Earticle

최근 무선 센서 네트워크는 다양한 분야에 적용되고 있다. 무선 센서 네트워크는 안정적인 네트워크 설계 뿐만 아니라 보안이나, 군 그리고 병원의 응급 처리에도 적용되고 있다. 이러한 다양한 응용 중에서 어떤 침입자나 위기 상황이 발생했을 경우 이를 신속히 위치를 추적하는 방법이 아주 필수적인 연구 분야가 되고 있다. 이러한 방법을 측위라고 정의하고, 센서 노드의 전파범위를 기반으로 측위를 효율적으로 처리하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 측위를 위하여 필수적인 효율적인 클러스터링 방법과 알고리즘을 제안한다.

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks in many applications require not only efficient network design butalso broad aspects of security, military and health care for hospital. Among many applications of WSNs,target tracking is an essential research area in WSNs. We need to track a target quickly as well as findthe lost target in WSNs. In this paper, we propose an efficient target tracking method. We also propose anefficient clustering method and algorithm for target tracking.

본 연구는 경비원과 경찰, 일반 국민들까지도 긴급한 상황에서 호신 및 상황 해결 을 위하여 사용하고 있는 삼단봉과 관련하여 보다 안전하고 효율적인 사용에 대한 연구가 미비한 실정에서 이에 대한 보완점을 제시하고자 한다. 삼단봉을 사용하여 물체를 타격할 때 손에 전달되는 충격력으로부터 피해를 줄이 기 위한 삼단봉을 제안한다. 여기서 제안한 삼단봉은 삼단봉을 구성하는 봉 중에 손잡이 봉과 중간 봉 사이에 연결되는 부위에 탄성체를 끼워 설치함으로써 중간 봉 으로부터 전달되는 충격력을 완화 시켰다. 이를 검증하기 위해서 기존 삼단봉과 제안한 삼단봉을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 비교 분석한 결과, 본연구에서 제안한 삼단봉이 기존 삼단봉보다 손으로 전달되는 충격력이 줄어드는 것을 확인하였다.

This study intends to suggest a supplementary point in the situation where there is insufficient research on safer and more efficient use of the samdanbong, which is used by security guards, the police, and even the general public for self-defense and situation-solving in emergency situations. We propose a three-stage rod to reduce damage from the impact force transmitted to the hand when using the three-stage rod. The three-stage rod proposed here alleviates the impact force transmitted from the intermediate rod by inserting an elastic body into the portion connected between the handle rod and the intermediate rod among the rods constituting the three-stage rod. In order to verify this, as a result of comparative analysis of the existing triple rod and the proposed triple rod through computer simulation, it was confirmed that the impact force transmitted by hand in the triple rod proposed in this study was reduced compared to the existing triple rod.

본 연구는 튜터링 프로그램에 참여한 저소득층 청소년의 경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 자료수집은 2013년 6월부터 8월 중에 반구조화된 심층 인터뷰와 문서를 사용하여 실시하였으며, 9명의 청소년들이 참여하였다. 지속적 비교분석방법으로 분석한 결과 청소년들의 경험은 존중받는 나, 성장하는 나, 미래를 준비하는 나로 분석되었다. 튜터링을 통해 자아존중감과 학업성취도가 높아졌으며 사회적 관계에서 긍정적인 유대감을 형성할 수 있게 되었다. 참여자들은 진학과 진로에 대해 진지하게 고민하기 시작했으며, 튜터들을 닮고자 하는 마음에 장차 자신도 튜터가 되어 청소년들을 만나겠다는 목표를 세우고 준비하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study is to understand the experience of low-income youth participated tutoring program. From June to August 2013, semi-structured in-depth interviews with 9 youth and documents were used to collect data. Constant Comparative analysis of how young people experience and respected, and growing, preparing me for the future analysis. Self-esteem and academic achievement through tutoring has been increased positive social relationships was able to form a bond. Participants for further study and career began to worry seriously, like a tutor who come to resemble the tutor himself the goal is to meet the youth was found to be preparing to establish

The purpose of the study was to find the development of novice golfers' putting stroke technique. Twenty eight females(university students) were trained for 8 weeks and executed a putt as accurate as possible, in order to reach a target distance of 3m. Each golfer hit the ball 5 times repeatedly and the final position of the ball was marked in the data collecting paper for analyzing the characteristics of ball controlled. The results are listed below. During the first stroke, 90% of the strokes did not make the target position which is 60cm circle. Most of strokes were moved further than the target position. During the second stroke, the percentage of error was decreased about 75% of the total positions. At third stroke, the percentage of error was about 60% and the rest of them were the same. Based on 4 different quadrants, 1st quadrant was about 43.6% and 2nd quadrant was about 33.9%. When the novice golfers did the putting strokes, they hit the ball strongly and made the clubface opened and closed.

시각적 메시지는 여러 분야에서 우리에게 전달된다. 회화의 그림에서부터 영상 분야의 사진 스틸과 비디오, 상품의 광고, 그리고 요즈음 경쟁이 치열한 스마트폰까지 점차 그 영역이 확대되고 있다. 그리고 이 시각적 메시지들은 우리에게 보여지기 위하여 정해진 틀의 크기(size) 안에서 시각적 메시지를 담고 있다. 이 틀이 프레임(Frame)이다. 즉, 시각적 메시지는 프레임이라는 틀 안에서 담겨지고 있는 것이다. 그렇다면 이 프레임이라는 구성 틀 안에 담겨지고 있는 시각 메시지가 프레임이라는 틀에 의해 어떻게 우리의 시각적 감각기관에 영향을 주는 것인가에 대하여 궁금해진다. 그래서 본 연구는 우리가 지각하는 시각 메시지가 어떻게 프레임에 의해 전달되는지 프레임의 역할과 가치에 관하여 살펴보는데 그 의의가 있다. 그것을 위해 우선, 메시지를 담아내는 프레임에 대한 이론적 접근이 필요할 것이다. 그리고 그 프레임을 구성하고 있는 요소들과 우리의 신체가 시각적으로 받아들이는 요소들에 대한 심리적·철학적·시각적·메커니즘에 따른 접근이 필요할 것이다. 아울러 시각 메시지의 전달을 위해 프레임의 구성 요소와 시각적 인지 습득 요소들 간에는 차이가 없는지도 살펴 볼 필요가 있을 것이다. 이렇게 함으로써 시각 메시지를 구성하는 프레임의 가치에 대한 내용을 학문적 이론에 의한 프레임의 재해석과 더불어 기계적인 프레임의 생산 요소와 과정을 알아보고자 한다. 그리고 시각적 종합 구성 요소 중, 카메라에 의한 프레임의 구성 요소도 함께 살펴본다.

Visual messages are delivered to us in many fields. Its territory is gradually expanding from paintings, still cuts from visual media video, advertisement of the product, and to competitive smart phones. And these visual messages carry visual messages in sizes of the fixed form in order to be seen to us. This form is a frame. In other words, visual messages are contained in a form called as frame. Then a question of how these visual messages in a composition form called frame affect visual sensory organs of people arises. The significance of this study is to find out roles and values of frame how visual messages that we perceive are delivered by the frame. Above all, theoretical approach to frame that carries messages is needed. Psychological, philosophical, and visual approaches on factors that compose the frame and factors that our body observes visually are required. Also its is important to examine if there is any difference between composition factors of the frame and acquisition factors of visual recognition in order to deliver visual messages. This study will inquire contents about values of a frame that composes visual messages along with reinterpretation of frame with an academic theory and production factors and process of a mechanical frame. In addition, component of the frame according to a camera will be looked into.

본 연구는 Lavelle과 McMahan, Harris(2009)의 대상유사성 모형(target similarity model)에 기반해 종업원의 자원지각이 자긍심 발달을 거쳐 몰입을 야기하는 매개과정을 조직과 직무차원으로 각각 구분해서 살펴보았다. 대기업 종업원(746명)을 대상으로 매개모형을 분석한 결과, 조직차원과 직무차원 각각에서 대상유사성 효과에 해당하는 간접효과가 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났고, 누출효과(spillover effect)에 해당하는 교차경로를 포함한 매개효과는 모두 유의하지 않았다. 다음으로 간접효과 간 차이비교를 통해 지각된 조직지원이 조직기반 자긍심을 거칠 때 과업특정적 자긍심을 거치는 경우보다 효과가 유의하게 더 강한 것으로 나타났고, 직무차원에서는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 각 검증에서 구조방정식모형 프로그램인 MPLUS를 사용하여 Bootstraping을 통한 효과크기들의 신뢰구간을 추정하였으며 관련 시사점과 제한점을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of two self-esteem (organization-based self-esteem: OBSE; task-specific self-esteem: TSSE) in predicting two types of employee commitment (job involvement, organizational commitment) based on the framework of Lavelle, McMahan and Harris(2009)’s target similarity model. A sample of 746 south korean employees were participated in this study and data were analyzed by MPLUS 6.12. The main results are as follows. First, the indirect effects reflecting target similarity effect were supported, but another indirect effects which reflect spillover effect between two dimensions was not. Second, the result of comparison between target similarity effect and spillover effect, which has same predictor and criterion but different mediator in each dimensions, was significant in organization domain, but not in job domain. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.

Chronic pain after spinal surgery, which is called failed back syndrome, is known as chronic pain developing or increasing in intensity after surgery that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months following spinal surgery. This type of pain remains challenging to treat with medications and interventions including conventional spinal cord stimulation (SCS) particularly when it involves intractable axial pain. Recently, Differential Target Multiplexed (DTM) SCS has been introduced, which is a new stimulation paradigm with the aim of modulating glial cells and neurons to rebalance their interactions. DTM SCS has been mainly applied to patients with low back and lower extremity pain, and its use in cervical or upper extremity pain has been rarely reported. In this report, we present a case of DTM SCS, which successfully treat the patient with intractable chronic cervical axial pain after cervical spinal surgery.

현재 우리나라에는 전체 국토면적의 11.57%가 보호지역으로 관리가 되고 있다. 하지만 2020년까지 17%를 달성해야 하는 Aichi Target 11에는 미치지 못하는 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구는 조류, 포유류, 양서류, 파충류, 어류 의 멸종위기종을 보호하고자 한다면 어떤 지역들이 중요한지를 정량적인 분석을 통해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 은 보전지역 선정지원 도구인 MARXAN을 이용하여 전국을 대상으로 100번 반복실행하여 여러 번 선택된 지역들 을 보전 우선순위 지역으로 선정하였으며, 선정된 지역의 토지피복을 분석하였다. 연구결과 기존 보호지역 주변이 멸종위기종을 보호하는데 효과적인 지역으로 나타났으며, 토지피복은 기존 보호지역에 비해 농경지, 담수지역에서 우선순위 지역이 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 멸종위기종보호를 위해 우선하여 보호가 필요한 지역을 찾을 수 있었 다. 앞으로 더 많은 멸종위기 생물종 보호에서 나아가 국가 생물다양성 보전 목표 수립 및 달성하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Protected areas in South Korea have occupies 11.57% of the total terrestrial areas. However, it is not enough to meet the Aichi Target 11, which should reach 17% by 2020. This study tried to find the areas to protect the endangered species of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fishes. We used MARXAN as the decision support software for conservation prioritization by 100 times. We found the priority areas for conserving the species and analyzed the land cover. The results show that the present protected areas were effective to protect the endangered species. The priority areas in the agricultural areas and freshwater were increased compared to the present protected areas. This study has significance for finding the priority areas in order to conserve the endangered species in South Korea. Furthermore, this study can be utilized to establish and achieve the national biodiversity conservation targets as well as the protection of more endangered species.

Issues in spectrum allocation between wireless network users have arisen due to the fast increase in the number of broadband services. Such issues include the failure to maximize the performance of all users by considering only a particular category of users. Specifically, a previously adopted selfish algorithm for spectrum allocation considers only the performance of the weakest user. To resolve this issue, we propose a new target data rate setting algorithm for dynamic spectrum allocation. In this algorithm, a Gaussian process regression model is trained to predict the target data rate. All users that perform below the defined target rate will have their frequency band allocations changed to one that guarantees a better performance. Through simulations, we show that the maximum data rate achieved by the weakest user in our algorithm is 121.7% higher than the selfish algorithm.

We propose a method for optimizing multiple-drone pursuers’ performance in handling attacks from Kamikaze multiple-drone evaders on a battlefield. The central aspect of this problem is to minimize damage produced by evaders towards a defended area guarded by multiple-pursuers. We propose a communication strategy among pursuers where each pursuer can communicate with each other to decide which evaders should be chased and immobilized by each pursuer. We simulate the proposed method in a dynamic 3D environment. The simulation results conclude that our proposed method performs better than the commonly used algorithm for solving this kind of problem.

In this paper, we investigate the tracking of the 3D moving target when multiple measurements are available. We propose a particle filter-based 3D target tracking algorithm with measurement of time difference of arrival (TDoA), frequency difference of arrival (FDoA), and angle of arrival (AoA). We analyze the performance of the proposed scheme by MATLAB simulations and show the efficiency of the particle filter for 3D moving target tracking with various types of measurements.

In this paper, a sparsity-aware hybrid target localization method in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) radars from time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements is proposed. This method provides a maximum likelihood estimate of target position by employing compressive sensing techniques. A blockwise approach is addressed in order to achieve better accuracy for a constant computational complexity. The mismatch problem due to grid discretization is also tackled by a dictionary learning technique. The Cramer-Rao lower bound for this model is derived as a benchmark. Numerical simulations are included to corroborate the theoretical developments.

The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized SMT (smart monitor target) game interface for game users who enjoy airsoft sports as individual purchases of SMT have increased since the advent of the untouched era. For this study, the UX (user experience) of the game interface was designed based on previous research. In particular, the personalized game service was reinforced by adding the CP (command post) of the SMT system that performs the home function of the console game, which was intended to help the user maintain immersed in the game in the personalized space of the SMT. Major design elements for the SMT game interface included layout, color, graphics, buttons, and text, and the interface design was proceeded based on them. After composing a grid with a layout in which the tab function was applied to the interface with a vertical three-segment structure and the outer margin value secured, the military camouflage pattern and texture were applied to the colored tone to perform graphics work. Targets and thumbnails were produced as illustrations using experts to ensure the consistency of the interface, and then function buttons and texts on each page were used concisely for intuitive information delivery. The design sources organized in this way were developed using the Unity engine. In the future, we hope that game user-centered personalized interfaces will continue to develop and provide differentiated services unique to SMT systems in the airsoft gun market.

Regularities in the learning environment allow us to make predictions and guide behavior. Growing evidence of location probability learning (LPL) demonstrates that the statistical regularity of target locations affects spatial attention allocation. However, existing studies on LPL mostly focus on learning in adults. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of LPL, we investigated the effect of target location probability on visual search in children aged 5 to 9 years compared to adults. Both children and adults responded faster when the target appeared in the high probability “rich” quadrant than in the low probability “sparse” quadrants of the search space. Importantly, the magnitude of the bias was constant across participants of various ages and not dependent on individual differences in executive functions. These results provide novel evidence that implicit statistical learning of target locations occurs early in development and remains stable until early adulthood and this is a distinct developmental pattern from learning of explicit goal-driven spatial attention.

There have been numerous applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to online advertising, especially to optimize the reach of target audiences. Previous studies show that improved computational power significantly advances granular audience targeting capabilities. This study investigates and classifies various machine learning techniques that are used to enhance targeted online advertising. Twenty-three machine learning-based online targeted advertising strategies are identified and classified largely into two categories, user-centric and content-centric approaches. The paper also identifies an underexamined area, algorithm-based detection of click frauds, to illustrate how machine learning approaches can be integrated to preserve the viability of online advertising.

Using the simultaneous-sequential presentation search paradigm, we investigated how different types of load manipulation would tap into attentional resources and the concrete mechanism by which search would be performed. Search display perceptual load was manipulated by set-size and target-distractor similarity. The benefit of sequential presentation was larger when the load was increased by number of search items than when target-distractor discrimination was made more demanding. Considering that the load effect could be result from both perceptual load and statistical decision noise, the current results are explained by suggesting that set-size will determine whether the search process will be serial or parallel, regardless of perceptual difficulty. Factors that can set the limit of attentional resources are also discussed.

Within the broader context of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), the quest for reliable and scalable visual segmentation methods poses significant challenges, particularly in autonomous driving, where real-world scene complexity requires advanced solutions. To address data scarcity and improve segmentation performance, we propose a novel unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) approach that enhances target domain learning. Our method introduces multiple perturbations consistency, leveraging spatial context within the target domain to improve recognition. By applying perturbations at input and feature levels and using a consistency loss, we enhance contextual learning. Additionally, a weight mapping technique reduces the impact of detrimental source domain information. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms baseline methods on the GTAV->Cityscapes and SYNTHIA->Cityscapes datasets.