Earticle

Objective: Problem drinking among female students has concerned in Korean society. This study is to identify drinking behaviors and to examine the factors affect problem drinking among Korean female high school students. Methods: The 2009 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey, a nationwide dataset collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control, was used for analyses. The data contained a total of 17,978 female students. Results: The rate of alcohol drinking experience and current alcohol drinkers were 68.2% and 37.5%, respectively. The prevalence of early drinking onset (before age 13) was 14.2% and the problem drinking (defined as 2 or more points in the CRAFFT) among current drinkers was 29.2%. The factors that affected problem drinking were self-reported academic performance, living status, drinking before the age of 13, and drinking amounts. Female high school students who had began drinking before the age of 13 (odds ratio=1.51) and drunken soju 5 glasses or more (odds ration 3.39) had higher risk of having problem drinking. after controlling for the covariates such as age, grade, self-reported academic performance and living status. Conclusion: The intervention for the prevention of problem drinking should be tailored and developed for environmental factors and early drinking onset

Objectives: To analyze gender differences in drinking behavior and the need for alcohol-reduction programs for university freshmen. Methods: The subjects were 500 university freshmen selected from a city in Junbuk Province. Data were collected through a self-administered survey conducted in a classroom. Results: The mean AUDIT-K score was 8.9 for men and 6.4 for women and there were significant differences in binge drinking, amount of moderate drinking, experience of alcohol-reduction education, and the decisional balance of drinking (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that alcohol-reduction programs lead to gender differences in drinking behavior among university freshmen. There are implications for university policy to decrease drinking behavior.

Objectives: South Korea has a growing number of problems associated with drinking problems due to a permissive social atmosphere on drinking. This study was conducted in order to review the current situation of regional drinking characteristics and to examine differences of drinking behavior by sex and region among Korean university and college students. Methods: In 2011, an interview survey was conducted with 700 Korean students of universities and colleges located in seven metropolitan cities and the largest province (Gyeonggi-do). The AUDIT-K was used for classification of drinking problem. Multiple logistic regression analysis of survey data identified differences of regional drinking behavior. Results: According to the results, 73% of students were monthly drinkers, and 16.6% were high risk group of drinking behavior; 31.4% were risk group and 26.7% had alcohol use disorder by AUDIT-K. The rate of male students with a drinking problem was higher than that of females. In case of difference by region, students of universities and colleges located in coastal areas were more likely to have a drinking problem than students located in interior areas. In multiple regression models, difference by sex and region remained significant. Conclusion: Future efforts should focus on association between regional district characteristics and drinking problem in adults. To achieve this, we will need to provide help and health education for prevention in order to decrease drinking problems of university and college students.

Objectives: This study investigates the association between alcohol consumption behavior and mental health status, which is represented by subjective happiness, perceived stress and depression of residents in the Gangnam region of Seoul. Methods: Data was collected from a questionnaire of 460 residents in a single urban apartment complex during 6 days in January 2009. Items included questions on alcohol consumption behavior, the 4-item CAGE screening test for alcohol dependency and self-reported happiness, stress and depression. Results: The overall alcohol consumption rate is 84.7%, which is higher than the national average of 74.2%. Among the usual drinkers, 43.3% drink 2~4 times per month, while 8% drinks more frequently, i.e. 4 times per week and almost every day. The prevalence of drinkers that show alcohol dependence according to the CAGE scale was 15.5%, slightly lower than the national average, however still much higher than that in other countries. Regarding mental health status, 30% of the respondents perceived stress, which is slightly higher than national average, the main causes rising from work, financial and family issues. Prevalence of subjective depression was 32.2%, which is 12.5% higher than national average. Logistic regression results showed residents with higher levels of stress had higher levels of alcohol dependency. Conclusion: These findings suggest that stress is a major contributing factor in risky drinking patterns among the residents in this study. Drinking functions a measure of coping with stress and focusing on reducing stress levels may be an important strategy for developing healthy drinking behavior in this community.

본 연구는 범 이론적 모델을 적용하여 대학생의 음주행위 변화단계와 관련된 요인을 조사함으로써 음주행위 변화단계별 중재 전략을 개발하는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 J시 S 대학교의 기숙사에 거주하는 학부 학생 610명으로 자료수집기간은 2013년 11월 1일부터 11월 21일까지이었다. 자료 분석은 SPSS Win 10.0을 이용하여 서술통계, x2-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Logistic regression으로 분석하였다. 대학생의 음주행위 변화단계와 유의하게 관련된 요인으로 자기효능감, 음주의 이익, 변화과정의 행위적 과정인 자극통제, 성별, 전공과목과 종교 등으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과 대학생의 절주행위를 유도하기 위한 음주행위 변화단계에 따른 차별화된 중재 전략을 개발하는데 있어 성별과 전공을 고려하고 자극통제와 자기효능감을 높이며 음주의 이익에 대한 인식을 낮출 수 있는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있다.

This study was to identify the factors associated with stages of drinking behavior change of college students on the basis of the Transtheoretical Model. Data were collected from 610 college students using a self-report questionnaire. The factors associated with stages of drinking behavior change were self efficacy, pros of drinking, stimulus control, gender, major subject and religion. Strategies to enhance self efficacy, stimulus control and to diminish pros of drinking in college students will be an important intervention component to stop drinking in future studies.

Objects: This study examined the relations among college students’ personality characteristics, drink motivation, and drinking behavior. This study also examined the mediating effect of drink motivation on the relationship between college students’ personality characteristics and drinking behavior. Methods: The subjects of this study were 210 college students(male: 50, female: 160) attending a university in Chungnam. College students completed the personality characteristics, drink motivation, and drinking behavior scales. The data was analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and regressions. Results: Results indicated that college students’ neuroticism and extroversion were significantly related to drinking behavior. Also, college students’ social motivation and coping motivation were significantly related to drinking behavior. Especially, social motivation fully mediated the relationship between college students’ neuroticism and extroversion and drinking behavior. Coping motivation fully and partially mediated the relationship between college students’ neuroticism and extroversion and drinking behavior. Conclusions: In this study, the personality characteristics directly influence the drinking behavior, but they found the influence on the drinking behavior through the drink motivation. In particular, it is very necessary to intervene in the development of health education programs that can intervene in drink motivation for college students with neurotic characteristics.

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the factors that affect depression and its association with professional job stress, social support, and drinking behavior among skin care experts. Methods: The study subjects were 207 skin care experts in Ilsan area. A cross-sectional study with self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A questionnaire measuring socio-demographic and job related variables, job stress, social support and depression was used. T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression were used for analysis. Results: Job related variables, job stress, social support and depression were different in education level, job position, length of job and monthly income. The factors which affect depression were age, job stress and social support after controling other variables. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the future intervention of reducing depression among skin care experts should be carefully considered by the level of job stress and social support. Employee Assistance Programs need to be developed and provided for employees in order to reduce job stress and prevent depression.

이 연구의 목적은 경찰관의 정신건강 수준을 비교하고 우울 영향 요인을 확인하는데 있다. 이 연구는 2019년 10월부터 12월까지 경찰인재개발원의 직무교육과정에 참여한 경찰관 중 연구 참여에 동의한 후 자료를 수집한 493명의 2차 자료를 분석하는 서술적 조사 연구이다. 외상 후 스트레스장애, 음주행위와 우울을 측정하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS Statistics 23.0 프로그램을 사용하여 위계적회귀분석으로 분석 하였다. 연구결과 경찰관의 외상 후 스트레스장애 증상 점수는 24.39±17.98점, 음주행위도 8.70±6.03점, 우울은 3.15±3.93점이었고, 일반적 특성에 따라 차이를 보였다. 경찰관의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인은 장시간근무, 음주행위, 과각성이었다. 경찰관의 외상 후 스트레스장애 증상 경험 수준은 매우 높은 상태로 외상 사건을 경험한 경찰관의 과각성이 두드러지는 경우 우울 문제가 진행될 수 있으므로 이들을 위한 심리적 응급처치를 조기 단계에서 제공할 필요가 있다.

This study aimed to identify the differences in mental health status and factors related to depression in police officers. The secondary data from 493 police officers who participated in the survey at the Police Human Resources Development Institute between October and December 2019 was used. Depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and alcohol-drinking behavior were assessed. Data were analyzed using Hierarchical regression analysis with the SPSS 23.0 program. The score of PTSD symptoms was 24.39±17.98, drinking behavior 8.70±6.03, and depression 3.15±3.93 in the police officers. There were differences according to socio-demographic characteristics. Factors affecting the depression of police officers were long working hours, alcohol-drinking behavior, and hyper-arousal. Since the level of PTSD symptoms in police officers was very high and hyper-arousal may be prominent and aggravate depression; therefore it is necessary to provide psychological first aid (PFA) for police officers in the early stage.

Objectives: The study was performed to generate a database that could simultaneously consider the effect of both individual factors and social and environmental factors in problem drinking of high school students. Methods: The study used raw data from the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey which was performed in 2013. The data was analyzed using SPSS 17.0 for descriptive statistics, t-test and χ² test, and the multi-level factors were analyzed using SAS 9.2. Results: The results of the analysis show that, among the individual-level factors, the significant predictors of adolescent problem drinking were age, depression, suicide ideation, school record, albeit experience, and among the school-level factors, Conclusion: To reduce adolescents problem drinking, environmental level intervention should not be ignored.

Objectives: Recently, there have been increases in the rates for binge and problem drinking among youth. This study analyzed the health characteristics associated with problem and high-risk drinking among Korean university students. Methods: A health interview survey was conducted in November 2011 with 700 Korean university and college students located in seven metropolitan cities in the largest province (Gyeonggi-do). To examine the factors related to drinking behavior, the survey assessed health problems in the last year, health risk factors, and the intention to participate in drinking prevention programs. Multiple logistic regression analysis of the survey data identified differences in drinking behavior. Results: The majority (58.1%) of university students were identified as problem drinkers and 16.6% were classified as high-risk drinkers. A gender difference in drinking behavior was found. Multiple logistic regression models indicated significant differences by sex, academic year, experience of drinking problems in the last year, current smoking, secondary smoking exposure, skipping breakfast, and intention to participate in drinking prevention programs (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Future efforts should focus on the association between problem drinking and health risk factors among university students. To achieve this, the provision of an integrated health promotion program for reducing drinking problems in university campus is necessary.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of moderate drinking programs and to provide the basic material for studying moderate drinking programs. This study was conducted from September 2005 to May 2006. The participants consisted of 2,569 individuals from four (4) large companies. The companies involved in this study were KoreanRail ( a transportation company), Peoksan and Hanjin City Gas Construction (both of which are construction companies) and Lotte Corporation in Seoul. The instruments used in this study were as follows: AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test), for the statistical analysis, SPSS Windows(13.0) was used to analyze the data. This research used estimates for the moderate drinking programs. For the control group pre and post-tests were given in the form of self-administered questionnaires. In dealing with concerns about drinking and the effects that the work place has on the level of drinking, this program focused on four attributes The program’s purpose is to educate workers about moderate drinking programs, public relations, promo campaign programs, make available health and medical programs as well social-cultural programs. The results of this study are summed up as follows: The statistical analyses of the resulting effects from the control group were not greatly significant. The experimental group effects showed an increased correlation between drinking rate and drinking problems. Moderate drinking applied to the type of working styles was significant. It had an especially good result in aiding to distinguish the application of which type of program to follow when dealing with working styles. According to the analysis, in order for moderate drinking programs to be successful, there needs to be non-discriminatory enforcement. The whole company must actively participate for changes to be effective and efficient. Changes must occur at the CEO level, company administrators, labor unions and all the way down to the average business worker. Companies should make the moderate drinking culture part of their marketing model. If such programs are carried out as a long term process, significant benefits and effects will be obtained.

This study was conducted to evaluate the status of drinking and effect of health promotion program on alcohol consumption in painting company workers in Busan, Korea. Self administered questionnaire, asking attitude towards alcohol consumption was administered to 280 workers from one painting company and we also measured blood sugar level, cholesterol level, liver enzyme function. Those were conducted two times before and after carrying out the drinking reduction program. We reviewed the current alcohol consumption status of 280 workers through frequency analysis. And we also evaluated difference of drinking behavior and liver enzyme function before and after the drinking reduction program in painting company workers. Liver enzyme function difference was analyzed through paired T-test by using SPSS 12.0K program. Painting company workers answered that the drinking reduction program was helpful(74.6%) and workers' indifference and company culture towards alcohol consumption were major obstacles for moderate drinking. 52.3% of workers answered that they intended to reduce alcohol consumption and 31.5% of workers maintain moderate drinking behavior. Difference of liver enzyme function before and after drinking reduction program had statistically significance in GPT(p=.001) and r-GTP(p=.070). This study demonstrated that the drinking reduction program is effective for moderate drinking behavior and alcohol-related liver impairment. In association of drinking problem, it is important to invent various effective tools for moderate drinking behavior such as employee assistance program, supportive culture of company for problem drinking.

This study was aimed to survey the status of drinking behaviors of college students in Korea. Also one of the main purpose was to analyze the reasons why college students drink too much and how many students are binge drinkers. The survey procedures for the college students are as follows; Instrument: 80% of Harvard College Alcohol Study Questionnaires were used in KCAS Questionnaires. The samples: A national samples were selected from Korean Council on Educations list of accredited 4-year colleges by using probability proportionate to size of enrollment, types, and districts. Participating Universities: Considered districts and types of University, we selected 63 Universities randomly. We sent letters asking to be participated with this study to the presidents of each University. Participating letters from 55 Universities were arrived first. We called to the 8 University Presidents directly to join this study. 5 among the remaining 8 Universities agreed to participate with this survey. We decided to survey 60 University. Sampling and procedures: We selected samples in the participating Universities. First, we selected colleges, departments, and grades in participating University. Second, we sent proportionally assigned Questionnaires to the registrars or faculties. They returned the Questionnaires to my University. Sampling period: From May 15, 2003 to June 15 The main results are as follows; First, frequent binge drinking rate of College students is very high. About 65.7% of students are binge drinkers, and 33.2% are frequent binge drinkers. Second, frequent binge drinking rate of 24 or more aged students is higher than under ages. This is different with US and Canada's situations. Third, being different with US situation's, club affiliation doesn't affect to binge drinking greatly. Forth, also being different with US and Canadas situation's, the students who reside in the University are less likely to take binge drinking than the students who reside off-campus. Sixth, most of alcohol-related problems of Korean students are higher than those of US students, except sexual activities, drove after drinking, and argue with friends. Seventh, although Korean students drink more than US students, Korean students are 0less likely to have secondhand binge-drinking effects. Most of Korean people are more generous about the others drinking and drinking problems. And most of Korean people are thinking importantly of drinking socializing. So they dont think those things as problems.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the characteristics of criminals who committed forced crimes and their drinking behavior. The researchers examined differences in family history of alcohol use, recognition of relationship between one's criminal acts and drinking, and problematic drinking. of criminals who committed forced crimes by types of crime. And the researchers examined differences in problematic drinking and drinking motives of criminals with high antisocial trait and criminals with low antisocial trait. The participants were 305 male criminals who committed forced crimes whose ages ranged from 16 to 62 (M=32.23, SD=9.46). The questionnaires and psychological tests used in this research included the following: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Cooper’s Revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire, and Personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revised. It was found more family histories of alcohol use in criminals who committed simple forced crimes and rapes than in those who committed burglaries and homicides. And criminals who committed simple forced crimes and rapes recognized their crimes were related with drinking more than those who committed burglaries and homicides. Criminals who committed simple forced crimes experienced problematic drinking more frequently than those who committed burglaries. Criminals who committed forced crimes with low antisocial traits experienced more problematic drinking (dangerous drinking, dependent drinking, and hazardous drinking) and drank with higher drinking motives (social motives, enhancement motives, conformity motives, and coping motives) than Criminals who committed forced crimes with high antisocial traits.

Objectives: This study investigated the average number of drinkers in Korea, the number of high-risk drinkers, the average amount of alcohol consumed by high-risk drinkers, and the types of alcohol consumed according to the characteristics of the group of dependent drinkers. Methods: The results were obtained by analyzing the following data: The Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health; Country Profile 2014; WHO Country Profile 2014; Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014, Korean Statistical Information Service; National Tax Statistics-Liquor Tax; Gallup Drinking Frequency Survey 2015 Results: This study found that a large proportion of drinkers in Korea are already high-risk drinkers, and even among drinkers, alcohol consumption was highly biased. It was reported that 49.8% of men in the problem, abuse, and dependence groups accounted for 92.4% of total alcohol consumption among the male population. Notably, the 9.6% of men making up the dependent group consumed more than 30% of the alcohol ingested among males. Women had significant variations within groups that were considered high-risk and exhibited a large share of alcohol consumption in the problem (10.0% of the female population), abuse (1.8% of the female population), and dependence (1.5% of the female population) groups, constituting 72.8% of total alcohol consumption. The average amount of alcohol consumed by drinkers in Korea seems to have exceeded the level of intake by high-risk groups. Alcohol-dependent groups consumed 900.7 mL of soju, 405.2 mL of table wine, and 2,043.8 mL of beer, which is very similar to the consumption average of 2,031 mL of beer and 895.2 mL of soju in the drinking group. Conclusion: It has been shown that men's dependence on alcohol is serious, and it is possible to infer that alcohol consumption in some vulnerable groups is very high. As the average alcohol intake among alcohol-dependent groups and ordinary drinkers is very similar, it is highly likely that the drinker is an alcohol-dependent consumer in Korea.