Earticle

본 연구는 부산 근현대 현대무용사적 관점에서 해방기 부산지역 현대무용의 형성을 밝히고 그 역사적 의미와 미적가치를 논의하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법으로는 정기간행물과 신문의 기사 내용, 교재, 선행연구 등의 문헌자료를 분석하여 해방기 무용가 들의 작품공연, 교육활동 등을 고찰하였다. 미적 가치의 논의를 위해서는 관련기사, 광고자료를 분석 고찰하였다. 부산지역 현대무용은 근대와 계몽기로부터 서양 문명과 신무용의 영향으로 새로운 무용의 창작과 무대활동을 구축해왔다. 해방기에 부산지역 현대무용은 민족주의 정신에 입각한 무용창작, 자유로운 개인 순수작품활동, 인간교육으 로서의 무용교육의 실제 등을 실천하였다. 무용교육은 무용연구소와 학교, 무용강습회에 서 실천되었다. 해방기 부산에서 개인무용회를 개최하고 순수창작활동을 추구한 사람은 박용호, 박이랑 등의 현대무용가들이었으며, 이들은 기존의 부산무용과는 차별화된 현대 적 양상을 보였다. 해방기는 부산지역의 현대무용이 형성되는 태동기로서 그 역사적 의미가 크다. 또한 다른 지역에서 유입되어 지속적으로 활동한 현대무용가들과 더불어 민족주의 정신의 건설에 앞장서고 민족무용 문화와 새로운 무용의 미학을 제시한 점에서 그 역사적 의미를 찾을 수 있다. 민족주의 정신을 내포한 작품에서 숭고의 미적가치를 찾아볼 수 있었다. 해방기 부산지역 현대무용은 6·25전쟁 이후 창작과 교육을 주도하는 무용의 역할을 위한 발판이 되었다.

This study discusses the early modern dance formation in Busan during the liberation period 1945-1950. The study discusses its historical significance and aesthetic value from a contemporary perspective. For this study, a literature review on previous research and newspaper articles was used as a research method in order to examine modern dancers’ works and their educational activities during the liberation period. Modern dances in Busan that supported a new way of creating stage performances were influenced by western cultures and “New Dance.” During the liberation period, modern dancers in Busan expressed national identity and individuality through dance while promoting dance education as the human experience. Park Yongho and Park Yirang held dance concerts to show their own creative dance pieces, which were different from previous dance performances displayed in Busan. The liberation period was important for dance history in Busan as it was the beginning of establishing modern dance in that area. Also, modern dances during that time were historically significant as they fostered nationalism and suggested a new dance aesthetic. Modern dance in Busan during the liberation period set a foundation for modern dance activities that focused on creativity and education after the Korean War.

Irinotecan suppository was prepared using the moulding method with a homogeneous blend. A sensitive and specific fluorescence method was developed and validated for the determination of irinotecan in plasma using HPLC. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous administered and rectal administered in rabbits was investigated. Following a single intravenous dose of irinotecan (50 mg/kg), the plasma irinotecan concentration demonstrated a bi-exponential decay, with a rapid decline over 15 min. $C_{max}$, $t_{1/2}$, $AUC_{0-30h}$ and $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ were $16.1{\pm}2.7g/ml$, $7.6{\pm}1.2h$, $71.3{\pm}8.8{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ and $82.3{\pm}9.5{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, respectively. Following rectal administration of 100 mg/kg irinotecan, the plasma irinotecan concentration reached a peak of $5.3{\pm}2.5{\mu}g/ml$ at 4 h. The $AUC_{0-30h}$ and $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ were $32.2{\pm}6.2{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$ and $41.6{\pm}7.2{\mu}g{\cdot}h/ml$, respectively. It representing ~50.6% of the absolute bioavailability.

Pre-retrieval query formulation is an important step for identifying local text reuse. Local reuse with high obfuscation, paraphrasing, and translation poses a challenge of finding the reused text in a document. In this paper, three pre-retrieval query formulation strategies for heuristic retrieval in case of low obfuscated, high obfuscated, and translated text are studied. The strategies used are (a) Query formulation using proper nouns; (b) Query formulation using unique words (Hapax); and (c) Query formulation using most frequent words. Whereas in case of low and high obfuscation and simulated paraphrasing, keywords with Hapax proved to be slightly more efficient, initial results indicate that the simple strategy of query formulation using proper nouns gives promising results and may prove better in reducing the size of the corpus for post processing, for identifying local text reuse in case of obfuscated and translated text reuse.

A formulation for flexible multibody systems (MBS) is investigated, where rigid MBS substructures are coupled with flexible bodies described by a nonlinear finite element (FE) approach. Several aspects that turned out to be crucial for the presented approach are discussed. The system describing equations are given in differential algebraic form (DAE), where many sophisticated solvers exist. In this paper the performance of several solvers is investigated regarding their suitability for the application to the usually highly stiff DAE. The substructures are connected with each other by nonlinear algebraic constraint equations. Further, partial derivatives of the constraints are required, which often leads to extensive algebraic trans-formations. Handcoding of analytically determined derivatives is compared to an approach utilizing algorithmic differentiation.

The main purpose of this study was to develop a novel, in situ gel system for sustained delivery of ranitidine hydrochloride. Ranitidine in situ gels at 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% gellan gum concentration (w/v) were prepared, respectively, and characterized in terms of preparation, viscosity and in vitro release. The viscosity of the gellan gum formulations in solution increased with increasing concentrations of gellan gum. In vitro study showed that the release of ranitidine from these gels was characterized by an initial phase of high release (burst effect) and translated to the second phase of moderate release. Single photon emission computing tomography technique was used to evaluate the stomach residence time of gel containing $^{99m}Tc$ tracer. The animal experiment suggested in situ gel had feasibility of forming gels in stomach and sustained the ranitidine release from the gels over the period of at least 8 h. In conclusion, the in situ gel system is a promising approach for the oral delivery of ranitidine for the therapeutic effects improvement.

Elevated serum cholesterol is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease. Nutritional therapies such as probiotics have been suggested to manage elevated cholesterol. This study investigates the cholesterol and triglyceride lowering potential of a microencapsulated feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus fermentum 11976 (LF11976) probiotic formulation. Male Bio $F_1B$ hamsters were assigned to two groups to receive either the microcapsule probiotic formulation (containing LF11976 cells at 12.51 log colony-forming units/mL) or placebo formulation (empty) microcapsules, twice daily, by oral gavage for 18 weeks. For the duration of the study, animals were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the atherogenic index were 21.36%, 31.43%, and 32.59% lower in the group gavaged with the microencapsulated probiotic formulation than in the placebo control group after 18 weeks (P < .05). Histology studies showed reduced progression of atherosclerotic lesions in animals treated with microencapsulated LF11976 as compared to control animals. Treatment with microencapsulated LF11976 formulation produces significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and serum triglyceride levels in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Findings suggest the potential of the oral microencapsulated probiotic cell formulation as a functional nutritional alternative for managing excessive serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

The liver is an essential organ for the detoxification of exogenous xenobiotics, drugs and toxic substances. The incidence rate of non-alcoholic liver injury increases due to dietary habit change and drug use increase. Our previous study demonstrated that Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) formulation has hepatoprotective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in rat and tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells. This present study was designated to elucidate hepatoprotective effects of ES formulation against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rat. Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups. The rats were treated orally with ES formulation and silymarin (served as positive control, only 100 mg/kg/day) at a dose of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Seven days after treatment, liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of $CCl_4$ (1.5 ml/kg, twice a week for 14 days). The administration of $CCl_4$ exhibited significant elevation of hepatic enzymes (like AST and ALT), and decrease of antioxidant related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and glutathione. Then, it leaded to DNA damages (8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Administration of ES formulation inhibited imbalance of above factors compared to $CCl_4$ induced rat in a dose dependent manner. Real time PCR analysis indicates that CYP2E1 was upregulated in $CCl_4$ induced rat. However, increased gene expression was compromised by ES formulation treatment. These findings suggests that ES formulation could protect hepatotoxicity caused by $CCl_4$ via two pathways: elevation of antioxidant enzymes and normalization of CYP2E1 enzyme.

This paper investigates how strategy formulation and implementation processes used by the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in building its digital collections compare with the Andrew's strategic formulation and implementation theoretical framework. Theory-testing case study methodology was used. The data collection instruments were the key informant interview technique and document reviews. During the formulation phase, two aspects (resources and aspirations of senior management) were emergent. During the implementation phase, five aspects (achieving results, processes and behaviour, standards, motivation, personal) were emergent. All other elements of building the UCC digital collections were planned during both the formulation and implementation phases. Although the emphasis on students and learning is laudable and apt, there seems to be lack of focus on research support beyond digital collection building, despite the fact that research excellence is one of the UCC's key priorities. Opportunities exist for improving feedback mechanisms between the users, digital library staff and the university management; and inclusion of social media tools in the digital library project. Since only the experience of a single institution of higher learning is considered, it cannot be definitively stated that strategy formulation and implementation will be similar in every institutional context. However, the results provide a basis for academic digital libraries to draw lessons from this case. In African public universities, there is little earlier research on strategy formulation and implementation in digital library management. Strategy formulation and implementation is a critical issue for higher education academic libraries especially in developing countries like Ghana, due to limited financial resources and the rapid change in the information environment during the last several decades.

Isogeometric solution of Poisson equation is provided. NURBS (NonUniform B-spline Surface) is introduced to express both geometry of structure and unknown field of governing equation. The terms of stiffness matrix and load vector are consistently derived with very accurate geometric definition. The validity of the isogeometric formulation is demonstrated by using two numerical examples such as square plate and L-shape plate. From numerical results, the present solutions have a good agreement with analytical and finite element (FE) solutions with the use of a few cells in isogeometric analysis.

This work reviews the effects of catalyst formulation and exhaust gas composition on soot oxidation in CDPF (Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter). DOC's (Diesel Oxidation Catalysts) have been loaded with Pt catalyst (Pt/$Al_{2}O_3$) for reduction of HC and CO. Recent CDPF's are coated with the Pt catalyst as well as additives like Mo, V, Ce, Co, Fe, La, Au, or Zr for the promotion of soot oxidation. Alkali (K, Na, Cs, Li) doping of metal catalyst tends to increase the activity of the catalysts in soot combustion. Effects of coexistence components are very important in the catalytic reaction of the soot. The soot oxidation rate of a few catalysts are improved by water vapor and NOx in the ambient. There are only a few reports available on the mechanism of the PM (particulate matter) oxidation on the catalysts. The mechanism of PM oxidation in the catalytic systems that meet new emission regulations of diesel engines has yet to be investigated. Future research will focus on catalysts that can not only oxidize PM at low temperature, but also reduce NOx, continuously self-cleaning diesel particulate filters, and selective catalysts for NOx reduction.

The general pharmacological properties of GCSB-5, a herbal formulation consisting of 6 Oriental herbs(Ledebouriellae Radix, Achyranthis Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Cibotii Rhizoma, Glycine Semen and Eucommiae Cortex), were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits. The administration of GCSB-5 had no effect on general behavior, and did not influence the central nervous system. Mean blood pressure, heat1 and respiratory rate and contractile response of the isolated guinea pig atrium were unaffected by the treatment of GCSB-5. Addition of GCSB-5 did not cause spontaneous relaxation and contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. And also, GCSB-5 had no effect on the gastrointestinal system and the blood system of the animals examined in this study. GCSB-5, at higher doses(1,000 and 3,000 mg/kg), increased the urinary excretion of electrolytes, however, the urine volume and pH in rats were unaffected. Taken together, these results indicate that GCSB-5 does not induce any adverse effects in experimental animals and is expected to have no significant general pharmacological activities.

Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice models acute cholinergic dysfunction associated with early functional features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of curcumin-loaded nanoliposomes (Cur-NL), a bioavailable curcumin formulation, using behavioral, molecular, and biochemical approaches. Male mice received oral Cur-NL (250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg) for 30 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Cognitive performance was assessed by the open field test and Barnes maze. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, acetylcholine (ACh) levels, hippocampal gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were analyzed to investigate underlying mechanisms. Cur-NL significantly improved spatial learning and memory and restored cholinergic balance by normalizing AChE activity and ACh levels. Treatment also attenuated hippocampal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and ROS accumulation. Cur-NL modulated genes related to amyloid processing and synaptic plasticity, suppressing App and Bace1 and upregulating Adam10 and Bdnf. Network analyses supported the involvement of cholinergic, inflammatory, and synaptic signaling pathways. These findings indicate that Cur-NL confers multitarget neuroprotection in a scopolamine-induced model and may serve as a candidate for managing early cholinergic-related cognitive decline. Important limitations should be acknowledged: curcumin concentrations in plasma and brain were not quantified, and a free-curcumin comparator was not included. The findings should therefore be interpreted as evidence of efficacy of the tested Cur-NL preparation, not as a comparative demonstration of nano-liposomal superiority over free curcumin. Direct pharmacokinetic and head-to-head comparative studies are required to establish the formulation-specific contribution of nano-liposomal delivery.

To overcome the drawback of currently available curved beam theories having non-symmetric thin-walled cross sections, a curved beam theory based on centroid-shear center formulation is presented for the spatially coupled free vibration and elastic analysis. For this, the displacement field is expressed by introducing displacement parameters defined at the centroid and shear center axes, respectively. Next the elastic strain and kinetic energies considering the thickness-curvature effect and the rotary inertia of curved beam are rigorously derived by degenerating the energies of the elastic continuum to those of curved beam. And then the equilibrium equations and the boundary conditions are consistently derived for curved beams having non-symmetric thin-walled cross section. It is emphasized that for curved beams with L- or T-shaped sections, this thin-walled curved beam theory can be easily reduced to the solid beam theory by simply putting the sectional properties associated with warping to zero. In order to illustrate the validity and the accuracy of this study, FE solutions using the Hermitian curved beam elements are presented and compared with the results by previous research and ABAQUS's shell elements.

Several methods for improving the interlaminar strength and fracture toughness of composite materials are developed. Through-the-thickness stitching is considered one of the most common ways to prevent delamination. Stitching significantly increases the Mode I fracture toughness and moderately improves the Mode II fracture toughness. An analytical model has been developed for simulating the behavior of stitched double cantilever beam specimen under various loading conditions. For z-directional load and moment about the y-axis the numerical solutions are compared with the exact solutions. The derived formulation shows good accuracy when the relative error of displacement and rotation between numerical and exact solution were calculated. Thus we can use the present model with confidence in analyzing other problems involving stitched beams.

목적: 모공 커버 메이크업의 적용은 얼굴 피부의 확장된 모공을 메우고 피부의 결을 매끄럽게 커버하여 매우 빠르고 즉각적인 피부 보완 효과를 줄 수 있는 적용이다. 모공 커버 효능에 해당하는 화장품 원료들은 대부분 디메치콘과 기타 실리콘 폴리머를 기반으로 한다. 이 연구에서는 모공 커버에 우수한 효능이 예상되는 엘라스토마 실리콘을 이용하여 메이크업 프라이머 화장품(ESPCC)을 제 조하였다. 방법: 제조한 프라이머 화장품에 대한 안정성과 안전성, 모공 커버 효능을 평가하였다. 안정성은 원심분리 테스트, 사이 클링 테스트, 점도 및 pH 변화를 평가하였다. 안전성은 20-30대 여성을 30명을 대상으로 피부자극반복패치테스트(Human Repeat Insult Patch Test)을 실시하였다. 모공 커버 효능은 디지털 이미징(Visio FaceⓇ1000D)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: ESPCC 화장 품의 원심분리 및 사이클링 테스트 결과 제형의 분리가 나타나지 않아 안정성이 확인하였고, 4주간의 점도 및 pH 변화를 평가한 결 과가 제형 안정성을 확인하였다. 또한, 안전성 평가 결과 연구 지원자 30명 전원이 음성(-) 반응으로 나타나 ESPCC의 인체 적용 시 안전성을 확보하였다. 모공 커버 효능평가 결과, base-line 대비 ESPCC 제품을 적용한 후 모공 개수가 전체적으로 현저히 감소하 여 모공 커버 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론: 향후 모공 프라이머의 제품 개발은 단순히 모공을 감추는 기능만을 가진 제품이 아 닌 피부 및 모공축소 개선에 효능이 있는 코스메슈티컬 개념을 탑재한 제품 개발이 필요할 것이다

Purpose: Pore-concealing makeup offers an immediate solution for filling enlarged pores and smoothing skin texture. The cosmetic ingredients responsible for pore-concealing efficacy are primarily based on dimethicone and other silicone polymers. A makeup primer formulation, termed elastomer silicone-based pore-concealing cosmetics (ESPCC), was developed using elastomer silicone, which is expected to excel in pore coverage. Methods: The ESPCC’s stability, safety, and pore-covering efficacy were evaluated. Stability was tested through centrifugation, cycling tests, and changes in viscosity and pH. Safety was evaluated through a human repeat insult patch test involving women in their 20s and 30s. The pore-concealing efficacy was assessed using digital imaging. Results: The ESPCC formulation demonstrated stability by exhibiting no separation in centrifugation and cycling tests. The 4- week evaluation of viscosity and pH changes met cosmetic evaluation standards, confirming the stability of the ESPCC formulation. Additionally, the safety evaluation revealed that all 30 study participants had negative (−) reactions, confirming the absence of allergic reactions upon human application of ESPCC. The pore-concealing efficacy test revealed a significant reduction in pore count after applying ESPCC compared to the baseline, demonstrating its effectiveness. Conclusions: Future development of pore primers should go beyond merely concealing pores, aiming to create cosmeceutical products that improve skin texture and reduce pore size.

目的: 毛孔遮盖化妆品为填充粗大毛孔和平滑肌肤纹理提供即时解决方案。负责毛孔遮盖功效的化妆品成分主要 基于聚二甲基硅氧烷和其他有机硅聚合物。一种名为“弹性体硅基毛孔遮盖化妆品”(ESPCC)的底妆配方是使用弹 性体硅酮开发的，预计其在毛孔覆盖方面表现出色。方法: 评估ESPCC的稳定性、安全性和毛孔覆盖功效。通过 离心、循环测试以及粘度和pH值的变化来测试稳定性。通过对20多岁和30多岁女性进行的人体重复侮辱斑贴试 验(HRIPT)评估安全性。使用数字成像评估毛孔覆盖功效。结果: ESPCC配方在离心和循环测试中没有分离，证 明了稳定性。4周的粘度和pH变化评估符合化妆品评估标准，保证了ESPCC配方的稳定性。此外，安全性评估 显示，所有30名研究参与者均出现阴性(-)反应，证实人体应用ESPCC时，不存在过敏反应。毛孔覆盖功效测试 显示，与基线相比，应用ESPCC后毛孔数量显着减少，证明了其有效性。结论: 未来毛孔打底产品的发展不应仅 仅局限于遮盖毛孔，而是要打造能够改善肤质、缩小毛孔的药妆产品。

본 연구에서는 초음파매개물의 1차적인 목적이외에 부가적인 특징을 조합하여 새로운 초음파매개물의 개발 가능성을 모색하였다. 임의 제조된 각 제형에 따른 유동학적 특징과 제조비용을 기성품 제제와 비교 분석하였다. 초 음파전파매개물은 제형에 따라 각기 다른 기능적 특성을 지니게 되며, 저점도에멀전과 오일젤에서 유동성이 가장 우 수하였다. 제조비용에서는 수화젤 제형이 물성분이 많을수록 제조비용이 가장 낮았으며, 에멀전과 오일젤 제형에서는 오일의 함유량이 높을수록 제조비용에 많은 차이가 있었다. 본 연구는 초음파의 다양한 영역의 전문성을 겸비한 새 로운 초음파매개물의 연구에 대한 초석을 이룰 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, by combining a unique purpose and additional aspects of ultrasonic transmission media, a development potential on a new ultrasonic transmission media was sought. The rheological characteristics and the manufacturing cost for each manufactured formulation were compared and analysed with ready-made. An ultrasonic transmission media is to have different functional characteristics according to the following formulation, it was the best in rheological value, low viscosity emulsion with the oil gel. Polymer hydro gel is can be manufactured at low cost compared to other formulations. Emulsion which shows a sharp viscosity difference according to the components of oil and water had a big difference in manufacturing cost. This study can be utilized as the fundamental data on the ultrasound transmission media equipped with expertise in various areas of ultrasound.

Participatory Design (PD) community recognized that identification of use case scenarios describing possible uses of the future system is beneficial for users to identify their system requirements. However, brainstorming is a typical methodology for users to create use case scenarios during PD session, which heavily depend on the people skill and experiences of the analysts. The objective of this study is to develop a theoretical framework for automatic generation of requirement scenarios. Automatically generated scenarios serves as a menu of the possible user requirements from which user group can start to generate ideas about their requirements. The convergent approach taken here is novel in that the generated scenarios describe system requirements as well as the business process requirements in which the system operates. A context-sensitive grammar is used to generate the context relevant requirement scenarios.