomposition is accomplished by analyzing the different wavelet transform coefficient distribution characteristics of the signal and the noise. The speech signal is stratified to determine the best wavelet packet decomposition tree, the threshold value is quantified, and the wavelet packet decomposition is completed. The threshold value can be used to eliminate signal noise. Finally, the transmitted signal is reconstructed by the inverse transformation of the wavelet packet. The computer simulation results show that the method of wavelet packet decomposition is worked for the speech signal processing in the OFDM underwater acoustic communication system. For the speech signal transferred in the underwater acoustic channel, the noise can be eliminated and the valid signal can be kept effectively.

This paper proposes a novel scheduling algorithm using multi-channel and multi-timeslot with the objective of reducing the end-to-end (e2e) delay in a tree-based wireless sensor network. The algorithm exploits a staggered timeslot allocation in terms of e2e paths, rather than the one with individual branches. It also increases simultaneous data transmissions. The proposed algorithm is shown to be superior to an existing algorithm with non-e2e delay based, in terms of e2e delay.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) model is proposed. The model is based on the hypergraph theory which partitions the topology structure of the WSN. The partition is performed intermittently to optimize the structure of the WSN. Compared with HEED, the proposed model preforms better to extend the network lifetime. Although the model is centralized, it is applicable for most scenarios where a distributed model is needed.

Network security with encryption and decryption technology to complete the application layer, but this technology will bring computing resources and a waste of energy, particularly in these two resources are limited wireless communication system for this problem, we use a large-scale multi-antenna technology, using beamforming algorithm in power and spectrum limited conditions, to maximize the mutual information system security, the simulation results demonstrate the ability to secure transmission algorithms can effectively improve the system.