Earticle

우리나라의 경제성장과 함께 의료서비스의 공급도 급속도로 상승하여 입원시설인 병동부의 병상수도 급 속도로 성장 발전하였다. 본 연구에서는 의료원 병동부의 성장변화 과정에서 병동과 병실 계획의 변화를 조사 분 석하여, 의료원의 건축계획적 자료를 제시를 목적으로 한다. 조사대상으로는 [AD]의료원과 [SS]의료원의 병동을 조사분석하였다. 결과로 첫째, 1980년대 후반에 본관이 건립된 이후 3배와 7배 이상 병상수가 증가하였다. 둘째, 수직증축과 수평증축하였으며, 수직증축은 기존시설을 그대로 반영하고 있다. 셋째, 간호단위당 병상수는 80병상에 서 최근에는 40병상대로 줄어들었다. 넷째 다인실은 6인실에서 최근에는 5인실과 4인실 위주이다.

With Korea's rapid economic growth, the supply of medical services has also expanded significantly, leading to a substantial increase in the number of hospital beds in inpatient facilities. This study aims to investigate and analyze changes in ward and patient room planning during the growth and transformation of medical center wards, providing architectural planning data for medical centers. The study focuses on analyzing the wards of [AD] Medical Center and [SS] Medical Center. The findings are as follows: First, since the construction of the main building in the late 1980s, the number of hospital beds has increased more than threefold and sevenfold, respectively. Second, both vertical and horizontal expansions were carried out, with vertical expansions incorporating the design of the existing facilities. Third, the number of beds per nursing unit has decreased from 80 to approximately 40 in recent years. Lastly, multi-patient rooms have transitioned from six-person rooms to primarily five-person and four-person rooms in recent years.

As the market of steel building is increasing by the high quality, high speed construction and high strength then the ordinary construction materials, the possible risk of progressive collapse of steel building at the fire condition is going up gradually for the more increased combustible materials. The fire resistance of steel building has been evaluated by fire tests, but recently the performance based fire engineering make it easy to evaluate that of steel building using not only various engineering techniques but also fire science. The fire resistance of structural elements adopted at the steel building can be evaluated by the comparison between limit temperature that is at which the structural failure occurred according to high temperature of the structural element and maximum surface temperature of structural element by the application of heat transfer analysis. To establish the limit temperature for the structural steel(SS 400) and structural marine(SM 490) the tensile tests at high temperature were conducted and the comparison among the limit temperature references from abroad and the results from full-scale fire test of H-section column having 4 types loadings at the aspect of load ratio. At this paper, the limit temperature equations from two kinds of steel specimens are very similar with that of abroad and the load ratio from coupon tests can be applied to real column element at the range of below 0.5. For more reliability, the comparison between the limit temperature got the limit state design and allowable working stress design and then the values from beam is needed.

In this paper, we analyzed the safety on static and dynamic characteristics of a top-down evacuation instrument fixed on the exterior walls of a building using finite element analysis. For this purpose, the stress distribution characteristics of the H-beam structure were analyzed and the equivalent stress distribution, deflection displacement and natural frequency characteristics of the overall structure of the evacuation instrument were analyzed. The structures were applied with the materials of SS440 and SUS304. The static analysis results showed the elastic behavior with safety coefficients from 2.4 to 2.9, by confirming the structural safety. In addition, the analysis of the natural frequency characteristics confirmed that the vibration characteristics were higher than the external conditions of 20Hz.

There are two ways of evaluation for fire resistance performance on steel structures. One is prescriptive method and the other is performance based fire engineering design. To practice the fire engineering design in steel structures with easy, the analytic program is very effective and useful in terms of cost for fire test, evaluation period and etc. To make a new analytic program of evaluation for fire resistance, the backbone of building laws and the technical references related to fire engineering design method were surveyed and the mechanical and thermal data were gathered from the previous experimental data. The analytic program was developed by using the excel utilities and designed 3 major parts; input, solving and output. To verify the developed analytic program the comparison was done by using the previous fire test with standard sized-scale column built with a SS 400. The comparison showed that the increasing of temperature and deformation with time were very similar between analytic results and fire test. But the rapid increase of deformation according to expansion and local buckling caused from higher temperature couldn't be calculated. To increase more the reliability of analytic program the calculation of deformation caused by the expansion and the local buckling should be needed.

현재의 자치경찰제 운영현황을 분석하기 위하여 자치경찰의 이념(필요성)을 기준으로 세종자치경찰 세종특별자치시 자치경찰이 추진하는 기본이념 및 현황을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 첫째, 민주성(시민참여)이라는 측면에서는 지역경찰장 주민추천제, ‘으뜸마루’구성 ‧ 운 영, 주민자치회, 이통장협의회 순회간담회 실시, 홈페이지 운영 등 많은 영역에서 시행되 고 있으나 홈페이지 운영에서 시민들이 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것 이 필요하다. 둘째, 분권화(지역의 특성을 반영한 치안서비스 제공) 측면에서는 범죄취약지 환경개선 으로 균형 있는 치안 구축, 변화하는 학교폭력 환경에 선제적‧능동적 대응 등의 사업을 운영하고 있으나 보다 지역의 특성을 반영한 치안서비스 사업을 개발하는 것이 필요하다. (예) 경찰통계에서 특별경제범죄 비율이 기타 지방자치단체보다 높이 나타나므로 이에 대 한 대응이 필요하다. 또한 인구증가율이 기타 지역보다 높은 현황을 보이며 전국 연령에 서도 세종특별자치시는 비교적 연령이 낮으므로 이에 대응하는 치안서비스<데이트 폭력, 청소년 범죄 등> 제공이 필요하다. 셋째, 정치적 중립성(대표성)의 측면에서는 차기의 자치경찰위원회의 구성에 있어서 직 업 및 경력 부분을 충분히 고려하여 전문성과 대표성이 보다 반영된 지역치안서비스 공 급자로서의 역할이 필요하다.

In order to analyze the operation status of the autonomous police system, we tried to analyze the basic ideology and current status of the Sejong Autonomous Police based on the ideology (necessity) of the autonomous police and suggest the direction of development based on this. First, in terms of democracy (citizen participation), it is implemented in many areas, such as the local police chief's recommendation system, the formation and operation of the "Uteummaru", the conduct of a circuit meeting of the residents' council, and the operation of the website, but it is necessary to find ways for citizens to actively participate in the operation of the website. Second, in terms of decentralization (providing security services reflecting the characteristics of the region), it operates projects such as building balanced security by improving the environment of crime-prone areas and proactively responding to the changing school violence environment, but it is necessary to develop security service projects that reflect the characteristics of the region. Police statistics show that the rate of special economic crimes is higher than that of other local governments. Population growth is higher than in other regions. Sejong Special Self-Governing City provides security services to respond to relatively young people (Date violence, juvenile crimes, etc.) Third, in terms of political neutrality (representativeness), it is necessary to play a role as a local security service provider that reflects expertise and representativene1ss more by fully considering occupational and career aspects in the composition of the next autonomous police committee.

최근 우리 농산업도 국제적인 시장 개방과 FTA 등 급변 하는 시대적 국가 간의 교역에 중요한 위치에 놓여 있게 되었 다. 그 중 매년 수출량이 증가 추세에 있는 백합 관련 종구 및 절화의 수출사업도 세계적인 시장 개방에 맞서 국제적 경 쟁력을 갖추고 수출 증진을 위해 많은 노력이 필요하다. 하지만 현재 백합 생산 현장은 대부분 산지별 혹은 소규모 의 지역별로 수출회사를 통하여 개별 브랜드로 해외로 수출 하고 있는 실정이며 백합 농가의 영세성 때문에 자본과 기술 의 부족 등으로 세계 시장 환경에서 경쟁력 저하가 우려된다. 따라서 본 연구는 백합 수출 증진을 위한 국가 브랜드 이 미지 강화를 위해 통합된 브랜드 전략을 하나의 대안으로 제안한다. 통합 브랜드 전략으로 “Lily Korea”라는 한국의 백합 이라는 직접적 표현으로 통합 브랜드 네이밍과 디자인을 제 안하며 더 나아가 수출시 소비자에게 직접 산매하는 방식이 아니라 화훼 경매 시장을 통해 판매되는 시장 환경에 따른 패키지 디자인을 제시하고자 한다. 패키지 디자인 레이아웃을 동일하게 사용함으로 수출 시장에서 소비자에게 상품의 브랜드와 디자인 인지도를 높이고 자 한다. 또한 색상으로 일반상품과 고급상품으로 구분하거 나 농가별, 산지별 그리고 상품의 등급별로 디자인을 구분 적 용시킴으로 각 상품의 신뢰성을 높이는 패키지 디자인을 제 안한다. “Lily Korea”라는 통합 브랜드 적용과 패키지 디자인의 질적 수준 향상으로 소비자가 타 브랜드와 혼돈하지 않고 상품 의 신뢰성을 바탕으로 재구매를 유도하여 상품의 명확성을 높이며 개별 브랜드의 약점인 영세 농가들의 마케팅 비용 절감과 수출 시장 진출 시 쉽게 우위를 다지는 시너지효과를 가 져 올 것으로 기대된다. 더 나아가 ‘Rose Korea’, ‘Tulip Kore a’ 등과 같이 화훼 시장에서 타 상품에 도 “Korea”라는 통합적인 아이덴티티를 적용하여 한국 상품에 대한 브랜드의 인지 도와 신뢰성을 높이는 레버리지 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그 결과 브랜드의 명성을 통해 국가 브랜드로서 강력한 파워를 형성하여 구매 충성도를 높여 구매수요 증대와 시장의 확대를 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

We have recently Agricultural changing international market, such as openness and an effort to FTA on trade between countries became important positioned. The ann ual exports of cut flowers of lilies growing export busine ss in the world against the global economic market has opened for export promotion requires a lot of effort. Lilies for the promotion of exports, this study strengthen the national brand image for a unified brand strategy is proposed as an alternative. By integrating brand strateg y, "Lily Korea" Korea's a lily of the brand naming and logo incorporated into direct representation is proposed. When exporting direct sales to consumers, but flowers are sold through an auction market, the market for your environment for building integrated brand identity to packa ge design is presented. This study for the promotion of export of the lily to strengthen national brand image of a unified brand strategy is proposed as an alternative. By integrating brand strate gy, "Lily Korea" Korea's a lily of the brand naming and logo representation directly to suggestions. And buried alive when exporting directly to consumers rather than the way flowers are sold through an auction market integrati on based on market conditions for building brand identity and package design is to present. Package design, layout, by using the same product to consumers in export marke ts and increase brand awareness. In addition to color, gen eral merchandise and luxury items to increase the reliabil ity of each item separately on the package design is prop osed. "Lily Korea" a integrating brand and package design to improve the quality of the consumer is not confused with other brands, products based on the reliability of the lead to repurchase increases the clarity of the product. Weakn ess of the individual brand marketing costs for small-sca le farmers and exporters easy-to-market advantage, Dodge is expected to bring synergy. Furthermore, ‘Rose Kore a’, ‘Tulip Korea’ like flowers on the market in other products "Korea" to apply a unified identity for the product to increase brand awareness and credibility is expected to h ave a leverage effect. As a result, the brand's reputation as a strong power to get through a national brand loyalty and increase purchase and expand the market for buying and increased demand is expected to promote.

본 연구는 정신건강 앱 및 AI 서비스와 관련한 사용자 피 드백을 심층적으로 분석하여 서비스 개선 방안을 도출하고, 사용자 요구 도출 및 개선방안을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한 다. 이를 위해 사용자 참여(Co-creation) 기반 환경에서 초점 집단 심층면접(FGI)을 실증적으로 진행하며 사용자 경험 및 요구사항을 파악하였다. 연구는 'AI 기반 심리·지능 검사 및 해석 서비스 실증' 연구로 명명되었으며, 2024년 11월 1일부 터 2025년 8월 30일까지 운영되었다. 관악구에 거주하는 초등 학생 학부모 15명이 '아맘때 스스로해결단'이라는 명칭으로 참여하였으며, 자녀 학년의 고른 분포로 모집의 대표성을 확 보하였다. 연구결과, '아맘때' 앱 사용자들은 검사 콘텐츠(질 문 반복, 연령 부적합, 신뢰성 부족), 시스템 및 접근성(디바이스 혼용, 초기 난이도, 결과 확인 제한), 상담 서비스(시간 부족, 피상적 내용, 온라인 신뢰도 부족), 그리고 부가 요소 (비용 대비 가치, 주제 다양성, 홍보 부족) 측면에서 구체적인 개선 의견을 제시하였다. 이에 기업은 검사 콘텐츠의 질문 다양화, 연령별 검사 도입, 심리·지능검사 구분 명확화 등을 계획하고 있으며, 시스템 측면에서는 모바일 지원 확대, UI·용어 수정, 지속적인 결과 확인을 통한 접근성 제고를 목표로 한다. 또한, 상담 서비스의 심층성 및 맞춤형 솔루션 제공을 통한 신뢰 구축, 부가 요소의 가격 대비 가치 증대, 주제 다양 화, 신뢰도 높은 홍보를 통해 사용자 만족도와 서비스 품질을 향상시키는 전략을 도출하였다. 이러한 사용자 중심의 적극 적인 앱 개선 노력은 시장 경쟁력을 강화하고 정신건강 서비스 접근성 향상에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

The purpose of this study is to derive service improvem ent measures by in-depth analysis of user feedback related to mental health apps and AI services, and to propose a reg ion-linked sustainable model. To this end, the focus group in-depth interview (FGI) was empirically conducted in a Co -creation-based environment to identify user experiences a nd requirements. The study was named 'AI-based psychol ogical and intelligence test and interpretation service demo nstration' research project and operated from November 1, 2024 to August 30, 2025. Fifteen parents of elementary scho ol students living in Gwanak-gu participated under the na me of 'Self-Solve Team at Amm', and the representativene ss of the recruitment was secured by the even distribution of their children's grades. At Amam time', app users prese nted specific improvement opinions in terms of test content (repeat questions, age non-conformity, lack of reliability), s ystem and accessibility (mixing devices, initial difficulty, li mited checking results), counseling service (lack of time, la ck of superficial content, lack of online reliability), and addit ional factors (value for cost, subject diversity, lack of publi city). Accordingly, the company plans to diversify the quest ions of the test content, introduce tests by age, and clarify the distinction between psychological and intelligent tests. In terms of the system, it aims to increase accessibility by expanding mobile support, modifying UI and terminology, a nd continuously checking results. In addition, strategies we re derived to improve user satisfaction and service quality through in-depth consultation services and building trust b y providing customized solutions, increasing the value-to-v alue of additional factors, diversifying topics, and promotin g high reliability.

강구조 건축물의 기둥부재 내화성능은 접합부의 경계조건과 기둥부재의 길이에 따라 변화되지만, 내화성능 평가는 실험장비의 제약과 기술적 요인으로 인하여 힌지단과 3500 mm 길이 조건으로 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 실제 강구조물에 적용되는 기둥부재는 부지조건과 설계조건에 따라 다양한 경계조건과 길이의 변화를 가져올 수 있으며, 이에 대한 내화성능의 평가는 대상으로 고온 시의 재료특성과 해석적 이론을 바탕으로 고온 시 구조적 성능을 평가하여, 경계조건과 길이 변화에 따른 내화성능의 기본 자료를 도출하였다.

Steel column is very important an structural element in steel framed building and plays a key role in sustataining the applied external load. Generally, the fire resistance performance of steel column has been executed by application of fire standard and vertical furnace having a limitation in height. Therefore, the fire resistance test was conducted with a H-section column having 3500 mm in length and hinge to hinge boundary condition. And the fire protective material derived from the fire test can be applied to any kind of boundary conditions and lengths. However, it is hard to determine the fire resistance. In this paper, to make sure the structural stability of them at high temperature according to various boundary conditions and lengths of H-section column, an analysis was done by using the mechanical properties and an heat transfer theory.

Shinseoncho and kale were divided into stem [shinseoncho stems (SS) and kale stems (KS)] and leaf parts [shinseoncho leaves (SL) and kale leaves (KL)] and made into green vegetable juices for analyses of nutritional compositions and antioxidant activities. Higher values of total acidity were observed in SL (0.736%) and KL (0.841%) than in SS (0.417%) and KS (0.335%) (p<0.05). Neutral sugar content showed higher values in SS (21.740 mg/mL) and SL (18.657 mg/mL) when compared with KS (1.497 mg/mL) and KL (1.452 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Protein content showed the highest value in SL (7.610 mg/mL) (p<0.05), while SS (0.403 mg/mL) and KS (0.403 mg/mL) showed similar lower values. Total polyphenol contents of SL (423.139 ${\mu}g/mL$) was significantly higher value (p<0.05) than those of other samples, which occurred in the following order: SL>KL (218.494 ${\mu}g/mL$) KS (107.269 ${\mu}g/mL$)>SS (75.894 ${\mu}g/mL$). KL exerted the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (84.834%) (p<0.05), which occurred in the following order: KL>SL (63.473%)>KS (52.894%)>SS (35.443%). ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that SL (66.088%) and KL (38.511%) had higher scavenging activities, whereas SS (7.695%) and KS (9.609%) demonstrated to be lower activities (p<0.05). In general, leaf parts had much higher antioxidant activities as well as total polyphenol contents than those of the stem parts. In conclusion, shinseoncho and kale, particularly their leaf parts, offer antioxidant properties in green vegetable juices and the consumption of them may be beneficial as a nutrition source and in health protection.

건물의 우수관에 연결하여 초기빗물의 부유물질을 처리할 수 있는 장치를 개발하기 위하여 건물옥상 유출 빗물의 수질특성 변화를 파악하고 다양한 여재를 활용해 초기빗물의 부유물질 제거를 연구하였다. 건물옥상 유출빗물의 입자성 물질은 대부분 $10{\sim}30{\mu}m$의 크기로, 부유물질 농도는 강우시 초기 10~20분까지 높았고 점진적으로 감소하였다. 옥상유출빗물의 용존성 유기물과 무기물의 농도도 유출 초기에 높게 나타났다. Anthracite (AC), Polyurethane (PU), Polypropylene (PP) 여재로 여과시 초기에 50%의 부유물질을 제거할 수 있었으나 20분 이상 여과시 제거율이 급격히 낮아졌다. 세척후 반복여과를 고려하면 AC 여재만 9회까지 재사용가능하였다. 여재층의 높이가 높을수록, 통과유량이 적을수록 시간에 따른 SS 제거율 감소폭은 적었고, 여재층 30 cm, 유량 12 L/min 이하로 운전할 경우 초기빗물(SS = 450 mg/L)의 SS 제거율 50%를 달성할 수 있었다.

We analyzed the water quality of first flush and rainfall runoff from a building rooftop, and investigated the removal of suspended solids (SS) in first flush using various media to develop a first flush filtration system. Particle size distribution exhibited most of particles in first flush from the rooftop ranged from 10 to 30 ${\mu}m$. SS concentrations maxed in 10~20 min and decreased afterwards. Dissolved organics and inorganic materials in runoff also showed highest levels in first flush (10 min). Filtration tests using anthracite (AC), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP) showed about 50% of SS removal during the first 10 min operation, but the removal rates dramatically decreased after 20 min of filtration. Based upon the results from rinse and run cycle tests, only AC could achieve nice cycles without distinct decease of SS removal. SS removal rates increased with higher depth of media bed and lower flowrate. The system achieved over 50% of SS removal with a media depth of 30 cm and flowrate < 12 L/min.

본 연구에서는 빗물과 중수를 연계하여 각각의 단점을 극복하고 장점을 극대화 할 수 있는 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템을 설계하고 서울대학교에 설치하여 수량 및 수질 모니터링과 경제성을 평가하였다. 건물에서 발생하는 오수 중세면, 샤워용수를 중수로 선택하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하였으며, 건물 옥상에서 집수된 빗물은 저류 후 처리수조로 이송되어 처리된 저농도 오수와 혼합되어 변기 세척용수로 공급하였다. 변기 세척용수 $3,979m^3$ 중 65%인 $2,599m^3$를 빗물 이용과 저농도 오수를 재이용하였다. 빗물은 총대장균을 제외한 나머지 항목에서 중수도 수질 기준을 만족하였으며, 저농도 오수는 탁도, SS, BOD, 총대장균이 기준치를 초과하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하여 안정적인 수질을 유지하였다. 경제성 분석 결과, 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템은 B/C (Benefit-Cost Ratio) 비율이 1.11으로 사업의 타당성이 있다고 판단된다. 물 재이용시설의 이용확대를 위해 시설 운영에 따른 경제성을 높이기 위한 다양한 연구 및 정책적 지원이 필요하다.

In this study, rainwater-greywater hybrid system was installed and operated for 1 year in order to evaluate its water quantity, water quality, and economic efficiency in building no. 39. This system was expected to overcome each disadvantages of and maximize each advantages. Low-greywater that was washed up from shower room was treated by MBR (Membrane Bioreactor) and ozone oxidation. Rainwater that was collected from the rooftop was stored in a reservoir, and then transferred to the storage tank that was mixed with treated greywater. After 1 year operating in building no. 39, rainwater and greywater was used to supply $2,599m^3$ of toilet flushing water. In terms of water quality, rainwater was satisfied far the greywater reuse standards except for E.coli. Moreover, low greywater quality was acceptable except for E. coli, BOD, SS, and turbidity. In addition, economic analysis was obtained from benefit-cost ratio (B/C) with 1.11. It implies that the feasibility of the project was reasonable. Furthermore, various research and policy to improve the economic efficiency of water recycling facilities is required to expand the use of water recycling facilities.

건축물 구획공간에 따른 화재성상 및 열방출율을 측정하기 위하여 실물규모 침대 매트리스의 표준화재시험방법(KS F ISO 12949 : 2011)으로 화재시험을 수행하였다. 개방형공간과 구획공간 모두 버너착화 후 초기 약 3분까지는 유사한 화재성장의 경향을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 3분후 구획공간에서의 열방출율이 개방형 공간보다 증가되어 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 침대 매트리스(SS)의 경우, 개방형 공간에서의 최대열방출율은 735 kW이며, 구획공간에서의 최대열방출율은 992 kW 로 측정되었다. 침대 매트리스(Q)의 경우 3분후 구획공간에서의 열방출율이 개방형 공간보다 급격하게 증가되는 것으로 확인되었다. 개방형 공간에서의 최대열방출율은 1,087 kW, 이 때의 측정시간은 346s 이며, 구획공간에서의 최대열방출율은 2,127 kW, 이때의 측정시간은 287 s 측정되어 구획공간에 따른 최대열방출율 및 측정시간의 차이가 확인되었다.

To measure the full scale fire test and heat release rate of bed mattresses according to the building compartment space, a fire test was performed using the Standard test method to determine the heat release rate of mattresses and mattress sets (KS F ISO 12949: 2011). Both test locations showed similar fire growth until approximately 3 minutes after burner ignition. After 3 minutes, the heat release rate in the test room was higher than the open calorimeter. For bed mattresses (SS), the maximum heat release rate in the open calorimeter was 735 kW and the maximum heat release rate in the test room was 992 kW. For bed mattresses (Q), the heat release rate in the test room increased more rapidly than the open calorimeter. The maximum heat release rate in the open calorimeter was 1,087 kW (346 s) and the maximum heat release rate in the test room was 2,127 kW (287 s). The difference between the maximum heat release rate and the measurement time according to the test location was confirmed.

이 연구의 목적은 2024년 미국 트럼프 대통령 테러사건 사례분석 연구를 통해 향후 우리나라가 지향해야 할 경호안전 정책의 방향성을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위한 연구방법으로는 미 상원 국토안보·정무위원회와 국토안보부에서 각각 발간한 조사결과보고서 등 주요 문헌연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 미국의 최근 요인테러 양상을 토대로 트럼프 대통령 테러사건 사례를 비밀경호국(SS) 및 관계기관의 주요 경호 조치사항 및 문제점을 중심으로 분석하였다. 주요 쟁점으로는 통합적 지휘 및 통신체계 운용, 대드론체계(C-UAS)의 효율적 작동, CSU(Counter Surveillance Unit) 등 경호자산 효율적 배치 여부, 거버넌스 차원의 관계기관간 협업 및 현장 초동대응 조치, 테러발생 후 인지전 관점의 허위조작정보 확산 등이 도출되었다. 이를 토대로 한 우리나라의 경호안전정책의 주요 5가지 시사점으로 대통령경호처 중심의 통합된 경호안전 대응체계 체계 구축, 마이크로타겟팅 위협 등 인지전 대응 역량 강화, 관계기관 정보협의체 역량 강화 및 상설화된 대테러합동조사팀 창설, 대드론 거버넌스(민관군경) 대응체계 역량 강화, 현장 인적·물적 요소에 대한 감시대응(Surveillance Counter-Measures) 역량 강화 등을 도출하였다.

The purpose of this study is to derive the direction of security policies that our country should aim for in the future through a case analysis of the 2024 terrorist incidents involving President Trump in the United States. The research method involved a literature review of key documents, including the US Senate Committee on Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs' report on the Trump assassination attempts. First, the study analyzed the recent trends in high-profile terrorism in the United States, focusing on the key security measures and issues of the Secret Service (SS) and related agencies in the Trump terrorist incidents. Major issues identified included the lack of established command systems and collaboration among agencies, communication gaps, failure of the C-UAS (Counter-Unmanned Aircraft Systems) system, inadequate initial response measures, allocation and shortage of security assets, and insufficient control of search and security zones. Based on these findings, the study derived four main implications for our country's security policies: establishing an integrated hybrid command and control system centered on the Presidential Security Service, strengthening the capabilities of the intelligence community and counter-terrorism joint investigation teams to prepare for new terrorist threats, building a governance response system (public-private-military-police) for counter-drone measures, and enhancing counter-surveillance capabilities for monitoring and responding to high-risk individuals.

본 연구는 국내에 새롭게 도입하고자 시운전중인 석탄가스화복합발전(IGCC)에서 발생하는 석탄가스화 용융슬래그(CGS)를 국내의 부족한 골재자원으로 재활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 즉, 부족한 골재자원확보를 위해 IGCC에서 발생하는 CGS를 빈배합 모르타르인 콘크리트 2차제품용 잔골재로 활용하고자 국내 건설산업에서 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 석산의 부순 잔골재로 양호한 품질의 CSa 및 굵은 입자로 표준입도를 벗어난 CSb와 해사인 SS를 혼합한 혼합잔골재에 CGS를 0~100 % 범위에서 치환하는 것을 검토하였다. 연구결과, CSa 혹은 CSb+SS에 CGS를 25~50% 정도 치환할 경우 골재의 입도측면 및 시멘트 모르타르의 유동성 및 압축강도 측면에서 양호한 결과가 얻어져 활용가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study reviewed the possibility of recycling into exhausted aggregate resources in Korea as a means of utilizing coal gasification slag(CGS) from integrated gasification combined cycle(IGCC) while being commissioned in order to introduce the new system to Korea. In other words, in order to solve the problem of insufficient aggregate resources, CGS generated by IGCC as a residual aggregate for concrete secondary products, which is an empty mortar, was considered to replace CGS in the range of 0 to 100 % for mixed residual aggregate mixed with crushed sand A(CSa) of good quality and sea sand(SS) of deep particles, which are the most commonly used in the domestic construction industry. According to the study, replacing CGS with CSa or crushed sand B(CSb)+SS by 25 % to 50 % resulted in good results in the aspect of the granularity of the aggregate and the workability and compressive strength of cement mortar, which were found to be usable.

In the traditional view the ultimate goal of !IÙssion was to build up the indigenous church which can stand itself carrying out seκ govercúng, self-propagating, self-supporting. For this reason the 버ree-self princip1e was considered the most crucial princip1e in !IÙSsion strategies. At 1east until 1950s there was almost no one who doubted or opposed the formula. Yet with the app끊rance of .Mìssio Dei concept -- which emphasizes the "wodd" instead of the "church"-- in the 1950s, 10ts of criticisms fell on the three-self princip1e which specially focused on indigenous church. Finally in these days the three-self princip1e seems to be considered an antique or use1ess concept not drawing any interest. This article started from the question why this change occurred and whether this kind of negative view toward the princip1e is pro따 or not. With the concern fìrst 1 invl뼈gated the major contents of the 버ree-self formula to find out the strengths and we와ffiesSes of the principle. πlen evaluating all the criticisms on the principles whether or not they are pro야r， 1 found out that it is hard to accept some criticisms though some are valid. on the contrary to the negative view on the principle, 1 recognized that the principle is st피 very useful with lots of strong points and wisdoms for effective church planting ministry in the ffilSSlon fìeld. of course, the three-self principle is not the perfeα fi11SS10n principle as all others are not either. 깐le principle is not the unique answer for solving problems in today’s mission either. In addition there might be some fi11SS10n fìelds where it is hard to apply this formula exactly. However, 1 recognized that the three-self principles is very effective in building up healthy churches. Some scholars in the liberal wing tend to see church planting in the ffilSslon fìeld as the act of imperialistic rnission. However, it is mψossible to think of mission without church, since having Christian faith without community is impossible. One of the most serious problems in m따ly mission fìelds today is the churches that rely only on fi11SS10naries. There are so many churches that cannot stand well without the help of fi11ss10naries though they started 10 - 20 years ago. The worse thing is that there is a high possibility that these churches would dose their doors or be changed to other purposed-building 얹sily as s∞n as fi11SS10narles 않.ve the place. Furthermore, since the church is fragile, so are the seminaries also. The churches cannot provide canclidates for future pastors to the seminaries due to the lack of people, and 바ewise the seminaries cannot send g∞d pastors to the church either. As a res버t of trus, as we can easily e한Ject， the vicious cycle is continued, and the people in the mission field getting relying on missionaries more and more. so the missionaries cannot leave the rrusslon field though there are thousands of places where the more urgent needs are existing. In our missionary enterprises, 외1 our resources and times are ωnited Considering the wide mission fields and the 야!Ople’s needs there, we cannot but evaluate the effectiveness of our missionary works. π1fee- self principles provides abundant ideas and gt피delines to the rrusslOnaries desiring to do effective mi띠stries in the rrusslon fields. If we refer to the three-self principles and try to apply the id않s drawn from the formula, our rrusslOnary works ’'would be much more effective in b띠lcling up churches that grow up strongly and transform their society faithfully.

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Im folgenden sind aus räumlichen Gründen nur die Entwürfe und ganz kurze Begründung der Reformkommission des Koreanischen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuches bezüglich des einzelnen Vertragsverhältnisses zusammengestellt. Über die Einzelheiten wird auf die betroffenen Stellen im Text verwiesen.[표]§556 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 g.F. nennt nur „eine strafbare Handlung„ als Undankbare Handlung ausser Verweigerung der Unterhaltspflichtserfüllung von Nr. 2. Dies hat die 4. UK zu eng bewertet, so dass sie sich einigt, die Undankbarkeitsgründe zu erweitern, zwar um „Misshandlungen oder sonstige erhebliche Missbehandlungen gegenüber dem Schenker, dessen Ehegatten oder Verwandte in gerader Linie„.[표]Die 4. UK hat auch zum Diskussionsgegenstand gemacht, ob eine allgemeine Vorschrift über Schutzpflicht in KBGB eingefügt werden soll, wenn ja, wo denn. Der allgemeine Teil vom Vertragsrecht kam auch als Alternative in Frage, die UK bleibt jedoch bei der §6552 und auch einig, dass sie keine unabdingbare darstellt.[표]§667 g.F. kennt nur Beseitigung des Mangels und Schadensersatz als Gewährleistungsfolgen, nun will die 4. UK die Gewährleistungspflichten um einen Typus erweitern; Minderung der Vergütung. Denn es hat sich auch aus der Perspektiv der Rechtsvergleichung für beide Teile des Werkvertrages leichter erwiesen. §638 BGB,3.2.9.04 UchidaE fanden Berücksichtigung. Bei UchidaE steht man jedoch vor der Alternative, die die jetzige Form des JBGB aufrechterhalten will. §634 JBGB nähmlich ähnelt dem §667 KBGB. Im Übrigen wird dieser DE dann besonders stark in Erwägung gezogen, wenn das Kaufrecht einen Minderungsanspruch in die Gewährleistungspflichten einfügen würde. Die Rechtsbehelfe von beiden Vertragstypen sollten sich möglichst in Pararell entwickeln wie in BGB.[표]Nach dem geltenden KBGB kann eine Partei den Vertrag aufheben, wenn die Zweckerreichung des Vertrages unmöglich wird, wobei die Nichterfüllung meist wesentlich sein müsste. Nach §668 KBGB kann der Besteller aber ausnahmsweise nicht vom Vertrag zurücktreten, wenn wenn der Vertrag auf den Aufbau eines Gebäudes oder Bauwerks gerichtet ist. Damit will man berücksichtigen, dass Gebäude oder Bauwerk sozialwirtschaftlich kostbares ist. Die 4. UK möchte diesmal etwas anders überlegen und vorschlagen dass Gebäude oder Bauwerk mit schwerem Mangel im Gegenteil höhere Kosten verursachen können. Des weiteren hat das KHG auch mal entschieden, dass der Bestellter in ähnlich gelagertem Fall den Vertrag aufheben könne(KHG 2003. 11. 14,2002da2485(ÖGB 2003ha, S. 2329); es ging um einen Kaufvertrag vom Appartement,für den „Act on the ownership and management of aggregate building„ §9 I gilt,der wiederum auf §667671 KBGB hinweist. Das KHG hat hierbei ausdrücklich verweigert, §668 S. 2 anzuwenden). Dies will die 4. UK nicht ausser Acht lassen[표]Hierbei muss man schon §272 in Rücksicht nehmen, der das Eigentum zur gesamten Hand regelt. §272 heisst dass „zur Verfügung über die Sache oder deren Veränderung die Zustimmung aller Gesamthänder erforderlich ist und jeder Gesamthänder jeoch berechtigt ist, die Erhaltungsmassmahmen allein zu treffen„. Also das KBGB kennt das Gesamthandeigentum und hat, anders als in Japan,Spezialvorschriften(§§271274) dafür. Gesellschaftsvermögen gehört auch zum Gesamthandeigentum, dennoch hat das Gesellschaftvertragsrecht von §272abweichende Regelung getroffen, nämlich Angelegenheiten der Gesellschaft werden durch Beschluss der Mehrheit aller Gesellschafter geordnet. Steht die Geschäftsführung mehreren Gesellschaftern zu, so muss sie durch die Mehrheit der Stimmen entschieden werden. Demgemäss ist, mindest vom Wortsinn aus, nicht herzuleiten, dass zur Verfügung über die Gesellschaftsvermögen oder deren Veränderung die Zustimmung aller Gesellschafter erforderlich ist. Auch das KHG hat sich der Ansicht angeschlossen. KHG 2010.4.29, 2007da18911(ÖGB 2010sang, S. 969)stellte fest dass §706 II d...

본 연구는 국내의 부족한 골재자원확보, 폐기물 재활용 및 콘크리트의 품질향상을 목적으로 시도되었다. 즉, 잔골재의 혼합은 굵은 입자를 많이 포함하여 표준입도범위를 벗어나는 석산B(CSb) 및 건설현장의 터파기한 발파석을 분쇄한 발파석(BS)과 미세한 입자를 많이 포함하여 표준입도범위를 벗어나는 해사(SS)를 혼합하는 것으로 한다. 또한, CSb+SS, BS+SS를 혼합골재로 제조할 경우, 전반적으로는 표준입도범위에 포함될지라도 0.15mm이상의 미립자가 부족하므로서 모르타르 및 콘크리트 품질에 결함으로 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 여기에 겨울철 초기강도에 기여하지 못하므로서 버려지는 화력발전소의 미정제 석탄회(Ra)를 0~10% 범위에서 치환하는 것을 검토하였다. 연구결과, CSb 혹은 BS와 SS를 6:4의 비율로 혼합하여 혼합골재로 제조하고, 여기에 Ra를 5% 치환할 경우 골재의 입도측면 및 시멘트 모르타르의 품질 측면에서 가장 양호한 결과가 얻어짐을 확인 할 수 있었다.

The aim of the research is improving the quality of concrete by using the alternative aggregate resources and recycling wastes. To make a combined aggregate fitted in standard particle size distribution curve, crushed sand from blasted rock debris was used as a base aggregate. Additionally, to increase the portion of fine particles, sea sand was mixed. Although these aggregate combination fit the standard particle size distribution curve, in this research, raw coal ash was replaced as a microfine. According to the experiment, by replacing 5% raw coal ash, the most favorable results were achieved in aggregate gradation and cement mortar quality.

실환경에서는 비래염분 뿐만 아니라 자외선, 산성비, 산업공해 부유 물질 등의 여러 가지 복합 열화요소에 노출되어 있어 강재가 발청(發錆)하는 임계 비래염분량을 찾기에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 비래염분 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 인위적으로 비래염분 부착량을 조절하였으며 강재 마감별 5종을 대상으로 부식촉진 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 NC, UC, RLC-1, SS201에 각각 0.58~0.73, 7.89~8.46, 57.95~69.48, $80.73{\sim}89.35mg/dm^2$의 비래염분량을 부착시켰을 때 발청하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 발청 후 부식속도는 각각 1.60, 0.36, 0.97, 0.17로 NC가 가장 빠른 부식속도를 가지는 것으로 평가 되었다.

Many studies have investigated the airborne chlorides that can weaken the overall durability of the concrete structures due to the corrosion of steel materials, but most of the studies have aimed to examine weathering by exposing various construction materials to the actual oceanic environment. However, with the exposure test, it was difficult to find the threshold of precise corrosive amount of airborne chlorides due to diverse deteriorating environmental factors such as ultraviolet ray, acid rain, floating material from industrial pollution as well as airborne chlorides. Therefore, in this study, an airborne chloride simulator was set up, in oder to conduct a corrosion accelerating test for steels coated by five different finishing materials. As results, it was found that the corrosion began to be observed at $0.58{\sim}0.73mg/dm^2$ for no-coated steel, at $7.89{\sim}8.46mg/dm^2$for urethane-coated steel, at $57.95{\sim}69.48mg/dm^2$ for red lead-coated steel, and at $80.73{\sim}89.35mg/dm^2$ for stainless-coated steel, respectively. Hence, these specific data can be considered as the threshold ranges of corrosion for each coating material for steel.

최근 전 세계적으로 폭탄테러 및 폭발사고가 빈발하여, 인명 및 재산피해가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 방호 방폭 성능을 갖는 고성능 시멘트 복합재료(HPFRCC)에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최적의 HPFRCC를 군부대 시설에 실제적으로 적용하기에 앞서 유 무기 복합섬유 혼입율 및 ERCO 혼입율 변화에 따른 HPFRCC의 기초적 특성 및 자기수축 저감 성능을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 적절한 유동성, 강도, 자기수축저감 효과를 종합적으로 고려할 때 복합섬유(SS+OL) 혼입율 1.5%에 ERCO 0.5%의 혼입이 가장 효과적인 것으로 평가 되었다.

Recently, because of the terrorisms or warfare, the damages of human life or facilities have been increased. Hence, the Korean government launched the research group for high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) with increased demanding on protecting and anti-explosive structures. Therefore, in this research, to apply the HPFRCC on military facilities with optimum performance on workability and performance, the fundamental properties and reduction of autogenous shrinkage of HPFRCC with various combinations of steel and organic fiber and emulsified refined cooking oil (ERCO) were evaluated. As a result, based on the comprehensive analysis, for favorable workability, strength, and autogenous shrinkage, 1.5 % of combined fiber of short steel fiber and long organic fiber and 0.5 % of ERCO was suggested as an optimum conditions.

최근에는 현대사회의 기술발전으로 인간의 삶의 질이 향상됨에 따라 건설산업에서도 재료 및 건축구조물의 발전이 계속되고 있는데, 그 중에서 콘크리트 재료의 발전이 특히 주목받고 있다. 그러나, 콘크리트는 간편성, 공기단축 및 높은 압축강도 등의 이점이 있는 반면에, 낮은 인장 및 휨강도, 취성파괴 및 건조수축 등의 문제점들이 발생하여 일부 기업 및 학계에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 섬유보강 콘크리트 등 다방면의 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중, 섬유의 다량혼입으로 큰 응력에서 넓은 범위의 변형을 일으킬 수 있는 HPFRCC 재료 개발의 경우 섬유의 다량 혼입으로 높은 인성 등 발휘하는 장점이 있으나, 섬유 뭉침 등의 문제로 유동성 저하의 문제점이 발생하여 궁극적으로는 콘크리트의 품질저하를 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인장 및 휨 강도 성능 향상을 확보를 위해 섬유를 활용한 섬유보강 HPFRCC의 시멘트 복합재료에 시공성능을 향상시키기 위한 목적으로 유 무기 섬유 조합변화에 따른 HPFRCC의 유동 특성 및 역학적 특성 등을 분석하므로서 최적의 섬유조합을 제안하고자 한다. 결과적으로 1 % 소량 혼입시 유동성 측면에서는 섬유 조합변화한 경우보다 단독으로 사용하였을 경우 높은 유동성을 나타내었고 특히, SS섬유의 경우가 가장 높은 유동성을 나타내었다. 또한 공기량이 낮았던 유기섬유의 경우 상대적으로 공기량이 높았던 강섬유의 비해 강도는 높았지만 인장 및 휨 강도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

For the construction materials, concrete, as the most widely used material, is focused on its improvement of performance. Although concrete has many advantages of easiness of handling, economical benefits, and high compressive strength, low tensile strength, brittleness and drying shrinkage are reported as the drawbacks of concrete. Hence, to solve these drawbacks of concrete, many research has conducted especially using fiber-reinforced concrete technology. Especially, HPFRCC which has high volume of fiber reinforcement was suggested as a solution of these drawbacks of normal concrete with increased ductility while it has the possibility of workability loss with fiber clumping which can cause low performance of concrete. Therefore, in this paper, optimized fiber combination with either or both metal and organic fibers is suggested to provide better performance of HPFRCC in tensile strength and ductility. As the results of experiment, better workability was achieved with 1 % of single fiber rather than multiple fibers combinations, espeically, short steel fiber showed the best workability result. Furthermore, in the case of organic fibers which showed higher air content than steel fibers, higher compressive strength was achieved while lower tensile and flexural strength were shown.