Earticle

환경 문제와 에너지 절약을 위해 세계 각국이 전기차 생산에 박차를 가하고 있다. 지금까지 전기차 배터리에 관한 연구는 많았지만, 배터리 의 공급사슬관리 방안에 관한 연구는 미약했다. 전기차 생산에서 안정적인 배터리의 공급은 매우 중요하며, 지속 가능한 원자재 공급사슬의 구 축은 매우 시급한 과제이다. 희귀자원인 배터리 원자재의 시장 변동성이 높고 공급이 불안정할 수 있기 때문이다. 원활한 배터리 공급은 전기 차 가격을 낮추어 경쟁력을 높인다. 또한, 배터리의 품질은 전기차의 주행 거리, 충전시간 등에 직접적인 영향을 미치며 전기차 및 에너지 저장 시스템의 안전성과 성능을 보장한다. 환경규제가 점차 강화되며 폐배터리의 재사용과 재활용도 중요해지고 있다. 전기차 배터리 공급사슬에 존재하는 다양한 위험 요인이 공급사슬 전반에 영향을 미치게 되는 것이다. 한편, 최근 몇 년 동안 인공지능 기술과 딥러닝 기반의 자연어 처리기술이 급속도로 발전함에 따라 챗봇은 이전보다 더 유용하고 자연스러 운 대화를 제공하게 되었다. ChatGTP가 대표적이라 할 수 있다. ChatGPT의 사용은 출시 이후 지속해서 증가하여 현재 약 1억 명의 사용자를 확보하고 있으며, 다양한 전문 분야에서 인간 수준에 근접하는 성과를 보였다. 본 연구는 ChatGPT 3.5를 사용하여 전기차 배터리의 공급사슬 관리를 위한 핵심이슈와 해결방안을 도출하는 것이 목적이다. 프롬프트 엔지니어링 기법을 사용하여 유용한 질문을 찾고 ChatGTP로부터 답 변을 얻는다. 답변하지 못하거나, 답변이 의심스러운 경우에는 문헌 고찰을 통해 검증절차를 거친다. 이를 통해 ChatGPT의 유용성을 확인하고자 한다.

Countries around the world are ramping up electric vehicle production to address environmental issues and promote energy conservation. The key component in electric vehicles production is the stable battery supply. While there has been extensive research on electric vehicle battery development, there has been limited focus on supply chain management strategies. One of the most pressing issues in battery supply chain management is the establishment of a sustainable raw material supply chain. Battery raw materials are rare resources, leading to high market volatility and supply instability. Ensuring a smooth battery supply chain reduces electric vehicle prices, enhancing competitiveness. Battery quality directly impacts electric vehicle range, charging time, as well as the safety and performance of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Various risk factors within the electric vehicle battery supply chain can affect the entire supply chain. With increasingly stringent battery environmental regulations, recycling and reuse of used batteries have gained importance. Meanwhile, in recent years artificial intelligence and deep learning-based natural language processing technologies have rapidly advanced, making chatbots more useful and capable of natural conversations. One prominent and successful chatbot is ChatGPT. Since its launch, ChatGPT has gained a user base of up to 100 million users and demonstrated human-level performance in various domains. This study aims to utilize ChatGPT 3.5 to identify key issues and solutions related to supply chain management for electric vehicle batteries. Relevant questions are posed, and answers are obtained from ChatGPT using the prompt engineering technique. Any unanswered or doubtful information is cross-referenced through literature review. From this, we confirm the usefulness of Chat GPT

Considering the supply system and operating cost of enterprises which are in the supply chain as the main index, this paper establishes a supply chain evaluation model, and utilizes Arena building stimulation model of the supply chain which considers manufacturing enterprises as the core of supply chain. This model designs a generic simulation model of the supply chain including multi-level distributors and suppliers. And the model analyzes a representative example of business process, one of the enterprises in Shandong.

프로젝트 기반의 공급망관리는 입찰 및 수주, 협력업체의 선정, 계약체결부터 시작하여 프로젝트 진행을 위한 협력업체와의 지속적 통합 등 다양한 활동이 포함된다. 본 연구는 최근 플랜트 엔지니어링 산업에 확산되고 있으나 심도깊은 연구와 분석이 미진한 공급망관리의 개념과 주요 이슈에 대한 논의를 담고 있다. 프로젝트 공급망관리의 도입과 운영을 위해 필요한 전제조건으로 기술적 인프라, 사회적 인프라 그리고 공급망 참여기업들을 연결시키는 정보시스템 등을 제시하고, 각 영역별로 관련 선행연구들의 주요 결과와 앞으로 연구가 필요한 이슈에 대해 논의한다.

Supply chain management for complex project focuses on planning acquisitions, identifying and choosing the right suppliers and subcontractors, planning and negotiating appropriate contracts, and administering and closing contracts. Working with suppliers and subcontractors requires continuous integration activities during project execution. This article examines the concept and issues concerning supply chain management in plant engineering Project, of which has not been taken seriously by industry. We propose the technological infra, social infra and information system connecting all participants in supply chain, as the major fields of research requiring industry attentions, and give a brief summary of research in each proposed areas.

본 연구는 플랜트 엔지니어링 산업에 속하는 대기업들의 공급망관리 도입과 운영에 대한 문제점을 살펴보고 이를 개선하기 위한 기본틀을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 관련 자료의 축적을 위한 사례연구결과, EPC 형태의 사업운영과 더불어 프로젝트 관련 결정의 조정능력 및 정보공유 부족, 적절한 위험 및 변화시스템의 부재 등은 납기지연 및 예산 초과로 이어진 다는 것도 알 수 있게 되었다. 공급망의 정보화는 경쟁력 제고와 직결되므로, EPC 프로젝트 공급망의 협업관련 정보화와 정보공유 수준을 살펴보기 위해 공급망을 구성하는 협력업체에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 통계적 분석결과, 정보공유, 디자 인과 설계활동의 조기참여 및 SCM에 대한 인식은 공급망 상의 협업에 긍정적 영향을 미치나 협력업체의 정보화나 평가는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에도 설계 및 엔지니어링, 조달, 시공의 여러 부문을 통합하는데 기여할 수 있는 프로젝트 공급망관리 모형을 제안했으며 이를 통해 몇 가지 실무적 시사점도 기술하였다.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the issues related to the supply chain management in plant engineering industry, and propose the framework to improve the project efficiency. The preliminary case study shows that EPC’s fragmented nature, lack of coordination and information sharing, and lack of proper risk and change management contribute to project delay and cost overrun. To examine the level of informatization and information sharing in supply chain, survey responses from the suppliers and subcontractors have been collected. The statistical results show that information sharing, early involvement in design process and awareness in SCM have influenced the level of collaboration, but supplier assessment and informatization have no impact on the collaboration. A conceptual model is proposed in order to facilitate the integration of design, procurement and construction functions. Implications from the study are also provided.

채찍효과(Bullwhip Effect)는 공급사슬 상류로 갈수록 수요 변동성이 증폭되는 현상으로, 재고 비효율성 과 운영비용 증가를 초래한다. 본 연구는 유통센터 지역 수요 커버리지(Local Density)와 채찍효과의 크기 간의 연관성을 실증적으로 분석한다. 본 연구에서 Local Density는 그래프 이론의 밀도 개념이 아니라 유통센터 서비 스 권역 내 잠재 고객 대비 최근 13주 활성 고객 비율로 정의한다. 한국 B2B 식품 유통회사의 2개 유통센터에서 수집한 357만 건의 도매 거래 데이터(2021-2024년)를 분석한 결과, 고밀도 센터의 평균 BWE가 저밀도 센터보다 2.08배 낮았다(1.76 vs 3.66, p<.001). 패널 회귀분석 결과, 로컬 밀도는 BWE와 유의한 음의 연관성(β=-.74, p<.001)을, 재고 흐름 속도 변동성은 양의 연관성(β=+.49, p<.05)을 보였다. 본 연구는 Local Density와 BWE 간 통계적 연관성을 제시하고, 유통 네트워크 설계에 대한 실무적 시사점을 제공한다. 다만 본 연구는 동일 기업 내 2개 센터를 대상으로 한 관찰연구이므로 결과는 인과효과가 아니라 통계적 연관성으로 해석한다.

The bullwhip effect (BWE) refers to the amplification of demand variability as orders propagate upstream in a supply chain, resulting in inventory inefficiencies and increased operational costs. This study empirically examines the association between local demand coverage (Local Density) and the bullwhip effect. In this study, Local Density is defined as the ratio of active customers to potential customers within a distribution center’s service area, which differs from graph-theoretic density based on realized links over possible links. Analyzing 3.57 million wholesale transactions from two Korean B2B food distribution centers (2021-2024), we found that the high-density center exhibited a mean BWE 2.08 times lower than the low-density center (1.76 vs 3.66, p<.001). Panel regression analysis revealed that Local Density was significantly and negatively associated with BWE (β=-.74, p<.001), while inventory flow speed variability was positevely associated (β=+.49, p<.05). This study provides empirical evidence of a statistical association between Local Density and demand signal distortion, offering practical implications for distribution network design. Because this is an observational study based on two centers within a single firm, the findings should be interpreted as statistical associations rather than causal effects.

오늘날 급변하는 경영 환경에서 공급망의 효율성을 제고하는 것은 기업이 경쟁 우위를 유지하는데 있어 핵심적인 요소이다. 이러한 배경을 바탕으로 본 연구는 정보 공유, 몰입 수준, 공급망 민첩성 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 이들이 공급망 성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 공급망을 구축한 한국 기업들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 총 300부의 응답을 수집하여 통계 분석에 활용하였다. 가설 검증 은 SPSS 23.0과 AMOS 23.0을 사용하여 수행되었다. 분석 결과, 정보 공유는 몰입 수준에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 몰입 수준은 공급망 민첩성 과 공급망 성과 모두에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 공급망 민첩성 역시 공급망 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것 으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 정보 공유, 몰입 수준, 공급망 민첩성이 공급망 성과에 미치는 영향을 통합적으로 고찰함으로써 학문적 시 사점을 제공하는 동시에, 글로벌 공급망 환경에서 한국 기업들이 경쟁력을 유지하기 위한 전략적 방향성을 제시함으로써 실무적 시사점도 함 께 제안한다.

In today's rapidly changing business environment, enhancing supply chain efficiency is a crucial factor in maintaining a company's competitive advantage. Based on this background, this study examines the relationships among information sharing, commitment level, and supply chain agility, and how these factors ultimately affect supply chain performance. To achieve this objective, a survey was conducted targeting Korean companies that have established supply chains. A total of 300 responses were collected and used for statistical analysis. Hypothesis testing was performed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The results revealed that information sharing has a positive (+) effect on commitment level, and commitment level has a significant positive (+) effect on both supply chain agility and supply chain performance. Additionally, supply chain agility was found to have a positive (+) impact on supply chain performance. Therefore, this study not only provides theoretical implications by integrating the effects of information sharing, commitment level, and supply chain agility on supply chain performance, but also offers practical implications by suggesting strategic directions for Korean companies to maintain competitiveness in the global supply chain environment.

많은 중소기업이 Smart Factory를 구축할 때 기업 내·외부의 환경변화나 구성원들의 역량 등 기업이 처해있는 상황에 대한 충분한 고려 없이 구축하고 있다. 그래서 구축 후 활용도와 효과도 낮다. 본 연구는 ‘중소기업의 환경요인과 흡수역량을 통한 Smart Factory 구축’을 실증연구를 통하여 검증해 보는 것이다. 설문은 Smart Factory를 구축한 중소기 업에서 관련 업무를 하는 인원에게 받았다. 연구결과는, 첫째, 기업 내·외부의 환경요인은 기업 내부의 흡수역량에 긍정적 인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 기업 내부의 흡수역량은 Smart Factory 구축에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 위의 입증을 통해서 중소기업에서 Smart Factory를 구축할 때 기업의 내·외부 환경요인과 흡수역량을 바탕으로 Smart Factory 핵심영역을 구축하면 효과적이라는 것이 입증되었다. 향후는 Smart Factory 구축성과의 연구를 하고자 한다.

Many small and medium-sized enterprises are deploying Smart Factory without due consideration of the circumstances in which the entity is in or outside of the entity, such as environmental changes and the capabilities of its members. Therefore, utilization and effectiveness are also low after deployment. This study verifies 'the establishment of a Smart Factory through the environmental factors and absorption capabilities of small businesses' through empirical research. The survey was received by people working for small and medium-sized companies that have established Smart Factory. The results of the study showed that first, environmental factors within and outside the company had a positive effect on the absorption capacity within the company. Second, the absorption capacity within a company has had a positive effect on the deployment of a Smart Factory. Based on the above proof, it has been proved to be effective if the core areas of the Smart Factory are built on the basis of the company's internal and external environmental factors and absorption capabilities when constructing Smart Factory in small businesses. In the future, we will study the achievements of smart factory construction.

블록체인의 활용이 금융서비스 등에서 우선적으로 진행되고 있고, 중소기업 분야의 경우 블록체인의 활용도와 효과 성이 높은 분야로 거론된다. 본 연구에서는 중소기업에 블록체인을 적용했을 때 나타날 수 있는 효과성에 대해서 확인하고 적용 시 우선적으로 필요한 법제적 및 정책적 과제를 살펴보기 위한 논문이다. 이는 관련 주제를 함께 다룸으로서 그 도입 에 대한 당위성을 알아보기 쉽게 하기 위함이다. 선행연구의 부족으로 다양한 논문과 보고서를 참고하였으며, 공급사슬관 리 최적화, 서류작업의 간략화, 제품 생산성 향상, 자금 흐름 원활화 등의 긍정적 효과가 나타날 수 있다는 것을 확인했다. 또한 전자거래기본법, 전자상거래법, 전자금융거래법, 개인정보보호법에 관한 법제적 보완의 필요성을 확인했으며, 플랫폼 개발, 중소기업 대상 교육 제도, 거래 표준화 지침, 세금 감면 정책, 블록체인 연구 개발을 위한 정책적 보완의 필요성을 확인하였다. 향후 보다 광범위한 실무적인 연구와 구체적인 차원의 개별 법률 연구가 필요하다.

It is necessary to look into multiple subjects, such as effectiveness, laws and polices of blockchain in order to easily accept blockchain technology in small and mid-sized enterprises(SME). This study analyzes the positive effects of applying the block chain to SMEs, examines the laws and policies required to apply them, and identifies the tasks. As a result, we confirmed that it can create positive effects such as optimizing supply chain management, simplifying import and export process documents, improving product quality, facilitating flow of funds, and improving transaction reliability. Also, we confirmed that it is necessary to improve the basic law of electronic transaction, electronic commerce law, electronic financial transaction law, personal information protection legislation, and needs policy supplement for platform development, education system for SMEs, transaction standardization guidelines, tax reduction policy, and block chain research and development. More extensive practical research and specific individual legal studies are needed in the future.

Now, many studies of industrial field are focusing on the whole optimization of SCM. But, the reason for making simultaneity of the whole system of SCM difficult is reduced scale of studies on ordering area in SCM reducing the complexity. It's an important issue how to allocate orders in the environment of many suppliers under special situation. Through this thesis, this research intends to expect systematic and arranged supply of distribution area which can make a decision while allocating product orders and quantity and maintaining service standard suggested by minimizing total purchase costs.

본 연구는 상황론적 관점에서 효과적인 정보공유와 시스템통합이 기업성과에 미치는 영향요소에 대해 이론적 모델을 제시하고 실증분석을 위한 명제를 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 본 연구에서는 기업의 정보공유에 영향을 주는 대표적인 3가지의 상황요소를 제시하였는데, 각각 권력거리, 신뢰 그리고 채널 구조이다. 이를 바탕으로 이러한 상황요소들이 어떻게 기업이 가지고 있는 정보공유와 시스템통합과 기업성과간의 관계를 조절하는지 분석하고 이론적 모델과 명제를 제시하였다. 그 결과 상황요소를 고려한 3가지 유형의 통합적 효과를 제시하였다: 1) No Information Sharing & No System Coordination, 2) Partial/ Full Information Sharing & No System Coordination, 3) Full Information Sharing & System Coordination. 본 논문은 정보공유가 기업성과에 기여하기 위해서는 기업내외부에 존재하는 상황적 요소와 정보공유 및 시스템 통합의 유형간의 적절성이 중요함을 시사하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 차후 연구를 제시하였다.

The current study explores the effectiveness of information sharing and system coordination in a supply chain from the contingency perspective. This study suggests three contingency variables, power difference, trust, and channel structure. We have developed a theoretical framework and propositions linking information sharing and system coordination to firm performance with key moderating factors. The paper argues that the fit between the suggested contingency variables and the type of information sharing and system coordination would bring superior performance to both suppliers and buyers. The implications and future research issues are discussed.

The Regulation for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) requires high-level chemical information which could be confidential for producers, so systematic information management is necessary. The purpose of supply chain management in REACH should be efficient compliance with REACH regulation based on systematic management of information within the supply chain. Information management along the extended supply chain due to the REACH regulation, that is, the generation, transfer, and sharing of information in order to enhance risk management, is essential for efficient compliance with REACH, which requires a systematic approach with various supply chain partners. In this regard, the IT system of a company can be an efficient tool for internal REACH information management and can serve as a channel for sharing information with various partners in the supply chain.

Supply chains for agricultural commodities with their various constraints such as production lead time, seasonal production, and methods of storage are limited in the extent to which techniques like Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management can be applied. It is beyond the ability of producers to control harvest time and many agricultural products are perishable so that they can incur exceptional losses in storage if they are not handled correctly. This is a source of additional costs and inefficiency in supply chain management. The purpose of this study is to reduce or eliminate such sources of loss and inefficiency and to identify success factors for the JIT inventory management system where it can be applied for agricultural products. Where JIT techniques can be applied in supply chain management for agricultural products, costs such as transportation, inventory, and storage losses can be reduced with concurrent increases in efficiency. In the paper, some of the problems associated with applying JIT inventory control methods in supply chain management for agricultural commodities will be reported through a series of case studies.

Supply chains for agricultural commodities with their various constraints such as production lead time, seasonal production, and methods of storage are limited in the extent to which techniques like Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory management can be applied. It is beyond the ability of producers to control harvest time and many agricultural products are perishable so that they can incur exceptional losses in storage if they are not handled correctly. This is a source of additional costs and inefficiency in supply chain management. The purpose of this study is to reduce or eliminate such sources of loss and inefficiency and to identify success factors for the JIT inventory management system where it can be applied for agricultural products. Where ]IT techniques can be applied in supply chain management for agricultural products, costs such as transportation, inventory, and storage losses can be reduced with concurrent increases in efficiency. In the paper, some of the problems associated with applying ]IT inventory control methods in supply chain management for agricultural commodities will be reported through a series of case studies.

With the usage of technologies like the Internet of Things and Cloud, spanning across the spectrum of manufacturing, production and distribution, typical supply chain management (SCM) systems rely on a multitude of services for support. The aim of this paper is to present an integrated system microservice architecture and implementation, consuming and semantically annotating data feeds from online systems, while performing post-processing tasks such as supply chain monitoring, goods location analysis and estimated delays. Suitable application code programmed through intuitive workflow-programming based structures is also injected while the approach is validated through a set of deployment scenarios.

By successful establishment of SCM(Supply Chain Management) System they should make the supply chains speedy and combine production information system with the outcome system and thus they reinforce the competition of the production system of local enterprises in accordance with the rapid decision making This study is to develop the most appropriate production system models through the reflection of JIT system in the SCM which is the necessity of the times and its importance. To achieve this goal the researcher diversifies the prerequisites for the success of the business which will be the strategical factors of the production systems. The objects of this study is to develop the most appropriate production system models and to provide the enterprises with the models which are based on the SCM.

In supply chain management, coordination between a manufacture and suppliers Is regarded as the most important issue when partnership of organizations of considered. This paper Introduces the current status of SCM in terms of physical systems, relation with other solution systems as well as the general history and definitions of SCM. Researches are categorized into deterministic, stochastic, and several future research areas are discussed in the paper.

By successful establishment of SCM(Supply Chain Management) System they should make the supply chains speedy and combine production information system with the outcome system and thus they reinforce the competition of the production system of local enterprises in accordance with the rapid decision making This study is to develop the most appropriate production system models through the reflection of JIT system in the SCM which is the necessity of the times and its importance. To achieve this goal the researcher diversifies the prerequisites for the success of the business which will be the strategical factors of the production systems. The objects of this study is to develop the most appropriate production system models and to provide the enterprises with the models which are based on the SCM.