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신･재생에너지는 지구의 화석에너지원 고갈과 화석연료에 의한 지구온난화의 주요 원인인 온실가스의 배출 억제를 위하여 범 세계적으로 추진하고 있는 에너지 자원이라고 할 수 있다. 특히 태양광 발전은 신･재생에너지 확대의 중요한 축을 담당하고 있는바, 태양광 발전의 가장 큰 특징은 친환경적이며 에너지원이 무한하다는 장점이 있다. 태양광은 태양의 핵융합 반응에 의해 막대한 에너지를 지속적으로 발생하여 반영구적인 에너지원이 되고 있다. 그러나 태양광 발전에 대한 법적인 문제점으로는 첫째, 태양광 발전 시설의 설치에 따른 부지 확보 문제와 입지, 그리고 이격거리 문제이다. 둘째, 태양광 발전 시설의 설치로 인한 난개발 문제와 산사태 발생 등의 문제이다. 셋째, 태양광 발전 시설의 설치로 인한 일조권 침해, 눈부심, 조망권 침해 등의 문제이다. 넷째, 태양광 발전의 경제성 등의 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 태양광 발전에 대한 법적 개선방안으로 첫째, 태양광 발전 시설의 입지환경의 적정성 확보이다. 태양광 발전은 우선적으로 햇빛이 안정적으로 확보되어야 한다. 태양광 시설의 주거지역과 도로 등에 대한 이격거리는 각 지방자 치단체마다 다르게 규정되어 있으므로 규제완화와 통일적인 이격거리 규정이 필요하다. 둘째, 태양광 발전과 개발행위허가의 적정성 확보이다. 태양광 발전 시설의 설치 시 개발행위 허가는 국토계획법에 적합해야 하고, 실제적으로 지방자치단체의 조례에 적합해야 한다. 따라서 조례 규정의 다양성으로 인한 혼란과 민원방지를 위한 통일적인 규정도 필요하다. 셋째, 태양광 발전과 관련된 일조권, 조망권 등의 확보이다, 만일, 태양광 발전소가 주변 건축 물 등으로 인하여 일조량이 감소하거나 발전량이 줄어들 경우, 또는 태양광 시설로 인한 일조권, 조망권 침해에 대한 대응과 손해배상청구 등 구제가 필요하다 넷째, 태양광 발전의 경제성이 확보되어야 한다. 태양광 발전의 수익성을 유지하기 위해서는 태양광 발전의 전 과정이 순조로워야 한다. 즉, 태양광 발전을 위한 기획단계에서 인ㆍ허가단계, 시공 그리고 경영과 관리에 이르기까지 전방위적으로 원활해야 하며 수익성 확보와 정부의 지원 책도 필요하다. 결국, 태양광 발전의 순기능 향상과 향후 발전을 위해서는 우선적으로, 태양광 발전의 입지환 경 조성과 조건이 유리해야 하며, 태양광 발전을 위한 원활한 허가절차와 규제완화 및 법적 효과 가 충족되어야 한다. 그리고 태양광 발전으로 인한 일조권, 조망권, 재산권, 환경권 등 국민의 기본권 향유와 태양광 발전의 경제성 확보 및 향후 발전 방안이 요구된다.

New and renewable energy is a global energy source being promoted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a major cause of global warming caused by fossil fuels and the depletion of fossil fuel-related energy sources. In particular, solar power generation plays a key role in the expansion of new and renewable energy sources. Its most significant advantages are its environmental friendliness and its infinite energy source. Solar power continuously generates massive amounts of energy through nuclear fusion reactions in the sun, making it a semipermanent energy source. However, legal issues surrounding solar power generation include: first, securing land for solar power generation facilities, location, and distance from the facility; second, overdevelopment and landslides caused by solar power generation facilities; and third, concerns about the economic feasibility of solar power generation due to the installation of solar power facilities. Therefore, this paper proposes legal improvements for solar power generation. First, securing the appropriate location of solar power facilities is crucial. Solar power generation requires stable access to sunlight. The distance between solar power facilities and residential areas and roads varies across local governments, requiring deregulation and unified distance regulations. Second, ensuring the appropriateness of solar power generation and development permits. Development permits for solar power facility installations must comply with the National Land Planning Act and, in practice, with local government ordinances. Therefore, unified regulations are necessary to prevent confusion and complaints stemming from diverse ordinances. Third, securing sunlight and view rights related to solar power generation is crucial. If sunlight or power generation is reduced by surrounding buildings, or if solar power facilities infringe upon sunlight or view rights, measures such as compensation and damages are necessary. Fourth, ensuring the economic viability of solar power generation is crucial. To maintain profitability, the entire solar power generation process must be smooth. In other words, from the planning stage for solar power generation to the licensing stage, construction, and management and administration, it must be smooth in all aspects, and securing profitability and government support measures are also necessary.

최근, 재료의 다양성과 3D프린팅 방식의 발전으로 3D프린팅 시장이 급격히 성장하였다. 본 논 문은 부분 금도금 지그의 파라메트릭 설계 방식과 SLA 3D프린터를 활용한 부분 금도금 장비의 개발 방법을 제시하였다. 파라메트릭 설계프로그램은 Visual C#과 Solidworks API를 활용하여 개발하였 고 이를 통해 다양한 드럼지그의 형상을 효과적으로 설계할 수 있다. 파라메트릭 설계프로그램을 통 해 생성된 드럼 지그를 SLA 3D프린터로 출력한 후, 부분 금도금 장비에 장착하여 개발된 장비는 기 존의 실리콘 마스킹 부분 금도금 장비와 동일한 품질의 커넥터 생산이 가능하다. 또한, 두 장비의 경 제성 분석을 통해 본 논문에서 개발된 장비가 기존의 실리콘 마스킹 부분 금도금 장비에 비해 경제적 이라는 사실을 확인 하였다.

Recently, 3D Printing market grows up rapidly because of developing of 3D printing method and enlargement of usable materials. This paper presents parametric design method of Au spot plating drum jig and development process of Au spot plating equipment adapting SLA 3D printing drum jig. Also, we analyze the economic feasibility according to cost, period and durability. Parametric design program implemented using Visual C# and SolidWorks API and it was efficient tool to design various drum jig quickly. Modeling drum jig produced by SLA 3D printing, applied to develop Au spot plating equipment. Developed equipment produce Au spot plating connector having same qualities, compared to silicon masking drum jig method. Also, our equipment was more economic compared to silicon masking drum jig.

To conduct a nuclear fuel irradiation test, the inside of the nuclear fuel rod must be assembled along with the test fuel, several different parts, and sensors, and then filled with high-pressure and high-purityhelium gas. Therefore, it is necessary to develop helium gas filling techniques that can achieve exact TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) spot welding at a pin-hole of the nuclear fuel rod to fill helium gas into the nuclear fuel test rod. However, previous apparatuses do not have repeatability for TIG spot welding as they lack an electrode position control jig to exactly fix a TIG electrode in a high-pressure chamber, and they consume a large amount of helium gas. Therefore, a TIG spot welding apparatus was developed to easily and accurately conduct TIG spot welding and significantly reduce the gas consumption. In addition, the optimum welding conditions of this welding apparatus were established through various weld tests.

Spot welding is a representative process in automotive welding and the application of intelligent systems is accelerating. In particular, in the case of welding electrode management, the timing of electrode wear and dressing was determined by continuous spot welding evaluation, however there is concerned that errors in welding equipment or processes may work in a complex manner. In this study, a dynamic resistance waveform sensing and image measurement system that greatly affects the nugget formation, which is important to the quality of spot welding, was fabricated and used. Based on the experimental data of the galvanized steel sheet, an electrode life prediction algorithm for electrode wear was derived through CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) model of machine learning training.

본 연구는 한국어 진단평가 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 언어 운용능력을 반영하는 즉답요구 형 테스트인 SPOT을 검토하여 한국어 진단평가의 필요성을 제언하였다. 연구의 목적은 진단 평가에 대한 교수자들의 인식 조사를 통해 한국어 학습자의 한국어 능력을 파악할 수 있는 진 단평가의 필요성 및 방향을 제언하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국어 교수자 20명을 대상으로 온 라인 설문을 실시하였다. 설문 내용을 분석한 결과, 응답자의 50%는 숙달도 평가지로 개발된 한국어능력시험(TOPIK)을 사용한다고 대답하였으나 동시에 TOPIK과 같은 기존 평가지는 시 험의 난이도, 채점 시간에 대한 부담감을 비롯하여 시험 시간이 길다는 등의 문제점도 함께 제기되었다. 한편, 진단평가에서 활용의 용이성과 진단의 정확성 중 하나를 선택하게 한 후 이 유에 대해 자유기술 한 텍스트 데이터를 공기네트워크 분석한 결과, 한국어 교수자들의 선택 은 활용의 용이성이 강점인 테스트와 진단의 정확성이 강점인 테스트가 반반으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 새로운 진단평가 도구 개발에 대해 교수자들은 다양한 목적의 진단평가 도구가 개 발되기를 바라고 있으며 실제 수업에 사용하기 쉽고 편리한 도구를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 추후 개발될 한국어 교육에서의 진단평가 도구는 이러한 교수자들의 요구를 반영하여 일본어 교육에서 사용하고 있는 웹SPOT의 형태인 온라인 평가 도구가 제작되어야 할 것이다.

As a basic study for the development of Korean language diagnostic evaluation, this study presents an argument for a Korean language diagnostic evaluation through a review of SPOT (Simple PerformanceOriented Test), an immediate answerdemand test that reflects language management ability. The purpose of the study is to suggest the necessity and direction of diagnostic evaluation that can grasp the Korean language ability of Korean learners through a survey of instructors' perceptions of diagnostic evaluation. To this end, an online survey was conducted on 20 Korean language instructors. As a result of analyzing the survey, 50% of the respondents said they used TOPIK, which was developed as a proficiency test, but at the same time, existing evaluation papers such as TOPIK also raised problems such as the difficulty of the test, burden of scoring time, and long test time. On the other hand, as a result of analyzing the free text data on the reason after selecting one between ease of use and accuracy of diagnosis in diagnostic evaluation, the Korean language instructors' choice was divided into half. Finally, regarding the development of a new diagnostic evaluation tool, instructors wanted to develop diagnostic evaluation tools for various purposes and wanted tools that are easy to use and convenient for actual classes. In the end, this study suggests the development of an online evaluation tool, a form of WebSPOT used in Japanese language education to reflect the needs of these instructors as part of the future development of diagnostic evaluation tools in Korean language education.

Aflatoxins are a group of metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parisiticus, which are found in a variety of agriculture products. Many sensitive methods for the analysis of Aflatoxins in food and feed, such as thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and so on, have developed. Whereas these methods are offering good detection limits, they are time consuming and need expensive instruments. Thus, the development of a rapid and convenient detection biosensor for Aflatoxin analysis is extremely desirable. In order to investigate the biosensor for the food safety, we performed optical resonance methods which are simple, rapid and sensitive methods on the multi-spot nanoparticle array chip surface. The multi-spot nanoparticle array chip was applied to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based optical biosensor for monitoring the protein antibodyantigen interaction. For the detection of Aflatoxin, we used the specific binding between antibody and antigen, and synthesized gold binding polypeptide-Protein G fusion protein having the specific binding affinities against the multi-spot nanoparticle array chip surface and immunoglobulin G, respectively. In this study, we successfully developed the label-free LSPR-based biosensor whose the detection limit of 100 pg/mL by using the anti-Aflatoxin B1 antibody.

As a combination of mobile e-commerce and traditional tourism, the mobile travel services have been being tested on part of the scenic areas of the country in recent years. It achieved worthy results and provided a lot of convenience for our visitors. With the investigation and method of PCA (principal component analysis), we concluded that demands of mobile travel service can be divided into five categories with demand degree from high to low: mobile information services, mobile marketing services, mobile payment services, mobile location-based services and mobile social contact services. Then, we used one-way ANOVA to explore the disparate impacts of s’ attributes on the demands of the above services. Finally, on the basis of the findings, we proposed the industrial development strategies and marketing suggestions.

본 연구에서는 무대 방송용 LED 스폿 조명기구를 자체적으로 설계, 제작하여 조도, 배광 및 색온도를 측정하였으며, 동일한 피사체를 LED 조명과 텅스텐 할로겐 조명을 번갈아 설치하여 인물의 영상을 카메라로 촬영한 영상을 비교하여 LED 조명기구의 대체 가능성을 연구하였다. 촬영한 피사체를 분석한 결과 LED 144[W] 조명기구가 텅스텐 할로겐 1[kW] 조명기구보다 더 영상이 밝기와 색감 면에서 더 우수하였다. 144[W] LED조명기구와 텅스텐 할로겐 1[kW] 조명기구의 사용 에너지를 측정한 결과 동일 조도기준으로 LED가 80[%] 이상의 에너지 절약효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 할로겐 텅스텐 1[kW] 조명기구와 LED 144[W] 조명기구의 배광과 조도 분포를 비교 검토한 결과 피사체를 집중적으로 조명하는 경우, 피조면의 조도가 높아 효과적인 조명이 가능하다. 6[m]정도 천고의 공연장이나, 스튜디오에서는 LED144[W] 조명기구는 조도 문제가 없어, 기존의 텅스텐 할로겐 1[KW] 조명기구를 1:1로 대체하는 것이 가능하다.

This study manufactured spot lighting fixtures for the broadcasting stage and LED lighting fixtures, measured the illumination, dimming, and color temperature, and installed LED lighting and spot Fresnel lighting to the camera by turns with the same subject to confirm and look into the possibility of replacement of LED lighting fixtures by shooting the figures and comparing them. The analysis of the photographed subject found that the lighting apparatus of LED 144[W] was superior to the tungsten halogen illuminator of 1 [kW] in terms of brightness and color of an image. The measuring of the energy used in 144 [W] LED lighting equipment and tungsten halogen 1[kW] lighting equipment suggested that LED saved more than 80 [%] of energy in the same intensity of illumination. The comparison of the light distribution and light intensity distribution of halogen tungsten illuminator of 1[kW] and LED 144[W] lighting apparatus found that when a subject received concentrated lighting, effective lighting is possible because the illumination intensity on the surface of the lighted subject was high. In performance halls or studios of about 6 [m] height, there is no problem of illumination intensity in LED 144 [W] illuminator. Therefore, it is possible to replace the existing tungsten halogen 1 [KW] illuminator one to one.

Studies were conducted on the effect of pruning time, host age, conidial dispersal and weather parameters on the incidence and severity of mulberry leaf spot (Myrothecium roridum). The disease severity (%) increased with increase in shoot age irrespective of pruning date. Maximum disease severity was observed in plants pruned during first week of April and minimum disease severity in plants pruned during first week of March. Significant (P ＜ 0.01) influence of date of pruning, shoot age and their interaction was observed on severity of the disease. Apparent infection rate (r) was significantly higher during the plant growth period from day 48 to day 55. Average apparent yale was higher in plants pruned during first week of April and least in plants pruned during first week of July. The disease infection was negatively correlated to distance from the inoculum source. Leaf spot severity (%) was influenced by weather parameters. Multiple regression analysis revealed contribution of various combinations of weather parameters on the disease severity. Linear prediction model $(Y ＝ －81.803＋1.176x_2＋0.765x_3) with significant $R^2$ was developed for prediction of the disease under natural epiphytotic condition.

Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) is a plant pathogenic virus which has been reported to continuously occur in onion bulbs, allium field crops, seed crops, lisianthus, and irises. In South Korea, IYSV is a "controlled" virus that has not been reported, and inspection is performed when crops of the genus Iris are imported into South Korea. In this study, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR inspection methods, which can detect IYSV, from imported crops of the genus Iris at quarantine sites, were developed. In addition, a modified positive plasmid, which can be used as a positive control during inspection, was developed. This modified plasmid can facilitate a more accurate inspection by enabling the examination of a laboratory contamination in an inspection system. The inspection methods that were developed in this study are expected to contribute, through the prompt and accurate inspection of IYSV at quarantine sites to the plant quarantine in South Korea.

Impact of pruning date, shoot age and weather parameters on the severity and development of grey leaf spot (Pseudocercospora mori) of mulberry was studied. The disease severity (%) increased with increase in shoot age irrespective of pruning date. Maximum disease severity was observed in plants pruned during second week of October and minimum in plants pruned during last week of December. Significant (P<0.05) influence of date of pruning, shoot age and their interaction was observed on the severity of the disease. Apparent infection rate (r) was significantly higher during plant growth period from day-48 to day-55. Average apparent rate was higher in plants pruned during first week of September and least in plants pruned during third and fourth week of December. Multiple regression analysis revealed contribution of various combinations of weather parameters on the disease severity. A linear prediction model [$Y=66.05+(-1.39)x_1+(-0.219)x_4$] with significant $R^2$ was developed for prediction of the disease under natural epiphytotic condition.

This paper covers the development of a highly portable and low cost SPOT image data receiving system. We followed two design approaches. One is the software-based approach by which most of the real-time processing is handled by software. With the complete software-based design, it is simple to add a function for receiving any additional satellite data. Satellite-specific format handlers including error correction, decompression and decryption can easily be accommodated. On the other approach. we used a general hardware platform, IBM-PC and a low cost SCSI RAID (Redundant Away of Independent Disks), and therefore, we can make a low cost system.

A population model of bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on hot pepper was developed to predict the primary disease infection date. The model estimated the pathogen population on the surface and within the leaf of the host based on the wetness period and temperature. For successful infection, at least 5,000 cells/ml of the bacterial population were required. Also, wind and rain were necessary according to regression analyses of the monitored data. Bacterial spot on the model is initiated when the pathogen population exceeds $10^{15}cells/g$ within the leaf. The developed model was validated using 94 assessed samples from 2000 to 2007 obtained from monitored fields. Based on the validation study, the predicted initial infection dates varied based on the year rather than the location. Differences in initial infection dates between the model predictions and the monitored data in the field were minimal. For example, predicted infection dates for 7 locations were within the same month as the actual infection dates, 11 locations were within 1 month of the actual infection, and only 3 locations were more than 2 months apart from the actual infection. The predicted infection dates were mapped from 2009 to 2012; 2011 was the most severe year. Although the model was not sensitive enough to predict disease severity of less than 0.1% in the field, our model predicted bacterial spot severity of 1% or more. Therefore, this model can be applied in the field to determine when bacterial spot control is required.

作为假面舞文化圈的重要组成，中国傩舞一直备受全球学者瞩目。为了帮助包括韩国在内的世界各地学者了解中国傩舞学术研究，本研究运用CiteSpace软件，分析CNKI数据库中1985-2024年1002篇文献，对中国傩舞研究的发文量、核心作者与机构、关键词共现及发展趋势等进行了系统分析。研究显示，研究发文量经历了萌芽、快速发展和深化三个阶段；核心作者与机构合作网络集中于广东、江西、福建等省，跨省合作较少；区域性傩舞研究逐步成熟；中国傩舞历经本体探索、个案深度阐释到保护、传承与可持续发展的关注转变。研究认为对于傩舞本体的探讨、各地域傩舞的内在联系、传承保护案例研究应是中国傩舞未来研究的重要方向。本研究旨在剖析中国傩舞的研究现状，填补该领域综合分析的空白，并期望通过这项研究为未来非物质文化遗产研究提供参考价值。

As an important part of the masked dance cultural circle, Chinese Nuo dance has always attracted the attention of scholars around the world. In order to help scholars from all over the world, including South Korea, understand the academic research on Chinese Nuo dance, this study uses CiteSpace software to analyze 1002 documents from 1985 to 2024 in the CNKI database, and systematically analyzes the number of papers published, core authors and institutions, keyword co-occurrence and development trends of Chinese Nuo dance research. The study shows that the number of research papers has gone through three stages: germination, rapid development and deepening; the core author and institutional cooperation network is concentrated in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian and other provinces, and cross-provincial cooperation is rare; regional Nuo dance research has gradually matured; Chinese Nuo dance has undergone a transformation from ontological exploration, in-depth interpretation of individual cases to protection, inheritance and sustainable development. The study believes that the exploration of the ontology of Nuo dance, the internal connection of Nuo dance in various regions, and the case study of inheritance and protection should be important directions for future research on Chinese Nuo dance. This study aims to analyze the current status of research on Chinese Nuo dance,fill the gap in comprehensive analysis in this field, and hope that this study will provide reference value for future research on intangible cultural heritage.

This paper describes a development of a spot welding system for steel band packing. Thewelding system binds two ends of a steel band to wrap an object. It has transformer module to decreasewelding voltage. The welding voltage is applied to the upper tips of the welding module. The steel bandsbetween the upper tip and lower tip are bound by the welding voltage. Two bus bars which connect highcurrent electricity from the transformer to welding tip is equipped with bracket. The upper tip controlunit controls the vertical motion of the tip to press two steel bands. Pneumatic cylinder is used to controlhorizontal motion of the four pairs of welding tips. Usual industrial spot welding machine is bulky involume and heavy in weight. Also, most of them weld only one spot at a time, and spends long time toweld multiple spots for robust binding. The developed welding system welds four spots at a time. Since itreduces the welding time and increases binding force, it can be used in practice with improved performance.

A dual purpose robot automation system is developed for both arc welding and spot welding by one robot within a cell. The need for automation of both arc welding and spot welding processes is urgent while the production volume is not so big as to accommodate separate stations for the two processes. Also, space is too narrow for separate stations to be settled down in the factory. A spot welding robot is chosen and the functions for arc welding are implemented in-house at cost of advanced functions. For the spot welding, a single pole type gun is used and the robot has to push down the plate to be wolded, which causes the robot positioning error. Therefore, position error compensation algorithm is developed. The basic functions for the arc welding processes are implemented using the digital I/O board of robot controller, PLC, and A/D conversion PCB. The weaving pattern is taught in meticulously by manual teach. A fixture unit is also developed for dual purpose. The main aspects of the system is presented in this paper especially in the design and implementation procedure. The signal diagrams and sequence logic diagrams are also included. The outcome of the dual purpose welding cell is the increased productivity and good production stability which is indispensable for production volume prediction. Also, it leads to reduction of manufacturing lead time.