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Background and Objective: Whabyung is a Korean cultural disorder characterized by a combination of emotional stress and physical symptoms. Acupuncture, herbal medicines and other complementary medicinal treatments are used to treat the symptoms of whabyung. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment and herbal medicine treatments on anger, anxiety and depression of whabyung. Methods: Using PubMed, CENTRAL, AMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cnii, CNKI, J-SATGE, PsycArticles, KISS, KoreaMed, kmbase, NDSL, RISS, OASIS and Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, articles published by March 2017 for whabyung or whabyung-related syndrome were searched. The quality of selected articles was evaluated using RoB and RoBANS. The effects of acupuncture and herbal medicines on anger, anxiety, and depression levels of whabyung patients were considered for meta-analyses. Results: Of the total 2408 articles retrieved from the database, 11 were finally selected and 4 articles were used for meta-analyses. Acupuncture reduced whabyung patients’ anger and anxiety. Especially, the state anxiety was significantly reduced (effect size= -0.676, p= .026). Herbal medicine had effects on reducing anxiety and state anger while trait anger was increased without statistical significance. Conclusion: The present study showed the effectiveness of acupuncture and herbal medicines for whabyung patients in general. However, considering the limited availability of articles and the heterogeneity between them included for the meta-analysis, the results should be generalized with caution. In the future, more studies within the structure of evidence-based medicine need to be conducted to generate objective and valid evidences of korean medicine.

본 연구는 심양장계에 나타난 질병의 실태를 고찰함으로써 조선시대의 질병 생활사를 재구하는 데 목적이 있다. 심양장계는 조청전쟁에서 패배한 후 청의 심양에 볼모로 잡혀간 세자 일행이 관소에서 있었던 사건을 조선의 왕에게 올렸던 보고 문서이다. 장 계는 1637년 1월 30일부터 1644년 8월 18일까지 8년에 걸쳐 이루어졌지만 본 연구에서는 1637년 2월부터 1643년 12월 15일까지의 장계를 번역한 심양장계를 대상으로 검토하였다. 장계에서 질병의 언급은 세자 일족을 중심으로 이루어졌으며 그밖의 관원이나 하급 실무자에 대한 언급은 극히 제한되었다. 2장에서는 심양장계에 나타난 질병 발생의 환경적 특징을 살폈다. 자연 적 환경의 면에서 열악한 위생 환경과 이질적 환경에 따른 풍토병으로 고 생하였고, 시대적 환경의 면에서 전쟁과 흉년으로 인한 굶주림(飢餓)과 감 염병 창궐에 노출되었으며, 심리적 환경의 면에서 볼모의 격리된 생활에 서 오는 심리적 압박감과 약재에 대한 청의 무리한 요구로 극심한 스트레 스를 받았음을 알 수 있었다. 3장에서는 질병의 실태와 처방에 대하여 살폈다. 질병의 실태는 감염병 을 중심으로 검토하였는데 감염병은 불시에 급속히 퍼지고 그 병인(病因) 을 알 수 없고 효과적인 처방(處方)도 없어 감염에 대한 공포가 컸다. 특 히 조선에 비하여 청나라 정부의 감염병 예방과 치료에 대한 인식이 크게 부족하였음을 확인하였다. 질병에 대한 처방은 침과 뜸, 25가지의 다양한 약처방, 피접과 병막의 설치 운영, 무속에의 의지 등이 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the life history of diseases in the Joseon Dynasty by examining the actual state of diseases in the Shimyang-jang-gye The Shimyang-Jangg-ye is a report document in which the prince and his party, who were taken hostage in Qing Shenyang after their defeat in the Joseon-Qing War, reported the incident at office to the king of Joseon. Although the Jang-gye was carried out over a period of eight years from January 30, 1637 to August 18, 1644, the Jang-gye covered in this paper is examined as a translation of the Jang-gye from February 1637 to December 15, 1643. References to illness in the Qing Dynasty were centred on the prince clan, and references to other officials and low-level practitioners were extremely limited. Chapter 2 examines the environmental characteristics of disease outbreaks in Shenyang Janggye. In terms of the natural environment, they suffered from poor sanitation and endemic diseases due to the heterogeneous environment. In terms of the historical environment, they were exposed to hunger and infectious diseases caused by war and crop failure. In terms of the psychological environment, they suffered from psychological pressure from the isolated life of the host and extreme stress from the Qing Dynasty's unreasonable demands for medicinal herbs. Chapter 3 examined the actual state of the disease and its prescriptions. The actual situation of the disease was examined with a focus on infectious diseases, but there was a great fear of infection because infectious diseases spread rapidly and unexpectedly, the aetiology of which was unknown, and there was no effective treatment. In particular, compared to Joseon, it was confirmed that the Qing Dynasty government's awareness of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases was greatly lacking. Prescriptions for diseases included acupuncture and moxibustion, prescription of 25 different medicines, the establishment and operation of a needle, and the will to practice shamanism.

The purpose of this review is to analyze the clinical study trends on Korean medicine treatment for Sjogren’s syndrome. We conducted a search for studies of Sjogren’s syndrome treated with Korean medicine across 4 web databases. As a result, 7 case report studies were selected and analyzed. The most frequently used treatment was herbal medicine, and the most frequently prescribed medicinal herbs were Liriopis Tuber and Glycyrrhizae Radix. The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) and ESSPRI (the European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index) were the most commonly used evaluation tools for measuring outcomes. All the studies included in this review reported that Korean medicine treatment was effective for treating symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome. Further clinical studies are needed to establish a high level of evidence for Korean medicine treatment for Sjogren’s syndrome.

This study aims to review the trend of clinical research on dry eye syndrome using Korean medicine. Studies published after 2010 were selected through three international online databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI) and two domestic online databases (Science on, OASIS). Only clinical researches were selected and analyzed with the research method. A total of 19 studies related to dry eye treatment were conducted for the past ten years. Acupuncture and herbal medicine were the most frequently used treatment methods. Evaluation tools to measure the patients’ improvement were SIT (Schirmer I test), OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index), and BUT (Tear film break-up time). Korean medicine had superior therapeutic effects for dry eye syndrome treatment compared to artificial tear treatment, and the most frequently used treatment method was acupuncture treatment.

This study is a pilot systematic review on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for menstrual headaches. Finally, seven documents were included and analyzed according to the protocol. When comparing the treatment effect with total effectiveness as an outcome variable, we found that acupuncture treatment has a therapeutic benefit compared to Western medicine treatment. In addition, there were no reports of adverse events caused by acupuncture treatment. However, it is difficult to conclude the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment due to the small sample size and a sufficient risk of bias in the included studies.

This case report describes a severe nerve injury to the right ulnar nerve, caused by bee venom acupuncture. A 52-year-old right-handed man received bee venom acupuncture on the medial side of his right elbow and forearm, at a Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) clinic. Immediately after acupuncture, the patient experienced pain and swelling on the right elbow. There was further development of weakness of the right little finger, and sensory changes on the ulnar dermatome of the right hand. The patient visited our clinic 7 days after acupuncture. Electrodiagnostic studies 2 weeks after the acupuncture showed ulnar nerve damage. The patient underwent steroid pulse and rehabilitation treatments. However, his condition did not improve completely, even 4 months after acupuncture.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of hand acupuncture on reduction of headache. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. 45 middle school girls who complained of headache were selected as subjects. The study lasted from November 2002 to June 2003. There were 22 girls in the experimental group while 23 girls were control group; convenience assignment was used. The two groups were homogeneous on characteristics. The experimental group received hand acupuncture. The treatment was to puncture corresponding points (A33, B27, M1, I2) on both the palm and the back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles, and then remove them after a 20-30 minutes recess during which the subjects reclined on a bed. The data were analyzed using the SPSS PC with Fisher's Exact χ²-test, and Mann Whitney U-test. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the experimental group, objective pain decreased after hand acupuncture (U= -2.51, p= .01). As for the objective pain degree, a significant reduction in voice change was observed in the experimental groups (U= -2.35, p= .02). Facial expressional changes were observed (U= -1.87, p= .06) and perspiration degree (U= -.99, p= .32) has reduced. However, these differences were not statistically significant between the experimental and control group. 2) Subjective pain degree decreased after hand acupuncture in the experimental as compared to the control group. 3) No statistical significant difference in comfort (U= -.29, p= .78) or distress (U= -1.51, p= .13) between experimental and control group were found. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture is an effective method for reducing headache. Therefore, hand acupuncture can be considered as an independent nursing intervention for headache reduction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of hand acupunctureㆍmoxibustion therapy on elders' shoulder pain, ADL/IADL and sleep disorder. Methods: This is quasi-experimental with none equivalent control group pretest posttest design. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of Experimental Group A (Ceramic Seoammoxa therapy) (n=20), Experimental Group B (Seoampellet therapy) (n=18), Experimental Group C (Ceramic Seoammoxa and Seoampellet therapy) (n=20), and a control group (n=20). The intervention was applied 3 times per week for 6 weeks. NRS, Song's ADL/IADL scale, Oh, Shin and Kim's sleep disorders scale were used. Results: Hypothesis "Both shoulder pain and the level of sleep disorders of the experimental group A, B and C would be lower than the control group" was supported (p<.001). Hypothesis "ADL/IADL of the experimental group A, B and C would be higher than the control group" was supported (p<.001). In 3 weeks after the experiment, the experimental group A, B and C showed significant difference in change of ADL/IADL (p=.013). In 6 weeks after the experiment, the experimental group A, B and C showed significant difference in change of ADL/IADL (p<.001) and sleep disorders (p<.001). Conclusion: Consequently, the hand acupunctureㆍmoxibustion was an effective therapy in relieving shoulder pain and sleep disorders and improving ADL/IADL among elders.

=The Effect of Roller Acupuncture Stimulation on Baesu Spots of Joktaeyang Bangkwang Kyeong in the Reaction to Physiologic Pain in Neonates

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on headaches in children. Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2,3)-test design was used. Data were collected from March 2 to April 16 2001. Forty children were assigned to an experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A30, A31, A32, A33, E8, I2, M2, M3, M5, B25, B26, B27 for each 3 minutes, while the control group rested on a bed. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with χ2-test, t-test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Result: In the experimental group, descriptive headache intensity (f=64.33, p=0.00), numeric headache intensity (F=74.69, 122.50, 7.52. p=0.00), and medication requirements (χ2=19.00, p=0.00) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of headaches. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing headaches in children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on dysmenorrhea(pain, related symptoms, ADL). Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post-test design(experimental group 20, control group 20 by convenience assignment) was used. Data were collected from March to October 2004. The experimental group participated in the treatment(acupuncture & moxibustion on A1(haeum), A4(jaso), A5(samsin), A6(samcho), A8(sinje), A12(wijung), A16(simgyeok), F4(gongson), F6(eumryeom) and ALTENS which is an acupuncture like transcutaneous nerve stimulation), while the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed using the SAS programme with Fisher's exact χ2 test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: In the experimental group, pain intensity(f=33.31 p=0.00), related symptoms(t=4.06 p=0.00), ADL difficulty(t=3.85 p=0.00), and medication requirements(χ2=21.00 p=0.00) were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of dysmenorrhea. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy is considered as an independent nursing intervention for reducing dysmenorrhea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Koryo Hand Acupuncture Therapy on middle-age women s obesity index. Methods: A total of 38 middle-age women were assigned to either a control or an intervention group. The intervention group received Koryo Hand Acupuncture Therapy three times a week for ten weeks. The two sample t-test was used to compare the body mass index, fat mass, and waist-to-hip ratio between the intervention (n=18) and the control group (n=20). Results: In both groups, body mass index did not change significantly following the intervention. The intervention group lost 1.00±1.10 kg of fat mass (p =.00) and the decrease was significant between the intervention and control group (p =.00). Both groups had increase in waist-to-hip ratio, however, the increase was only significant for the control group (p = .00). Conclusion: The application of Koryo Hand Acupuncture Therapy influenced the change of fat mass, but not clinically significant. It may be useful to repeat the study and to examine other factors that may have interfered with the effectiveness of the intervention. The use of Koryo hand acupuncture therapy should be further studied.

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether Korean hand therapy would decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and discontinuation of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). Methods: In the experimental group, the capsicum plasters were attached to four points of Korean hand therapy (K-D2) from 30 minutes before the anesthesia to 8 hours after mastectomy. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV in the first 24 hours after the end of anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included discontinuation of PCA, rescue of antiemetic, additional analgesics, dosage of PCA, and degree of pain. Results: The analysis included 71 (Korean hand therapy group= 37, control group= 34) patients. There were no significant differences in the overall incidence of vomiting, the need for rescue antiemetic, and pain scores within the first 24 hours after mastectomy between the two groups, but the incidence of nausea within 2 to 24 hours after surgery (43.2% vs 88.2%, p＜.001) and the intensity of nausea during the first 24 hours after surgery (p＜.001) were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had a lower incidence of PCA discontinuation (10.8% vs 61.8%, p＜.001), and a lower need for additional analgesics (p=.040) within the first 24 hours after surgery. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Korean hand therapy can reduce the incidence and intensity of nausea and enable the continuous use of IV-PCA, thereby reducing the discomfort of patients who require additional painkillers after feeling pain.

한국의 경상의료비 변화를 보면 1980년대 1.4조원 이었던 것이 2013년 98.3조원이 되어 무려 70.2 %가 증가하였다. 또한 ‘2014년 한국 건강보험 급여비는 총 42조 8,275억 원, 진료비 54조 4,272억 원 으로 2013년 대비 각각 7.9%, 6.8%로 증가한 수치다. 이는, 2014년 한국정부 총예산 355조 8천억 원의 15.3%다. 더불어 고령화 율 12.7% 인 상태에서 65세 이상 노인인구 진료비가 19조 9,687억 원으로 전체 진료비의 36.7%를 점유하였다. 이러한 현상은 세계에 가장 가파르게 진행되고 있는 한국의 고령화 현상 에서 비롯되며, 부적절한 의료시스템의 문제에서 비롯된다. 노인들의 질병 특성은 만성 퇴행성 질환으로 응급처방 위주의 현대의료로서는 치료효과를 보기 힘드 나, 노인들은 지속되는 통증으로 끊임없이 현대의료에 의존하고 있어 의료비를 증가시키는 역할을 하고 있다. 이로서 2014년 노인 전체 진료비중 주요 만성질환 진료 현황은 전체인구의 27.8%를 차지했고, 주요 만 성질환진료비는 전체 진료비의 36.2%를 나타냈다. 설상가상 노인들은 대형병원 선호현상이 있어 엄청난 의료비를 지불하며, 불필요한 검사와 진료 수 술 약물투여 등을 멈추지 않고 있다. 이를 이용해 대형병원들은 불합리한 고액의 비 급여 항목 청구도 엄청나다. 이로서 2014년 노인 수검인원의 76.6%가 대형병원에 높은 검진비용을 지불한 것으로 나타났 다. 이러한 문제의 원인으로 한국의 의료 체계는 1차 의료가 부재한 상황이고, 이에 대한 개념조차 확립 되어 있지 않다. 하여 노인들은 응급상황이 아닌 만성질환의 경우에도, 무분별하게 대형병원에 의존하며 의료비를 증가시키고 있다. 이로서 한국 의료체계의 구조 개혁이 요구되고 있는 현실이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 이의 대안으로 1차 의료에 침구사제도를 도입하는 방안을 모색해 보고자 한다. 침구사제도 도입은 세계적인 현상으로 수많 은 나라에서 침구의 우수한 유용성에 관심을 갖고, 적극적으로 연구 육성 보급을 활성화 하고 있는 현실 이다. 침구의료의 효과 및 장점은 고가의 장비나 시설 없이도 간단한 침구로서 빠른 시간에 저렴한 비용 으로 즉시 만족할 만한 치료효과를 얻을 수 있고, 치료 효과 면에서 서양의료보다 우수하고 원리 면에서 인본주의에 뿌리를 두고 있으며, 약물중독이나, 수술 후유증, 합병증 등의 폐해에서 안전할 수 있고 예방 이 가능하여 더욱더 효율적이다. 이로서 침구는 고령사회 만성퇴행성 질환이 대부분을 차지하는 노인의료 현장에 1차 의료로 적절하며, 관계의 지속성과 충분한 상담, 다양한 질환에 대한 폭넓은 진료, 응급상황에 대한 빠른 진단으로 상급병 원으로의 빠른 의뢰와 조정 등이 가능하여 1차 의료로서의 기능을 충분히 해낼 수 있다. 그러나 한국의 특수성은 침구의 사용을 한의사들에게만 허용하고 있어 문제점을 안고 있다. 한의사들 은 6년 동안 한의대에서 대부분 약제처방 위주의 수업을 마치고, 현실적으로 침구처방 위주의 처치료는 병원운영에 심각한 타격을 입어, 약제 처방 위주의 처치와 보조처치 정도로 침구를 활용할 뿐이다. 이로 서 현재 한국의 한의사들에게 침구의료의 활성화를 기대하기 힘든 상황이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 한의사 제도와는 별도로 세계의 침구사제도를 검토해 보고 한국현실에 맞는 침구사 제도를 도입하는 방안을 모 색하려 한다. 이를 위해 다음과 같이 제안한다. 첫째, ‘1차 의료법’ 법률제정과 개혁을 통해 1차 의료체계의 정립과, 단계별 의뢰제도를 확립해야 한다. 둘째, 1차 의료체계의 확산과 발전을 위해 초기평가 치료계획 교육 홍보 합리적 전달체계 등이 갖추어 져야 한다. 셋째, 의료시스템 개편을 통해 각 단계별 의료 사용 의무화, 응급과 비 응급 등의 명확한 기 준을 체계화 법제화 한다. 넷째, 1차 의료 의뢰 당 횟수제한과, 전 단계 의료기관의 의뢰 없이 3차 의료 기관 방문 시, 본인부담 수가의 횟수에 누진제를 적용한다. 또한 비 급여 부문 상한제를 둔다. 다섯째, 1 차 의료에 대한 세제혜택 및 수가 조정으로 운영 안정화가 가능하여 1차 의료 단계에서 충분한 상담과 정서적 지원을 통해 심리적 안정을 함께 도모하도록 한다. 여섯째, 만성질환을 사유로 3차 응급병상에 입원하는 것을 제한함과 동시에 요양 병원에 전원 시키는 방안을 모색한다. 일곱째, 일본을 비롯한 세계 의 다양한 나라의 ‘1차 의료전담의사 제도’를 검토하여 한국 현실에 맞게 도입하고, 그 제도 안에 침구사 제도를 포함하는 방안을 모색한다. 여덟째, 보건복지부에 침구정책과를 두어 1차 의료인 침구사제도에 대한 체계적인 관리가 있어야 한다. 아홉째, 외국의 다양한 침구사 제도를 검토 후 한국 현실에 맞는 2-3 년제 침구전문대학을 설립하고, 학습자들의 침구 전문성 검증을 위해 국가시험을 제도화 한다. 열 번 째, 전통침구의 과학화와 체계화를 위해 재야침구사들을 제도권 안으로 진입시켜, 그들의 침구능력의 유용 성에 대한 검증과 연구를 거쳐, 그들의 침구능력을 침구치료원리로서 이론적 체계의 정립가능성과 활용 가능성을 모색한다. 미국의 경우 예방의학인 침 치료를 통한 의료비 절감의 기대효과는 기존 병리학적 사후치료 중심 의료비에 비해 95%였으며, 침 치료를 위한 투자가 단 5% 뿐이었으나 효과는 훨씬 높았 다고 했다. 이렇듯 1차 의료로서 침구사 제도를 활용함으로서 고령사회 의료비 대란을 미연에 방지할 수 있는 방안 마련은 필수 불가결한 절대성을 갖는다 하겠다. 본 논문의 의의는 첫째, 가파르게 치닫고 있는 한국 고령사회에 노인들의 의료비 대란이 예고되는 바, 이를 미연에 방지할 수 있어 국가적 엄청난 손실을 막을 수 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 의료시스템의 정립을 통하여 의료시장의 안정화를 기대할 수 있어, 환자들의 혼란을 막고 무분별한 의료남용을 미연에 방지할 수 있다는 점이다. 셋째, 체계적인 의료시스템을 통하여 병원의 불합리한 의료의 폭리 착취를 미연에 방 지할 수 있다는 점이다. 넷째, 만성퇴행성 질환의 노인들이 치유가 가능하여 건강한 일상을 맞이할 수 있다는 점이다. 본 논문의 한계점은 첫째, 상급병원과 의원에 대한 노인들의 만성퇴행성 진료비와 내원 횟수를 비교 분석할 수 없던 부분이다. 이에 대한 연구는 후속 연구로 미룰 수밖에 없었다. 둘째, 상급병원과 의원의 진료를 통한 만성 퇴행성 질환의 정확한 치료 결과를 알 수 없어 아쉬움으로 남는다. 이 또한 후속 연구로 미루었다. 셋째, 상급병원의 불합리한 비 급여 부분의 비용을 정확하게 알 수 없어 아쉬움으로 남는다. 제언 본 논문의 결과로 의료시스템의 안정화와 노인들의 안정된 의료 활용, 나아가 노인 의료비 절감 의 효과를 얻기 위해서는 국민적 합의를 통한 정부의 적극적인 홍보와 관리가 필요하다.

The Korean current medical expenses underwent their changes. In the 1980s, the Korean current medical expenses reached KRW 1.4 trillion, and in 2013, such expenses rose up to KRW 98.3 trillion and 70.2%. Also in 2014 the Korean health insurance benefit costs and consultation fees totalled KRW428,275 hundred million and KRW544,272 hundred million which were the figures increased to 7.9 %and 6.8%, respectively in turn compared with 2013. This is equivalent to 15.3%of KRW355,800 billion of the Korean government total budgets in 2014. Besides, the consultation fees of the aged population of more than 65 years old took up KRW 199,687 hundred million or 36.7% of total consultation fees in proportion to 12.7% of the aging rates. One of the main causes for this phenomenon is due to chronic degenerative disease that is often found among the elderly. Although first-aid-focused contemporary medical technology hardly gives therapeutic effects, most of the elderly depend on contemporary medicine, constantly. Thus, the consultation fees of major chronic illness out of the total consultation fees for the elderly accounted for 36.2% of Korea’s total consultation fees in 2014 (Health Insurance Corporation, 2015). To make it worse, even the elderly suffering from chronic degenerative diseases indiscreetly tend to prefer large-scale hospitals even though they are not in emergency situation. For this reason, they pay more substantial medical expenses than they paid in the 1st medical institution, and continue to take medical checkups. It is found that large-scale hospitals took advantage of the elderly suffering from chronic degenerative diseases to conduct unreasonably high-priced medical tests, consultations, operations, and prescribe drugs to them constantly. As a result, it is indicated that 76.6%of the elderly who took medical tests paid high medical expenses to large-scale hospitals in 2014. This problem is caused by Korea’s absence of the 1st medical system, and even a lack of the concept of the 1st medicine. Taking it into account, it is a reality that the structure reform of the 1st medical system is required to reduce medical expenses in the Korean aged society. In this regard, this research study is going to find an alternative to applying the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Expert System into the 1st medicine. It is the global trend to apply the Acupuncture and Moxibustion system into the 1st medicine and use it. A number of countries have a concern for the excellent usefulness of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and make keen efforts to research, wide-spread, utilize it. The effect and good point of Acupuncture and Moxibustion medicine is that this provides an immediately satisfactory therapeutic effect at the low cost within fast hours without high-priced equipment or facilities. This is not only simple but is more excellent and humanitarian than Western medicine, in a therapeutic effect aspect. Also it can be safe from the damage of drug abuse, operation side-effects, complications. Besides, it is preventable and is very effective. Because of such characteristics, Acupuncture and Moxibustion medicine can be used adequately as the 1st medicine in elderly medical markets. And such a medicine accommodates quick referral to large-scale hospitals and quick adjustment through steadfast relationships, adequate counseling, broad medical consultation for various diseases, and swift medical diagnosis for emergency situations. Moreover, it can carry out much enough its function as the 1st medicine. However, the Korean medicine area has a problem that using Acupuncture and Moxibustion is allowed to only oriental doctors. Oriental doctors have finished pharmacy prescription-oriented educational training in Oriental Medicine Collage for six years, and uses Acupuncture and Moxibustion only as pharmacy prescription- focused treatment and auxiliary treatment since Acupuncture and Moxibustion-directed treatment gives a serious blow to hospital management. Thus, it is difficult now to expect that Korean oriental doctors would reinforce Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine. Thus, this research study is to investigate the international Acupuncture and Moxibustion Systems apart from the Acupuncture and Moxibustion System, and to develop the method for introducing the Acupuncture and Moxibustion System as the 1st medicine fit for the Korean reality. To do it, this study proposes as follows. First, it is necessary to establish the 1st medical system and mandate the medical referral system at every level by constituting and reforming the legislation of ‘the 1st medical law.’ Second, early evaluation, therapeutic planning, education, PR, and reasonable delivery systems must be established in order to reinforce and develop the 1st medical system. Third, the definite standard for emergency and non-emergency medical consultation must be made to mandate the 1st medical consultation for non-emergency patients. Fourth, the limit of the frequency of the referral of the 1st medicine must be put, and the progressive stage system should be applied to those medical charges patients should pay when visiting the 3rd medical institution. Fifth, it makes sense to stabilize the medical management by offering taxation advantage of the first medicine and adjusting medical expenses, and promote mental health through adequate counseling, psychological and emotional supports. Sixth, it is desirable to investigate ‘the 1st Medical Expert System’ implemented by various countries including Japan, and pursue the method for introducing it according to the Korean reality and establish the Acupuncture and Moxibustion System within such a system. Seventh, it is necessary to install the Department of the Policy of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and promote the systemic maintenance and support of the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Expert System as the 1st medicine. Eighth, it is required to investigate various Acupuncture and Moxibustion systems implemented in foreign nations, build 2-3 year-Acupuncture and Moxibustion colleges or universities suitable for the Korean reality and establish the state examination necessary to test the professionalism of Acupuncture and Moxibustion that learners have. Lastly, it is necessary to allow external Acupuncture and Moxibustion experts in the medical institutions for scientific and systemic traditional Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and test and research their competency as Acupuncture and Moxibustion Expert to use it as the principle of the treatment of Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine. In the case of the U. S, it is reported that the expectation effect of the reduction of medical expenses involving the 1st Acupuncture and Moxibustion treatment as preventive medicine has accounted for 95% compared with the existing pathological follow-up treatment-centered medical expenses, and Acupuncture and Moxibustion has been invested by only 5%, but its effect is even higher. Using Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine heightens treatment effect of geriatric diseases and can prevent, in advance, the turmoil of medical expenses for the aged society. This research study is significant in the following aspects. First, as the great turmoil of medical expenses is anticipated in the aged society very closely approaching, utilizing Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine can prevent such an incident in advance and fails to bring about the loss of national medical expenses. Second, it is expected that institutionalizing the use of Acupuncture and Moxibustion could stabilize the 1st medical market, stopping patients from getting in chaos and preventing, in advance, patients’ reckless medical abuse. Third, utilizing Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine could prevent, in advance, medical institutions’ unreasonable medical scandal. Lastly, using Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the 1st medicine can heal the elderly’s chronic degenerative diseases so that they could have a daily healthy life. This research study has the limits. In the first place, unfortunately it is difficult to conduct a comparative analysis of the frequency of the elderly’s hospital visit and the medical expenses of the elderly’s chronic degenerative diseases paid to large-scale hospitals and doctors as the 1st medical checkup. Therefore the study on it will be conducted through subsequent research. In the second place, unfortunately it is difficult to analyze accurate therapeutic effect of the elderly’s chronic degenerative diseases based on medical services for the elderly provided by large-scale hospitals and doctors in the Korean medical markets. This is another task to be solved through subsequent research. According to all the analytic research results, it is urgent that the government should promote active PRs and perform a strict maintenance of medical services through public agreements, in order to stabilize the 1st medical system, assist the elderly in utilizing stable medicine, and furthermore, get the effect to reduce the elderly’s medical expenses.

본 연구는 침술과 스포츠 크림의 적용이 지연성근통증에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 20대 남자 대학생 24명을 대상으로 침술적용군(AG), 스포츠크림군(SCG), 정적스트레칭군(SSG)으로 임의 배정하였다. 지연성 근통증을 유발한 후 24시간, 48시간, 72시간, 96시간 마다 중재 적용 후 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 등속성근력, 자각적통증지수(VAS)를 측정하였다. 결과는 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 자각적통증지수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 등속성 근력에서 스포츠크림군이 48h에서 침술군 보다 유의하게 높고(p=.040), 96h에서 정적스트레칭군 보다 유의하 게 높은 근지구력을 나타냈다(p=.040).

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acupuncture and sports cream on the mitigation DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). 24 male college students in their 20s were randomly assigned to three groups, acupuncture group(AG), sports cream group(SCG), static stretch group (SSG). The range of motion of elbow joint, proprioception of elbow joint(AJPS, PJPS), isokinetic strength, and visual analogue scale(VAS) were measured at pre and 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h after causing delayed muscle pain. The results showed no significant differences in ROM, proprioception, muscle pain(VAS). At post-exercse 48H, the sports cream group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group (p=.040), at post-exercise 96h, a significantly higher muscle endurance than the static stretch group (p=.040).

본 연구는 침술 적용이 지연성근통증에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 20대 남자 대학생 16명을 대 상으로 침술적용군(AG)과 정적스트레칭(SSG)으로 임의 배정하였다. 지연성근통증을 유발한 후 24시간, 48시간, 72 시간, 96시간 마다 중재 적용 후 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 등속성근력, 자각적통증지수(VAS)를 측정하였다. 결 과는 관절가동범위, 등속성근력은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자각적통증지수에서 72시간(p=.010)과 96시간(p=.010) 의 통증수준에서 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 능동관절위치감각의 72시간(p=.043)과 96시간(p=.007), 수동 관절위치감각의 96시간(p=.001)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 지연성근통증이 발생했을 때 침술의 적용이 스트레칭 의 적용보다 통증감소와 고유수용성감각 회복에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acupuncture on DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). 16 male college students in their 20s were randomly assigned to two groups, acupuncture group (AG) and static stretch group (SSG). The range of motion of elbow joint, proprioception of elbow joint(AJPS, PJPS), isokinetic strength, and visual analogue scale(VAS) were measured at pre and 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h after causing delayed muscle pain. The results showed no significant differences in range of motion and isokinetic strength. The proprioception was significantly less at 72h(p=.010) and 96h(p=.010) in the AG compared to SSG. The AJPS was significantly decrease at 72h(p=.043) and 96h(p=.007) and PJPS was significantly decrease at 96h(p=.001) in the AG compared to SSG. With this results, delayed onset muscle soreness occurs, application of acupuncture is considered more effective than passive stretching for reducing pain and recovering proprioception.

본 연구는 평생교육 프로그램에서 수면장애를 겪고 있는 여성을 대상으로 하여, 뜸, 침, 명상이 수면 의 질과 생리적 활성화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 J군 평생 학습 프로그램에 참여 중인 여성 24명을 무작위로 선정하여 실험군과 대조군으로 구분하였으며, 2021년 10개월 동안 주 2회, 각 세션당 약 60분씩 총 8회에 걸쳐 실험하였다. 연구 결과, 실험군과 비교군 모두에서 프로그램 참여 전과 후를 비교했을 때 신체적 증상과 수면의 질에서 유의한 개선 효과가 나타났다(p<.05). 실험군이 비교군에 비해 더 큰 개선 효과를 보였지만, 이 차이는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 추가로, 교감신경 활성도, 부교감신경 활성도, 그리고 스트레스 저항도 모두 프로그램 참여 전후에 유의미한 변화를 보였다 (p<.001). 본 연구를 통해 비침습적인 방법을 이용하여 수면장애를 개선하고, 여성의 생활 만족도를 향상 시킬 수 있다는 점이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 침과 뜸을 포함하는 이러한 프로그램을 복지센터나 노인 시설에 서 적용한다면 신체적 및 정서적 기능의 향상과 더불어 생활 만족도를 높이는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study investigated the effects of moxibustion, acupuncture, and meditation on sleep quality and physiological activation among women suffering from sleep disorders in a lifelong education program. For this purpose, 24 women participating in the Group J Lifelong Learning Program were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experiment was carried out twice a week, consisting of eight sessions, each lasting about 60 minutes, throughout October 2021. The findings revealed significant improvements in physical symptoms and sleep quality for both groups from before to after the program(p<.05), with the experimental group experiencing greater enhancements than the control group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Furthermore, there were notable changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve activity, as well as in stress resistance, before and after program participation(p<.001). This study has shown that non-invasive techniques can effectively ameliorate sleep disturbances and enhance life satisfaction among women. Consequently, it is anticipated that programs incorporating acupuncture and moxibustion could be implemented in welfare centers and facilities for the elderly to boost physical and emotional well-being and elevate life satisfaction.