Earticle

본 연구는 국내 다국적기업을 대상으로 기술이전 성과의 결정요인을 기술공급자의모기업의 전수능력과 기술도입자의 흡수역량으로 구분하여 살펴보고 이러한 구조적관계에 기술적 특성이 미치는 조절효과를 검증하고자 하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 국내다국적기업 중 해외 생산기능을 확보하고 있는 17개국 소재 195개 해외자회사를 대상으로수집한 자료를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 분석 결과를 살펴보면, 모기업의전수능력은 기술이전 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 해외자회사의 흡수역량증진을 통해 간접적으로도 기술이전 성과 향상에 기여함을 확인하였다. 기술 암묵성의조절효과 검증 결과, 명시적 기술이전에 있어서는 모기업의 전수능력이 기술이전 성과에미치는 영향력이 암묵적 기술이전에 비해 더욱 크게 나타난 반면, 암묵적 기술이전에있어서는 자회사 흡수역량이 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향력이 명시적 기술이전에 비해더욱 크게 나타났다. 본 연구는 기존연구에서 상호 독립적으로 기술이전 성과에 영향을미친다고 인식되었던 전수역량과 흡수역량 간의 매개효과를 검증하고, 이러한 경로는이전되는 기술의 특성(기술 암묵성)에 따라 영향력이 달라진다는 조절효과를 밝혀낸 점에의의가 있다고 하겠다.

This study looked at the path of the technology transfer between the headquarters and the subsidiary of MNEs in Koreat. The capabilities related to the technology transfer were divided by a disseminative capability and a absorptive capability. We collected data from 195 foreign subsidiaries of Korean parent firms located in seventeen countries and used structural path analysis method. The results showed that disseminative capacity and absorptive capacity positively influence on the international technology transfer performance. Also, the disseminative capacity affects the technology transfer performance indirectly through the subsidiary's absorptive capacity. The analysis moderating effects have following findings. In the transfer of explicit technology, the effects of parent company 's disseminative capacity on technology transfer performance is more strongly significant than implicit transfer of technology. On the other hand, the transfer of implicit technology has more influence on the transfer performance of the subsidiary than the transfer of explicit technology transfer.

본 연구는 ETRI(한국전자통신연구원)가 5개 중소제조기업들에 제조 빅데이터 기술을 이전시킨 사례를 분석하여 스마트 팩토리의 핵심기술인 제조 빅데이터 기술을 중소제조기업에 이전시키는데 어 떠한 요인이 기술이전 성패에 영향을 끼치는지를 연구하였다. 사례조사 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업능력과 종업원의 제조 빅데이터 기술수용태도가 제조 빅데이터 기술이전 도입성과가 높은 3개 기업과 성과가 낮은 2개 기업을 구별하는 중요한 성패요인인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기술 사용용 이성 평가측면에서 제조 빅데이터 기술도입 현장성과가 높은 기업과 성과가 낮은 기업간에 차이가 있 는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 기술도입 성과가 높은 기업은 제조 빅데이터 기술을 사용하기 쉽다고 인식하 고 있었다. 셋째, ETRI 연구원들의 서비스 품질은 제조 빅데이터 기술이전 성패에 큰 영향을 끼치지 는 않았다.

This study examines what factors influence external manufacturing big data technology transfer performance in small-and-medium-sized manufacturing firms, through investigating five technology transfer cases implemented by Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute( ETRI) for small-and-medium-sized manufacturing firms. The results of case study are as follows. First, it is found that both firm capability and employees’ technology acceptance attitude are key discriminating factors separating three higher performance firms from two lower performance firms. Second, ease of technology use is also such an important discriminating factor that three firms with higher technology transfer performance perceived ETRI’s manufacturing big data technology easier to use than in the case of two firms with lower technology transfer performance. Third, service quality performed by ETRI researchers does not have a linear impact on external manufacturing big data technology transfer performance.

본 연구의 목적은 공공 기술이전 사례에서 수요기업의 기술이전성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝히고 이에 따른 시사점을 제공하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 문헌 연구를 통하여 이전 받은 기술의 가치를 기술의 금전적 가치를 의미 하는 기술거래 금액과 기술의 완성도를 의미하는 기술개발단계(TRL)로 제시하고, 기술이전 기업의 경영데이터를 활용하여 이전 받은 기술의 가치가 기업 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 기업 유형 및 기술 이전 유형에 따른 기술가치 및 경영성과에 대한 인식의 차이를 추가적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 기술거래 금액이 높은 기술보다는 기술개발 단계가 높은 기술일수록 기업의 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기업 유형 및 기술이전 유형에 따른 기술가치에 대한 인식의 차이는 있으나, 경영성과에 대한 인식 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 공공 기술이전성과 향상을 위한 기술가치의 중요성을 확인하고, 기술이전의 성공적인 추진을 위한 기업의 전략적인 방향성을 제 시하였다는 점을 본 연구의 의의라 할 수 있다.

This study was intended to identify the factors effecting the business performance of the firms that received public technology transfer and to suggest implications on the basis of the results. For this purpose, the author empirically analyzed the influence of the technology value on the business performance of the firms using the business data of the firms on the basis of quantitative data. Furthermore, the author analyzed the differences in perception of technology value and business performance according to type of firms and type of technology transfer. As a result of this study, it was found that the more advanced technology, the more positive influence on business performance of the firms, and that there was no difference in perception of business performance whereas there was difference in perception of technology value according to the type of firms and technology transfer. This study is meaningful in that through this study the author has confirmed the importance of technology value to enhance competitiveness of technology transfer companies and strategic direction for successful implementation of technology transfer.

This study analyzed the effect of determinant factors of university- industry cooperation on the performance of patent, technology transfer and spin-off in Korea. The empirical study was based on the dataset from 152 universities in Korea. The university-industry cooperation performance model presented as the determinant factors and performance outcomes was analyzed through a multiple linear regression model and a negative binomial regression model. The determinant factors of university-industry cooperation were composed of three factors that included research competency, a organizational factor and a regional factor. The performance of university-industry cooperation was presented as patent, technology transfer and spin-off, respectively. The findings of this study show that research competency influence the performance of patent, technology transfer and spin-off positively. In addition, a organizational factor also appears to have a positive effect on the performance of patent, technology transfer and spin-off. However, the effect of a regional factor on spin-off performance is not statistically meaningful whereas it affects the performance of patent and technology transfer positively.

The franchise system, which is now one of the distribution channels growing quickly, has come to a head to be grown up with a variety of changeability and flexibility. Most researches are focused on the chief element of success, even though researches on the system have been carried out. As a matter of fact, however, this research not only in case there is much difference between success and failure among franchises has the same brand, but also the recognition on the essential and appropriate service, product, and atmosphere that consumers think it is widely different, has all but been conducted. This kind of status is caused by this, the system of main office, which intends to be transfer to franchise, is not well initiated, on the contrary, falsely. As meantime, we can focus research on the form of technology transfer that has been overlooked. As it were, The purpose of this research is as follows: Firstly, this is to develop a gauge of technology transfer by implied form with the regular promise that is furnished in franchise system. Second, this is to grasp how this technology transfer has an impact upon future-oriented Relationship Characteristics like the trust bond between the franchise and the head office. Third, this is to understand how much this affects Relationship Performance like the renewal contract or the meaning. To achieve the purpose of these studies, I drew some hypotheses carrying out the study on bibliography. In addition, I conducted the survey of the franchises joined in association. In the concrete, I substantiate the credibility of verification, seeking factor analysis, verification factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural analysis among the 164 valid samples. Research results which are derived from above process can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the formal technology transfer is showed up on the relationship between trust and relationship bond as positive (+) effect, on the other hand, it doesn't have a direct influence on the Relationship Performance as positiveness (+) one. Secondly, technology transfer by implied form based on the trust and relationship bond is showed up as positive (+) effect, but, it doesn't affect the Relationship Performance as positiveness (+) one. Thirdly, Relationship Characteristics like the trust and relationship bond in franchise system reflects it has a positive effect on the Relationship Performance. In addition, as for Relationship Characteristics, the trust and relationship bond of verification result on parameters is completely in effect. The rationales on this paper are as follows: Above all, it is such achievement that I can confirm the presence of invisible technology by implied form which could be behind the manual as well as the process and the fulfillment of the contract in bond between the franchise and the head office, so to speak, those can be said to be one of the features in the franchise system. Moreover, I can obtain the result like this, Relationship Characteristics like the trust relationship bond with the head office must be the determinant of the Relationship Performance.

국가R&D의 규모가 커짐에 따라 연구결과의 활용 차원에서 주요한 이슈로 기술이전과 기술사업화가 다뤄져왔다. 본 연구에서는 국가R&D과제를 통하여 기술이전이 실시된 데이터를 바탕으로 기술이전이 되기까지 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구수행 주체에 따라 분석함으로써 효율적인 기술이전이 행해지기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 기술이전 성과를 분석한 결과, 기술료 수익에 있어서 연구비가 각각의 연구주체인 대학과 정부연구기관, 산업체 모두에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 정부연구기관은 수도권과 대전지역에서 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업체의 경우 협동유무와 응용연구단계, 연구에 대한 시간에 대한 투자가 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 기술이전 건수의 경우에는 대학은 연구비, 개발 단계의 연구에, 정부는 연구기간과 연구비, 개발단계의 연구에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 산업체는 기술이전 건수에 응용연구만 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 효율적인 기술이전 성과 창출을 위하여 각각의 연구주체에 따른 차별화된 정책이 실행되어야 하는데 이를 위해서는 연구 주체들의 성과 분석을 통하여 주체들에 대한 구체적인 포지셔닝을 하고, 이를 바탕으로 연구과제의 목적과 미션을 차별화하여 기술이전이 효율적으로 행해질 수 있도록 지원해야 할 것이다.

As national R&D is increased in scale, technology transfer has garnered more attention in terms of utilizing R&D outcomes. In this study, we analyzed influencing factors to technology transfer, as a way of utilizing R&D results, using data on national R&D. The analyses was performed with 3 subjects: university, government research institute and industry. When royalty is used as a dependent variable to measure the performance outcomes of technology transfers, the analysis showed that R&D funds have positive influence on all three subjects. In terms of government research institute, the influence was significant whether the location is the capital area or Daejeon city. With regards to industry, factors such as whether the project is a cooperative research, applied research, and the research to technology transfer period were found to have remarkable influence. On the other hand, when the number of cases of technology transfer was used as a dependent variable, the analysis indicated that R&D funds have significant impact on university, while for government research institute, the significant influencing factors include both R&D funds and the research to technology transfer period, and for industry have positive influence on applied research. It is therefore necessary to make differentiated policies considering the R&D organizations in order to improve the efficiency of technology transfer performance.

국가가 막대한 예산을 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 지속적으로 연구개발에 투입하는 목적은 연구개발을 통해 획득한 기술을 활용하여 국가과학기술 역량 및 국민의 삶의 질을 제고하고 국가경제에 기 여하기 위한 것이다. 그 동안 국방 분야는 경제적 측면보다는 방위력 증강을 위한 핵심기술 및 무기체계 개발에 중점을 두었으나, 글로벌 금융위기 등 경기 침체로 인하여 국가경제가 위축됨 에 따라 국방 분야가 경제에 기여하도록 하는 방안의 수립이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국방연구개발을 통해 획득한 기술을 활용하여 국가안보 및 국민경제에 기여하고자, 국방기술을 민간에 이전하고 사업화 추진 시 성과에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 식별하고자 하 였다. 식별된 영향 요인을 바탕으로 하여 국방 분야가 보유하고 있는 제반 자원의 전략적 투자 를 통해 향후 기술이전·사업화 성과를 높이기 위한 정책을 수립하는데 일조할 수 있도록 시사점 을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 국방 분야의 대표적 출연기관인 국방과학연구소에서 개발된 국방기술을 기반으로 하여 기술이전·사업화 추진 경험이 있는 기술개발자, 기술수요자, 기술중개 자 등을 대상으로 설문조사 및 인터뷰 등을 수행하여 109개의 데이터를 회수하였다. 본 연구에 서는 종속변수가 명목척도인 이분형 변수이므로 회수된 자료에 대하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수 행하였고, 이에 따라 독립변수 14개 중 5개가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 분석결과 로 기술공급자 측면에서는 기술개발자에 대한 기술역량 제고와 기술료 보상금의 확대, 기술수요 자 측면에서는 국방사업 참여경험의 증대, 그리고 정책제도 측면에서는 기술이전 절차와 기술료 합의 절차의 간소화 등이 기술이전·사업화 성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 부문에 대해서는 육성 및 지원 방안을, 부정적인 영향을 미친 부문에 대 해서는 관련 정책·제도의 개선을 통하여 향후 국방 분야의 기술이전·사업화 성과를 제고하기 위 한 시사점을 제시하였다.

The purpose for a nation’s investing an enormous budget in R&D is to utilize technologies acquired via R&D activities so that it can ultimately enhance the national science & technology capability and improve the quality of life of the people. In the meantime, the defense sector has focused on enhancing the defense capabilities rather than the economic aspects. However, due to the recession, the defense sector was also required to contribute to the national economy. In this study, we tried to identify the main factors influencing the performance of technology transfer commercialization in order to contribute to national security and national economy by utilizing technology acquired through defense R&D. Furthermore, providing suggestions, the study can be used as a reference in establishing a policy that enhances the technology transfer & commercialization via strategical investment of defense sector owned resources. To achieve this, related 109 data was surveyed via questionnaires and interviews, targeting technology developers, technology consumers as well as technology mediators who are experienced in promoting technology transfer & commercialization of defense technologies developed in ADD(Agency for Defense Development), a representative of a government-funded research institute in the defense sector. The gathered data was used to analyze influential factors in technology transfer & commercialization performance by a logistic regression methodology. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the collected data because the dependent variable was the nominal scale(binary variable). Five of the 14 independent variables were statistically significant. Therefore, it was shown that enhancing competency and expanding compensation for technology developers, expanding opportunities to participate in defense projects for technology users, and simplifying technology transfer and royalty processes for policies/laws have a positive effect on technology transfer commercialization performance. Based on the analyzed results, a support measure was provided for factors influencing performance positively while a policy & system improvement plan is suggested for factors influencing performance negatively.

본 연구는 중국시장 국내 다국적기업의 본사-자회사 간 기술이전 성과와 현지의 제품개발 성과의 관계를 경로모형으로 살펴보았다. 기술이전 관련 역량은 전수역량과 흡수역량으로 나누었으며, 기술이전 성과, 제품개발 성과를 주요 요인으로 설정하였다. 외부환경 요인으로 시장 잠재력과 지적재산권 보호정도를 설정하여 조절효과 가설을 수립하였다. 조절효과를 포함한 7개 가설을 93개 제조기업을 대상으로 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 실증분석 하였다. 분석 결과 본사 전수역량과 자회사 흡수역량은 모두 기술이전 성과에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 기술이전 성과는 또한 제품개발 성과에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 조절효과 분석에서는 중국 현지의 지적재산권 보호 정도에 좋지 않다고 생각할수록 전수역량과의 조절효과가 기술이전 성과에 부정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 시장 잠재력은 조절효과를 보여주지 못하였다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 시사점을 살펴보았으며, 연구 한계와 앞으로 연구방향을 논의하였다.

This study looked at the path of the technology transfer and the product development between the headquarters and the subsidiary of MNEs in China market. The capabilities related to the technology transfer were divided by a disseminative capability and a absorptive capability. Technology transfer and product development were major factors in performance. As a external environmental factors, there were the market potential and the degree of the intellectual property right protection and the moderating effect hypothesis were proposed using these factors. Seven hypotheses including moderating effects were analyzed using a structural equation model to the 93 manufacturing MNEs. The results of the analysis, the both of the disseminative capability of headquarters and the absorption capabilities of subsidiary had a positive effect on the technology transfer. Technology transfer and also had a positive impact on product development performance. The moderating effect showed when MNEs think the degree of the intellectual property protection is not enough in China, the moderating effect between it and the disseminative capability has a negative impact on technology transfer. The market potential did not show the moderating effect. Based on above discussions, this study looked at the implications and discuss limitations and future research directions.

우리나라는 기술사업화 활성화를 위하여 기술이전·사업화 전문기관을 지속적으로 육성하고 있으며 다양한 형태 로 구성되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 전문기관의 유형과 지원형태에 따른 성과에 대한 연구가 제한적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기술이전․사업화 전문기관의 유형을 구분하여 복합활용성과와 기술을 수용한 기업의 성과를 측정하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 기업 외부기술 도입 및 활용을 추진한 380개기업을 대상으로 OLS 및 NBR 회귀분석 방법을 활용하 여 가설검증을 실시하였다. 분석결과 기술이전․사업화 전문기관을 복합 활용 할수록 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주고, 외부기술도입의 항목에 따라 기업성과에 상이한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산업성장단계가 초기일수록 산업이 안정화되는 영역의 기업성과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 기업차원에서 기술이전·사업화 전문기관의 활용과 기 업의 외부기술을 도입전략 시사점을 제시하였다.

In order to commercialize technology, Korea is continuously fostering specialized institutions for technology transfer/commercialization, and it is composed in various forms. However, there are limited studies on corporate performance according to the type of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institution and the type of support. This study aims to measure the combined utilization performance and performance of companies that have adopted the technology by classifying the types of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institutions. To this end, a study was conducted on 380 companies that promoted the introduction and use of external technologies. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the more the combined use of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institutions has a positive effect on corporate performance, and has different effects on corporate performance depending on the items of external technology introduction. In addition, it was found that the earlier the industrial growth stage is, the higher the corporate performance. Through this study, implications of strategies for the use of specialized organizations for technology transfer and commercialization and introduction of external technologies of the company were presented at the corporate level.

본 연구는 해외 자회사를 운영하는 다국적기업의 기술이전 성과 결정요인을 살펴보려는 목적으로 진행하였다. 지식기반관점과 현지화 전략 접근과 관련한 기존 이론적 논의를 살펴보고 기술이전 성과 결정요인 분석 모형을 제시하였다. 자회사 경영 자율성을 선행요인으로 하였으며, 본사와 자회사의 관계자산이 갖는 조절효과 요인을 분석하였다. 국내 기업 중 해외 자회사를 운영하는 다국적기업의 표본으로 182개의 설문 표본을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 경영 자율성, 자회사 흡수역량, 기술이전 성과를 경로모형으로 제시하고 관계자산인 신뢰와 협력을 조절효과 요인으로 설정하였다. 조절효과를 포함하여 7개 가설을 구조방정식 모형인 PLS(Partial Least Square) 모형으로 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과 경영 자율성과 자회사 흡수역량은 모두 기술이전 성과에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 반면 경영 자율성은 기술이전 성과에는 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 조절효과 분석에서는 경영 자율성과 협력의 조절효과는 흡수역량에 그리고 경영 자율성과 신뢰의 조절효과는 기술이전 성과에 각각 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석 결과는 관계자산의 조절효과 분석을 진행한 점에서 앞으로 연구에서 이를 활용하려는 분석에 이론적 논의를 제공한다. 또한, 관계자산을 중심으로 경영 자율성 효과를 높일 수 있는 본사의 접근이 기술이전 성과에 긍정적이라는 실무적 시사점을 논의하였다.

This research analyzed MNEs’ performance of technology transfer from the view of management autonomy, absorptive capacity and the role of relational assets. The objective of this study is as follows. First, this study attempts to build an integrated analysis model utilizing theoretical framework of localization of subsidiary based on the global strategy and knowledge-based view that describing the technology transfer. Second, this study will try to explain the relation between the management autonomy, absorptive capacity and the performance of technology transfer in MNEs’ subsidiary. Third, this study will analyze the moderating effects of the trust and the cooperation in terms of the results of the empirical analysis in existing the relational assets view. According to the existing literatures, empirical research model was proposed in which management autonomy factor based on the global strategy theory, absorptive capacity based on the knowledge-based theory and two factors(trust, cooperation) in terms of the relational asset theory are integrated. In the empirical method of this study which based on the discussions above, used total 20 questions to measure 5 latent variables. The research sample were MNEs running foreign subsidiaries. The data set was extracted from 2013/2014 Overseas Korea Business Directory published by Korea Trade Investment Promotion Agency(KOTRA). The research survey was conducted through e-mail, fax, and online. After survey completed, 182 questionnaires were collected from subsidiaries. Using a PLS(Partial Least Square)-structural equation modeling-this study tests 7 hypotheses including moderating effects of relational assets. Analysis result showed that for the effect of management autonomy on absorptive capacity, it did not have statistically significant. But it showed a positive effect on the absorptive capacity. In addition, there was a positive relation between the absorptive capacity and the performance of technology transfer. For the hypotheses about moderating effects of the relational assets, PLS method used two-stage approach. As a result, the moderating effect between the management autonomy and the cooperation had a positive impact on the absorptive capacity and the effect on the performance of technology transfer by the management autonomy and the trust which was a relational asset were so. First, this research has a theoretical implication as it examines the moderating effects of relational assets, by expanding the discussion of the existing researches on knowledge transfer. In addition, this study has a difference point compare with precious research. Because this study focused the role of the relational assets which has a impact the technology transfer of subsidiaries affected the local culture. Second, this study has another theoretical implication as it set management autonomy as an antecedent factor of the absorptive capacity and the performance of technology transfer. Because existing researches did not directly examine the influence of the management autonomy on absorptive capacity and the performance of technology transfer as a main element of technology transfer process. Third, this research suggests a business implication about the management autonomy and the relational assets(trust, cooperation) to Korean MNEs operated subsidiaries. By comparing with a empirical result about moderating effect between the management autonomy and the trust, this research provide a important role of the cooperation. Such result implies that Korean MNEs should concentrate on developing the management autonomy of foreign subsidiaries, and build up stable structure of relational assets, for the process of transferring technology to their subsidiaries.

The concept of technology transfer has been changed for successful technology transfer with rapid technology innovation. There is a need to develop the performance evaluation framework for cultivating the technology transfer considering the change of definition of technology transfer. The suggested framework involves the phase of redefining the technology transfer as a shared two-way process, the phase of expanding the value chain, the phase of restructuring technology transfer barriers and the phase of deriving the hierarchy structure for evaluating the technology transfer containing strategies and critical success factors. Based on the suggested framework, officers in technology transfer would extract the important information and implementation plan for successful technology transfer based on strategies and critical success factors. The technology transfer of public research institutions would be cultivated by evaluating the performance of technology transfer through the proposed framework.

국내에서 대학의 기술이전 촉진요인에 대한 연구는 2000년 이후 집중적으로 연구되 기 시작했다. 대부분의 선행연구는 대학이 보유하고 있는 인적자원, 지식재산자원, 재 정자원, 전담부서의 역량을 중심으로 다양한 분석이 있었다. 그러나 선행연구들은 기 술이전의 대상이 되는 기술의 특성보다는 대학의 기술이전 환경 및 역량에 집중하여 특허의 가치에 대한 중요성이 반영되지 못했다. 기술이전은 기술공급자와 기술수요자 간의 이해를 바탕으로 이루어지는 상호 협력의 성격으로 인해 인큐베이팅 시간이라는 특성이 존재한다. 이러한 특성을 반영하기 위해서는 개별특허 수준에서 기술이전 성 과와의 상관성 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 특허 가치의 계량적 평가방법을 활용 하여 기술이전 촉진요인을 분석하였다. 기술이전의 실질적 대상이 되는 특허와 기술 이전 성과와의 상관성을 특허가치평가요소와 기술이전데이터를 이용하여 규명하였다. 전국 거점국립대학교의 2012∼2022년도의 등록 특허 데이터를 사용하였으며, 기술이 전 활동도가 가장 높은 바이오·의료 분야의 기술이전성과를 중심으로 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대학의 기술이전·사업화 예산의 절반 이상을 차지하고 있는 지식재 산권의 관리 방법에 있어, 종전 비용 중심적 일괄 관리에서 실용화 가능성이 높은 특 허의 집중관리 전략 요소를 제공한 실무적 의의가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In Korea, research on the factors that promote technology transfer in universities began to be intensively studied after 2000. Most of the preceding studies focused on the resource factors of universities and conducted various analyses. However, previous studies have not reflected the importance of the value of patents, focusing on the technology transfer environment and capabilities of universities rather than the characteristics of the technology being transferred. Technology transfer has the characteristic of cultivating time due to the nature of mutual cooperation based on the understanding between technology providers and technology consumers. In this study, the factors promoting technology transfer were analyzed using the quantitative evaluation method of patent value at the individual patent level. The correlation between the patent subject to technology transfer and technology transfer performance was identified using patent value evaluation factors and technology transfer data. It used registered patent data from 2012 to 2022 at National University, and conducted logistic regression analysis focusing on technology transfer performance in bio and medical fields with the highest technology transfer activity. The results of this study are expected to be practical in providing intensive management strategy elements for patents that are likely to be commercialized in the management strategy of intellectual property rights of universities.

Many developing countries like Ethiopia are investing in various technologies, in their continuing effort to break out of structural failures and underdevelopment. Along with their investment they are striving to bring excellence in technology transfer and innovation. Technology transfer continues to be the center of science, technology and innovation policies and strategies. However, at times even with considerable amount of investment, the aspired element of knowledge and technology transfer might not come along with projects. Hence, countries need to constantly assess the level of increase in technological capability Technological capability is the capacity to identify technological options on the market, assess their value, select the specific technology needed, use it, adapt and improve it and finally develop technologies. It encompasses the skill possessed both by direct producers and decision-makers. Technological capabilities are grouped into their separate but interrelated capabilities: production (operating productive facilities); investment (expanding capacity and establishing new productive facilities); and innovation (developing technologies).(MoST, 2012) across different sectors following their intensive investment. Bearing in mind the pervasive nature of the information communication technology (ICT) sector and the foundational role it has on transforming economy, this paper made an effort to evaluate the performance of the ICT sector in Ethiopia in terms of identifying, accusing adopting, utilizing, assimilating and diffusing technologies by using the Broader Information Technology Transfer Lifecycle approach developed by Baark and Heeks (1999). The finding of the study revealed that the technological capability of the ICT sector is mostly limited to the first three phases of the information technology transfer life cycle. The first three stages are identification of the technology, purchasing and negotiation and implementation of the technology. These three phases mostly resemble level one and level two technological capabilities, which includes the capacity to use and select a technology, the ability to train others to use the technology and the capacity to install and troubleshoot the technology. Some organizations (mostly private firms) managed to extend up to phases four. Such firms had technological capacity reaching up to level three (modifying the finished product) and level four (copying and assembling the technology). In general government projects (public sector) have less contribution to technology transfer as they are mostly on turnkey bases. The findings of the study have showed that private sector has promising capacity in areas related to software, highlighting a better capacity of technology transfer if managed properly. The study suggested that leadership and capacity building can play a fundamental role on boosting the ICT sector’s technological capacity. In telecommunication aspects, the study highlighted the importance of encouraging the establishment of local private firms operating in the area and boosting their capacity prior to deregulating the sector. In ICT service and equipment aspect, the study underlines the need for selecting firms with entrepreneurial spirit and making an intensive investment on them (R&D activities, financial and technical support) to create competent private sector.

The purpose of this study is to analyze on the relationship between quality of service provided by technology suppliers and the technology transfer performance of technology customers. This is to measure the quality of service provided by the technology supplier. And the SERVQUAL cognized by the technology consumer analyze the impact on technology transfer performance. The results of this study are as follows. First, in technology transfer, the technology consumer prefer to approach of finished goods. Second, the SERVQUAL cognized by the technology consumer appeared to statistically significant in tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, empathy, and complexity etc. Third, this paper established the effect of SERVQUAL on technology transfer performance in firms.

본 연구목적은 연구자의 지식재산(IP) 활동이 기술이전 성과에 영향을 IP 성과 관점에서 규명하고, IP 성과가 IP 활동과 기술이전 성과 간에 매개 효과가 있는지를 실증적으로 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 IP 활동을 독립변수로, IP 성과를 매개변수로, 기술이전 성과를 종속변수로 설정한 연구모형을 수립하고, IP-R&D 컨설팅 경험이 있는 연구자를 대상으로 불성실한 응답을 제외한 유효 표본을 활용하여 다중 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 연구자의 IP 활동 중 창출 및 보호 활동이 IP 성과 및 기술이전 성과에 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 반면, IP 인프라는 모두 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, IP 성과가 기술이전 성과에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, IP 성과는 IP 창출 및 보호 활동이 기술이전 성과 간에 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기술이전 성과 분석에서 상대적으로 간과했던 연구자 중심의 IP 활동의 중요성을 재조명하였으며, 기술이전 성과를 설명함에 있어 연구자의 IP 활동과 IP 성과를 종합적으로 고려했다는 점에서 정책적·산업적·조직적 시사점을 제공한다.

This study aims to empirically examine the impact of researchers’ intellectual property (IP) activities on technology transfer performance, focusing on the mediating role of IP performance. A structural model was developed in which IP activities were designated as the independent variable, IP performance as the mediating variable, and technology transfer performance as the dependent variable. The empirical analysis was conducted using multiple regression on valid responses collected from researchers with IP-R&D consulting experience, excluding insincere or incomplete data. The results of the multiple regression analysis revealed the following: First, among researchers’ IP activities, IP creation and protection exerted a significant positive effect on IP performance and technology transfer performance, whereas IP infrastructure showed a significant negative effect. Second, IP performance was found to significantly and positively influence technology transfer performance. Third, IP performance played a mediating role in the relationship between IP creation and protection activities and technology transfer performance. These findings highlight the critical importance of researcher-led IP activities, which have often been overlooked in prior studies of technology transfer outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence that integrates both IP activities and IP performance in explaining technology transfer outcomes, and it offers meaningful implications for policymakers, industrial, and institutional IP management strategies.

본 연구는 벤처기업 기술수요자 특성이 기술이전사업화 성공에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2001년부터 2006년까지 지식경제부 및 교육과학기술부가 전수 조사한 연구성과 현황자료를 활용하여 이전기술개발지원사업에 성공하여 기술료수입 실적이 있는 57개 대학을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술도입역량 변수인 등록특허 보유수, 시장점유율은 체계적으로 기술이전사업화 성공에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미침을 발견하였다. 벤처기업 기술수요자가 등록한 특허 수가 많을수록, 시장점유율, 즉 시장지배력이 클수록 기술이전사업화에 성공할 가능성이 높아짐을 시사한다. 둘째, 기술도입조건 변수인 기술료는 체계적으로 기술이전사업화 성공에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미침을 발견하였다. 기술을 도입하는 기술수요자가 기술가치를 인정하여 기술료를 많이 지출할수록 기술이전사업화에 성공할 가능성이 높아짐을 시사한다.

The study on success factors of the commercialization of technology transfer has been conducted based upon the characteristics of technology providers, technology itself, and environmental aspects. However, the definition for these success factors are vary and broad while most of those studies were conducted from the technology providers' position. As the result, among the capabilities of the technology adopter, number of intellectual properties and technology development accomplishments made substantially meaningful influence on the study, while others like conditions for the technology transfer, number of years that companies were in the businesses and the size of the companies did not provide much influences.

본 연구는 최근 들어 대학의 기술이전 성과 확대와 관련된 관심이 크게 확대되고 있음을 고려, 국내 대학의 기술이전 전담조직(TLO, technology licensing office)의 기술이전 성과 요인을 살펴보고 이를 개선해보기 위한 정책적 시사점 등을 모색해 보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 대학 기술이전 전담조직 구성원들을 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였으며, 평가·보상, 전문인력, 조직문화 및 외부협력성과와 기술이전 성과 간의 관계 분석 및 외부협력성의 상호작용 효과에 관한 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 모든 변수들이 기술이전 성과에 유의적인 정(+)의 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 일부 변수에 있어 유의적인 외부협력성의 조절효과를 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 기술이전 전담조직에 요구시되는 다양한 역량 요인들을 변수로 제시함은 물론, 해당 요인들과 외부협력성 간의 일부 상호작용 효과가 발생하고 있음을 확인함으로써 관련 연구 분야의 학문적 기반을 확장하였다는 점과 더불어 기술이전 성과 확산을 위한 정책적 시사점에 제공하였다는 점에서 그 의미가 크다고 판단된다.

Considering the recent expansion of interest in the technology transfer performance of universities, this study was conducted to examine the technology transfer performance factors of domestic universities' technology licensing office(TLO) and to explore policy implications to improve them. To this end, this study conducted a survey of members of university technology licensing office, and conducted an empirical analysis of the relationship between evaluation and compensation, professional manpower, organizational culture, external cooperation, and technology transfer performance and the interaction effect of external cooperation. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that all variables presented in this study had a significant positive(+) effect on technology transfer performance, and in some variables, a significant moderating effect of external cooperation was confirmed. This study is considered significant in that it not only presented various competency factors required for technology licensing office as variables, but also expanded the academic foundation of related research fields by confirming that some interaction effects between the factors and external cooperation are occurring, and provided policy implications for spreading technology transfer performance.

본 연구는 대학의 특허경영전문가 활용이 기술이전 성과에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로써 향후 대학이 기술전담조직의 전문성강화의 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 특허경영전문가 파견에 관한 세부적인 효과파악을 위하여 세부적으로 특허경영전문가 파견유무, 특허경영전문가 파견기간, 특허경영전문가 파견연도로 세분화하여 연구를 진행하였다. 분석을 위하여, 대학정보공시센터의 "대학알리미" 자료와 한국지식재산전략원의 "특허경영전문가파견사업" 자료를 활용하였으며, 총 110개 4년제 대학을 중심으로 2008년부터 2013년간의 데이터를 활용하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 대학의 특허경영전문가활용은 활용 대학이 미활용대학 대비 기술이전 및 기술이전수입이 높은 것으로 나타나 대학의 기술이전 활성화를 이루는데 있어 특허경영전문가 활용이 중요한 역할을 했다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 대학의 특허경영전문가활용기간이 길수록 기술이전 및 기술이전수입이 높아지는 것으로 나타나 사업의 효과를 더욱 극대화하기 위하여 기간을 연장할 수 있는 방안마련이 필요하다는 방향성을 도출할 수 있었다. 셋째, 특허경영전문가 파견연도(해당연도)에는 기술이전 및 기술이전이 높아지지 않은 반면, 파견연도 전후로 기술이전성과가 나타나 특허경영전문가 파견이 즉각적인 효과라기 보다는 후속적인 효과로 해석할 수 있었다. 그렇기 때문에 파견사업의 효과를 단순히 짧은기간에 한정시키지 말고, 장기적인 관점에서 기술이전전담조직을 활성화시켜야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to present the future directions for strengthening the TLO(Technology licensing office)s' expertise of universities by examining the impact on utilizing the university management experts for patents and technology transfer. To identify the specific effects of dispatching patent management experts, this study was conducted under various conditions, such as the dispatch status, the dispatching duration of patent management experts and the starting year of dispatching them. The data were analyzed by utilizing the data of the KIPSI's supporting program of dispatching the patent management expert to universities and the data of University Information Disclosure site. The data from a total of 110 four-year universities from 2008 to 2013 were used. According to the analysis result, the technology transfer's performance and technology transfer's income of universities of utilizing the patent management experts compared to universities not utilizing them appeared to be high. Technology transfer and technology transfer income appeared to be higher with a longer period of utilizing the patent management expert at university. This suggests that the direction is required to provide the plan for a longer period to maximize the effect of the program "The dispatching a patent management expert". The technology transfer's performance and technology transfer's income did not increase according to the year of dispatched the patent management expert at the university. A comparison of before and after dispatching, the technology transfer performance appeared to be high after dispatch. This suggests that the effects of dispatching the patent management experts at a university can be interpreted as a subsequent effect, rather than an immediate effect. Therefore, it does not simply limit the effectiveness of the dispatch business in the short term, but it needs to activate the technology transfer organization, such as a patent management expert in the long term.

본 연구에서는 기술이전성과의 영향요인에 관하여 선행연구들(국내 학술지 및 학위논문 52편)의 내용을 검토 분석하고 다양한 영향요인들을 이론적 배경을 기반으로 6개 상위요인과 13개 하위요인으로 정리하였다. 선행연구결과들을 메타분석으로 종합하여 기술이전성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 전체평균 효과크기를 산출해 내었고, 하위영향요인별 효과크기를 비교 검토하여 핵심영향요인을 식별해 내었다. 메타분석의 랜덤효과모형을 적용하여 산출한 평균효과크기(ESr)는 .269로서 중간효과크기에 해당하며, 하위요인분석을 통해 연구자 수, 전담조직, 보유기술, 그리고 외부협력이 핵심영향요인으로 도출되었다. 기술이전성과는 기술이전 건 수, 기술이전 수입금액, 기타 기술이전성과의 3가지 유형으로 구분하여 하위범주 수준에서의 메타분석을 통하여 각 유형별로 주요 영향요인들을 도출하였다. 논문유형과 자료유형에 대한 조절효과 여부를 분석하였으나 통계적으로 유의한 결과가 도출되지 않았다. 본 연구는 기술이전 사업화 프로세스 중 기술이전과정에 제한된 연구이므로 후속연구에서 기술사업화 영향요인 관련 연구의 추진이 필요하다.

In this study, we reviewed and analyzed the influencing factors of technology transfer performance in the previous studies (52 domestic journals and theses) and classified the various influencing factors into 6 top factors and 13 sub-factors based on the theoretical background. The study results of previous articles were analyzed by meta-analysis method so as to calculate the overall average effect size of influencing factors of technology transfer performance. As the result, the overall effect size (ESr) calculated through meta-analysis applying random effect model is .269, which corresponds to the medium effect size. By comparing effect sizes of influencing factors, the four(4) key influencing factors were also identified, which are 'number of researchers', 'dedicated organization', 'possess technology', and 'external cooperation'. The technology transfer performance are divided into three types: the number of technology transfers, technology transfer income, and other technology transfer performances. The major influencing factors of each type are derived through meta-analysis at the sub-category level. As moderator variables, the paper type and the data type were analyzed but no significant results were obtained. Since this research is limited to the technology transfer, it is necessary to carry out the study related to the influencing factors on the technology commercialization as following study.

본 연구는 R&D제휴에 있어서 흡수능력과 기술이전 성과에 영향을 미치는 변수들을 파악하는데 초점을 두었으며, 특히 기술 갭이 큰 기술열위 기업이 기술선도 기업과의 제휴를 통해 기술역량을 축적하는 과정에 연구중점을 두었다. 본 연구는 기술 열위기업이 기술 선도기업으로부터 새로운 기술을 흡수하는 데 있어서 영향을 미치는 핵심변수들을 파악하였다. 총 213개의 기술유닛을 대상으로 4개의 잠재변수그룹(기술특성, 제휴특성, 조직특성, 개인특성), 2개의 매개변수(개인적 흡수능력, 조직적 흡수능력), 그리고 6개의 잠재변수(교습성, 자산특정성, 상대방 기술보호, 관계자본, 정보공유시스템, 지식기반)로 구분하여 AMOS 통계모형을 이용한 구조방정식 모형으로 분석한 결과, 자산특정성 및 지식기반 잠재변수는 기술이전 성과에 영향력을 행사하였으며. 정보공유 및 지식기반 잠재변수는 개인적 흡수능력에 유의한 결과를 보였다. 또한 교습성과 관계자본 변수는 조직 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하였으며, 개인적 흡수능력이 높아질수록 조직 흡수능력이 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 개인적 자산인 지식기반은 기술이전 성과, 및 개인적 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하는 주요 변수로 확인되었으며, 교습성, 정보공유, 관계자본 변수는 성과에 직접적인 영향을 미치기 보다는 각각 매개변수인 개인적 흡수능력과 조직 흡수능력에 영향력을 행사하는 변수임이 확인되었다. 또한 높은 자산특정성은 경험이 일천한 기술 수용자의 경우 신기술 개발시 기술 이전 성과에 악영향을 초래할 수 있는 주요 변수임이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 개발경험이 일천한 후발자의 입장에서 전략적 제휴를 통해 선진 기술을 효과적으로 이전받아 장기적인 경쟁우위를 획득하는 데 있어서의 영향요인을 파악하는데 기여하였다. 본 연구는 지식기반과 흡수능력이 전략적 제휴를 통한 신기술 획득에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 강조하며, 특히 기존연구에서 간과하고 있는 개인적 지식기반 변수는 조직의 성과를 높이는데 상당히 중요한 요소라는 점을 확인하였다.

This study focused on the search of the factors which have an effect on the performances by absorptive capacity and technology transfer on R&D alliances. Especially, this study focuses on how student firms obtain the technology capability from the teacher firms in the huge technology gap with them. This study searched for the key factors which influence to the student firms for absorbing new technology from teacher firms. Additionally, this study emphasize on the personal knowledge base which differentiated with other studies. Many studies stressed personal capabilities in organization, but they didn't measure personal knowledge base which is one of the major factors influencing technology absorption from partners or competitors. Using the 213 aircraft technology units, this study analysed by Amos statistical software program for the structural equation modeling. This analysis constituted by 4 latent variable groups(which are technology characteristics, alliance characteristics, organizational characteristics, and personal characteristics), 2 intermediate variables(which are personal absorptive capacity and organizational absorptive capacity) and 1 dependent variable. The 4 latent variable groups are divided into 6 latent variables which are teachability, asset specificity(which are technology characteristics group), technology protection of partner, relation capital with partner(which are alliance characteristics group), information sharing system in organization(which is organizational characteristics group) and knowledge base(which is personal characteristics group). As the result, asset specificity and knowledge base variables influence on technological performance, and teachability and relation capital as well as technology sharing systems and knowledge base variables act on personal absorptive capacity and organizational absorptive capacity individually. For obtaining efficiently new technology from partners, student firms make an effort for diminishing asset specificity from the first level of alliance, recruiting manpower on majority base. For increasing for the personal absorptive capacity from the partners, student firms exert themselves building and utilizing information sharing system and recruiting manpower on majority base. Finally, for increasing for the organizational absorptive capacity from the partners, student firms endeavor building relation capital with partners and obtaining easily teachable technology from partners. This study emphases on the importances of knowledge base and absorptive capacity for gaining new technology by strategic alliances.