Earticle

이 연구의 목적은 초등 예비교사를 대상으로 ‘나의 창작 이야기를 이용한 그림자 북 만들기’ 활동을 실시 한 후 융합 프로그램에 대한 초등 예비교사들의 인식 을 알아보는 것이다. 이 프로그램은 초등 예비교사들이 ‘이야기’를 창작하고, 그 이야기를 이용해 ‘그림자 북’ 을 만드는 내용으로 구성되었고, 8주 동안 52명의 예 비교사들에게 실시되었다. 프로그램 종료 후 초등 예 비교사들에게 융합 프로그램에 대한 인식을 Likert 척 도 문항과 서술형 문항으로 조사하였다. Likert 척도 문항을 분석한 결과, 초등 예비교사들은 이 프로그램의 목표, 내용, 방법에 대해서는 매우 높은 점수를 나타냈 으며, 프로그램의 만족도와 필요성, 재참여 의지 역시 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 또한 프로그램의 운영 방법, 장 점 및 개선점을 묻는 서술형 문항에 대해 키워드를 중 심으로 분석한 결과 교과 내용, 융합 교육, 수업 역량, 사고력, 심리, 경험에 대한 정서 등으로 범주화할 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 초등 예비교사들은 서로 다른 전공의 교수들이 협력하여 운영하는 융합 프로그램을 체험함으로써 자연스럽게 융합교육의 의미, 중요성, 필요성을 인식할 수 있고, 관련 교과의 내용도 쉽게 이 해할 수 있으며, 교수 역량도 향상시킬 수 있다고 생각 함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 비대면 수업 상황으로 인한 여러 가지 개선점도 언급하였다.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the perception of elementary pre-service teachers about convergence program after conducting 'Making shadow book using my creative story' activity. The program consists elementary pre-service teachers to creat their own stories and using them to make a "shadow book." The program was conducted on 52 elementary pre-service teachers for eight weeks. After the end of the program, they were examined for their perception of the convergence program with the Likert scale questions and essay questions. The analysis results of the Likert scale questions showed that they scored very high on the objectives, contents and methods of the program, and the satisfaction, necessity and willingness to re-participate were also high. In addition, the analysis results based on keywords of essay questions about how the program operates, and its advantages and improvements made it possible to categorize them into instructional content, convergence education, teaching competency, thinking ability, psychology, and emotional experience. Through this study, we could see that by experiencing the convergence program ran by cooperative professors of different majors, elementary pre-service teachers naturally recognized the meaning, importance and necessity of convergence education, understood the contents of related subjects easily, and improved teaching competency. But, they also mentioned various improvements due to the situation of non-face-to-face classes.

Abstract : Presently Youth Center is operated focusing on beneficial concentrated retreat program and educational culture program, the study on the detailed standard of the relevance for the building plan is necessary in this time. This study survey the activity program alternatives by the desire change of adolescent for activation of the Youth Center, and purpose on the voluntarily and opened activity space, and voluntary participated program, and space composition plan for Youth Center. This study is purpose on the suggestion of the basic material for rational and effective space operation by rearrangement of space composition in the planning of the Youth Center.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a sensorimotor integration-based physical activity program targeting balance- and gait-related functions in adolescents with intellectual disabilities, and to evaluate its content validity and preliminary feasibility. Design: A methodological study involving program development, content validity evaluation, and feasibility assessment. Methods: A developmental research design based on the ADDIE model was employed, which consisted of analysis, design, development, pilot implementation, and evaluation through expert validation and feasibility assessment. The program incorporated progressive balance, gait, and dual-task activities grounded in the principles of sensorimotor integration, and consisted of eight sessions delivered twice weekly for four weeks. Content validity was evaluated by five experts using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level content validity index average methods (S-CVI/Ave). Three teachers assessed the feasibility in six adolescents with intellectual disabilities in terms of participation rate, task completion rate, safety, and teacher-rated usability. Results: The I-CVI values ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.92, indicating high content validity. The participation rate was 100% and the task completion rate was 85%, with no adverse events reported. The mean teacher-rated usability score was 4.5 ± 0.5 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating favorable teacher-perceived usability and supporting the preliminary feasibility of school-based implementation. Conclusions: The sensorimotor integration-based physical activity program demonstrated high content validity and preliminary feasibility as a structured school-based program for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Future studies should further examine student-reported acceptability and evaluate its effectiveness using controlled experimental designs.

Objective: This study attempted to find out if it changes the child's ability to perform daily life activities when visiting the familiar environment and daily living space of children with cerebral palsy and conducting a home activity support program for children and parents. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Among 22 children aged 3 to 12 years old, they were assigned to the intervention group and control group. Of these, 12 boys and 10 girls participated in the study. Gross motor function measure and upper extremity function evaluation were used to measure the physical function of children with cerebral palsy, and self-care skills, mobility and social functions were evaluated in the pediatric evaluation of disability inventory. In addition, a parenting sense of competence was used to find out the efficacy of parents in raising children. After the pre-evaluation, basic rehabilitation treatment and intervention programs were applied to the intervention group, and only basic rehabilitation treatment was performed to the control group, and post-evaluation was performed 8 weeks later. Results: As a result of the study, among the items that measured the gross motor function, upper limb function, and daily life performance ability of the intervention group in the difference between the intervention group and the control group, statistically improved in personal processing and movement (p<0.05). In addition, the parenting sense of competence children in the intervention group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The home activity support program will help strengthen the ability of cerebral palsy children to perform daily life as a way to set mutually agreed goals with their families or children and achieve them in a familiar environment.

Objective: To investigate the effects of a sustainable physical activity promotion program developed for older women with osteoarthritis. Design: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design Methods: This study included 51 elderly women with osteoarthritis who received treatment as the outpatients of general and orthopedic specialty hospitals that were located in the city of J were included. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (26) or a control group (25). An exercise program developed for this study was performed three times per week over 12 weeks for 60-90 minutes per day ober 12 weeks. The sustainable exercise program combined exercise and education. Data were collected from pre-program and post-program assessments. Pre assessment, participants' general characteristics, physical fitness (flexibility of the left and right shoulders, muscle strength of the lower and upper part of the body and static and dynamic balance) and exercise self-efficacy were assessed. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS for Windows (version 27.0). Results: The post program assessment showed that, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and the control groups in right shoulder flexibility (F=50.672, p<0.001), left shoulder flexibility (F=11.321, p<0.001), upper limb strength (F=10.844, p<0.001), lower limb strength (F=92.672, p<0.001), dynamic balance (F=89.501, p<0.001), static balance (F=16.964, p<0.001), and exercise self-efficacy (F=124.122, p<0.001). Conclusions: The sustainable physical activity promotion program was found to be effectively in improbed physical fitness and exercsie self-efficacy in older women with osteoarthritis. Thus, an adaptation promotion program for older women with osteoarthritis, is proposed.

Purpose: Sedentary office workers lack physical activity and have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study attempted to develop a remote physical activity improvement program for sedentary office workers and verify its effectiveness by applying it to male workers in their 30s and 40s with MetS. Methods: This study used a randomized control group pretest-posttest design, and the study sample was 75 male workers recruited from an information and technology company. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 38) or control (n = 37) group. The remote physical activity improvement program was constructed based on the self-regulation theory emphasizing autonomy, and was conducted through non-face-to-face Zoom once a week for a total of 12 weeks. Health education, exercise training, small group meetings, and individual counseling were provided, and tailored text messages were sent to participants every day to encourage them to reflect on their lifestyle and practice exercise. Results: The remote physical activity program significantly increased basic psychological needs (Z = -7.55, p < .001), intrinsic motivation (Z = -6.94, p < .001), health promotion behavior, (Z = -6.63, p < .001), and physical and physiological indicators (p < .05) in the intervention group compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: In managing MetS among office workers, it was found that remote education using the Zoom platform was effective, even during the coronavirus pandemic. As a strategy for health education in the workplace, remote education content needs to be developed and applied.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) abdominal muscle strengthening exercise on the activity, posture, and body function of clients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. Methods: PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was applied to one patient with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercise was applied five times a week for four weeks. The 5-time supine-to-long sitting test (5-TSLST) and supine-to-stand test (SST) were used to measure activity, and the pelvis tilt angle test (PTAT) and anterior head translation test (AHTT) were used to measure posture. Body function was assessed using the transverse abdominis muscle strength test (TAMST), the internal oblique and external oblique muscle strength test (IOEOMST), and the rectus abdominis muscle strength test (RAMST). Results: Activity, posture, and body function were improved post-intervention. Conclusion: The study verified that PNF abdominal muscle strengthening exercises are effective when applied to patients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section. The findings of this study provide useful data for future interventions in patients with abdominal muscle weakness after cesarean section.

Background: Given the potential benefits of wellness programs promoting physical activity of the community-dwelling frail elderly, it is recommended that comprehensive wellness programs combined with the component of physical activity. This may improve overall health and potentially lower the health care cost of the frail elderly. In general, the frail elderly residing in community or those after being discharged from hospitals are often committed to enhancing the status of participation in physical activity. Objects: The purposes of this study were to identify specific shortcomings of current wellness programs as part of continuum of community rehabilitation services and to propose alternatives for the care of the community-dwelling frail elderly. Through this study, geriatric health care professionals may be able to implement assessments and programs to successfully promote an effective continuum of care for the frail elderly. Methods: Article reviews were summarized and evaluated. Results: A model elaborating the relationship between components of successful wellness program and participation in physical activities for the community-dwelling frail elderly are recommended. First, periodic monitoring the levels of physical activity by the use of online measurement system should be considered. Second, individualized adaptive technologies for selecting optimal physical activities for the elderly may be better fit to individuals' current status of physical activity. Conclusion: The current status of physical activity in community-dwelling frail elderly can be monitored by online assessment systems. Through the innovative measurement system, elderly may assess his/her physical activity status overtime, select optimal physical activities matching the status, and create the elderly's own adaptive wellness programs that match to the status while residing in his/her community.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different stocker management programs on skeletal muscle development and growth characteristics, satellite cell (SC) activity in growing-finishing beef cattle as well as the effects of SC-conditioned media on preadipocyte gene expression and differentiation. Fall-weaned Angus steers (n = 76; 258 ± 28 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 stocker production systems: 1) grazing dormant native range (NR) supplemented with a 40% CP cottonseed meal-based supplement (1.02 kg ? steer?1 ? d?1) followed by long-season summer grazing (CON, 0.46 kg/d); 2) grazing dormant NR supplemented with a ground corn and soybean meal-based supplement fed at 1% of BW followed by short-season summer grazing (CORN, 0.61 kg/d); 3) grazing winter wheat pasture (WP) at high stocking density (3.21 steers/ha) to achieve a moderate rate of gain (LGWP, 0.83 kg/d); and 4) grazing winter WP at low stocking density (0.99 steers/ha) to achieve a high rate of gain (HGWP, 1.29 kg/d). At the end of the stocker (intermediate harvest, IH) and finishing (final harvest, FH) phases, 4 steers / treatment were harvested and longissimus muscles (LM) sampled for cryohistological immunofluorescence analysis and SC culture assays. At IH, WP steers had greater LM fiber cross-sectional area than NR steers; however, at FH, the opposite was observed (p < 0.0001). At IH, CORN steers had the lowest Myf-5+:Pax7+ SC density (p = 0.020), while LGWP steers had the most Pax7+ SC (p = 0.043). At FH, CON steers had the highest LM capillary density (p = 0.003) and their cultured SC differentiated more readily than all other treatments (p = 0.017). At FH, Pax7 mRNA was more abundant in 14 d-old SC cultures from HGWP cattle (p = 0.03). Preadipocytes exposed to culture media from proliferating SC cultures from WP cattle isolated at FH had more PPARγ (p = 0.037) and less FABP4 (p = 0.030) mRNA expression compared with NR cattle. These data suggest that different stocker management strategies can impact skeletal muscle growth, SC function, and potentially impact marbling development in growing-finishing beef cattle.

Objective: To identify the effect of unstable surface kettlebell exercises on muscle activity and balance in middle and high school baseball players. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The participants were 29 middle and high school baseball players (Unstable surface kettlebell exercises group, USKE: 15; Stable surface kettlebell exercise group, SSKE: 14). The players in the USKE group performed kettlebell exercises for 60 mins on a stable surface thrice a week for 6 weeks, and the return rack was solidified on a stable surface in the same way as the experimental group. Before and after the experiment, the participant's muscle activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus was measured. In addition, the participant's balance was evaluated by measuring the distance moved from the foot's center of pressure (COP). The paired t-test was used to compare groups before and after the experiment. The independent t-test was conducted to assess differences in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. Results: Compared to the SSKE group, the USKE group showed significant differences in the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior and soleus and the balance with the eyes open and closed. Conclusions: The players in the USKE group showed a significant difference in muscle activity and balance than in those in the SSKE group. Thus, effectively including an unstable surface in the kettlebell exercise program will help improve physical function in athletes and people with musculoskeletal disorders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a kettlebell complex program according to the support surface on the lower extremity muscle activity and balance of baseball players. Methods: The participants were divided into two groups; unstable support surface group 1 (11 people) performed the kettlebell complex program on an unstable support surface, and stable support surface group 2 (10 people) performed the kettlebell complex program on a stable support surface. Muscle activity was measured by surface electromyography. Dynamic balance was measured with a balance-measuring equipment. A paired t-test was used to compare groups before and after the experiment. An independent t-test was performed to determine the difference in the degree of change between the two groups before and after the experiment. Results: The intragroup comparison between stable support surface group 1 and 2 showed significant differences in muscle activity and sense of balance. In the comparison between the groups, the difference in muscle activity in unstable support surface group1 was significant in the biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles, and significant differences were also found in the sense of balance. Conclusion: These results suggest that a kettlebell exercise on an unstable support surface is more effective in improving muscle activity and sense of balance than a kettlebell exercise on a stable support surface.

Purpose: Bus drivers are at high risk of chronic diseases due to risk factors associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, high levels of sedentary behaviors, and unfavorable working environments. This study developed a mHealth program for bus drivers, and examined the effectiveness of a mHealth program for promoting physical activity among bus drivers using wearable devices and health coaching. Methods: Forty-seven workers from two bus companies were allocated to the experimental group and the control group. Participants were asked to wear a wearable device (Fitbit Charge HR) during waking hours for a day. Participants in the experimental group were provided with a Fitbit, weekly face-to-face health coaching, a mHealth workbook, and text and photo messaging for 12 weeks. The control group only received a Fitbit. Results: By week 12, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in exercise self-efficacy (p<.015) and daily walking steps (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings have demonstrated that the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching is effective for bus drivers for promoting physical activity. Based on our findings, it is recommended to encourage the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching for bus drivers' wellness.

최근 포괄적 학교체육프로그램은 유·청소년의 신체활동 증진을 목표로 하는 스포츠교육학의 새로운 줄기로 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신체활동을 촉진하고 건강한 생활 습관 확립의 필요성을 강조하는 포괄적학교체육 프로그램의 구조적 특성과 효과를 탐색하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 포괄적학교체육프로그램은 학교, 지역 사회 및 가족과의 연대 속에 유·청소년의 적극적인 신체활동 라이프 스타일을 구축하는데 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 포괄적학교 체육프로그램은 양질의 체육교육을 목표로 하는 중고강도 신체활동 확립에 중점을 두며 스포츠교육학에서 신체활동 증진의 필요성을 제안하였다.

Considerable attention has been given to Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program(CSPAP) to promote children’s health and physical activity(PA) in Sport Pedagogy. This study examined the structural characteristics and effects of CSPAP using literature review analysis to comprehensively overview CSPAP model, which emphasizes the necessity of promoting PA and establishing a healthy lifestyle. Based on the results of the study, CSPAP provide health-enhancing PA in conjunction with schools, communities, and family. CSPAP suggested the importance of PA promotion in sport pedagogy via the uptake of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) accrual in line with the goal of high-quality physical education.

The purpose of this study is to provide planning methods for leisure ac-tivity program to prevent the elderly’s deviance, using the program com-ponents and protocol factors. This section discusses the results ob-tained through document analysis and Delphi technique. First, the com-ponents of leisure activity program were classified into five stages such as definition, condition analysis, program composition, application and evaluation. Second, the protocol factors in each stage of leisure activity program for the elderly’s deviant prevention were 19 main themes and 75 sub-themes respectively. In the stage of condition analysis, five main themes such as deviant prediction, individual, socio-demographic, so-cial and cultural factors and 25 sub-themes were found. Program com-position included three main themes, facilities, instructor and program and 16 sub-themes and in the application stage, there were three key themes, facilities, instructor and program and 14 sub-themes. Lastly, the evaluation found four main themes such as deviant prevention, partici-pation in leisure activities, management and wellbeing and 16 sub-themes.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 다문화가정 아동을 위한 대인돌봄 기반의 오르프 음악활동 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다. 대 인 돌봄 기반의 오르프 음악 활동 프로그램 구성은 자아 탄력성, 또래 관계, 행복, 대인 돌봄 인식, 불안 및 스트레스를 조절할 수 있는 프로그램으로 구성하였으며, 분석(Analysis), 설계(Design), 개발(Development), 실행(Implementation)의 ADDI 모형을 토대로 개발하였다. 그 결과, 돌봄의 표현 영역, 핵심 주제, 돌봄 목표, 대인 돌봄 기법, 오르프 기법에 근거한 10차시 의 프로그램이 개발되었다. 개발된 본 프로그램의 연구 결과를 통해 다문화가정 아동에게 대인돌봄간호가 효과적일 수 있으 며, 본 프로그램이 아동의 정신건강 증진을 위한 중재로 활용될 수 있는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study aims to develop an Orff musical activity program based on interpersonal care for children from multicultural families in South Korea. The Orff music activity program based on interpersonal care consists of a program that can control ego-resilience, peer relationships, happiness, anxiety, and stress, and was developed based on the Analysis, Design, Development, and Implementation (ADDI) model. As a result, a ten-session program was developed based on the expressive area of care, theme, goal, interpersonal care technique, Orff technique. The research results of the developed program show that interpersonal care nursing can be effective for children from multicultural families, and this program can be used as an intervention to improve children's mental health.

This research presents a non-structured, empowered, and activity-oriented English immersion program developed and implemented at a college in an EFL setting. Since its inception in 1995, this program has gone through several changes in its curriculum and format. The participants in this program acquire the target language through being involved in several activities led by native speaking group leaders whose age are about the same as that of the program participants. The pre- and post-program interviews and the program evaluation made by the students and group leaders show that the program has significantly contributed to an increase in the speaking skills of the program participants, irrespective of the short program period. The program deserves the attention of English teaching professionals and researchers working in an EFL environment.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effects of incorporating gym ball exercises for fall prevention on lower limb muscle activity and balance in elderly individuals. Methods: Thirty elderly individuals residing in nursing homes were selected as study participants and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was comprised of 15 individuals. The experimental group performed fall prevention exercises using gym balls, whereas the control group performed only fall prevention exercises. Both groups were conducted for 6 weeks, 3 times a week, with each session lasting 50 minutes. We compared and analyzed the changes in muscle activity and balance within and between the groups. Results: When comparing the changes in lower limb muscle activity between groups before and after intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher lower limb muscle activity after the intervention compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p<. 001). Similarly, the experimental group showed significantly higher improvements in both static and dynamic balance abilities after the intervention than the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that incorporating Gym ball exercises into fall prevention programs is an effective method for enhancing lower limb muscle activity and balance in elderly individuals, thereby reducing fall risk.

The current study examined the effects of an exercise program on health related physical fitness, self-efficacy, and physical activity levels in adults with intellectual disability. The study used pre- and posttest experimental research design with a control group. Total of 23 adults with intellectual disability were recruited with 12 assigned for the exer-cise group and 11 for the control group, separately. The measures of health related physical fitness included cardio pulmonary endurance (step-test), body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis), flexi-bility (sit and reach), muscle endurance (sit-up), and strength (hand grip strength). Self-efficacy was measured using the physical self-efficacy scale. Accelerometers were used to measure physical activity levels. All variables were measured and evaluated twice at baseline and at the end of the program. The exercise program consisted of band exercises and rhythmic activity for 90 min, twice per week for 12 weeks. After the intervention, significant improvements were found in the experimental group in muscle endurance, self-efficacy, and physical activity levels. An exercise program may be recommended as a nonpharmaceutical method to improve the health of adults with intellectual disabilities.

We investigated the effect of exercise rehabilitation based on fine mo-tor movement for the elderly with mild dementia. Using electroenceph-alogram (EEG), the change of brain wave of them based on fine motor movement and comparing the improvement level of cognitive ability and performance capability in daily living activity was recorded. The subjects were the elderly with mild dementia living in a sanatorium in Incheon city. Mini-Mental Status Examination, activity of daily living (ADL), and the influence on depression were examined. After 8-week exercise program, significant difference in cognitive function and ADL was observed, however, and there was no significant difference in de-pression. In the EEG, there was a significant difference in α-wave. This study suggests the chance to remind the necessity of exercise programs for improving cognitive function and ADL of the elderly with dementia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical exercise program implemented on unstable support surface on changes in lower limb muscle activity and gait speed in people with developmental disabilities. Methods: The study included 20 developmentally disabled people, randomly assigned to two groups: the control group and experimental group. The physical exercise program implemented on a stable support surface for control group and an unstable support surface for experimental group. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare lower limb muscle activity and gait speed between the groups, revealing significant differences. Results: The muscle activity, there were statistically significant differences before and after the intervention in the anterior tibialis and soleus in both control group and experimental group(p<.05), and in rectus femoris and biceps femoris only in experimental group(p<.05). There were statistically significant differences between groups in rectus femoris (p<.05) and biceps femoris (p<.01). Second, the gait speed, there were statistically significant differences between groups (p<.05), and before and after the intervention only in experimental group(p<.05). Conclusion: Physical exercise programs using unstable support surface can be an effective intervention for improving lower extremity muscle activity and gait speed. These findings suggest that, in the future, this training can serve as an efficient physical exercise program for people with developmental disabilities.