Earticle

This study was conducted on elite bodybuilders for 6 weeks using two weight loss methods (traditional method=high-weight loss vs. new method=low-weight loss). The subjects of this study were 26 male ac-tive elite bodybuilders who voluntarily wanted to participate in this ex-periment, and were divided into experimental group and traditional group. The traditional and experimental groups underwent dietary re-strictions and training for 6 weeks. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that in the case of anthropometric variables, there is a difference in weight class between the two groups. The ex-perimental group’s upper arm circumference was maintained com-pared to the pre-measured value after post-measurement, while the traditional group decreased, and a significant interaction effect was observed. In particular, a significant interaction effect was observed. In that the absolute value of maximum oxygen intake was significantly in-creased only in the post-experimental group compared to the pretest, and an interaction effect was observed, the use of low-weight loss method is more effective than the traditional method of high-weight loss method. An increase in some cytokines was observed despite tradition-al weight loss, but it did not cause an excessive decrease in immunity or a sharp decrease in performance factors. As a result of this experi-ment, it is judged that the use of a low-weight loss method is more pref-erable than the traditional high-weight loss method in relation to perfor-mance variables.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different weight reduction methods on the body composition characteristics, cardiopulmonary functions, and health promotion of elite bodybuilding athletes in a comprehensive manner. For this purpose, the study ana-lyzed the effects of two different weight reduction methods on 25 elite bodybuilding athletes registered at the Bodybuilding Association over a period of 6 weeks. There were interactive effects on macronutrients, macrominerals, and antioxidants according to weight reduction meth-ods as the experiment group (6%±2%) maintained a certain amount of food intakes across various nutrients including energy intakes or made a slow decrease it, whereas the traditional group (16%±4%) made a sharp decrease in it due to relatively greater weight reduction than the experiment group and thus showed pattern differences from it. As for immunity variables, there was an increase to certain cytokines despite the traditional high weight reduction method, but it caused no exces-sive reduction of immunity or rapid decrease to certain factors of body composition. In addition, there were no significant differences in main and interactive effects on the one-repetition maximum of bench press and squat, which are two functional indicators of health promotion. These findings imply that the low weight reduction method within the range of 6%±2% minimized or maintained changes to muscle circum-ference or mass while causing no improvement to muscular strength.

[목적] 본 연구는 보디빌딩 동호인을 대상으로 참여동기, 자기효능감, 몰입, 그리고 운동지속의도 간의 관계를 알아 보았다. [방법] 수도권 지역 보디빌딩 동호인을 대상으로 총 343부의 설문지를 수집하여 확인적 요인분석, 그리고 경 로분석을 하였다. [결과] 연구 결과는 첫째, 참여동기의 하위 요인 중 즐거움, 사회성, 건강은 자기효능감에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 성취는 미치지 못했다. 둘째, 즐거움, 성취, 건강은 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미친 반면, 사회성은 미치 지 않았다. 셋째, 자기효능감과 몰입은 운동지속의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 참여동기의 하위 요인 중 즐거 움, 사회성, 건강은 운동지속의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 성취는 미치지 않았다. [결론] 이러한 결과는 내적 동기 요인이 보디빌딩 동호인의 운동 참여를 지속하는 데 핵심적인 역할을 함을 시사한다.

[Purpose] This study investigated the relationship between motivation to participate, self-efficacy, and exercise adherence among lower-level building enthusiasts. [Method] A total of 343 questionnaires were collected from bodybuilding enthusiasts in the metropolitan area, and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were performed. [Results] The study results showed that, first, among the subfactors of participation motivation, enjoyment, sociability, and health significantly influenced self-efficacy, but not achievement. Second, enjoyment, achievement, and health significantly influenced flow, while sociability did not. Third, self-efficacy and flow significantly influenced intention to continue exercising. Fourth, among the subfactors of participation motivation, enjoyment, sociability, and health significantly influenced intention to continue exercising, but achievement did not. [Conclusion] These results suggest that intrinsic motivation plays a key role in sustaining exercise participation among bodybuilding enthusiasts.

The central purpose of the current research is to identify how 12-week bodybuilding exercise affects muscle dysmorphia. The research subjects consisted of an experimental group and a control group, each with 16 freshmen at college. MDI(muscle dysmorphic inventory), developed by Schlundt, Woodford, Brownlee(2000) was utilized to collect relevant data, which was analyzed by PASW 18.0. An independent two sample t-test was conducted to see whether there exists any significant difference between the two groups in the pre- and the post-tests. A paired t-test, in turn, was performed to identify whether there is any difference between the two tests for each group. The statistical significance level was set at p<.05. It was found that the experimental group marked a higher level of muscle dysmorphia than the control group in the pre-test. It was also found that muscle dysmorphia of the experimental group increased in the post-test, while no significant difference was manifested in the control group in the post-test.

Physical education bodybuilders compete by means of external appearance, and more and more people are starting bodybuilding with an interest in improving their individual constitution and diet. However, some of the bodybuilders in sports for life started using banned substances to show off their appearance or to expect good results in bodybuilding competitions. Prohibited drugs only have a short-term positive effect on the subject, and the seriousness of side effects was greater when taking the drug for a long time. An education program that can provide professional education and information on drugs to bodybuilding athletes for life sports should be preceded, and a system that can check regular health should be introduced if necessary. A periodic doping education program for bodybuilders for sport for life is needed to focus on the positive changes in bodybuilding through banned substances and to educate and understand the side effects and damage to life that occur later. Therefore, in order to prevent doping, it is essential to educate various aspects of doping, and it is required to expand the scope not only to elite athletes but also to participants as sports for all

This study examined the importance of screening for changing bodybuilding and fitness category. The screening criteria for bodybuilding, the background and reason for the creation of new bodybuilding and fitness items, the screening criteria for new items, and the use of drugs were described. The current bodybuilding gives high marks to excessive muscles and excessive diet conditions, and new bodybuilding category have been newly established in line with the recent global trend of pursuing natural beauty over abnormally excessive muscles, and the screening criteria also prioritize the balance of ideal and overall muscles to fit your height and weight. In addition, fitness events such as physique and bikini are gaining popularity with the establishment because they focus on not excessive muscles and natural elements of the body that ordinary people can challenge. Since athletes as well as ordinary people are using drugs to increase muscles and suffer side effects, IFBB(International Federation of BodyBuilding) and KBBF(Korea Body Building Federation) should consider and improve the current bodybuilding screening standards that avoid excessive muscles, and it is believed that bodybuilding and fitness events will develop only when strict punishment and continuous anti-doping education are carried out.

웨이트 트레이닝 즉, 보디 빌딩에 관심이 증가하였으나 대학생들을 대상으로 참여 동기, 행동 의도에 대한 연 구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 하여 보디 빌딩 참여 동기를 살펴보고 그 와중에 발생하 는 심리적 반응을 매개하여 행동 의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 2023년 5월 30일부터 6월 10일까지 온라인 설문을 통해 이용자 250명을 대상으로 설문지를 실시하였고, 총 232부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 대학생의 웨이트 트레이닝을 참여하는 동기 중 건강지향형, 자기개발형은 자발적 수용에 정의 영향 을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 웨이트 트레이닝 참여 동기 중 가정지향형은 기회주의적 수용에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 자발적 수용은 학습성과에 정의 영향을 미쳤으며, 기회주의적 수용은 학습성과 에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하여 대학생들의 신체적 건강을 증진하는 데 요인적 및 정책적 이해에 도움이 될 수 있으리라 본다.

Interest in bodybuilding, such as weight training, has increased, but research on the motivation and behavioral intention of college students is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the motives of bodybuilding participation for college students and to find out the effect on behavioral intention by mediating the psychological resistance that occurs during the bodybuilding. As for the research method, a questionnaire was conducted on 250 users through an online survey from May 30 to June 10, 2023, and a total of 232 copies were used for the final analysis. As a result of the study, first, among college students' motivation to participate in weight training, the health-oriented type and self-development type had a positive effect on voluntary acceptance. Second, among the motives for participating in weight training, the home-oriented type was found to have a negative effect on opportunistic acceptance. Finally, voluntary acceptance had a positive effect on learning outcomes, and opportunistic acceptance had a negative effect on learning outcomes. Using the results of this study, it is expected that it will be helpful to understand the factors and policies in promoting the physical health of college students.

In this study, male bodybuilding participants in Harbin, China in 2020 were selected as the subjects. The cluster sampling method was used, and a total of 200 samples were collected. To confirm the relationship between exercise addiction and leisure satisfaction between male bodybuilding participants' health promotion behavior, questionnaires were designed according to the self-administration law. A total of 185 questionnaires were used for the final analysis, excluding 15 copies of data judged to be insincere from the recovered questionnaires. In order to meet the purpose of this study, data judged to contain insincere negative answers or unreliable responses among the collected questionnaires are deleted from the analysis, and the questionnaires judged to be reliable are coded, and analyzed using the statistical program SPSS Windows 26.0. The version was entered and analyzed as follows. Frequency analysis was performed to derive general characteristics, and exploratory factor analysis and reliability verification Cronbach's alpha were performed to secure validity and reliability between items. In order to analyze the relationship between exercise addiction and leisure satisfaction in the health promotion behavior of Chinese male bodybuilding participants, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to derive the following research results. First, health promotion behaviors (eating habits, exercise, stress management, interpersonal relationships, self-actualization, and health responsibility) were found to have a partial positive (+) effect on exercise addiction. Second, health promotion behaviors (eating habits, exercise, stress management, interpersonal relationships, self-actualization, health responsibility) were found to have a partial positive (+) effect on leisure satisfaction. In addition, the limitations existing in this study and suggestions for follow-up studies are presented as follows. First, since this study selects Chinese men living in northern China as bodybuilding participants, it is difficult to disseminate the results of this study nationwide, and it has limitations in showing only the characteristics and personal opinions of the participants. Second, the subject of this study adopts the principle of random selection in the sample selection process, and uncontrollable factors such as the home economy and growth environment may affect the results.

본 연구는 몸에 대한 다양한 이론들이 만나는 지점에 위치하는 사례로서 보디빌딩에 주목한다. 선행 연구들은 보디빌딩을 헤게모니적 남성성이나 프로테스탄트 윤리와 같은 사회적 담론이 투영되는 과정으로 해석하거나 중독의 측면에서 접근하여 물질적 몸을 간과하거나 실천의 양상을 제대로 파악하지 못했다. 이에 아홉 명의 남성 보디빌더를 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하여 몸 만들기 실천의 양상과 의미를 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 남성 보디빌더들은 직접 몸으로 부딪쳐 체험함으로써 몸 만들기와 관련한 지식과 체계를 구성하고, 리듬감 있게 조정되는 구체적인 목표를 통해 아름다운 몸을 추구함을 알 수 있었다. 이 때 아름다운 몸이란 ‘도달하기 어렵기에 아름다운 것’으로 이를 알아볼 수 있는 것 자체가 보디빌딩 수행을 입증하는 지표로 작용한다. 보디빌딩 동기나 지식체계, 심미적 기준이 모두 실천과 경험을 토대로 하는 까닭에 보디빌더들은 수행 능력에 많은 가치를 부여하고, 수행성을 담보하는 ‘변화’를 보디빌딩의 핵심으로 인식한다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 보디빌딩을 ‘수행적 자기관리’라 새롭게 개념화하였다. 이를 통해 보디빌더들이 지식과 기술의 체화를 토대로 신체와 적극적으로 관계를 맺음으로써 자기를 돌보고 주체를 구성해가는 과정에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하였다.

This study focuses on bodybuilding as a ground where a variety of theories related to body meet and cross. Bodybuilding is often perceived as an addictive process in which social discourses such as hegemonic masculinity or protestant ethic are permeated. Corporeality of a body and performative practices of a subject have been overlooked in these perspectives. Hence, in-depth interviews of 9 male bodybuilders are conducted in order to figure out the meanings of bodybuilding as well as to illustrate the practices of building bodies in detail. The study shows that the male bodybuilders constitute the edifice of knowledge depending on the vividly engraved experiences of their body, and they achieve the ideal body pursuing a specific goal set with a rhythmical variation. The ideal body is highly valued not because it is beautiful but because it is hard to actualize. Having an eye for this body acts as an indicator of a veteran bodybuilder for this reason. As practices and experiences are of paramount importance when building up knowledges and aesthetic criteria, the bodybuilders give the core value on evolvement carried through performances. In light of the research findings, bodybuilding is newly conceptualized as ‘performative self-management’ in this study.

이 연구의 목적은 보디빌딩 참여자의 완벽주의성향이 운동가치인식, 사회적응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 설문조사는 서울･경기지역의 피트니스센터에서 운동하고 있는 보디빌딩 참여자 549명을 표본 분석하였고. 수집된 표본은 SPSS 22.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해서 분석했으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 완벽주의성향은 운동가치인식의 사회적효과에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 심리적효과와 운동기술향상은 모든 요인에서 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 건강증진은 모든 요인이 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 완벽주의성향은 사회적응의 충동성을 제외한 모든 요인에서 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 운동가치인식은 사회적응의 충동성과 적응성에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 책임성과 대인관계는 모든 요인에서 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 보디빌딩 종목을 참여하는 대상자들의 심리적 이해와 그로 인해 발생하는 사회화를 이해하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the perfectionism of bodybuilding participants on exercise value recognition and social adaptation. The survey was conducted on 549 bodybuilding participants exercising in fitness centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. The collected data were analyzed through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. First, it was found that the propensity of perfectionism has a partial influence on the social effect of the recognition of exercise value. Psychological effects and motor skill improvement were found to have an effect on all factors. It was found that not all factors had an effect on health promotion. Second, it was found that the propensity of perfectionism had an effect on all factors except the impulse of social adaptation. Third, it was found that exercise value recognition partially affected the impulse and adaptability of social adaptation, and accountability and interpersonal relations were found to have an effect on all factors. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data for athletes, hobbyists, and leaders who participate in bodybuilding for professional and daily sports purposes.