Earticle

본고는 『묵자(墨子)』의 <소취편(小取篇)>에 나타난 논리의 형식과 적용뿐만 아니라 논리적 판단에 대하여 오늘날의 수리논리학과 비교하여 고대 동양의 논리학의 수준을 살피는 것을 목적으로 한다. 『묵자』의 <소취편>에 있는 7가지 논리학에 대한 주장은 오늘날의 논리학과 비교해도 내용이나 논리적 전개에 있어서 전혀 뒤지지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 이로부터 묵가의 합리적이고 공리론적인 정신은 수학과 논리와 같은 분야의 논쟁에 대하여 개념을 정리하려는 시도가 있었음을 알 수 있다. 특히 논리학이 남과의 논쟁에서 이기기 위한 것이 아니라 올바른 진리를 찾아내는 데 목적이 있음을 말하고 있다. 춘추전국시대는 정치적으로 혼란기였지만 사상에 있어서는 동양의 역사상 가장 풍성한 시기였다. 묵자는 이 시기에 태어나 고대 동양의 수학, 과학, 논리학의 발전에 기여했다.

In this paper, we compared the format and application of logic shown in Mojia's Small Unit, compared to today's mathematical logic. It also compares the logical conclusions shown with today's mathematical logic. The purpose of this paper is to look at the level of logic in the ancient East from the results. We can see that the seven arguments on the logic were excellent in content and logical development compared to today's logic. From this, we can see that Mojia's reasonable and utilitarian spirit has tried to organize concepts on issues such as mathematics and logic. In particular, Mojia argue that mathematical logic is not about winning a dispute with others, but about finding the right truth. The Spring and Autumn War period was a period of political turmoil, but it was the most abundant time in the history of the East as far as ideas were concerned. Mujia, who was born during this period, contributed to the development of mathematics, science, and mathematical logic in the ancient East.

아미타이거 4.0은 미래 전장 환경에 대응하기 위해 유·무인 복합체계(MUM-T) 및 네트워크 중심의 무기체계를 도입 하는 혁신적 군 개혁 방안이다. 하지만 현행 전술정보통신체계(TICN)는 소부대 작전에 필요한 고속 데이터 전송에 한 계를 보인다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 TVWS(White Space) 에그(소형 이동형 송수신 장치)를 활용한 소부 대 전술망 구축 방안을 제시하였다. TVWS 에그는 TVWS 주파수를 사용하여 기존 ISM 대역보다 넓은 범위에서 안정 적인 통신을 제공하며, 전투원이 휴대할 수 있도록 소형화하였다. 또한, 소부대 전술망뿐만 아니라 드론봇 전투체계, 이 동형 감시체계 등 다양한 군사적 활용 가능성도 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 TVWS 에그는 아미타이거 4.0의 성공 적 네트워크 구축에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Army TIGER 4.0 is an innovative military reform initiative designed to prepare for future battlefield environments by i ntroducing manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) systems and network-centric weapon systems. However, the current Ta ctical Information Communication Network (TICN) has limitations in providing the high-speed data transmission required for small unit operations. To address this issue, this study proposes a solution for establishing a small unit tactical networ k using a TVWS (White Space) Egg, a compact mobile transceiver. The TVWS Egg utilizes TVWS frequencies to enable more stable communication over a broader range than traditional ISM bands and is designed for portability by individual s oldiers. In addition to small unit tactical networks, the study discusses potential military applications, including drone-bot s ystems and mobile surveillance systems. The proposed TVWS Egg is expected to contribute to the successful network inf rastructure of Army TIGER 4.0.

소규모로 널리 보급되고 있는 대부분의 가정용 태양광 발전 시스템은 간단한 단품의 조합만으로 구성되어 저비용 시 스템으로 공급되지만 발전 효율을 관리하고 유지 보수를 개선하기는 어렵다. 또한, 사용자에게 한정적인 데이터 제 공으로 태양광 발전시스템의 상태를 파악하고 문제가 발생할 경우 사용자가 대처하기 어려운 실정이다. 본 논문에서 는 가정용 태양광 발전시설과 같은 소규모 태양광 발전소의 발전 현황을 측정하고, 서버에 정보를 기록하며, 이상 발생시 소유자에게 경보를 보내는 시스템의 구축 방법을 제안 한다.제안하는 시스템은 인버터로부터 정보를 얻는 기 존의 발전량 모니터링 시스템과는 달리 태양광 모듈 단위의 발전 정보 계측, 전송과 저장을 특징으로 한다. 제안하 는 시스템은 태양광 모듈 상태 감지 보드, 게이트웨이, 데이터베이스, 서버, 모바일 APP 및 원격 모니터링 프로그 램으로 구성된다. 특히 안정성과 확장성의 증대를 위해 MQTT기반의 정보 전송시스템을 구현하며, 수집된 정보를 모니터링하고 사용자에게 이상발생에 대한 알람을 보낼 수 있도록 설계하여 발전소의 유지보수를 위한 플랫폼을 제 공하고자 한다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 시스템의 유효성을 확인하며, 이상 발생시 즉각 대응이 이루어질 수 있는 가 정용 태양광 발전 시스템의 유지관리 방법을 제안한다.

Most of the home PV(Photovoltaic) power generation systems, which are being widely distributed on a small scale, are supplied mainly on low-cost systems composed of simple single items, but it is difficult to manage power generation efficiency and improve maintenance. In addition, it is difficult to identify the state of the PV power generation system by providing limited data to the user and to cope with the user when a problem occurs. In this paper we propose a method for constructing a system that measures the power generation status, records information on a server, and sends an alert to the owner when an abnormality occurs in a small PV power plant, such as a home PV power facility. Unlike, in other studies, the power generation monitoring system that obtains information from the inverter, the proposed system is characterized by measuring, transmitting and storing the power generation information in the module unit. The proposed system consists of a PV module status detection board, gateway, database, server, mobile APP and remote monitoring program. In particular, the MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)-based information transmission system is implemented to increase the stability and expansion, and it is designed to monitor the collected information and send an alarm to the user about the occurrence of an abnormality to provide a platform for power plant maintenance.

It is true that the social welfare center influences on the community service. The recent change of social environment has influence on the configuration of space for the community social welfare center. The social welfare center fills the role of family welfare, domiciliary care, community welfare, education culture etc. Education culture magnified, and it is acting role as the community education culture center by various program including cultural desire according to the modern request to the whole local resident. In such sense, this study explore the conditions of spatial configuration for the education culture unit of social welfare center in small city. For this study, it was investigated the space role and service funtion, the service program, the usage characteristics, the service importance. In sum, the useful data were collected, analyzed, and colligated by case study. Case study and analysis contents about education culture unit of social welfare center present the basic design data for the space plan of suitable social welfare center in small city.

The recent change of social environment has influence on the configuration of space for the community social welfare center. And so the relation of space and the service function required the change of spatial configuration. The social welfare center fills the role of family welfare, domiciliary care, community service etc. In such sense, this research explore the conditions of spatial configuration for the community welfare service unit of social welfare center in small city. For this study, it was investigated the space role and service function, the service program, the usage characteristics, the room satisfaction of social workers. In sum, the useful data were collected, analyzed, and colligated by case study. It could be used in the basic design criteria of community service unit for the social welfare center in small city.

The recent change of social environment has influence on the configuration of space for the social welfare center. And so the relation of space and function required the change of spatial configuration. The social welfare center fills the role of family welfare, domiciliary care, community organization etc. In such sence, this study explore the conditions of spatial configuration for the domiciliary and community care unit of social welfare centers in small city. For this study, it was investigated the space role and funtion, the service program, the usage characteristics, the room satisfaction of social workers. In sum, the useful data were collected, analyzed, and colligated by case study. It could be used in the design criteria of domiciliary care unit for the social welfare center in small city.

The purpose of this research is to manage the physical sectors systematically, needed for the selection and direction of declining areas, such as urban regeneration and revitalization projects, by grading the density of decline indicators of buildings in small and medium cities. In five small and medium-sized cities in Jeollanam-do, the data were divided into three stages according to the density, according to the use, structure, and age of the building. Rating by element of Census Output Area, detailed designation, and management of declining areas in small and medium-sized cities are required, rather than setting the scope of declining areas based on administrative districts. It is also necessary to manage cities through complex and intra-element phasing rather than single elements in defining physical decline. The analysis based on the complex factors and boundary of the Census Output Area is meaningful in order to maintain and manage such cities in a more detailed and precise manner according to such characteristics of each region.

본 연구는 실제 총과 동일한 모양과 작동 방법을 가진 에어소프트 건의 훈련 효과를 연구한 글이다. 에어스프 트 건은 1970년대 후반 일본에서 개발되어 현재는 총기 소유가 허가된 국가를 중심으로 레저스포츠와 훈련용으로 자 리매김하였다. 특히 대만은 에어소프트건 게임을 활성화하여 시민군을 양성하고, 미국과 같은 군사 선진국도 이를 활 용하여 실 사격전 훈련 및 전투부대의 시가전 훈련용으로도 활용하고 있다. 그러나 한국에서는 엄격한 사용규제와 장 난감이라는 인식으로 인해 좋은 훈련 도구임에도 불구하고 활용이 미흡하다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 에어소프트 건의 효용성을 입증하고, 에어소프트 건을 활용한 실전적 훈련으로 군의 전투력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. 더 나아가 에 어소프트 건에 대한 부정적 인식을 개선하여 새로운 스포츠 산업을 육성하는 계기가 될 수 있을 것이다.

This study examines the training effectiveness of airsoft guns that look and operate like real guns. Airsoft guns were developed in Japan in the late 1970s and are now popular for leisure sports and training, especially in countries where gun ownership is permitted. In particular, Taiwan has been promoting airsoft gun games to train citizen soldiers, and military leaders such as the United States have also utilized airsoft guns for live fire combat training and combat troops' live fire training. However, due to strict usage regulations and the perception that it is a toy, it is underutilized in Korea despite being a good training tool. Therefore, this study will prove the effectiveness of airsoft guns and improve the military's combat capabilities through practical training using airsoft guns. In addition, it will improve the negative perception of airsoft guns and foster a new sports industry.

2022년부터 현재까지 지속된 우크라이나-러시아 전쟁은 드론 기술과 운용 개념의 급속한 진화를 무대로 펼쳐진 분쟁이었다. 불과 3년에 못 미치는 기간 동안 드론 전술은 세대를 거듭하며 발전했다. 이와 함께 포병·미사일·기갑·보병 등 전통 전력과 드론의 제병협동작전이 전개되어 수많은 새로운 전술적 시너지와 교훈이 도출되었다. 전쟁에서 드론 은 기존 병과를 잇는 접착제 역할을 하며 실시간 정보공유와 정밀타격을 가능케 했다. 드론은 단독 운용으로도 위력 적이지만 포병·기갑·보병·공병 등의 전통적 전력과 새로운 전술적 결합을 통하여 더욱 큰 효과를 발휘한다는 것이 입 증되었다. 우크라이나-러시아 전쟁은 드론을 비롯한 새로운 장비의 출현에 관심의 초점이 맞춰져 있는 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 드론 운용의 진화를 분석하여 소부대 전술 변화 양상을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 드론이라는 장비 자 체가 아닌 병력, 화력, 기동의 전술적 교리 발전도 그에 못지않게 신속하고 창의적으로 진보해 왔음을 규명하고 기술 적 진보와 함께 적시적이고 효과적인 전술의 발전이 병행되어야 한다는 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

The Ukraine-Russia War of 2022 to the present has been a conflict that has seen rapid evolution of drone technology and operational concepts. In less than three years, drone tactics have evolved through generations. Along with this, the joint operations of drones with traditional forces, including artillery, missiles, armor, and infantry, have led to numerous new tactical synergies and lessons learned. In warfare, drones have become the glue that binds conventional forces together, enabling real-time intelligence sharing and precision strikes. While drones are powerful on their own, they have proven to be even more effective in new tactical combinations with traditional forces such as artillery, armor, infantry, and engineers. The Ukraine-Russia war tends to focus attention on the emergence of new equipment, including drones. This study aims to analyze the evolution of drone operations to identify changes in small unit tactics. It aims to show that the tactical doctrinal evolution of troops, firepower, and maneuver, rather than the equipment itself, has been equally rapid and creative, suggesting that technological advances must be accompanied by the development of timely and effective tactics.

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명 시대 융합인재 양성을 위해 대학의 융합교육에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있는 상황에서 융합교육과정 설계 시 활용 가능한 가이드라인을 개발을 목적으로 한다. 특히 수요가 증가하고 있는 소단위 융합교육 과정에 대한 개발 절차 부재의 문제를 해결하고 실제 교육현장에서 활용 가능한 소단위 융합교육과정 설계 가이드라 인을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 교육공학 및 고등교육정책 박사이면서 실무 경력 10년 이상의 연구진이 가이드라 인 초안을 도출하였으며, 교수법 전문가를 포함한 대학 교수 5인의 타당도 검증을 거쳐 총 9단계의 교육과정 개발 절 차와 28개의 점검 체크리스트가 포함된 최종 가이드라인을 개발하였다. 본 연구 결과물은 향후 대학의 소단위 학위제 프로그램 개발·운영, 그리고 질 관리 담당자와 정부의 고등교육혁신 정책 담당자에게 실질적인 도움을 제공할 수 있 을 것으로 기대한다.

This study attempted to examine the direction of convergence education in universities and to develop the design guidelines for convergence curriculum as a methodology for realizing convergence education. In particular, although domestic demand for the development of a Small-Unit Interdisciplinary Curricula, especially in interdisciplinary fields, are on the rise, it was intended to solve the problem that a curricula design guidelines is not established. As a result of this study, it was intended to provide guidelines that can be used in the actual educational field. The draft guidelines were prepared by researchers holding doctorates in educational technology and higher education policy, each with more than ten years of field experience. The draft was then reviewed by five university professors, including experts in teaching and learning. Through this process, the guidelines were finalized to include a nine-step development procedure and 28 checklist items. The results are expected to provide concrete support for managers responsible for designing and operating small-unit degree programs (e.g., micro-degrees) and for those in charge of future quality assurance in higher education.

소형 추적 레이더는 표적에서 운용하는 RGPO(Range Gaet Pull Off)등 기만신호를 피하기 위하여 송신주기를 랜덤하게 변화하여 송신을 한다. 이때 의사랜덤코드를 활용하여 랜덤하게 송신 주기를 변경을 한다. 의사랜덤코드는 특 정구간이 지나면 반복을 하기 때문에 반복이 노출되면 기만신호를 피하기 힘들어 진다. 본 논문에서는 FPGA를 통한 랜덤 코드 생성과 시스템 백색잡음을 더하여 보다 실제적인 송신 펄스 코드를 생성하였다. FPGA를 이용하여 EPROM에 의사랜덤코드를 사용하면서 반복을 피할 수 있는 PRF를 생성하는 코드 생성에 대한 연구결과를 제시한다. 또한 추적 레이더에 적용하여 랜덤한 PRF 펄스 설계된 결과를 확인하였다.

The small tracking radar randomly changes the transmission period to avoid deceptive signals such as RGPO (Range Gaet Pull Off) operated on the target. Since the code repeats after a specific section, it becomes difficult to avoid a deceptive signal when the repetition is exposed. In this paper, a more realistic transmission pulse code is generated by adding random code generation through FPGA and system white noise. We present the research results of code generation that generates PRF that can avoid repetition while using pseudo-random code in EPROM using FPGA. Also, the result of designing random PRF pulse was confirmed by applying it to tracking radar.

소형 Radio Frequency 추적레이다는 표적에 대하여 전천후 Radio Frequency 신호 처리를 통하여 표적을 식별하고 주요 표적에 대하여 표적을 탐색, 탐지하여 추적하는 Radio Frequency 센서를 보유한 추적시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 전천후 Radio Frequency를 이용하여 표적 정보를 획득하여 실시간 신호처리를 통하여 표적을 식별하기 위한 고속의 멀티코어 DSP인 TMS320C6678과 XILINX FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)가 탑재된 보드 개 발의 내용을 설명한다. DSP, FPGA 선정과 신호처리를 위한 DSP-FPGA 결합 아키텍처에 대하여 제안하고 또한 고속의 데이터 전송을 위한 SRIO의 설계에 대하여 설명한다.

The small radio frequency tracking radar is a tracking system with a radio frequency sensor that identifies a target through all-weather radio frequency signal processing for a target and searches, detects and tracks the target for the major target. In this paper, we describe the development of a board equipped with TMS320C6678 and XILINX FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), a high-speed multi-core DSP that acquires target information through all-weather radio frequency and identifies a target through real-time signal processing. We propose DSP-FPGA combination architecture for DSP and FPGA selection and signal processing, and also explain the design of SRIO for high-speed data transmission.

소형 밀리미터파 추적 레이다는 저속으로 기동 중인 큰 RCS를 갖는 바다위의 함정 표적에 대하여 TWS(Track While Scan) 방식을 통하여 실시간으로 표적을 탐색, 탐지 하여 추적하는 펄스 방식의 레이더이다. 본 논문에서는 저속으로 기동을 하지만 채프, 디코이 등 다양한 기만체를 운영하는 함정 표적에 대하여 LPRF와 DBS, 및 HRR 신호처리 기법을 통하 여 표적 정보를 획득하고 추적하기 위하여 고속의 CPU가 탑재된 보드 개발과 표적정보를 실시간 처리하기 위하여 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)를 활용하여 실시간 FFT 연산이 가능한 DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) 모듈 설계를 포함한 신호처리기 구조를 설계하고 성능시험을 통해 구현한 신호처리기를 검증하였다.

A small millimeter-wave tracking radar is a pulse-based radar that searches, detects, and tracks a target in real time through a TWS (Track While Scan) method for a traps target on the sea with a large RCS running at low speed. It is necessary to develop a board equipped with a high-speed CPU to acquire and track target information through LPRF, DBS, and HRR signal processing techniques for a trap target operating various kinds of dexterous objects such as chaff and decoy, We designed a signal processor structure including DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) module design that can perform real - time FFT operation using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) and verified the signal processor implemented through performance test.

소형 적외선영상 호밍센서는 지상의 표적에 대하여 주야간 적외선 영상처리를 통하여 표적을 식별하고 주요 표적에 대하여 표적을 탐색, 탐지하여 추적하는 적외선 영상센서를 보유한 유도무기의 눈에 해당된다. 유도무기 내부에 여러 구성품들과 함께 전원과 통신 라인을 함께 사용하기 때문에 전자기파 간섭에 대한 부분이 매우 중요하다. 특히 케이블로 연결되어 있는 전원과 통신 라인을 통한 CE(Conducted Emission)의 영향이 매우 중요하다. 케이블을 통하여 유도무기 다른 구성품들에 전기적 영향을 직접적으로 줄 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 케이블을 통하여 입력되는 전원과 통신 라인에 대한 전자기 간섭 회피를 위한 EMI 필터와 케이블 설계에 대하여 설명한다. 또한 설계된 EMI 필터 제작 후 MIL-STD-461G의 CE102 시험을 통하여 설계 만족에 대하여 설명한다.

The small infrared image homing sensor is the eye of a guided weapon that has an infrared image sensor that identifies a target on the ground through day and night infrared image processing and searches, detects, and tracks the target. Inside the guided weapon since the power supply and communication line are used together with various components, the part against electromagnetic wave interference is very important. In particular, the effect of CE (Conducted Emission) through the power and communication lines connected by cables is very important. Through this method, it is possible to directly affect other components of the guided weapon. In this paper, the EMI filter and cable design for avoiding electromagnetic interference to the power input through the cable and the communication line are described. Also, the designed EMI filter is manufactured After the CE102 test of MIL-STD-461G, design satisfaction will be explained.

소형 적외선영상 호밍시스템은 지상의 표적에 대하여 주야간 적외선 영상처리를 통하여 표적을 식별하고 주요 표적에 대하여 표적을 탐색, 탐지하여 추적하는 적외선 영상센서를 보유한 추적시스템이다. 본 논문에서는 지상의 표적 을 주야간 적외선 영상을 통하여 표적 정보를 획득하여 실시간 영상처리를 통하여 표적을 식별하기 위한 고속의 CPU와 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)가 탑재된 보드 개발의 내용을 설명한다. CPU, FPGA 선정과 영상신호처리 를 위한 CPU-FPGA 결합 아키텍처에 대하여 제안하고 또한 김발구조의 적외선센서를 제어하기 위한 FPGA를 활용에 대하여 설명한다.

A small infrared image homing system is a tracking system that has an infrared image sensor that identifies a target through the day and night infrared image processing of the target on the ground and searches for and detects the target with respect to the main target. This paper describes the development of a board equipped with a high-speed CPU and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) to identify target through real-time image processing by acquiring target information through infrared image. We propose a CPU-FPGA combining architecture for CPU and FPGA selection and video signal processing, and also describe a controller design using FPGA to control infrared sensor.

The purpose of this study was to explore the application methods required to develop a small unit degree program with the theme of lifelong education based on an integrated field type for people with developmental disabilities in connection with the major curriculum in the secondary and vocational special education departments of universities. The method of the study consisted of the procedure of applying FGI after selecting five special education experts. The contents of the study focused on the aspect that the secondary and vocational special education fields for students with developmental disabilities can link special education centered on the school-age to a system of lifelong education based on the adult life cycle, as well as form the basis of integrated fields that link the perspective of employment services in the adult rehabilitation welfare system. Accordingly, the main results of the study suggested an application plan to deal with the knowledge and skills of lifelong education based on the type of integrated fields for persons with developmental disabilities through the operation of a small unit degree program linked to the major curriculum in the secondary and vocational special education departments of universities. The results of the study suggested the possibility that the above small unit degree program could be operated through measures such as selection of related major subjects in the major curriculum and in-depth learning linked to weekly class contents, linkage with extracurricular activities, and certification system for job competencies and qualifications through local cooperation.

In this study, a very small LED packaging lead frame with a low thermal resistance was developed. The cost of the package process was reduced by the use of many small LED lamps, which increased the light emission efficiency. Compared to the large lead frame lamp, however, the optical property of the small LED packaging lead frame lamp was not sufficiently improved because its reflection structure was changed and its reflection area was reduced. The luminous efficiency of the LED lamp reaches 58 lm/W at the current density of 0.16 A/$cm^2$. Using the LED lamps, 46-inch LCD BLU was manufactured. The BLU-made LED lamps have a low power consumption of 146 W and have a slim (10-mm-thick) BLU, keeping good uniformity in terms of brightness, and maintaining good thermal properties.

This study made a nationwide metropolitan region map on the basis of disaster vulnerability and administrative boundary, and based on it, it divided small-sized regions and constructed disaster history of each region. For the disaster vulnerability, the study wrote slope, aspect, curvature, wetness index, and drainage density, compared and analyzed regions with disaster and geomorphic elements to distinct the factor with high correlations, and based on it, it divided small-sized regions for forecasting and warning system of middle regions(Gangwon province, Chungchung province, and Jeolla province). Through the method, Gangwon region were divided into 4 small-sized regions, Chungchung into 5 small-sized regions, and Jeolla into 6 small-sized regions.