Earticle

Resource-exhausted cities face the dual pressures of ecological degradation and economic stagnation, making the achievement of synergistic development between high-quality economic growth and ecological resilience a core issue for regional sustainability. To clarify their coordination dynamics and response mechanisms, this study examines typical resource-exhausted cities in China’s Northeast Old Industrial Base, this study adopts an integrated approach combining comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination model, and panel vector autoregression (P-VAR) to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics, synergistic evolution pathways, and interactive response mechanisms of economic development quality and ecological resilience from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that: (1) Resource-exhausted cities exhibited a three-stage growth pattern of “medium-high-low” in economic development quality, while ecological resilience underwent an evolution from initial suppression to subsequent enhancement. Their coupling coordination level improved from basic dissonance (0.462) to basic coordination (0.631). (2) Resource-exhausted cities exhibited a gradient pattern where economic development quality was led by “dual-core leadership from coastal and border cities, coupled with the collapse of single-resource-dependent cities”, whereas ecological resilience displayed a“high in the south, low in the north, and stronger in comprehensive cities than in industrial-mining cities”structure. The coupling coordination degree exhibited a north-south divergence with a trend toward polarization. (3) A dynamic asymmetric response exists between economic development quality and ecological resilience in resource-depleted cities. Economic shocks exert a significant negative effect on ecological resilience, while ecological resilience shocks only cause a short-term, marginal suppression of economic development quality. (4) A pronounced asymmetric interaction mechanism exists between economic development quality and ecological resilience in resource-depleted cities. Fluctuations in ecological resilience are primarily driven by its own inertia, whereas economic development quality is driven by endogenous factors. In response, solutions and strategies are initially proposed in three areas: addressing gaps in high-quality economic development, strengthening the ecological resilience network, and formulating differentiated policies.

This study investigates the effect of using an AI-powered Interactive Response System (IRS), Pear Deck, on students’ achievement in an online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing course. While teleconferencing tools have been helpful, they might not be sufficient to facilitate a successful online EFL writing class. Pear Deck, which facilitates real-time writing and monitoring, was integrated to address this issue. A quasi-experimental design was used with 70 freshman participants divided into a treatment group (taught with Pear Deck slides) and a control group (taught with static PowerPoint slides). The two groups were taught by the same lecturer using identical lesson plans and assessment tasks for over 12 weeks. Results from a 2 x 2 mixed design ANOVA showed a significantly greater improvement in writing proficiency for the treatment group compared to the control group. Students who used the interactive platform had significantly higher achievement. Additionally, the platform’s features, including the real-time feedback function, interactive format, and semi anonymous participation, might have contributed to increased engagement and reduced anxiety.

이 연구는 코로나19 팬데믹을 계기로 급부상한 디지털 피트니스 기술이 개인의 건강과 운동 루틴에 어떤 변화를 가져왔는지를 연구하였다. 특히 AI, AR, VR 같은 최첨단 기술이 피트니스 활동에 어떻게 빠르게 통합되고 있는지, 이것 이 생활 방식과 문화적 규범에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 초점을 맞추었다. HomeCourt, Peloton, Zwift 같은 홈 기반 트레이닝 플랫폼들이 제공하는 개인화되고 몰입감 있는 피트니스 경험을 제공하지만 AI 트레이너가 인간 상호작용을 완전히 대체할 수 없다는 한계, 데이터 개인 정보 보호 문제, 디지털 격차 등에 대한 내용도 다루었다. 이 연구는 기술 혁신 과 윤리적, 사회적, 건강 관련 고려 사항을 조화롭게 통합하여 보다 포용적이고 건강 중심의 사회를 만드는 균형 잡힌 접근 방식을 강조하였다. 또한, 디지털 피트니스 기술의 혁신적 잠재력을 이해하고, 더 넓은 사회적 공감대에서 보편적인 접근 을 보장하기 위한 포괄적인 정책의 필요하다

This study examines how digital fitness technology, which has surged in prominence due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has impacted personal health and exercise routines. It focuses on the rapid integration of cutting-edge technologies such as AI, AR, and VR into fitness activities and their effects on lifestyles and cultural norms. The study explores home-based training platforms like HomeCourt, Peloton, and Zwift, which provide personalized and immersive fitness experiences. However, it also addresses limitations such as the inability of AI trainers to fully replicate human interaction, issues of data privacy, and the digital divide. This research emphasizes a balanced approach that integrates technological innovation with ethical, social, and health considerations to create a more inclusive and health-focused society. Additionally, it advocates for comprehensive policies to ensure equitable access to and integration of digital fitness technologies within a broader social context.

본 연구는 제품 유형에 따라 해석수준이론의 4가지 차원 중 시간적 거리감(가까운 거리 시점: 일주일, 먼 거리 시점: 6개월)과 모바일 광고소구 유형(정보 제공형 광고와 이미지형 광고)의 상호작용이 소비자의 반응(광고태도, 제품태도, 구매의도, 클릭의도)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 이를 위해 모바일 이용자 남·여 20∼30대 357명을 대상으로 실험을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 공리적 제품은 시간적 거리감에 관계없이 정보 제공형 모바일 광고가 이미지형 모바일 광고보다 광고태도, 제품태도, 클릭의도에서 더 효과적이었다. 사회이미지적 제품은 시간적 거리감에 관계없이 이미지형 모바일 광고가 정보 제공형 모바일 광고보다 더 효과적이었다. 복합 제품에 대한 모바일 광고의 경우, 구매시점이 가까울 경우에는 정보 제공형 광고가 이미지형 광고보다 더 효과적인 반면에 구매시점이 먼 미래일 경우에는 이미지형 광고가 정보 제공형 광고보다 더 효과적이었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 모바일 광고효과의 시사점을 논의하였고, 향후 연구의 방향에 대하여 제안하였다.

The arrival of a mobile environment is likely to create an instant approach to information and services. Direct purchase response can effectively link the point of communication with the point of purchase by locating consumers. Therefore, a new method is needed for mobile advertising and marketing techniques. To maximize mobile ad effectiveness, advertisers must diversify mobile ad message contents to match the different situations of individual consumers by providing customized ad products. This study classifies product types into utilitarian products, social identity products and multiple products, we attempts to find out the difference the interactive role of temporal distance and mobile advertising appeal types toward consumer response. This study proceeded in 2 steps, a pilot survey and an experimental stage. During the pilot survey, we chose a UP (toothpaste), an SIP (couple ring), and an MP (sneakers) and made an advertisement for each one by product type before conducting a manipulation check. We created a scenario to delineate temporal distance and verified that distant-future and near-future points were clearly perceived. After the manipulation check, we conducted our experiment with 357 men and women in their 20s and 30s who use a smart-phone. Advertising appeals type and temporal distance appeared differently by product types through mobile ads. We used MANOVA to verify our hypotheses. As expected, regardless of distant future and near future preferred informational mobile ad for advertising utilitarian products and social image arguments for advertising social identity products. However, for multiple products distant future preferred image mobile ad, whereas near future preferred informational mobile ad. Therefore, research on customers’response to mobile advertising will be helpful for more effective and efficient advertising.

본 연구는 AI 챗봇 광고의 개인화 수준(높음 vs. 낮음)과 AI 챗봇이 정보 탐색의 주체로 설정하는 문법적 주어(You vs. I)가 사회적 현존감과 챗봇에 대한 반응(챗봇 태도 및 챗봇 사 용 의도)에 미치는 영향을 탐구하였다. 또한 개인화 수준과 주어 간의 상호작용 효과가 챗봇에 대한 반응에 미치는 영향을 사회적 현존감이 매개하는지를 검증하여 AI 개인화 광고의 심리적 작동 메커니즘을 규명하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 개인화 수준과 주어 간의 유의한 상호작용 효과 가 확인되었다. 구체적으로, 소비자 주어(You)가 정보 탐색 주체로 설정되고 AI 챗봇 광고의 개인 화 수준이 높을 경우, AI 주어(I)가 제시된 조건보다 사회적 현존감, 챗봇 태도, 그리고 사용 의도 가 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 반면, AI 주어 조건에서는 개인화 수준에 따른 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 또한, 소비자 주어 조건에서만, 개인화 수준이 챗봇 태도와 사용 의도에 미치 는 영향이 사회적 현존감에 의해 매개되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 소비자가 AI 챗봇과의 상호작용 에서 행위 주체감(sense of agency)을 높게 인식할수록 사회적 현존감이 강화되고, 이는 챗봇에 대한 태도와 사용 의도에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 이 결과는 광고 정보원으로서 AI 챗봇에 대한 반응이 개인화 수준과 문법적 주어에 의해 인지되는 소비자의 행위 주체감에 의해 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study examined how the level of personalization in AI chatbot advertising (high vs. low) and the grammatical subject used to frame who is the information seeker (You vs. I) influence social presence and responses toward the chatbot (attitude toward the chatbot and intention to use). It also tested whether social presence mediates the interactive effect of personalization and grammatical subject on these responses, thereby clarifying the psychological mechanism underlying AI-based personalized advertising. The experiment revealed a significant interaction between personalization level and grammatical subject. Specifically, when the consumer was framed as the information-seeking agent (You) under high personalization, participants reported significantly higher social presence, more favorable attitudes toward the chatbot, and stronger intentions to use it than when the chatbot was framed as the agent (I). In contrast, in the chatbot-subject (I) condition, no significant differences emerged across personalization levels. Moreover, only in the consumer-subject (You) condition did social presence mediate the effect of personalization on both attitude toward the chatbot and intention to use. In other words, when consumers perceived a stronger sense of agency during the interaction, they experienced greater social presence, which in turn enhanced their attitudes toward the chatbot and their intention to use it. These findings suggest that consumer responses to AI chatbots as advertising information sources depend not only on the degree of personalization but also on consumers’ perceived sense of agency induced by grammatical subject framing.

A coupling system of MM5 and POM using Stampi with different kinds of parallel computer is proposed and comparative numerical simulations of mesoscale wind induced by topography around East Sea/Sea of Japan are carried out. The results are as follows： 1) Strong horizontal conversion is induced by high mountain Pekdoo at its leeside. 2) The conversion winds at lee of high mountain are not clear in monthly and yearly mean NCEP-reanalysis because of coarse resolution of 1.86 degree by 1.86 degree. But Wind conversion is well simulated at atmosphere and ocean coupling system. And the conversion area of lee side of mountain is also agreed well with observed data of NSCAT launched in satellite ADEOS. 3) The surface ocean current is well correspondent with wind direction, induced by high mountains. And small different wind field information lead the different of particle distribution in numerical experiments of particle distribution on ocean surface.

The ecotoxicological effects of nanomaterials on animal, plant, and soil microorganisms have been widely investigated; however, the nanotoxic effects of plant-soil interactive systems are still largely unknown. In the present study, the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on the soil-plant interactive system were estimated. The growth of plant seedlings in the presence of different concentrations of ZnO NPs within microcosm soil (M) and natural soil (NS) was compared. Changes in dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and soil bacterial community diversity were estimated based on the microcosm with plants (M+P) and microcosm without plants (M-P) in different concentrations of ZnO NPs treatment. The shoot growth of M+P and NS+P was significantly inhibited by 24% and 31.5% relative to the control at a ZnO NPs concentration of 1,000 mg/kg. The DHA levels decreased following increased ZnO NPs concentration. Specifically, these levels were significantly reduced from 100 mg/kg in M-P and only 1,000 mg/kg in M+P. Different clustering groups of M+P and M-P were observed in the principal component analysis (PCA). Therefore, the M-P's soil bacterial population may have more toxic effects at a high dose of ZnO NPs than M+P's. The plant and activation of soil bacteria in the M+P may have a less toxic interactive effect on each of the soil bacterial populations and plant growth by the ZnO NPs attachment or absorption of plant roots surface. The soil-plant interactive system might help decrease the toxic effects of ZnO NPs on the rhizobacteria population.

The main purpose of this study intends to study the theoretical interconnection between human response capability and customer relationship management advantage while considering the essential role of service application of information technology as direct, indirect (mediating), and interactive (moderating) influences in the theory. Based on the study sample, the new findings help comprehend the overall interconnected relationship which includes the direct and indirect (mediating) effects of information technology service capability and human response capability as well as their interaction (moderation) on customer relationship management advantage. The new insights interprets the two capabilities (human and information technology) are vital to business because they are the foundation set of service resources significantly to enhance customer relationship management advantage. Keywords: human response capability, information

이 연구는 이야기 읽기에서 초등학생들이 보이는 상호작용적 반응의 유형을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구자가 소리 내어 책을 읽을 때 초등학교 2학년 학생 세 명의 반응을 녹음하고, 이야기 읽기 및 읽기 방법에 대한 그들의 인식을 인터뷰하는 방식으로 자료 수집이 이루어졌다. 분석의 결과, 첫째, 참여자들은 함께 이야기를 읽는 과정에서 자연스럽게 상호작용하였다. 둘째, 참여자들의 상호작용적 반응의 유형은 13가지로 분석되었다. 셋째, 참여자들은 기본적으로 이야기가 허구라는 점을 인식하였지만, 읽기 과정 중에는 이야기가 실제인양 반응하며 몰입하였다. 넷째, 참여자들은 혼자 미리 읽어오기보다 동료 및 교사와 함께 책을 처음으로 접하게 되는 것을 더욱 선호하였다. 분석을 통해, 참여자들의 반응의 공유는 독서 과정을 더욱 풍성하게 하는 것으로 보였다. 또한 어린 독자들이 이야기를 통해 사회에 대한 관점을 형성하고 자신의 경험이나 지식을 자연스럽게 적용한다는 점을 알 수 있다. 본 연구에서의 결과를 바탕으로, 첫째, 독자의 수준 및 흥미를 고려하고 다양하게 사고할 수 있도록 돕는 이야기 텍스트 사용을 제안해 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 독자가 스스로 텍스트에 대해 자유롭게 반응할 수 있도록 허용, 독려하는 환경을 조성해야 할 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of elementary students’ interactive responses to story reading. Data was collected by recording the responses of three elementary school second graders while the researcher read a story to them out loud, and also an interview about the participants’ perception about the story reading and reading method. The results of the analysis are, first, participants interacted naturally during the process of reading together. Second, the participants had thirteen types of interactive responses. Third, although the participants knew that the stories were fiction, they engaged them as real during the reading. Fourth, participants preferred to read together rather than to read individually in advance. Through the analysis, it can be seen that young readers construct their conceptions about society and naturally apply their personal experience or knowledge to the reading. As a result of this study, I propose that first, story texts should regard readers’ level and interest and help them think from diverse perspectives. Second, an environment that permits and encourages readers’ self regulated and unrestricted responses should be created.

This study is an attempt to construct a basic framework of analysis about China's political and economic influence on Southeast Asia through traditional Sinocentrism, anti-colonial nationalism, Cold War socialism and post-Cold War capitalism. As to the historical status of Southeast Asia vis-a-vis external forces such as India, China and the West, the colonial discourse tends to put excessive emphasis upon its dependence, and the posy-colonial discourse upon its autonomy. However, this study elucidates the political and economic interactions between China and Southeast Asia in a dynamic perspective, focusing on their reciprocal interactions beyond the essentially static dichotomy of autonomy and dependence. Chinese influence on Southeast asia can be divided into active and reactive one, with the former referring to direct and intended consequences and the latter to indirect and unintended consequences. In the historical process of active and reactive influence, both China and Southeast Asia were fundamentally proactive actors. Thus, the autonomy or dependence of Southeast Asia is just a question of relative one, with its actual extent and degree varying with specific spatial and temporal conditions.

We study the problem of multiple response optimization (MRO) and focus on the selection of input levels which will produce desirable output quality. We propose an interactive multiple objective optimization approach to the input design. The earlier interactive methods utilized for MRO communicate with the decision maker only using the response variable values, in order to improve the current response values, thereby resulting in the corresponding design solution automatically. In their interaction steps of preference articulation, no account is taken of any active changes in design variable values. On the contrary, our approach permits the decision maker to change the design variable values in its interaction stage, which makes possible the consideration of the preference or economics of the design variable side. Using some typical value functions, we also demonstrate that our method converges reasonably well to the known optimal solutions.

Since the residential load is an AC load and the output of solar cell is a DC power, the photovoltaic system needs the DC/AC converter to utilize solar cell. In case of driving to interact with utility line, in order to operate at unity power factor, converter must provide the sinusoidal wave current and voltage with same phase of utility line. Since output of solar cell is greatly fluctuated by insolation, it is necessary that the operation of solar cell output in the range of the vicinity of maximum power point. In this paper, DC/AC converter is three phase PWM converter with smoothing reactor. And then, feedforward control used to obtain a superior characteristic for current control and digital PLL circuit used to detect the phase of utility line.

Response surface methodology (RSM) empirically studies the relationship between a response variable and input variables in the product or process development phase. The ultimate goal of RSM is to find an optimal condition of the input variables that optimizes (maximizes or minimizes) the response variable. RSM can be seen as a knowledge management tool in terms of creating and utilizing data, information, and knowledge about a product production and service operations. In the field of product or process development, most real-world problems often involve a simultaneous consideration of multiple response variables. This is called a multiple response surface (MRS) problem. Various approaches have been proposed for MRS optimization, which can be classified into loss function approach, priority-based approach, desirability function approach, process capability approach, and probability-based approach. In particular, the loss function approach is divided into univariate and multivariate approaches at large. This paper focuses on the univariate approach. The univariate approach first obtains the mean square error (MSE) for individual response variables. Then, it aggregates the MSE’s into a single objective function. It is common to employ the weighted sum or the Tchebycheff metric for aggregation. Finally, it finds an optimal condition of the input variables that minimizes the objective function. When aggregating, the relative weights on the MSE’s should be taken into account. However, there are few studies on how to determine the weights systematically. In this study, we propose an interactive procedure to determine the weights through considering a decision maker’s preference. The proposed method is illustrated by the ‘colloidal gas aphrons’ problem, which is a typical MRS problem. We also discuss the extension of the proposed method to the weighted MSE (WMSE).

Purpose: To develop an interactive version of the conventional process capability-based approach, called 'Interactive Process Capability-Based Approach (IPCA)' in multi-response surface optimization to obtain a satisfactory compromise which incorporates a decision maker(DM)'s preference information precisely. Methods: The proposed IPCA consists of 4 steps. Step 1 is to obtain the estimated process capability indices and initialize the parameters. Step 2 is to maximize the overall process capability index. Step 3 is to evaluate the optimization results. If all the responses are satisfactory, the procedure stops with the most preferred compromise solution. Otherwise, it moves to Step 4. Step 4 is to adjust the preference parameters. The adjustment can be made in two modes: relaxation and tightening. The relaxation is to make the importance of one of the satisfactory responses lower, which is implemented by decreasing its weight. The tightening is to make the importance of one of the unsatisfactory responses higher, which is implemented by increasing its weight. Then, the procedure goes back to Step 2. If there is no response to be adjusted, it stops with the unsatisfactory compromise solution. Results: The proposed IPCA was illustrated through a multi-response surface problem, colloidal gas aphrons problem. The illustration shows that it can generate a satisfactory compromise through an interactive procedure which enables the DM to provide his or her preference information conveniently. Conclusion: The proposed IPCA has two major advantages. One is to obtain a satisfactory compromise which is faithful to the DM preference structure. The other is to make the DM's participation in the interactive procedure easier by using the process capability index in judging satisfaction/unsatisfaction. The process capability index is very familiar with quality practitioners as well as indicates the process performance levels numerically.

본 연구는 네트워크 환경에서 대중매체의 위험커뮤니케이션이 일반인의 위험 인식과 행동에 미치는 영향을 경험적으로 분석하였다. 후쿠시마 원전사고를 다룬 4개 주요 일간지의 인터넷 기사와 댓글, 해당 기사가 트위터와 페이스북을 통해서 전달된 빈도수, 그리고 방사선 전문기관의 진료상담전화 횟수를 비교하여 온라인 위험커뮤니케이션의 특성과 일반인의 반응을 분석하였다. 후쿠시마 사고에 따른 피해의 파급 효과와 사회적 관심의 강도는 다른 재난사고에 비해 훨씬 크지만 대중매체의 보도과정은 일반 사건사고와 유사한 활동주기를 보인다. 신문기사 수와 댓글, 트위터 및 페이스북의 횟수 그리고 상담전화 횟수 사이에 매우 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 전통적인 매체환경에서 발견할 수 있는 일방향적인 과정과는 달리 온라인 위험커뮤니케이션은 대중매체와 일반인 사이에 양방향의 동태적으로 진행되었다. 신문기사(r=.84)와 페이스북(r=.88)이 일정한 시차를 두고 상담전화와 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 대중매체와 소셜미디어를 통해서 전달, 공유된 위험 정보에 의해서 일반인들이 위험을 인지하여 심리적, 정서적 변화 뿐 아니라, 위험에 대응하기 위한 적극적인 행동 변화를 가져왔다.

This paper empirically reviews interactive dynamics of mass media, risk perception and public reaction in South Korea in response to Fukushima nuclear disaster. Research data collected from four major online newspapers in the country, which included the number of news articles and talkback replies attached to each article, and frequencies of articles transmitted through social media such as twitter and facebook. Longitudinal data of phone calls received by the call center of a radiological medical service center were also collected. Following the Fukushima accident, mass media and the public showed a strong concern about possible radioactive risk from Japan. Statistical analyses showed significant high correlations among most of major variables examined in this paper. In particular, correlations between 1) news articles and phone calls and 2) facebook uploads and phone calls with two day delay have very high coefficients of .84 and .88, respectively. Research findings underlines dynamic risk communication interacting mass media and the public in the networked environment. Risk information transmitted by online newspaper and social media have a strong influence on not only risk perception, but also behavioral reactions by the public facing a unusual disaster.

최근까지 제품디자인에 있어서의 조형요소의 심미성에 관한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 연구는 "심미성 요인이 무엇인가\ulcorner"에 초점을 맞추어 왔을 뿐 각각의 심미적 요소들이 사용자의 심미적 반응에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 그다지 연구된 바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 제품디자인에서 심미성 요소를 내용미와 형태미로 나누어 서로의 상관관계를 파악하고 사용자의 심미적 반응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보는 연구이다. 더욱이 연구의 초점이 내용미 중 전형성을, 형태미 중 균형을 중심으로 서로의 심미적 반응의 영향정도와 관여수준과 국가와 같은 조절변수에 의해 심미적 반응이 어떻게 달라지는지를 검증하고자 하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구를 통하여 실제로 디자인 현장이나 기업에서 디자인에 있어서 심미적 영향요소를 적용하는 데에 대한 의미 있는 시사점을 제공해주고 디자인의 심미성에 대한 이론적인 체계를 만들어가는 것에 기여하리라 본다. 기여하리라 본다.

Recently, design has emerged as a key factor of successful product development. This study reviewed the elements of form with a view point of addressing and defining the elements of aesthetics and how they influence consumer aesthetic response. Though past researches related to form aesthetics reported that form aesthetics exist as a single element with other sub-elements, this research made further investigations into form aesthetics and reported that form aesthetics in product design can be broadly divided into form aesthetics and content aesthetics. Empirical studies on each category was undertaken and from the results obtained, it was concluded that typicality is a dominant element in content aesthetics while balance is a dominant element in form aesthetics. Also, the study investigated the effect of conditional variables such as price and people on each category and it was observed that both content and form aesthetics elements are affected by conditional variables such as price, people. Furthermore, the study reports that both content and form aesthetics elements are mutually correlated and both categories affect user's aesthetics response. It is intended that the results obtained from this work will contribute to theoretical knowledge of aesthetic elements and can be put to use by product design and manufacturing companies.