Earticle

이 연구는 초등학교 전입생들이 새로운 학교에 적응하는 과정과 이러한 과정에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 이 연구는 초등학교 전입생의 적응에 대한 방법과 구조를 밝히기 위해 문화기술적 연구를 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하였고 그 기법으로는 참여관찰과 심층면담을 활용하였다. 그 결과, 적응에 대한 두 관점인 관계적 측면과 생활적 측면을 밝혀 낼 수 있었다. 이러한 두 가지 관점에서 변화의 기준이 되는 시간적 측면을 충격기, 적응기, 안정기로 나누어 그 특징들을 찾아 낼 수 있었다. 이러한 변화에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 개인적 특징들(전입생의 성격, 외모, 활동능력 등), 물리적인 공간, 놀이와 게임이 포함되어 있으며 이러한 특징에 따라 적응의 모습이 달라졌다. 전입생들은 학교에서 생활해 나가면서 학급의 일원으로 적응해 갔다. 이들 전입생들은 상황적 적응, 전략적 순응, 전략적 재정의 등 다양한 전략을 통해 적응하였다.

The purpose of this study was to identify how to the adaptation processes new coming student in the elementary school, and to understand social and cultural factors related to this adaptation processes. This study based on ethnographic research methodology, the researcher conducted participant observations and interviews with participants on the adapting processes. Findings of this study were as follows. Two aspects of adaptation processes were the relationship and the activity. And the cycle of changes of adaptation process were shock period, adaptation period, and steady period. Social and cultural factors related to the adaptation of transferred elementary students were personal assets, physical spaces, and plays and games. Transferred elementary students demonstrated that they adapted themselves to situations by different strategies such as situational adaptation, strategic compliance, and strategic redefinition.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to identify the role adaptation process experienced by head nurses. Methods. Data were collected from 10 head nurses with in-depth interviews about their actual experiences. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The collected data were analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin. Results. The core category was identified as 'weighing and balancing,' and the role adaptation process was divided into six stages by time sequence: inquiring, approaching to others, bringing people into their fold, working with conviction, avoiding conflicts, and settling. Conclusion. The results of this study yield useful information for top mangers of nursing to identify, by stages, the demands of the head nurses in their role adaptation process. The findings of this study contributes to developing programs that facilitates the head nurses' role adaptation.

Purpose: Professional hemodialysis (HD) nursing tends to be task-oriented and lack consideration of the client's viewpoint. This study aims to interpret the process of psychosocial adaptation to dealing with HD in people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: A grounded theory guided this study. Theoretical sampling included 15 people receiving HD at the HD center of a hospital from July to November 2010. Participants received an information sheet in writing, a verbal invitation, and informed consent forms before interviews were conducted. A constantcomparative data analysis was analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The computer software ATLAS.ti assisted data management. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability ensured the rigor of study process. Results: This study identified “adopting life with hemodialysis”, which captures the process of the psychosocial adaptation in people with ESRD as one transformation. Four categories that evolved from “adopting HD life” are (a) slipping into, (b) restricted to a renal world, (c) losing self control, and (d) stuckin an endless process. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation indicate the multidimensional requirements of people receiving maintenance dialysis, with an emphasis on the deficiency in psychosocial and emotional care. The study's findings contribute to clinical practice by increasing the understanding of the experience ofchronic HD treatment from the recipient's viewpoint. The better our understanding, the better the care provided will meet the needs of the people receiving HD.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to explore and describe the process of nursing home placement decision making and adaptation among adult children caregivers of demented parents in Korea and to generate a substantive theory grounded in their experiences. Methods: The participants were 16 adult children caregivers who had placed their demented elders into nursing homes. Data were collected by in-depth unstructured interviews with individual participants. Data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory methodology. Results: Analysis revealed that the core category of the process of nursing home placement decision making and adaptation among adult children caregivers was accepting the inevitable and reorienting to changes. It consisted of four phases: realizing a dead end, seeking a way out, accepting the inevitable decision, and reorienting to changes. Participants were driven to the corner of making the inevitable decision by the overwhelming care situation and confronted by various challenges in dealing with the decision. But they managed to accept the inevitableness of the decision and further learned to reorient themselves to the changed care situation utilizing various action/interaction strategies. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide the basic information for developing proactive strategies to support family caregivers better in the difficult period of nursing home placement.

Many firms in Korea have adopted and used advanced information technology in an effort to boost efficiency. The process of adapting to the new technology, at the same time, can vary from one firm to another. As such, this research focuses on several relevant factors, especially the roles of social interaction as a key variable that influences the technology adaptation process and the outcomes. Thus far, how a firm goes through the adaptation process to the new technology has not been yet fully explored. Previous studies on changes undergone by a firm or an organization due to information technology have been pursued from various theoretical points of views, evolved from technological and institutional views to an integrated social technology views. The technology adaptation process has been understood to be something that evolves over time and has been regarded as cycles between misalignments and align-ments, gradually approaching the stable aligned state. The adaptation process of the new technology was defined as “appropriation” process according to Poole and DeSanctis [1994]. They suggested that this process is not automatically determined by the technology design itself. Rather, people actively select how technology structures should be used; accordingly, adoption practices vary. But concepts of the appropriation process in these studies are not accurate while suggested propositions are not clear enough to apply in practice. Furthermore, these studies do not substantially suggest which factors are changed during the appropriation process and what should be done to bring about effective outcomes.Therefore, research objectives of this study lie in finding causes for the difference in ways in which advanced information technology has been used and adopted among organizations. The study also aims to explore how a firm’s interaction with social as well as technological factors affects differently in resulting organizational changes. Detail objectives of this study are as follows. First, this paper primarily focuses on the appropriation process of advanced information technology in the long run, and we look into reasons for the diverse types of the usage. Second, this study is to categorize each phases in the appropriation process and make clear what changes occur and how they are evolved during each phase. Third, this study is to suggest the guidelines to determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group and organizational level. For this, a sub-stantially grounded theory that can be applied to organizational practice has been developed from a longi-tudinal comparative case study.For these objectives, the technology appropriation process was explored based on Structuration Theory by Giddens [1984], Orlikoski and Robey [1991] and Adaptive Structuration Theory by Poole and DeSanctis [1994], which are examples of social technology views on organizational change by technology. Data have been obtained from interviews, observations of medical treatment task, and questionnaires administered to group members who use the technology. Data coding was executed in three steps following the grounded theory approach. First of all, concepts and categories were developed from interviews and observation data in open coding. Next, in axial coding, we related categories to subcategorize along the lines of their properties and dimensions through the paradigm model. Finally, the grounded theory about the appropriation process was developed through the conditional/consequential matrix in selective coding.In this study eight hypotheses about the adaptation process have been clearly articulated. Also, we found that the appropriation process involves through three phases, namely, “direct appropriation,” “cooperate with related structures,” and “interpret and make judgments.” The higher phases of appropriation move, the more users represent various types of instrumental use and attitude. Moreover, the previous structures like “knowledge and experience,” “belief that other members know and accept the use of technology,” “horizontal communication,” and “embodiment of opinion collection process” are evolved to higher degrees in their dimensions of property. Furthermore, users continuously create new spirits and structures, while removing some of the previous ones at the same time. Thus, from longitudinal view, faithful and unfaithful appropriation methods appear recursively, but gradually faithful appropriation takes over the other. In other words, the concept of spirits and structures has been changed in the adaptation process over time for the purpose of alignment between the task and other structures.These findings call for a revised or extended model of structural adaptation in IS (Information Systems) literature now that the vague adaptation process in previous studies has been clarified through the in-depth qualitative study, identifying each phrase with accuracy. In addition, based on these results some guidelines can be set up to help determine which strategies are needed in an individual, group, and organizational level for the purpose of effective technology appropriation. In practice, managers can focus on the changes of spirits and elevation of the structural dimension to achieve effective technology use.

본 연구는 대졸 신입사원들을 대상으로 첫 직장 생활에서의 경력적응 경험과 첫 직장 생활 과 경력전환의 의미를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 특히 연구 참여자들의 자발적 경력 전 환에 대해 주목하였으며 첫 직장 생활의 경력적응 경험을 Savickas의 경력적응성 4C 개념을 적 용하였다. 연구 문제는 첫째, 대졸 신입사원들의 경력적응 경험에 대해 알아보고 둘째, 첫 직장 생활의 의미는 무엇인지에 대해 이해하는 것으로 설정하였다. 본 연구를 위해 첫 직장 생활의 경험이 2년 이하이고 이직을 경험한 9명의 연구 참여자를 대상으로 심층 면담을 통한 질적 연 구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 대졸 신입사원들은 첫 직장 생활에서 더 나은 직장에 관심 가지기(우려와 관심/concern), ‘버티기’와 ‘뛰쳐나오기’에서 고민하기(통제/control), 새로 운 출발을 위한 기회 찾기(호기심/curiosity), 재취업을 향해 첫발 내딛기(자신감/confidence)를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 첫 직장 생활은 ‘처음이 주는 경험은 나의 미래 자산’과 ‘배움을 통한 성장’의 의미를 가지고 있었다. 연구 참여자들에게 첫 직장에서의 경험은 반성 과 성찰을 통해 새로운 의미를 만들어 갔으며, 개인의 성장을 통해 삶을 긍정적으로 변화시키 고 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해 고등교육기관과 기업의 효율적인 취업지원서비스에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of career adaptation in the first workplace and the meaning of the first workplace career transition among new college graduates. In particular, we noted the voluntary career transition of research participants and applied Savickas's Career Adaptation 4C concept to understand experiences among the college graduates’career adaptation. The research questions were first to learn about the career adaptation experiences of new college graduates and second to understand what the meaning of their first work life was. The authors conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interview with nine participants who have less than two year experiences working life. The study results have shown that first, new college graduates were interested in a better job in their career(concern), contemplating in ‘holding up’and ‘leaving out’(control), finding opportunities for a new start(curiosity). It was found that they experience the first step toward reemployment(confidence). Second, their first work life had the meaning of first-time enlightenment and opportunity for growth through learning. Also, their first work experience had a new meaning through reflection, and was positively changing their lives through personal growth. These findings provided implications for effective employment support services for higher education institutions and business sectors.

이 연구는 각각의 유아들이 숲에서의 실외놀이에 익숙해져 가는 과정에 집중하여 자료를 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과 신도시 아파트에 거주하는 유아들이 숲에서의 실외놀이를 처음부터 모두 다 익숙하게 생각하고 있는 것은 아니며 유아들이 숲에서의 실외놀이에 익숙해지기까지는 교사와 기관의 이해와 배려가 필요하다는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 숲에서와 교실에서 모두 즐겁고 안정적인 활동을 하게 되는 것이 홀리스틱적 교육의 관점에서 만물과 전 연관된 완성된 적응으로 볼 수 있다. 숲에서의 실외놀이는 교실과 가까운 곳에서 정적인 활동부터 익숙해져 가는 모습을 보이는 유아들, 친구와 함께 놀 수 있는 관계에 집중하는 유아들, 거친 신체활동에 집중하여 익숙해져 가는 유아들, 무엇인가를 찾고 발견할 수 있는 자극에 만족하는 유아들이 있었으며, 만 3세 유아들은 숲에서의 실외활동에 대해서 처음부터 긍정적인 모습으로 심리적 갈등상황을 발견할 수 없었다. 이 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 처음 숲에서의 실외놀이를 실시할 때에는 가까운 곳에서, 동적인 활동과 정적인 활동을 모두 준비하며, 충분히 탐색할 수 있는 교육계획이 이루어지는 것이 바람직하며, 유아들 한 명 한 명의 생각과 감정에 민감하게 반응하는 교사의 배려가 필요함을 시사한다.

In this study, the researchers focusd on the process in which each of the young children gets accustomed to outdoor play in the forest, and analyze materials. The result of the study shows that young children living in apartments in new towns are not accustomed to outdoor play in the forest from the start, but understanding and consideration on the part of the teachers and the institutes are necessary for the young children to become used to outdoor play. Concerning outdoor play in the forest, there are children who are getting used to it, starting from static activities near the classrooms; children who are concentrated on the relationships in which they can play with their friends; children who are getting used to it by concentrating on wild physical activities; and children who are satisfied with stimuli by which they can look for, and find out, something. And the young children of three years of age showed positive reactions to the outdoor activities in the forest from the start, so that no psychological conflicts were found. Based on the result of the study, it is suggested that when you start outdoor play in the forest first, it is desirable to plan education so that it may be made near the classrooms, and dynamic and static activities may all be prepared and fully explored, while the consideration of the teachers are needed who will sensitively respond to the thoughts and feelings of each and every child.

Purpose: This study was conducted to generate a grounded substantive theory of the adaptation process of nurses who return to work after taking parental leave. Methods: Individual in-depth interviews with 13 participants were conducted between June and September 2014. Participants were interviewed 1~3 times; interviews were continued until the data became saturated. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. Results: The core category of experience of the process of adaptation as a nurse who returned to work after parental leave was 'trying to regain one's previous position'. Participants used five interactional strategies: 'preparing in advance', 'initiating relationships with colleagues', 'keeping a positive attitude', 'understanding parenting helpers', 'Taking burden off one's mind'. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the adaptation process of nurses returning to work after taking parental leave. The importance of improving nurses' attitudes to their co-workers who take parental leave is highlighted along with the necessity of providing a family-friendly work environment. These results can be used to develop supportive policies and programs for nurses who return to their work after parental leave.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the adaptation process of older people to group homes. Methods: Participants were twenty older adults aged 65 or older who were living in group homes. Data were collected from January to April, 2015. In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with individual participants. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory method. Results: From open coding, 100 concepts, 38 sub-categories, and 14 categories were identified. Analysis showed that the central phenomenon of the adaptation process of older people to group homes was 'gradually giving up'. Causal conditions were 'good-for-nothing body', contextual conditions were 'pushed', 'beleaguered'. Intervening conditions were 'reliable pillar: children', 'having affection (情) more than having it from family: facility workers', 'comfort - like feeling at home', 'relieved: system'. Action/interaction strategies were 'facing the unfamiliar reality', 'building relationships with other people', 'accepting reality'. Consequences were 'a good place, more than expected', 'hope for the remaining days', 'waiting for a peaceful death'. Conclusion: The results of this study provide an in-depth understanding of the experience of the adaptation process of older people to group homes. The findings from this study can be used as basic data to establish policies to increase the number of small scale facilities which can help older adults adapt easily to the facilities.

Purpose: This study was conducted to generate a grounded substantive theory of the adaptation process of mothers-in-law of Vietnamese women married to Korean husbands. Methods: Thirteen women who had Vietnamese daughters-in-law were interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a grounded theory method. Results: Eight categories with 19 sub-categories were extracted from 268 concepts. The identified phenomenon was 'overcoming differences' and the core category was 'trying one's best to live together with daughter-in-law'. The 9 categories were grouped into 3 stages for the adaptation process: encountering, struggling, and living together. Conclusion: The results indicate that when individuals from different cultural and personal backgrounds have to live together there is a continuing negotiation process towards meeting each other's needs. Health professionals can assist this adaptation process by providing these women with insights into various ways of meeting each other's need while they are struggling.

Although the average menopausal age has not changed, women's life span has increased. Today's women live longer after their menopause than those in the past, and this calls for attention in both nursing and medical fields. Many studies have revealed how women reacted to menopause and suffered from it. But they did not discriminate the menopausal meaning and effects from the climacteric phenomena. So, this author tried to clarify what menopause itself meant to the climacteric women, by means of grounded theory methodology. The interviewees were 21 women, whose ages were between 46 and 60 years. They were selected by theoretical sampling technique, and the author tried to include all levels of important variables such as age, educational background, religion and job. Data were collected by the author through in -depth interviews and observations in July, 1994. The interviews were mostly done in the homes of the subjects, or in some cases at the author's office or in a hospital. Interviews took from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed later by a research assistant. Data were analyzed as gathered, by the constant comparative method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Eleven concepts were discovered from the data, and they were grouped under six higher order categories. These six categories were "to give menopause a meaning", "to experience value change", "to have self-help strategies", "to have no strategies", "to live a life worth living", "to have a sense of powerlessness" Among these "to experionce value change" was . selected as the core category. Five major categories were systematically integrated around the core category. Women's adaptation to menopause was defined as proceeding as follows : Most women felt relief and sorrow at the same time when they faced menopause, and some only sorrow or agony. Then, they consulted with others about menopausal symptoms, or tried to think of them by themselves. Finally, they gave menopause a meaning, which was that menopause and its symptoms were natural phenomena. But menopause made women reflect on them-selves and their past lives. As they reflected on themselves, their value on life began to change. As their value changed, some women seeked self help strategies. Those self help strategies were what they had learned from collegues, professionals or mass media. The quality of their lives depended on whether they practiced self help strategies or not. Three types of lives were found. Twelve women enjoyed a life worth living, and practiced the self help strategies, because they accepted menopause a chance to change. They were characterized by a high educational level, having a professional job and a sincere faith in God. Seven women were living as usual, because they did not have the necessity to change. They were high school graduates and house wives. Two women recognized menopause a chance to change, but they did not try self help strategies. Their characteristic was low educational level. Those who did not try self help strategies complained of powerlessness to varying degrees. The educational background, full-time jobs and faith helped women adapt to menopause positively. But social support was not helpful to women's adaptation to menepause. Three hypotheses were derived from the analysis. (1) The higher the educational level, the more theneed to change. (2) Women with higher educational background will practice self help strategies more than those with lower edcational background. (3) The more women practice self help strategies, the worthier lives they will live. Suggestions for further studies are as follows. (1) Studies to test hypotheses are needed. (2) A study to find the relationship between the degree of practicing self help strategies and locus of control. (3) Spiritual approaches would better be applied to help menopausal women. (4) Education through mass media should be given mere frequently.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and identify patterns from the phenomenon of the role adaptation process in elementary school health teachers and finally, suggest a model to describe the process. Methods: Grounded theory methodology and focus group interviews were used. Data were collected from 24 participants of four focus groups. The questions used were about their experience of role adaptation including situational contexts and interactional coping strategies. Transcribed data and field notes were analyzed with continuous comparative analysis. Results: The core category was 'establishing their own positions', an interactional coping strategy. The phenomenon identified by participants was confusion and wandering in their role performance. Influencing contexts were unclear beliefs for their role as health teachers and non-supportive job environments. The result of the adaptation process was consolidation of their positions. Pride as health teachers and social recognition and supports intervened to produce that result. The process had three stages; entry, growth, and maturity. Conclusion: The role adaptation process of elementary school health teachers can be explained as establishing, strengthening and consolidating their own positions. Results of this study can be used as fundamental information for developing programs to support the role adaptation of health teachers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify psychosocial issues faced by psychiatric and community mental health nurse practitioners (PCMHNP) working in community mental health centers, and to identify the adaptation processes used to resolve the issues. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews between December 2013 and August 2014. Participants were 11 PCMHNP working in community mental health centers. Analysis was done using the grounded theory methodology. The first question was "How did you start working at a community mental health center; what were the difficulties you faced during your employment and how did you resolve them?" Results: The core category was 'regulating within relationships.' The adaptation process was categorized into three sequential stages: 'nesting,' 'hanging around the nest,' and 'settling into the nest.' Various action/interaction strategies were employed in these stages. The adaptation results from using these strategies were 'psychiatric nursing within life' and 'a long way to go.' Conclusion: The results of this study are significant as they aid in understanding the psychosocial adaptation processes of PCMHNP working in community mental health centers, and indicate areas to be addressed in the future in order for PCMHNP to fulfill their professional role in the local community.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the process of illness adaptation of patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Methods: Data were collected from December 2017 to July 2018 through individual in-depth interviews with thirteen patients with AF. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using the grounded theory methodology developed by Corbin and Strauss. Results: The core category about the illness adaptation process of patients with AF was identified as “living a life managing the silent insurrection of the heart.” The process of illness adaptation of patients with AF consisted of four phases: “withdrawal”, “transition”, “practice”, and “adeptness”. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding of the illness adaptation process of patients with AF will guide nurses in proactively developing and implementing effective nursing interventions to better support patients with AF in Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and explore the adaptation process of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods: Using a grounded theory methodology, 15 interviews were performed with nine men and six women, 43-83 years of age, suffering from MDS. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. Results: The core category emerged as “To do my best in uncertainty”. MDS patients engaged in three stages: Panic, Active fighting against illness, and Putting down/Adaptation phase. Causal conditions were unexpected cancer diagnosis, endless painful treatment, and uncertainty. Contextual conditions were physical deterioration and differences in recovery. The central phenomenon of the illness adaptation process among the patients with MDS was powerlessness at the dead end. Action/Interaction strategies included dependence on the constant medical care, physical energy conservation, mind control and environmental control. Intervening conditions were social support and desire to live. Consequences were hope for recovery and tug-of-war from repetition of exacerbation and recuperation. Conclusion: When caring for these patients, it is important to identify needs, allow patients to express what they want at that moment and support them in maintaining a daily life.

본 연구는 파시(Parse)의 “Human Becoming(인간되어감)” 연구방법을 적용하여 청소년기 재비행 후 적응과정에서의 경험에 대한 현상학적 의미와 구조 변화는 어떠한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 이들에게 재비행은 어떤 의미였으며, 재비행 이후 적응해 나아가는 과정에서 경험은 어떠했는지를 살펴봄으로서 타자의 입장인 아닌 청소년의 목소리를 통해 그들이 재비행에서 벗어나 적응함에 있어서 영향을 준 개인적, 사회환경적요소들이 무엇이 있는지를 살펴보고, 사회복지 차원에서 비행청소년을 지원하기 위한대안을 마련하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과로 나타난 청소년기 재비행 후 적응과정에서의경험의 핵심개념은 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘부정적 현실 상황에서 벗어나기 위한 자신만의생존방식으로 비행을 지속함’, 둘째, ‘생각이 점차 달라지는 자각 현상과 나의 손을 잡아주는 외적 도움을 받아들이며, 비행과 연결된 과거관계 및 생활을 단절함’, 셋째, ‘가족, 주변 사람들의 지지와 관심 속에서 그들의 기대에 부응하고자 노력하며, 재비행하지 않기 위해 참을성을 가지고 인내함’, 넷째, ‘자신의 잠재력을 발견하면서 미래에 대한 희망을 가지고 삶에 대한 적극적인 태도를 취함’으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로하여 청소년 재비행 후 적응에 대해서 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and the structure of empiricalphenomena on the juvenile delinquent's experience of adaptation process after repeated delinquency applying Parse`s Human Becoming research methodology. Though this process we want to see the personal and social environmental factors, which affect their adaption, from their own voice, not from others, and to find alternatives to support delinquent juvenile after understanding what was the meaning of repeated delinquency to them and how was the experience after adaption process. The results of the data analysis produced 4 core concepts : 'to sustain delinquency as their own way of survival to escape from their hostile reality', 'to increase awareness with gradual thought changes and to cut the relationship or life related to delinquency accepting external help grabbing my hands', 'to be patient not to repeat delinquency trying to meet people’s expectations with family and others’ support and concern','to take a positive attitude toward life discovering their potential and having hope for the future'. Based on the results were discussed to support the delinquent juvenile in the terms of social welfare.

COVID-19 유행은 한국 사회에서 그동안 노출되지 않았던 신천지와 관련된 문제 를 일반사회에 노출하는 계기가 되었다. 이를 계기로 지금까지 드러나지 않았던 신천 지에 대한 문제가 한국 사회에 드러났고 신천지에 대한 관심이 높아지게 되었다. 신 천지에 대한 실체를 파악한 청년들이 신천지를 이탈하는 경우가 많이 생겼는데 신천 지를 빠져나온 후 어떻게 사회에 적응하며 어떤 심리적 적응과정을 가지고 있는지 연 구가 필요하다. 신천지 이탈자들의 경험을 생생히 드러냄으로 예방정책을 제안하고 상담전략방법을 수립할 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 신천지에서 3년에서 5년 정도 신 앙생활을 경험한 후 이탈한 청년들을 직접 인터뷰하여서 그들의 목소리를 드러내고자 하였다. 그들의 어떤 욕구가 신천지에 머물게 했는지 또한 어떤 동기로 나오게 되었 는지, 탈퇴 후 어떤 심리를 경험하는지 그리고 사회와 교회에 바라는 기대가 무엇인 지를 찾아내는 작업을 하였다. 신천지에 머물게 된 요인으로 삶의 의미 추구, 공동체 에 대한 욕구, 교리 및 성경적 지식에 대한 욕구, 자기효능감 증진 욕구, 제사장이 되 려는 욕구, 기존 교회에 대한 비판의식이 있으며 이탈한 동기로는 가족의 지지, 거짓 교리 모순 발견, 반증 교육을 요인으로 볼 수 있다. 이 중 가족의 지지가 이탈하는 데 가장 큰 요인으로 작용하였다. 신천지 탈퇴 후 가지는 심리적 현상들은 소속감 없음, 진로에 대한 막막함, 죄책감, 분노감, 교회 적응에 대한 두려움, 가족과 갈등 및 화해를 경험한다. 사회와 교회에 거는 기대는 선입견금지, 기독교교리 교육의 필요성, 가 족프로그램에 대한 필요성을 밝혔다. 이러한 인터뷰 내용을 바탕으로 연구자는 신천 지 이탈 청년들이 자신들의 경험을 나누고 소외감을 느끼지 않도록 치료공동체 조성, 청년들이 건강하게 놀 수 있고 대화할 수 있는 문화적 공간 제공, 적응 상담 및 직업 재활 프로그램의 필요성, 신천지에서의 경험을 나누고, 적응자원을 개발하고, 자존감 증진 활동이 포함된 집단상담 프로그램 개발, 철저한 교리교육, 그리고 자기효능감 증 진 프로그램의 필요성을 언급한다.

Covid-19 in Korea revealed the side-effects of New Heaven and Earth sect. There are many young adult seceders from New Heaven and Earth since the outbreak of Covid-19. Through the interview with these young adults, this study attempts to reveal the psychological adaptation process of this population. This study will provide the preventive policies and counseling strategies based on the results of the analyzed data. It attempts to reveal the psychological needs which made them remain in the New Heaven and Earth, the motivation that makes them escape from New Heaven and Earth., the psychological process after escape from New Heaven & Earth, the wishes that they want the church can do for them. The reasons of involving in New Heaven and Earth are: the needs of pursuing the meaning of life, need for community, need for accurate knowledge of the Bible, need for self-efficiency, need to function like priest, and criticism on the established churches. The reasons of escaping from New Heaven and Earth are: supports from family, findings of the mistakes in doctrine, deprograming education. The psychological phenomena after escape are: lack of sense of belonging, lost feeling in the career planning, guilt for the remaining peers, anger, fear for the readjustment issue for the established church, family conflict and reconciliation. The expectations for the church and society are: no prejudice for the seceders, opportunities for the in-depth christian doctrine education, family program. Through the results, the author suggests the need of making healing community, providing cultural space and career counseling program, creating group counseling program based on their needs, facilitating church doctrine education and self-esteem enhancement program.

본 연구는 여성 자립준비청년이 보호종료 이후 경험하는 적응과정을 심층적으로 이해하고, 이를 상담 및 복지 실천의 관점에서 해석할 수 있는 틀을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 아동양육시설, 공동생활가정, 가정위탁 등 가정외 보호체계에서 생활하다 보호종료 이후 독립을 시작한 20대 여성 자립준비청년 10명을 연구 참여자로 선정하였다. 자료는 심층면담을 통해 수집되었으며 Strauss와 Corbin의 근거이론 접근에 따라 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 여성 자립준비청년의 보호종료 이후 적응은 준비되지 않은 상태에서 독립을 맞이하며 심리적 혼란과 과중한 책임을 감내하는 경험에서 출발하는 것으로 나타났다. 참여자들은 생계유지와 주거 확보에 대한 불안, 혼자 살아야 한다는 두려움, 가족 지지의 부재에서 비롯된 고립감을 경험하였으며 이러한 조건 속에서 자신을 유지하기 위한 방식으로 적응을 시도하였다. 적응과정에서 이들은 인내와 자기억제, 혼자만의 대처 방식을 활용하였고 의미 있는 타인이나 상담 경험을 통해 정서적 지지를 획득하면서 점진적인 전환을 경험하였다. 이러한 과정은 보호종료 직후의 혼란을 직면하는 시기, 불안과 부담이 심화되는 시기, 나름의 대처 전략을 형성하는 시기, 일상의 안정을 회복해 가는 시기로 나타났다. 본 연구는 여성 자립준비청년의 적응을 불안․관계․정체성이 교차하는 과정적 경험으로 조명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 상담 및 복지 실천 현장에서 적절한 개입 시점과 정서적 지원 방향을 모색하는 데 기초자료를 제공한다.

The purpose of this study is to develop an in-depth understanding of the adaptation process experienced by female youth in the transition to independent living after the termination of protection and to propose an interpretive framework applicable to counseling and social welfare practice. Ten female youth in the transition to independent living in their twenties who had begun independent living after leaving out-of-home care systems?such as residential care facilities, group homes, and foster care?were selected as research participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted over approximately 11 months, from December 2023 to November 2024, and were analyzed using the grounded theory approach of Strauss and Corbin. The findings indicated that post-care adaptation began with psychological confusion and the burden of excessive responsibility when participants entered independence without sufficient preparation. Participants reported anxiety related to livelihood maintenance and housing security, fear of living alone, and isolation stemming from the absence of reliable family support. Under these conditions, they relied primarily on self-sustaining coping efforts, repeatedly employing endurance, self-restraint, and solitary coping while gradually transitioning as emotional support was obtained through meaningful relationships and counseling. The adaptation trajectory unfolded in four phases: confronting immediate post-care confusion, intensification of anxiety and burden, formation of individualized coping strategies, and gradual restoration of daily stability. This study is significant in that it conceptualizes female care leavers’ adaptation as a dynamic process in which anxiety, relationships, and identity intersect. The findings provide implications for counseling and social welfare practice by informing the timing and direction of emotional support interventions following care termination.

This study aimed to examine the process of translating and adapting instruments for nursing research into Korean. Methods: Using the scoping review methods, a literature review was conducted independently by two reviewers. They searched the literature across two electronic databases (CINAHL and RISS), hand-searched nine major Korean nursing journals, and searched Google Scholar for grey literature. Results: A total of 130 articles were eligible for inclusion. Only 64.6% of the articles adhered to guidelines for cross-cultural translation and adaptation of instruments, indicating an increasing trend in compliance, but also highlighting instances of non-compliance or lack of explicit mention. Our analysis also revealed that 70.0% obtained permission from the original authors to use the instruments. In forward translation, 21.5% involved multiple bilingual translators, while 78.5% relied on a single translator or individuals with various qualifications. Only 16.2% of articles reported performing back translation with two bilingual translators. Concerning expert panels, only 5.4% included them, with 22.3% having insufficient panel composition. Pre-testing involved surveys with 10 or more participants in 43.1% of studies. Cognitive interviews were conducted in 16.2% of the studies. Finally, 99.2% reported the final translated version, and 49.2% documented changes made during the process. Conclusion: This review underscores the need for more standardized and rigorous approaches in the translation and adaptation of instruments for cross-cultural research in nursing in Korea. It calls for greater adherence to established guidelines, utilizing expert panels and cognitive interviewing, and thorough documentation to ensure the cross-cultural validation of research instruments.