Earticle

This study designed a model-based Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) software for electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have transitioned from conventional powertrains (e.g., engines and transmissions) to electric powertrains. The primary role of the VCU is to determine the optimal torque for driving control. This decision is based on the driver's power request and current road conditions. The determined torque is then transmitted to the electric drive system, which includes motors and controllers. The VCU employs an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and calibrated reference torque to enhance the electric vehicle's performance. The designed VCU software further refines the final reference torque by comparing the control logic with the torque calculation functions and ANN-generated reference torque. Vehicle tests confirmed the effective optimization of vehicle performance using the model-based VCU software, which includes an ANN.

This paper presents a novel approach in the design of a CAM for an asynchronous cache. The architecture of cache mainly consists of four units: control logics, content addressable memory, completion signal logic units and instruction memory. The pseudo-DCVSL is useful to make a completion signal which is a reference for handshake control. The proposed CAM is a very simple extension of the basic circuitry that makes a completion signal based on DI model. The cache has 2.75KB CAM for 8KB instruction memory. We designed and simulated the proposed asynchronous cache including CAM. The results show that the cache hit ratio is up to 95% based on pseudo-LRU replacement policy.

Recently, one of the most vital advancement in the field of finance is high-performance trading using field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The objective of this paper is to design high-performance Black Scholes option trading system on an FPGA. We implemented an efficient Black Scholes Call Option System IP on an FPGA. The IP may perform 180 million transactions per second after initial latency of 208 clock cycles. The implementation requires the 64-bit IEEE double-precision floatingpoint adder, multiplier, exponent, logarithm, division, and square root IPs. Our experimental results show that the design is highly efficient in terms of frequency and resource utilization, with the maximum frequency of 179 MHz on Altera Stratix V.

When a crime occurs, the information necessary for solving the case, and various pieces of the evidence needed to prove the crime are collected from the crime scene. The tangible residues collected through scientific methods at the crime scene become evidence at trial and a clue to prove the facts directly against the offense of the suspect. Therefore, the scientific investigation and forensic handling for securing objective forensic in crime investigation is increasingly important. Today, digital systems, such as smartphones, CCTVs, black boxes, etc. are increasingly used as criminal information investigation clues, and digital forensic is becoming a decisive factor in investigation and trial. However, the systems have the risk that digital forensic may be damaged or manipulated by malicious insiders in the existing centralized management systems based on client/server structure. In this paper, we design and implement a blockchain based digital forensic management model using Hyperledger Fabric and Docker to guarantee the reliability and integrity of digital forensic. The proposed digital evidence management model allows only authorized participants in a distributed environment without a central management agency access the network to share and manage potential crime data. Therefore, it could be relatively safe from malicious internal attackers compared to the existing client/server model.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a physical restraints education program using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) model and examine its effects on physical restraint-related knowledge, attitudes, nursing practices, and person-centered care of nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 54 nursing care providers (intervention group=27, control group=27) in long-term care hospitals from B city. The IMB model-based education program was developed and implemented once a week for 3 weeks. The program involved brain writing, lectures, poster or slogan creation, writing diary to reduce the use of restraint, and shouting slogans. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires at pretest, immediately after the program completed (3 weeks after pretest), and 4 weeks after completing the program (7 weeks after pretest). Analysis was conducted using χ²-test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. Results: The participants consisted of nurses (40.7%), nursing assistants (40.7%), and care workers (18.5%). The education program had statistically significant effects on knowledge (F=46.38, p<.001), attitude (F=42.70, p<.001), nursing practice (F=31.29, p<.001), and person-centered care (F=27.74, p<.001) regarding physical restraints. The intervention’s effects remained for 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention. Conclusion: This education program effectively enhanced nursing care providers’ knowledge, attitude, nursing practice, and person-centered care concerning physical restraints. Future research is warranted to provide a regularly repeated program and evaluate the direct effects on the frequency of physical restraints for nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals.

Researchers in Korea and elsewhere have carried out a wide variety of important research activities in their respective fields, producing valuable research results. For such diverse research results to be shared and exchanged among researchers working in the same discipline and research subject there needs to be a community environment based on free utilization of information. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to classify and reprocess the reference/factual content owned by the KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information), a state-run distributor of information on science and technology, by the different research subjects. It also seeks to develop and provide a community model based on the concepts of open archiving and open access for the researchers specialized in the related fields of research. This community model is developed focusing on the research results from the field of bioscience, where the most extensive studies are currently being conducted. To develop the community model, this study: (a) surveys the current status of the content owned by KISTI; (b) analyzes the patterns and characteristics of biological scientific content among the KISTI-owned content; and (c) designs a web platform where researchers can freely upload/download research results.

Research on wireless sensor networks has focused on the monitoring and characterization of large-scale physical environments and the tracking of various environmental or physical conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and wind speed. We propose a stochastic mobility model that can be applied to a MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork). environment, and apply this mobility model to a newly proposed clustering-based routing protocol. To verify its stability and durability, we compared the proposed stochastic mobility model with a random model in terms of energy efficiency. The FND (First Node Dead) was measured and compared to verify the performance of the newly designed protocol. In this paper, we describe the proposed mobility model, quantify the changes to the mobile environment, and detail the selection of cluster heads and clusters formed using a fuzzy inference system. After the clusters are configured, the collected data are sent to a base station. Studies on clustering-based routing protocols and stochastic mobility models for MANET applications have shown that these strategies improve the energy efficiency of a network.

To address the high complexity, poor real-time performance, and the prevalence of false positives and false negatives in current algorithms for detecting small-target pollutants on UAV-based building facades, this study proposes SDS-YOLOv8. The spatial pyramid pooling structure in the backbone is enhanced to improve feature representation. DySample is incorporated into the neck to adaptively adjust sampling points based on the image feature distribution. Additionally, the SCAM module is introduced to improve the memory of important information, and the loss function is further optimized. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm is significantly improved, exhibiting strong generalization capability.

Purpose: To examine the effects of a spousal participation health promotion program (health promotion program, HPP) based on Cox’s Interaction Model of supporting husbands’ health behavior compliance following a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 52 participants (26 in each group) completed the study. The researchers conducted pretest and posttest at 12-week intervals on 26 control groups. Those in the 26 experimental groups attended in the entire 12-week program with pretest and posttest. Also, 10 control groups who wished to receive the intervention were given the opportunity to participate in the HPP for 3 weeks and were provided with the materials used from weeks 4 through 12 after completion of the study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test were conducted. Results: Spousal participation HPP was effective in promoting participants’ marital compatibility and health behavior compliance. Conclusion: Spousal participation HPP was an effective intervention for reducing body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, enhancing marital harmony, and promoting health behavior compliance among middle-aged and older men who underwent PCI. Therefore, it is recommended to actively utilize the spousal participation HPP as an effective intervention strategy for health management of this population.

The purpose of constructing university information system is for improvement in diversification and throughput of information, streamlines business processes, rapid exchange of information, sharing of information, decision-making information, and securing educational facilities. Similar to business information technology system, university information system does not have a review system for sharing and overlapping investment of information. Due to the lack of project management for outsourcing and vulnerability of system suitability, system audit is absolutely needed for the university information system. This paper especially focuses on an operational phase in the audit of university information system. Additionally, we proposed operating model and checklists of the university information system based on Management Guidelines of ITIL V3 Operational and Information System. We derived the checklists of operation audit by each domain of service strategy, service design, service transition, service operation, and continual service improvement. As the result, this study appear to have more than average satisfaction the suitability results were.

As an essential component of public space, the design and functioning of a guidance system play a critical role in improving user experience. This paper aims to facilitate easy understanding of the surrounding environment and efficient completion of specific tasks in public spaces. Additionally, the objective is to develop a digital guidance system that will meet user requirements and increase user satisfaction with their experience. Our goal is to introduce innovative solutions for digital guidance systems, specifically for the interiors of public buildings. Using literature organization and scenario analysis, we collected user needs for the guidance system. We applied the KANO model to classify user needs and expectations into five categories: essential needs, expected needs, undifferentiated needs, reverse needs, and potential needs. We focused on meeting the essential, expected, and potential needs in our product design to improve user experience. Our resulting guidance system design aims to enhance practical application. Based on user research and analysis, the essential needs of users are ranked in the following order: clear typography, recognizable logo design, easy-to-use navigation, and user-friendliness. The guidance system should fulfill the expectation and aesthetic needs of users while also meeting their essential requirements. Prioritizing design practices in accordance with user needs will significantly enhance satisfaction when using the guidance system. Improve the scientific accuracy of guidance system research by reducing designer subjectivity and bias in the decision-making process, ultimately enhancing decision-making precision. Provides an effective solution for guidance system products.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase-3 (JNK-3) has been identified as a promising target for neuronal apoptosis and has the effective therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other CNS disorders. Herein, we report the essential structural and chemical parameters for JNK-3 inhibitors utilizing comparative molecular field similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) using the derivatives of 3,5-disubstituted quinolines. The best predictions were obtained CoMSIA model (q2=0.834, r2=0.987) and the statistical parameters from the generated 3D-QSAR models were indicated that the data are well fitted and have high predictive ability. The resulting contour map from 3D-QSAR models might be helpful to design novel and more potent JNK3 derivatives.

Analyzing and defining specific business process in applications such as CRM is complicated and changeable on demand as it has to support the enterprises to meet the business goals and requirements. Also, business process needs to be flexible enough to adapt the dynamic business strategies. MDA provides a standard way of defining business process meta-modeling and unifies the diverse business process containing well defined business rules. In this paper, we have designed the business process meta-model, which focuses on sales, marketing and service areas. The cross-functional relationship between the components within and across the CRM system shows the integrated business process. Thus, this paper provides a meta-modeling paradigm of business processes of the CRM system, and it is able to apply business rules of the domain to have more flexibility of the functional components and increase the system as well as the business value.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) require collision avoidance capabilities equivalent to the capabilities of manned aircraft to enter the airspace of manned aircraft. In the case of Visual Flight Rules of manned aircraft, collision avoidance is performed by 'See-and-Avoid' of pilots. To obtain those capabilities of UAVs named as 'Sense-and-Avoid', sensor-system-based intruder tracking and collision avoidance methods are required. In this study, a multi-sensor-based tracking, data fusion, and collision avoidance algorithm is designed by using a model-based design tool MATLAB/SIMULINK, and validations of the designed model and code using numerical simulations and processor-in-the-loop simulations are performed.

The smart air condition system is superior to conventional air condition system in the aspect of control accuracy, environmental preservation and it is foundation for intelligent vehicle such as electric vehicle, fuel cell vehicle. In this paper, failure analyses of smart air condition system will be performed and then sensor fusion technique will be proposed for fail safety of smart air condition system. A sensor fusion logic of air condition system by using CO sensor, $CO_2$ sensor and VOC, $NO_x$ sensor will be developed and simulated by fault injection simulation. The fusion technology of smart air condition system is generated in an experiment and a performance analysis is conducted with fusion algorithms. The proposed algorithm adds the error characteristic of each sensor as a conditional probability value, and ensures greater accuracy by performing the track fusion with the sensors with the most reliable performance.

In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, “Testing at the speed of stakeholder’s need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition.”