Earticle

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify core keyword of frailty research in the past 35 years to understand the structure of knowledge of frailty. Methods: 10,367 frailty articles published between 1981 and April 2016 were retrieved from Web of Science. Keywords from these articles were extracted using Bibexcel and social network analysis was conducted with the occurrence network using NetMiner program. Results: The top five keywords with a high frequency of occurrence include ‘disability’, ‘nursing home’, ‘sarcopenia’, ‘exercise’, and ‘dementia’. Keywords were classified by subheadings of MeSH and the majority of them were included under the healthcare and physical dimensions. The degree centralities of the keywords were arranged in the order of ‘long term care’ (0.55), ‘gait’ (0.42), ‘physical activity’ (0.42), ‘quality of life’ (0.42), and ‘physical performance’ (0.38). The betweenness centralities of the keywords were listed in the order of depression’ (0.32), ‘quality of life’ (0.28), ‘home care’ (0.28), ‘geriatric assessment’ (0.28), and ‘fall’ (0.27). The cluster analysis shows that the frailty research field is divided into seven clusters: aging, sarcopenia, inflammation, mortality, frailty index, older people, and physical activity. Conclusion: After reviewing previous research in the 35 years, it has been found that only physical frailty and frailty related to medicine have been emphasized. Further research in psychological, cognitive, social, and environmental frailty is needed to understand frailty in a multifaceted and integrative manner.

Purpose: This study analyzed research trends related to childhood and adolescent cancer survivors (CACS) using word co-occurrence network analysis on studies registered in the Korean Citation Index (KCI). Methods: This word co-occurrence network analysis study explored major research trends by constructing a network based on relationships between keywords (semantic morphemes) in the abstracts of published articles. Research articles published in the KCI over the past 10 years were collected using the Biblio Data Collector tool included in the NetMiner Program (version 4), using "cancer survivors", "adolescent", and "child" as the main search terms. After pre-processing, analyses were conducted on centrality (degree and eigenvector), cohesion (community), and topic modeling. Results: For centrality, the top 10 keywords included "treatment", "factor", "intervention", "group", "radiotherapy", "health", "risk", "measurement", "outcome", and "quality of life". In terms of cohesion and topic analysis, three categories were identified as the major research trends: "treatment and complications", "adaptation and support needs", and "management and quality of life". Conclusion: The keywords from the three main categories reflected interdisciplinary identification. Many studies on adaptation and support needs were identified in our analysis of nursing literature. Further research on managing and evaluating the quality of life among CACS must also be conducted.

본 연구는 『오키나와 생활사』에 수록된 구술 증언을 대상으로 여성 지칭어를 중심 으로 한 언어 분석을 통해 전후 오키나와 여성의 경험을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 텍스트 마이닝과 공기어 네트워크 분석을 통해 855페이지 분량의 구술 자료에서 여성 지칭어의 출현 빈도와 맥락을 체계적으로 조사했다. 분석 결과, 여성 지칭어 중 母계열 (1,384회)과 祖母계열(1,060회) 지칭어가 압도적 빈도로 나타났으며, 이는 오키나와 사 회에서 여성이 주로 가족 및 친족 관계망 속에서 정의되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. ‘母’의 공기어로는 ‘来る’, ‘作る’, ‘働く’와 같은 생산과 노동 관련 동사가, ‘祖母’의 공기어로는 ‘世話する’, ‘話す’, ‘教える’와 같은 돌봄과 지식 전수 관련 동사가 높은 빈도를 보였다. 다음으로 복귀일 경험에 대한 서사를 분석한 결과, 여성들은 주로 일상 중심적 (57.7%), 생존 경제적(25%) 맥락에서 복귀를 해석한 반면, 남성들은 정치적 인식 중심 서사(37.8%)가 현저히 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 역사적 사건이 젠더에 따라 다르 게 경험되고 기억된다는 것을 보여주며, 오키나와 여성들은 오키나와의 역사를 이해하 는 데 있어 자신의 일상적 경험과 인식이 중요한 부분이었음을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용한 언어 분석을 통해 여성들의 집단적 경험을 재구성함으로써, 기존의 거시적 역사 서술에서 간과되었던 오키나와 여성들의 일

The objective of this study was to understand the experiences of post-war Okinawan women through linguistic analysis of female referential terms in oral testimonies recorded in “The Life History of Okinawa.” Through text mining and co-occurrence network analysis, this study systematically investigated the frequency and context of female referential terms in 855 pages of transcribed oral histories. The analysis found that among female referential terms, “mother” (1,384 times) and “grandmother” (1,060 times) appeared with overwhelming frequency, indicating that women in Okinawan society were primarily defined within family and kinship networks. Verbs related to production and labor such as “come,” “make,” and “work” frequently co-occurred with “mother,” while verbs related to caregiving and knowledge transmission such as “take care of,” “talk,” and “teach” frequently accompanied “grandmother.” Next, narrative analysis of repatriation experiences revealed that women mainly interpreted repatriation in everyday-centered (57.7%) and survival-economic (25%) contexts, while men's narratives were significantly more focused on political awareness (37.8%). These results revealed that historical events are experienced and remembered differently according to gender. Furthermore, for Okinawan women, their everyday experiences and perceptions were an important part of understanding Okinawan history. This study reconstructed women's collective experiences through linguistic analysis using text mining techniques. Thus, a new perspective on Okinawan history is presented highlighting the everyday voices and narratives of Okinawan women who have been overlooked in existing macro-historical narratives.

본 연구는 저출산 대응 온라인 텍스트에 나타난 육아정책 인식의 구조를 빅데이터 기반 키워드 공출현 네트워크 분석을 통해 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2021년 6월부터 2025년 5월까지네이버와 다음의 뉴스, 블로그, 카페 게시물에서 ‘저출산’과 ‘육아정책’을 검색어로 수집한 총 10,364 건의 자료를 분석하였다. 수집된 자료는 중복 문서와 광고성 게시물을 제거한 후, MeCab-ko 형태소분석기를 활용하여 명사를 추출하고, 불용어 처리와 유사어 정제 과정을 거쳤다. 자료의 수집과 정제에는 TEXTOM 6.0을 활용하였으며, 빈도 분석, TF-IDF 분석, 키워드 공출현 네트워크 분석, 에고네트워크 분석은 UCINET 6.813을 사용하여 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 온라인 담론은 ‘출산’, ‘유아’, ‘지원’, ‘휴직’을 중심으로 높은 밀도의 결집 구조를 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 ‘휴직’은 돌봄 시간 확보와 일⋅가정 양립의 제도적 실현 가능성을가늠하는 핵심 개념으로 확인되었다. 또한 에고 네트워크 분석 결과, ‘출산’은 ‘임신’과 ‘휴직’, ‘유아’ 는 ‘부모’, ‘지원’은 ‘가정’ 및 제도 연계, ‘부모’는 ‘노동’과 ‘직장문화’와 긴밀하게 연결된 구조를 보였다. 이는 육아정책에 대한 대중의 인식이 가족의 책임, 노동 조건, 정책의 이행 가능성이 유기적으로통합된 인식 틀을 형성하고 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 결과는 저출산 대응 정책이 단순한 급여 및 서비스 확대에 그칠 것이 아니라, 제도 간 연계성, 일⋅가정 양립의 실질적 실행 가능성, 성평등한 돌봄 분담을 함께 고려하는 방향으로 설계될 필요가 있음을 보여준다.

This study aims to examine the structure of perceptions of childcare policy represented in online texts related to responses to low fertility through a big data-based keyword co-occurrence network analysis. A total of 10,364 documents were collected from news articles, blogs, and online cafe posts on Naver and Daum between June 2021 and May 2025 using the keywords low fertility and childcare policy. After removing duplicate and advertising materials, nouns were extracted using MeCab-ko, followed by stopword removal and synonym refinement. Data collection and preprocessing were conducted using TEXTOM 6.0, while frequency analysis, TF-IDF analysis, keyword co-occurrence network analysis, and ego-network analysis were performed using UCINET 6.813. The findings showed that online discourse was centered on childbirth, infant, support, and leave. In particular, leave emerged as a key concept associated with securing caregiving time and realizing work-family balance. The results suggest that public perceptions of childcare policy are shaped by the interaction of family responsibility, labor conditions, and policy feasibility. Accordingly, policy responses to low fertility should move beyond the simple expansion of benefits and services and instead consider institutional connectivity, the practical feasibility of work-family balance, and gender-equal sharing of care.

This study marks the 25th anniversary of The Jungang English Language and Literature Association of Korea by reassessing the discursive field shaped by its journal, The Jungang Journal of English Language and Literature. Employing network analysis and visualization—core methods in digital humanities—this paper maps the co-occurrence networks of keywords extracted from article titles published between 2000 and 2024. The resulting synchronic-diachronic reconstruction illuminates the journal’s evolving intellectual landscape. In linguistics, English-language education has gradually eclipsed core linguistics, yet articles written in English increasingly foreground the latter, with phonology and phonetics showing a marked upward trajectory. Literary studies, once dominated by feminist and socially critical research, show a partial depoliticization as formalist inquiries— especially into narrative techniques—gain prominence in recent years. These patterns reveal the intricate, shifting interrelations that constitute contemporary Korean scholarship in English language and literature. By restoring this dynamic field of academic discourse, the paper offers an intellectual historical perspective on Korean English studies. The present study lays a foundation for a broader understanding of scholarly discourse in the Korean humanities.

기후변화와 도시 고밀화로 재난 양상이 복잡해짐에 따라, 기존 인력 중심 소방 체계는 탐지부터 대응에 이르는 전 과정에서 한계에 직면하 고 있다. 본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 기술이 접목된 국내 스마트 소방 기술의 구조와 연계 양상을 특허 데이터를 활용해 정량적으로 규명하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2014~2023년 KIPRIS에 출원된 관련 특허 2,269건을 대상으로 LDA 토픽 모델링과 CPC 공출현 네트워크 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 ‘스마트 대피 유도’, ‘생체․환경 센서망’ 등 10개의 핵심 기술 토픽이 도출되었으며, 일부 토픽은 기술 간 연결을 매개하는 허브로 기능하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 네트워크 연결은 데이터․서비스(G06Q)와 감지․경보(G08B) 기술군에 상대적 으로 집중된 반면, AI 제어(G06N) 및 현장 실행 장비(A62C) 기술은 주변부에 위치해 연계가 제한적으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 스마트 소방 기술 고도화를 위해 데이터 중심 기술과 현장 실행 기술 간 연계를 강화하는 R&D 기획 및 실증 연계 방향을 시사한다. 나아가 본 연구는 특허 기반 정량 분석을 통해 국내 스마트 소방 기술 생태계의 구조적 특징을 실증적으로 진단하고, 데이터 중심 기술과 현장 실행 기술의 융합 활성화를 위한 정책․기술적 시사점을 제시한다.

Climate change and increasing urban density have intensified the complexity of disaster scenarios, exposing the limitations of manpower-centered firefighting systems across the entire process from detection to response. This study aims to quantitatively identify the structural characteristics and convergence patterns of smart firefighting technologies in Korea—enabled by Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies—using patent data. To this end, we analyzed 2,269 related patents filed in KIPRIS between 2014 and 2023 by applying LDA-based topic modeling and a CPC co-occurrence network analysis. The results yielded ten core technology topics, including Smart Evacuation Guidance and Biometric and Environmental Sensor Networks, and showed that some topics function as hubs mediating connections among technologies. However, the overall network exhibited a structural bias in which connectivity was concentrated in data/service (G06Q) and detection/alarm (G08B) technology groups, whereas AI control (G06N) and field-execution equipment (A62C) remained at the periphery. Based on these findings, this study suggests strategic directions toward more balanced R&D investment and a transition to an intelligent, integrated linkage architecture. Finally, this study presents patent-based empirical evidence on the structural features of Korea’s smart firefighting technology ecosystem and presents practical implications for strengthening convergence between data-centric technologies and field-execution technologies.

배경 및 목적 본 연구는 코로나19가 지속되는 위험 상황에서 소셜 미디어 의존 이론을 기반으로, 소셜 미디어를 대표하는 유튜브상 코로나19 대응 주무 정부 기관이 생성하고 업로드한 콘텐츠와 이에 대한 댓글, 그리고 정부 기관이 아닌 일반인이 생성하여 공유한 유튜브 콘텐츠와 이에 대한 댓글 내 담론을 비교 분석하였다. 나아가, 국내 코로나19 1차 대유행 시점부터 현 진행 상황인 3차 대유행 추이에 맞게 시계열적 추이를 탐색하고자 하였다. 방법 유튜브 콘텐츠 추출 프로그램으로 모집된 총 823건의 정부 기관 콘텐츠, 이에 대한 1만1399건의 댓글, 일 반이 업로드한 1088건의 콘텐츠와 이에 대한 8만9816개의 댓글을 대상으로 주제어 빈도 분석, 토픽 모델 링의 LDA 분석과 연결 중심성(degree centrality) 분석을 통한 동시 출현(co-occurrence) 단어와 최종 핵심어를 도출하였다. 결과 각 대유행 시기별 정부 기관의 유튜브 콘텐츠는 코로나19 발생 상황, 확진자나 격리자 정보, 감염 경로 등과 같은 위험 정보 제공 등 신속성과 일관성 그리고 투명성 부분에서 통일된 메시지가 전달되었다. 하지만, 정부 기관 내용에 대한 댓글이나 일반인 콘텐츠 및 그 댓글은 대유행마다 존재했던 이슈에 좀 더 구체적이고 민감 하게 반응하였다. 1차 대유행 시기에는 정부의 방역 노력에 대한 감사 표현과 찬사가 많았지만, 대유행이 3 차로 이어지면서 코로나19 대응에 대한 정부 대책의 미비 및 정책적 실효성에 대한 부정적인 목소리도 다수 존재하였다. 논의 및 결론 코로나19 이슈는 소멸된 위험 이슈가 아닌 지금도 진행형이며, 향후에도 지속적으로 국민의 건강과 직결하 는 높은 위험성을 지니기에, 위험 관리 측면에서 정부의 효율적이며 전략적인 양방향 위험 커뮤니케이션 역 할을 강조하는 논의를 제시하였다.

Objectives The main purpose of this study was to analyze any differences of the youtube contents uploaded by the Korean government and the publics, and their replies related to the COVID-19 risk, and the periodical changes of the overall discourse trends along with the three Korean COVID-19 pandemic periods. Methods For the end, this study used several big data analysis methods such as a term frequency analysis, a topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and a co-occurrence network analysis after collecting the whole data. Results The results of this study indicated that all of the risk communication channels used different terms in different ways in order to provide appropriate agenda, discourses and frames regaring the COVID-19 risk over time. Conclusions Several theoretical and practical implications of the governmental risk communication management in terms of risk information adequency, transparency, openness, relationshipbuilding and two-way interactivies were discussed.

Purpose - This study conducts the co-occurrence analysis, one of the social network analysis using UGC (user generated content), in order to understand the foreign tourists’ destination experience. Design/methodology/approach - For this purpose, this study selects Insa-dong as the study sites, and collects 3,512 qualitative text data and quantitative rating data of global OTA. Findings - The result of frequency analysis of noun shows that the experience objects of foreign tourists within a Insa-dong were mainly concentrated in the geographical and the spatial structure, the composition of street and so on, and the frequency result of adjectives shows that the experience images and cognitions of foreign tourists are maily related to Korean tradition and culture, the quantity and size of the space, and foreign tourists’ evaluation and feeling. The result of co-occurrence network diagram of nouns or adjectives and rating shows that the streets and shopping, Korean tradition are strongly connected with the five points with the highest rating. On the other hand, lower scores are strongly related to souvenirs, goods, antiques, products, experience, couple, and night life. Research implications or Originality - These results will be able to contribute to planning and management strategies for international tourism and establishing future development directions by utilizing the tourism experience data of foreign tourists.

This article explores how the concept of “civilization” (munmyeong 文明) was refunctioned in two Korean associational journals published following the 1905 protectorate: Dae-Han jaganghoe wolbo (1906–1907) and Giho heunghakhoe wolbo (1908–1909). Using co-occurrence network analysis combined with genre-sensitive close reading, it demonstrates that munmyeong served different organizational functions depending on field-specific contexts. In Dae-Han jaganghoe wolbo, the concept was linked with legality, local autonomy, and institutional standards, functioning as a language of state capacity that both justified reform and expressed ambivalence toward Japan. Conversely, in Giho heunghakhoe wolbo, munmyeong was integrated into educational and associative frameworks, including teacher training, school establishment, branch expansion, and civic self-cultivation. This shift moved the focus of civilizational efforts from external sovereignty claims to practical, collective survival practices under increased surveillance after 1907. Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory and Elias’s view of civilization as a process, the article suggests that the concept’s role was influenced not only by its lexical meaning but also by genre, organizational routines, and political constraints. Overall, it illustrates how Korean reformers transformed “civilization” from a state-centered evaluative framework into an educational and organizational routine within associational print media.

본 연구는 공공도서관 리더십 연구의 동향을 체계적으로 분석하고 발전 방향을 제시하기 위해 동시 출현 네트워크 분석을 진행하였다. 1989년 1월부터 2025년 3월까지, 총 36년의 공공도서관 리더십 관련 학술논문(1,061건)을 시기별로 구분(1기: 1989~2003년, 2기: 2004~2014년, 3기: 2015~2025년)하여 저자 키워드의 동시 출현 네트워크를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 1기에는 기술적 기반의 조직 및 변화 관리 중심의 연구가 주를 이루었으며, 2기에서는 정보 리터러시, 협력, 혁신 등 다각적이고 융합적인 연구로 확장되었다. 3기에서는 다양성, 포용성, 감성지능, 위기관리 등 사회·문화적 이슈와 외부 환경 변화에 대응하는 공감 기반의 포용적 리더십 연구들이 활발히 이루어졌다. 이를 통해 공공도서관 리더십 연구가 초기의 관리적 관점에서 출발하여 점차 포용적이고 실천적인 연구로 발전해왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 향후 공공도서관 리더십 연구는 학제 간 융합 플랫폼 구축, 효과성 평가·진단 도구 개발, 정책적 로드맵 수립을 통해 현장 리더십 역량과 지역사회 신뢰를 높여 도서관의 지속가능 발전을 뒷받침해야 함을 제언하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 학문적 기여와 함께 공공도서관의 현장 리더십 강화와 정책 수립에도 실질적인 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study examines research trends in public library leadership through bibliometric mapping. Articles published between 1989 and 2025 were divided into three phases to analyze keyword frequencies and network structures. Phase 1 focused on technology-based organizational and change management. Phase 2 showed diversification into information literacy, collaboration, and innovation. Phase 3 highlighted issues such as diversity, inclusion, emotional intelligence, and crisis management. The results reveal a shift from managerial and technical themes to multidimensional and practice-oriented leadership research. This study suggests future research should pursue interdisciplinary approaches, address environmental changes, and promote social values. The findings contribute to both academic discourse and practical leadership development in public libraries.

본 연구에서는 최근 10년간 진행된 청소년을 대상으로 한 기업가정신 및 창업 교육의 동향을 분석하여 향후 교육의 방향과 시사점을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2012년부터 2022년까지 발표된 국내 학술지 논문 66편의 연도별 논문의 수와 연구대상, 연구방법을 분석하고, 초록을 중심으로 동시발생 네트워크 분석과 LDA 토픽모델링 분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 전체 대상논문 중 2017년, 2018년, 2019년 3년간의 논문이 37편으로 비중이 50% 이상을 차지하였고, 고등학생(40.9%)을 대상을 한 연구가 다수였다. 연구 방법별 분석은 프로그램 및 모형(40.9%)과 관련된 논문과 관계변인(36.3%)에 대한 논문 순으로 나타났다. 동시발생 네트워크 결과 ‘사회적’, ‘창업의도’, ‘필요’, ‘인식’, ‘함양’ 등의 단어가 중심에 위치하고 연결중심성이 높게 나타났다. LDA 토픽 모델링 분석결과 6개의 주제 영역으로 도출되었다. 다수의 연구는 고등학생을 대상으로 한 연구로 편중되어 있어 향후 초등학생과 중학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다. 또한 청소년을 대상으로 한 기업가정신 및 창업 교육 관련 논문이 양적으로 부족하기 때문에 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.

This study aims to analyze trends in entrepreneurship and start-up education for youth over the past 10 years and suggest directions and implications for future education. The number of papers by year was analyzed as research subjects. The research methods of 66 domestic academic journal papers published from 2012 to 2022 conducted co-occurrence network analysis and LDA topic modeling analysis focusing on abstracts. The research results are as follows: There were 37 papers from the three years of 2017, 2018, and 2019, accounting for more than 50%, and the majority of the studies targeted high school students (40.9%). Analysis by research method showed papers related to programs and models (40.9%), followed by papers on relationship variables (36.3%). As a result of Co-occurring network analysis, 'Social,' 'Entrepreneurship Intention,' 'Need,' 'Awareness' and 'Cultivation' was located at the center and showed a high degree of centrality. As a result of LDA topic modeling analysis, six topic categories were derived. Many studies for youth are focused on high school students, so research is needed targeting elementary and middle school students in the future. Additionally, since there is relatively little research on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education for youth, more research is needed.

본 연구는 문화유산 관광지에 대한 관광객들의 인지 특성과 경험 구조를 이해하기 위해 빅데이터인 UGC 데이터를 활용해서 소셜네트워크 분석의 일종인 Co-occurrence 네트워크 분석을 진행하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 중국의 대표 문화유산 관광도시인 시안(Xi'an)의 5A 등급의 문화유산 관광지 6개소를 연구대상지로 선정하고, 대표 여행 사이트를 대상으로 정성적 데이터인 리뷰 텍스트(형용사와 명사)와 정량적 평가점수인 평점을 수집하였다. 빈도분석 결과, 형용사의 경우 ‘괜찮은’, ‘좋은’ ‘큰’, ‘웅장한’, 명사의 경우 ‘역사’, ‘체험’, ‘가이드’, ‘추천’, ‘교육’ , ‘아이’ 등과 관련된 단어의 빈도가 높게 나타났다. 다음으로 Co-Occurrence 네트워크 분석결과, 평점 5점과 가장 동시 출현 빈도가 높은 단어는 ‘괜찮은’, ‘좋은’, ‘경치’, ‘가이드’로 나타났으며, 평점 1점과 가장 동시 출현 빈도가 높은 단어는 ‘낮은’, ‘비싼’과 ‘입장료’ 등으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과는 관광객이 생산한 정성적, 정량적 UGC 데이터를 활용하여 문화유산 관광객의 핵심 욕구를 파악하였다는 데에 의의가 있으며, 문화유산 관광지의 계획 및 관리전략 수립에 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study conducted a co-occurrence analysis using UGC (user-generated content) and big data to understand the cognitive characteristics and experience structure of tourists at cultural heritage sites. For this purpose, six cultural heritage sites of grade 5A in Xi 'an, China, were selected as the study sites, and qualitative review data (adjectives and nouns) and quantitative grade data from one of the representative online travel agencies in China were collected. The frequency analysis showed that the adjectives decent, good, big, and grand and the nouns history, experience, tour guide, recommendation, education, and child occurred with a high frequency. According to the co-occurrence network analysis, the score of 5 appeared the most with decent, good, and scenery, and the score of 1 with low, expensive, and entrance ticket price. The above research results are relevant in order to find out the core needs of cultural heritage tourists using qualitative and quantitative UGC data generated by tourists and are important to develop strategies related to the planning and management of cultural heritage destinations.

This study uses social network analysis to explore how the concepts of “jiewu” (解悟) and “zhengwu” (證悟) in East Asian Buddhism were formed and how their meanings subsequently changed. The paper analyzes the terms separately in passages from various Buddhist texts, tracking the co-occurrence of each term with other relevant keywords. Trends in the usage of both “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were traced over time through an analysis of the contexts in which they developed and their relationships with other significant Buddhist terminology. Specifically, the study analyzed the texts of the Sanlun School (Jizang, Hyegyun), the Tiantai School (Zhiyi, Guanding, Tanyan), and the Huayan School (Fazang, Chengguan, Zongmi). These texts were searched through CBETA Online and paragraphs including “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were analyzed using KH Coder. Texts identical in content and authorship but with different titles were excluded from the analysis. Results showed that “jiewu” and “zhengwu” had not yet been paired together, either in contrast or as complements, in the earlier era of the Sanlun and Tiantai schools. It was not until the time of Chengguan and Zongmi in subsequent eras that “jiewu” and “zhengwu” were divided into enlightenment at the level of understanding and enlightenment at the ultimate level, respectively, forming paired concepts. These masters discussed both terms in the context of sudden and gradual approaches to enlightenment. Visually, the networks of terminology for Chengguan and Zongmi look similar, revealing a shared context for the use of these concepts in their writings. There were, however, some differences in their interpretation of “zhengwu”, such as the emphasis on the nature of suddenness or gradualness in Chengguan and Zongmi’s texts, respectively. As this study only analyzed the concepts of “jiewu” and “zhengwu”, various synonyms such as “jie” and “zheng” were not considered and should be examined in future research.

Objectives : This study aimed to clarify the structured diagnostic reasoning embedded in the Ten Questions chapter of Jingyue Quanshu by applying category-based co-occurrence and semantic network analysis. Methods : The original text was segmented into units of meaning, categorized into eight analytical domains through qualitative content analysis, and mapped through consensus coding. Category relationships were examined using co-occurrence-based semantic network analysis. Results : Cold-heat showed the highest frequency, and the pathogenic nature judgment category functioned as the central hub of the network. Yin deficiency and insufficiency were prominent alongside excess-type factors, while negation-based indicators of functional impairment and the mediating role of pulse and complexion were identified. Conclusions : The Ten Questions chapter constitutes a highly organized diagnostic reasoning system centered on pathogenic nature judgment, with cold-heat and exterior-interior differentiation serving as primary gateways. This study presents a data-driven structural reinterpretation of classical inquiry-based diagnosis, complementing conventional qualitative approaches.

Purpose - This study conducts the co-occurrence analysis, one of the social network analysis using global OTA’s online reviews and grades in order to understand the experience structure of foreign tourists visiting cutural tourism resources in Jeju, Korea. Design/methodology/approach - For this purpose, this study selects 6 cultural tourism resources in Jeju as the study sites, and collects qualitative review data (noun, adjectives, and verb) and quantitative grade data. Findings - The co-occurrence network analysis between words and grade of market and street shows that the grade of 5 appears the most simultaneous with pork, buy, lot, try, fresh, black, food, price, seafood, local, market, good, street, etc. and the grade of 1 connects with small, dish, better, taste, etc. And the co-occurrence network analysis between words and grade of tradition and folklore shows that the grade of 5 appears the most simultaneous with village, place, museum, visit, time, life, culture, women, diver, use, lot, etc. and the grade of 1 connects with minute, spend, room, recommend, honey, etc. Research implications or originality - The above research results are relevant in order to find out the core experience of foreign tourists using online review and grade generated by foreign tourists and use as the important information to develop the strategies related to the planning and management of cultural tourism resources.

This study employs network analysis, a digital humanities methodology, to examine the thematic development and research trends in the New Korean Journal of English Language and Literature over the past 50 years (1973?2022). Focusing on the titles of 1,453 articles, the research constructs co-occurrence networks to identify key themes and their interconnections, revealing the dynamic evolution of English studies in Korea. This essay reveals that linguistic studies consistently revolve around “English,” with growing emphasis on applied linguistics and educational applications. On the other hand, literary studies have shifted from early genre-focused research to addressing broader social and cultural issues, including feminism and political discourses. We demonstrate the value of network analysis in grasping the complex relationships and structural transformations within academic disciplines. By complementing traditional qualitative approaches, the analysis provides deeper insights into how research themes emerge, interact, and evolve over time. Our study illuminates the historical and intellectual trajectories of Korean English studies and suggests computational methodology for future research. This approach offers a replicable framework for exploring thematic trends across other academic fields, advancing the scope of digital humanities in scholarly inquiry.

본 연구는 대표적인 레거시(Legacy) 기술인 3세대(3G) 이동통신 기술을 중심으로 키워드 동시출현(Co-Occurrence) 네트워크 분석을 통해 세대별 혁신을 탐구하고자 하였다. 이동통신 기술은 1980년대 초 1세대 아날로그 통신에서 시작하여 2세대디지털 통신, 3세대 모바일 브로드밴드, 4세대 고속 데이터 전송 기술, 그리고 현재의 5세대 기술로 진화해 왔다. 3G 기술은 음성 통신에 국한되었던 이전 세대와 달리 데이터 통신과 멀티미디어 서비스를 가능하게 하여 이동통신 분야의 중요한 변화를 이끌었다. 그러나 4G와 5G 기술의 도입으로 3G 기술은 현재 레거시 기술로 간주되며, 기존 인프라를 기반으로 새로운 기술과의 호환성을 유지하면서 점진적인 개선이 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 3G 기술의 표준화 전후 발전 과정을 키워드 동시출현 네트워크 분석을 통해 비교하여 기술 혁신의 연속성을 이해하고, 3G 기술의 발전 과정에서 이론적 연구와 산업적 활용 간의 공백을 살펴보고자 논문과 특허 데이터를 통해 분석을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 2000년부터 2020년까지의 3G 관련 논문 및 특허 데이터를 수집하여 키워드 동시출현 네트워크를 구축하고 중심성을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 3G 기술 등장 초기에는 고속 네트워크 구축과 데이터 전송 효율성에 중점을 두었으나, 이후 4G와 5G 등 표준이 교체됨에 따라 멀티미디어 서비스와 다양한 응용 서비스 구현에 집중되었다. 또한, 이론적 연구에서는 QoS(서비스 품질), 안테나 설계, 대역폭 관리 등이 활발히 연구된 반면, 특허와 같은 실용적 응용으로 이어지지 않은 점이 확인되었다. 반면, 산업적 활용이 활발했던 멀티미디어 서비스 구현, 데이터 패킷 전송 최적화 등은 학문적으로 덜 연구된 부분으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석을 통해 레거시 기술인 3G 기술이 후속 세대에 미친 영향을 체계적으로 파악하였으며, 학문적 연구와 산업적 응용 간의 불일치를 발견하였다. 본 연구는 3세대 이동통신을 중심으로 이동통신 기술의 발전 과정을 이해하는 데 기여하며, 향후 이동통신 기술에 있어 기술혁신 및 표준화 방향을 예측하는 데 의의를 갖는다.

This study investigates generational innovation using keyword co-occurrence network analysis, focusing on 3rd Generation (3G) mobile communication technology, a representative legacy technology. Unlike earlier generations limited to voice communication, 3G enabled data communication and multimedia services, driving significant changes. However, with the advent of 4G and 5G, 3G is now considered a legacy technology, maintained with gradual improvements for compatibility. This study compares the pre- and post-standardization development of 3G through keyword co-occurrence network analysis to understand the continuity of technological innovation and examines the gap between theoretical research and industrial application. We collected papers and patents related to 3G from 2000 to 2020, constructed a keyword co-occurrence network, and analyzed centrality. The results indicate an initial focus on high-speed networks and data transmission efficiency, later shifting to multimedia services and applications. Theoretical research actively addressed QoS, antenna design, and bandwidth management, but practical applications lagged behind. Conversely, industrial applications such as multimedia services and data packet optimization were less studied academically. This analysis identifies the impact of 3G on subsequent generations and highlights mismatches between academic research and industrial application, contributing to our understanding of mobile communication technology development and predicting future innovation and standardization directions.

최근 국내 전자통신 산업에서 지식과 기술 단위에서의 융합이 활발히 일어나고 있다. 이 같은 변화는 산업의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 중소기업들에게 엄청난 위협인 동시에 새로운 기회로 작용하고 있다. 특히 기존 지식과새로운 지식의 역할이 중요한데, 본 연구에서는 이들 지식 사이의 융합이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향에 주목하고 있다. IPC 공동출현 네트워크 개념을 활용하여 기업의 지식융합 특성을 ‘활용적’, ‘탐험적’ 그리고 ‘분산적’으로 구분하고, 이러한 특성들이 각각 활용적, 탐험적 혁신성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대해 실증분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 NICE 평가정보에서 제공하는 한국표준산업분류(KSIC-9)(9차개정) 중 26(전자부품, 컴퓨터, 영상, 음향 및통신장비 제조업)과 28(전기장비 제조업)을 전자통신 산업으로 간주하고, 해당분류에 속한 중소기업들의 자료를 수집하였다. 분석 결과, 활용적인 지식융합은 활용적, 탐험적 혁신성과에 유의미한 영향을 주지 못하는 반면 탐험적지식융합은 활용적, 탐험적 혁신성과 모두 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 분산적 지식융합은 활용적 혁신성과에는 긍정적인 영향을 주나, 탐험적 혁신성과에는 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 기업들은 한정된 자원 하에서 자신의 지식융합 특성을 파악하여 전략적으로 혁신을 추구할 필요가 있다는 전략적 시사점을 도출하였다.

Recently, convergence in knowledge and technology has been active in domestic electronics & telecommunication industry. These changes provide great opportunities as well as big threat to small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) which consist the most of the industry. In particular, since the role of existing and new knowledge is important, this study focus on the effect of convergence between these knowledge on innovation performance. Using IPC co-occurrence network, firms’ knowledge convergence characteristics can be divided into three types: ‘exploitative’ knowledge convergence, ‘exploratory’ knowledge convergence and ‘dispersive’ knowledge convergence. And how each characteristic affects exploitative and exploratory innovation is empirically analyzed. KSIC(Korea Standard Industrial Classification, 9th edition) code 26 and code 28 provided by the NICE Information Service are considered as a electronics & telecommunication industries. The results show that exploratory knowledge convergence has a significant and positive effect on exploitative and exploratory innovation each. And the dispersive knowledge convergence has only effect on exploitative innovation. Meanwhile the exploitative knowledge convergence has no significant effect on exploitative and exploratory innovation. According to these results, firms should recognize their characteristics of knowledge convergence and strategically pursue innovation with their limited resources.

This study aims to establish objective criteria for selecting basic Chinese characters for Korean language education by analyzing the frequency and co-occurrence network of Chinese characters included in the Basic Korean Vocabulary for Learners (National Institute of the Korean Language, 2003). Sino-Korean words were extracted from the list, and the frequency of each character’s occurrence was calculated. A character co-occurrence network was then constructed, and major indices of social network analysis were applied. The results revealed that characters such as 的, 學, 國, 大, and 用 occupy central positions within the network. These central characters participate in the formation of a wide range of compound words and function as core units for word formation and semantic expansion. By extending the frequency-based approach to a network-based analysis, this study demonstrates the potential and direction of data-driven research on Chinese characters in Korean language education.

Purpose ? The purpose of this study is to analyze the tourism experience structure of foreign tourists participating one-day tour package in Jeju, South Korea, using global OTA’s online reviews and the co-occurrence network analysis. Design/methodology/approach - This study selects 8 one-day tour package more than 50 online reviews in Trip advisor, and collects online review text data (noun, adjectives, and verb), quantitative grade data and tourist types. Findings - When foreign tourists visiting Jeju experience one-day tour package, it was found that they gave very positive evaluations regarding the service and kindness of drivers or commentators, the appropriateness of travel schedules, and the usefulness of commentary information on Jeju’s culture and nature. By tourist type, the solo tourists emphasized cognitive experience, the family type emphasized social experience, and the friends type emphasized sensory experience including visual experience. Research implications or originality - The results of this study are significant in that it find out the key experience objects, experience images and experience behaviors of foreign tourists participating one-day tour package and use as the important information to develop a differentiated marketing strategies related to the improvement of service quality of inbound tourism.