Earticle

본 논문에서는 LoRa 통신기술 기반의 ‘스마트 안전관리 시스템’의 통신 음영지역 해소를 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 재난현장 또는 산업현장의 고위험 작업장에 투입된 소방대원 및 작업자의 안전을 확보하기 위해 선행연구에서 IoT/ICT 기술을 융합한 ‘스마트 안전관리 시스템’을 개발하였다. 작업자의 부동상태를 감지하고, 비상 신호를 자동으로 현장지휘부 단말기로 전송하 여 골든타임 내 요구조자를 구조할 수 있는 시스템으로써 목표한 모든 기능이 구현된 것을 확인하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 복잡 하고 다양한 작업현장에서 안전태그와 현장지휘부 단말기 간의 통신 음영지역이 발생하여 비상 신호를 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 없는 경우가 있으며, 이는 매우 중요한 이슈사항으로 인식하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 통신 음영지역을 해소하기 위해 작업자 개인별로 착용하는 안전태그에 중계기 기능을 부여하였다. 통신 음영지역에서 위험 상황에 처한 작업자의 비상 신호를 함께 투입된 작업자의 안전태그를 통해 현장지휘부 단말기로 전달할 수 있도록 하였다. 비상 신호를 현장지휘부 단말기 로 전달하기 위한 최적의 알고리즘을 개발하여 안전태그에 펌웨어로 구현하였다. 구현된 통신 음영지역 해소 성능을 확인하기 위해 복수의 지하층으로 구성된 대형 복합건축물에서 실험을 수행하였다. 실혐결과 안전태그의 중계기 역할을 통해 통신 음영 지역이 해소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 복수의 지하층에서도 통신이 개선되는 것을 확인하였다. 향후 안전태그의 중계 (Repeating) 횟수를 증가시켜 통신 음영지역 해소범위를 확대할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 다만, 중계 횟수의 증가에 따른 알고 리즘의 복잡도 증가와 이에 따른 전체적인 통신성능 저하 가능성에 대해서는 충분한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

Purpose: The study aimed to develop a mind-body therapeutic program and evaluate its effects on mitigating uncertainty, anxiety, and implantation rate of second-trial in vitro fertilization (IVF) women. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group nonsynchronized design. The conceptual framework and program content were developed from a preliminary survey of eight infertile women and the extensive review of the literature. Program focuses on three uncertainty-induced anxieties in infertile women: cognitive, emotional, and biological responses. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, the infertile women with unknown cause preparing for a second IVF treatment were sampled at convenience (26 experimental and 24 control). Results: The experimental group in the study showed greater decrease in uncertainty and anxiety in premeasurements and postmeasurements than the control group did. However, no statistically significant differences in the implantation rate between groups were observed. Conclusion: This study is meaningful as the first intervention program for alleviating uncertainty and anxiety provided during the IVF treatment process. The positive effects of the mind-body therapeutic program in alleviating both uncertainty and anxiety have direct meaning for clinical applications.

In the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), a subgroup of those with a score of 1 due to limitations in the active straight leg raising (ASLR) but not in the passive straight leg raising is considered to have a stability or motor control dysfunction (SMCD). The FMS proposes the use of the movements in a reverse pattern to improve FMS scores. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reverse pattern of the ASLR (re-verse-ASLR) was more effective than repeating the ASLR to improve the FMS score in participants with the FMS ASLR score of 1 due to the SMCD (ASLR-1-SMCD). A two-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted in individuals with the ASLR-1-SMCD. The intervention was either the reverse-ASLR or the ASLR exercise on both sides at home for a month followed by a 1-month wait-and-see interval, wherein the pri-mary outcome measure was the right FMS ASLR score. Forty partici-pants were randomized to the ASLR exercise group (n=20) or the re-verse-ASLR exercise group (n=20). The Fisher exact test demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P=0.020) in the proportion of those with FMS ASLR score improvement to a score of 2 (ASLR exercise group, one; reverse-ASLR exercise group, eight) at follow-up 1, but no signifi-cance (P=0.106) at follow-up 2 (ASLR exercise group, none; reverse- ASLR exercise group, four). This study indicated that the reverse-ASLR exercise was more effective than repeating the ASLR exercise in order to improve the ASLR score among individuals with the ASLR-1-SMCD.

일반적으로, 유리수와 관련된 소수표현의 문제는 정수론에서 주로 다룬다. 이 논문에서는 잘 알려진 군론을 이 용하여 이러한 문제를 고찰해 보았다. 먼저, 유리수의 순환소수(repeating decimal)를 찾는 알고리즘을 고찰하여 이를 python으로 코딩을 해 보았다. 그리고 분모가 소수(prime)인 분수의 소수(decimal)표현을 군(group)의 관점에 서 고찰하였다. 구체적으로, 2와 5가아닌 소수 p에 대하여  의 순환마디 개수는 (Z , Xp)의 부분군 <10>의 위 수와 같다. 또한 (a=1,2,...,p-1)의 순환마디의 종류는 부분군 <10>의 잉여류의 개수만큼 나타난다.

In general, the problem of decimal representation related to rational numbers is mainly dealt with in the number theory. In this paper, these problems were considered using the well-known group theory. First, an algorithm for finding the repeating decimal of a rational number was considered, and it was coded as python. And the decimal expression of the fraction whose denominator is prime was considered from the perspective of the group. Specifically, for a prime number p other than 2 and 5, the number of cyclic nodes of  is equal to the order of the subgroup <10> of (Z , Xp). Also, the number of cyclic nodes in  (a=1,2,...,p-1) appears as many as the number of cosets of <10> in (Z , Xp).

Ku band의 위성 신호 중계 기술은 수신 신호의 편파 변환을 통해 고층 건물이나 나무, 기타 지형지물에 의해 만들어진 전파 음영지역에서도 위성 방송 서비스의 적용이 가능하다. 본 논문은 안테나 패턴과 사용 주파수 대역에 대해 편파 특성을 만족시키는 고성능 편파 식별 안테나의 제작에 초점을 둔다. 축비 개선과 편파 식별 특성 향상의 관점에서 제작된 안테나는 위성 방송 서비스 중계 시스템에 적합한 특성을 보인다.

Ku band satellite signal repeating technology just altering a polarization of the repeated signal is applicable for any kind of satellite broadcasting service in geographically shadowed area due to high-rise buildings, trees, and so on. This paper focuses on the design of high polarization discrimination antenna satisfying polarization characteristics with respect to field pattern and frequency band. Designed antenna for the enhancement of axial ratio and polarization discrimination characteristic shows good performance for satellite broadcasting service repeating system.

인간이 자연에서 채취한 점토를 가공하여 쓰임이 있는 물건을 만든 행위가 도예라고 일컫는 활동의 시초라고 볼 수 있다. 공예분야에서 재료의 적절한 사용은 가장 중요한 화두이며, 재료의 새로운 속성을 발견하여 적절하게 이용하는 것 역시 공예가의 숙명이라고 할수 있다. 대학교육을 통해 도예에 입문하고 기술을 습득한 본 연구자의 선행연구는 과거부터 전해져 온 한국적 감성과 기술적 역량을 조사하고 답습하는 방식으로 진행되었다. 이와 같은경험을 통해 수 천년동안 전해진 점토를 다루는 기술과 속성을 충분히 이해하고 적용할수 있게 되었다. 반면에 2차 소성을 통해 완성되는 도자기 제작과정 중 그 어떤 과정도 거스르지 못한 채 법칙을 따라 제작해야 하는 부분에 한계를 느끼기도 하였다. ‘어떻게 점토를 이용하여 전에 보지 못한 새로운 시각적 아름다움을 선사할 수 있을까?’라는 이와 같이 기초적인 질문으로 출발한 본 연구자의 실험은 종이와 흙의 결합이라는 방식으로 나타나게 되었다. 종이더미가 쌓여진 모습에서 자연적 지층형상이라는 영감을 얻게 되었다. 이 과정에서 자연스럽게 종이 더미와 같은 형상을 그대로 복재하는 방법에 대하여 생각하게 되었고, 두 가지 관점에서의 연구가 진행되었다. 첫째로, 종이를 이용하여 종이와 같은 시각적 속성을 재현하는 것이다. 기존의 페이퍼 클레이가 종이를 점토와 일정 비율로 배합하여 혼합한 방식이라면 연구자는 최종적으로 종이 낱장마다 흙물을 발라 적층하는 방식으로 종이를 활용하였다. 즉 종이를 매개체로 사용하되 페이퍼 클레이라는 개념의 점토를 사용하지 않았다. 둘째로, 적층적 구조에 대한 연구다. 이와 같은 속성에서 중요한 것은 레이어가 쌓여 형성된 반복적 형상이었는데, 우연히 찾아온 시각적 영감이 가진 선행 연구와의 연관성, 본인의 주관적 심상과 연결되면서 작품에 적용되는 주요 구조로 사용되었다. 현대도예영역에서 표현된 다양한 다층구조를 살펴보는 과정은 연구자의 시행착오를 줄이는데 큰 도움이 되었다. 이와 같은 연구를 토대로 개발된 종이를 이용한 슬립적층기법은재료와 구조로 인해 가능한 2차 소성 후 형태가공이 가능한 매우 이례적인 상태를 가지게되었으며 다양한 형태와 색감을 창출할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 재료적 관점에서의 실험이었으며 동시에 친숙한 것들을 재구성하여 미감을 창출하는 과정이다. 이를 통해 보는 이로 하여금 재료가 가진 반전적 속성을 즐길 수 있도록하며 익숙한 것들에 대한 새로운 시각을 이끌어 낼 수 있기를 바란다.

Human beings first processed clay that they collected and turned it into something useful, which was the beginning of Ceramics. One of the most important topics in the field of crafts is the proper use of materials. It is craftsmen's destiny to discover new attributes in materials and make proper use of them. The researcher, who was introduced to pottery and acquired its techniques through college education, conducted previous research in ways of examining and following the Korean sentiment and technical capabilities that had been passed down from the past. I was able to fully understand and apply the techniques and attributes of handling clay that had been transmitted for thousands of years through this experience, facing limitations with the part that should follow the codes without resisting any process of pottery making to be completed in second firing. I carried out a new experiment conceived by a basic question, "How can I use clay to create new visual aesthetics that has never seen before?" The experiment was based on a combination of paper and clay. Piles of paper became an inspiration for natural stratum forms, in which process the investigator came up with a method of copying such forms as piles of paper naturally. The present study was conducted from these two perspectives: First, it set out to reproduce visual attributes such as paper by using real paper. The old paper clay was to mix and combine paper and clay in a certain ratio. The researcher used paper in a way of applying slip to each piece of paper and piling them up. That is, paper was used as a medium, but the clay in the concept of paperclay was not used. Second, the study conducted research on a layering structure, in which attribute the repetitive forms of layers were important. An accidental visual inspiration was connected to the investigator's previous experimemt and subjective imagery and then used as a main structure to be applied to the work. The process of looking into various multi-layer structures expressed in modern pottery was very helpful for reducing my trial and error. The slip layering technique with paper based on these research findings resulted in a very rare state capable of processing forms after second firing thanks to materials and structures, creating a variety of forms and colors. The present study conducted an experiment from the perspective of materials and underwent a process of reorganizing things that were familiar and creating aesthetics. It will hopefully help viewers enjoy twist attributes in materials and find new viewpoints in familiar things.

Properly protected hexasaccharide was synthesized by employing the glycosyl phthalate method from a trisaccharide acceptor and a trisaccharide donor, both of which were obtained by deprotection of a common trisaccharide precursor. Trisaccharide was prepared by assembly of three monosaccharide building blocks through two β-mannosyl linkages. The mannosyl phthalate donor for the disaccharide synthesis and the CB glycoside donor for the trisaccharide synthesis were achieved in the 4, 6-O-benzylidene directed β -mannosylation.

본 연구는 과학고등학교 학생들이 대학부설 과학영재교육원 사사과정 재학시 수행한 탐구결과를 보완하고 발전시킨 과학고등학교 R&E의 결과를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 소수, 소수의 거듭제곱, 등을 분모로 하는 단위분수의 순환마디의 길이와 순환마디의 구성에 대한 성질을 연구하였으며 여러 가지 의미 있는 결과들을 얻을 수 있었다. 몇 가지의 순환소수를 계산하고 순환마디를 관찰하여 순환마디의 길이, 순환마디의 구성에 대한 성질들을 찾아내었으며 이러한 성질들이 순환소수가 가지는 일반적인 성질임을 증명하였다. 순환마디를 계산하는 과정에서 수학소프트웨어인 MATHEMATICA를 사용하였다.

This paper is based on a R&E program which has been performed with two students in a science high school. The students enrolled in the Institute of Science Education for the Gifted at Chungnam National University last year and made a graduation report about the properties of the repeating decimals. After the research in the institute, the students have continued the study about the repeating decimals in the R&E program of the science high school, and also revised the report and found some additional meaningful results about the subject. We calculated the repeating decimals of some unit fractions and figured out the repeating portion of the repeating decimals. By observing the repeating portion, we could find several properties about the length and the constitutions of it. And in conclusion, we could prove the properties which we found are true in general. We used the software MATHEMATICA for calculating the repeating portion of repeating decimals.

본 논문에서는, NACK 메시지가 스펙트럼 공유와 협력을 위한 명령으로 사용되어지는 방법을 제안하였다. 1 차 사용자의 직접 연결이 중단될 때, 협력과 공유의 자동 반복을 허가하고, 패러다임 기반의 협력 스펙트럼 공유의 조정 메시지의 수를 절약하기 위해 허가한다. 공유 시, a의 남은 전력 부분이 1차 재전송 신호인 동안, 2차 전송된 신호를 위한 1 - a 전력 부분은 중계기 공유로 선택된다. 중계기를 사용하지 않는 경우, 1차 송신단은 전체 전력 (1 - a)를 사용하여 신호를 재전송하기위해 NACK를 사용한다. 두 시스템은 BPSK 신호를 적용한 것으로 가정한 다. 이 기법에서, 2차 사용자는 공동 최적화 복호를 하는 것으로 제안한다. 프레임 오류율(FER) 성능은 양 시스템에서 분 석된다. 이론과 시뮬레이션 결과는 본 프로토콜의 유효성을 분석하고 효율적임을 확인하였다.

In this paper, we propose a method in which the negative acknowledge (NACK) message is used as command for cooperation and spectrum sharing. This allows for an automatic request for cooperation and sharing when the direct link of the primary user is in outage, and also allows for saving the number of control messages in cooperation-spectrum sharing based paradigm. In the sharing phase, the selected relay shares a power fraction of 1 - a for secondary transmitted signal while the remaining of a is for primary retransmitted signal. In the case of no relay collected, primary transmitter uses NACK as a command to retransmit the signal with fully power fraction (a = 1). Both systems are assumed to employ BPSK signals. In this scheme, we propose the joint optimal decoding in the secondary user. The frame error rate (FER) performance at both systems is then analyzed. The theoretical and simulation results validate the analysis and confirm the efficiency of the protocol.

Kishi, Kanako․Lee, Inhye. 2013. A Study on Korean Native Speakers’ Responsive Behavior in Relation with Japanese KFL Learners’ Refusal Speech Acts and its Adjunctive Strategic Uses: Based on Using Appellation or Repeating a Request. The Language and Culture 9-2: 45-72. This study was designed to provide methods on how to reduce the displeasure of Korean listeners in response to Japanese KFL learners facilitating adjunctive strategy in refusal situations. Through this study, it is possible to deliver meaningful messages on speech acts to the field of teaching and learning for Japanese KFL students. For this study, 60 Korean native speakers’ answer sheets were analysed. The statistics of questionnaires indicated that the displeasure difference is dependent on adjunctive strategy and the social status of the Korean listener, which means there is correlation between experimental and dependent variables. In case of using appellation as an adjunctive strategy, the degree of displeasure was lower than other cases. On the contrary, there was no statistical difference between using repeating a request strategy or not. Therefore, the result could emphasize that repeating a request as an adjunctive strategy would not help reduce the displeasure of Korean listeners in refusal situations. Especially, in the case where Korean listeners are of a higher social status, the differences of displeasure degree according to adjunctive strategies were significant in all situations. This means that appropriate adjunctive strategic uses are more attributable to Japanese KFL students communicating with Korean speakers who are of a higher social status. (Korea University)

Maria Edgeworth’s Castle Rackrent (1800) is often regarded as the first Irish historical novel. However, at first glance, its narrative defies generic expectations, frustrating the reader’s desire to grasp an “authentic” Ireland. In this essay, I argue that Edgeworth employs Thady’s eccentric narration and the degenerative history of the Rackrent family to question the possibility of historical progress in colonial Ireland. Specifically, this essay examines the stunted temporality Edgeworth constructs through Thady’s rambling accounts, the editor’s contradictory interventions, and the repetitive, regressing family history of the Rackrents. Marked by circling events, lack of progression, and abrupt transitions, the novel conveys Edgeworth’s insights into the stagnation of Ireland under absurd colonial rule, which disrupts temporal continuity, causal relations, and inheritance practices. Published on the cusp of the vexed Acts of Union of 1801, Castle Rackrent covertly challenges narratives of progress and the future of the uneasy union between Ireland and Britain by showing how the past contradictions overshadow the present in a colonized society. While Edgeworth offers no character who successfully resists Anglo-Irish dominance, her reflection on Ireland’s past and present implicitly calls for an oppositional historical force capable of breaking the temporal loop and liberating the nation.

Washington Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle” might well be read as a tale of a troubled man and his country in a transitional period of history. It testifies to a man’s growth into a legitimate subject in the social-interactive relations. To bolster this standpoint, this paper particularly examines the protagonist’s characterization through the psychoanalytic framework borrowed from Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. Then it moves to deal with Irving’s authorial struggle with creating national identity in the historical, cultural context of post-revolutionary America. After all, “Rip Van Winkle” is a story of a man as an allegory of his troubled country. It is about a self, which after a substantial lapse of time grows into an individualized subject in its social-intersubjective relations.

This paper examines the sequential contexts where repetition is observed in NS-NNS interview interactions involving Chinese learners of English. Special reference is made to how repetition practiced by NS and NNS is differently distributed in ways consistent with their identities situated in the institutional setting of interview. The examination of data reveals that Chinese EFL learners frequently use repetition as a discourse strategy. They repeat the topically salient phrases or key words from the prior utterances of native speakers at the utterance initial position in adjacency pairs. Such an allo-repetition (repetition of others) is to index topicality, which helps signal cognitive, textual, and affective participation or involvement in contextualized discourse. Such a repetition also functions to buy time for the speaker to finish planning his/her next move without relinquishing the floor. Here, repetition is deployed as a means of creating joint cognition and as a strategy with which partially competent speakers can find room in interaction, while a competent speaker can provide scaffolded help collaboratively. We can see that repetition is a social activity, part of our everyday behavior and not just a marker of a "disfluency" or "sloppy speaker" (Schegloff 1987). Repetition clearly has the power as a communication and negotiation tool

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the effects of repeating vocabulary exercises on learning and retaining the meaning, the form, and the use of L2 words. To achieve this purpose, the data from the 87 participants who performed the assigned vocabulary exercises were collected immediately and two weeks later on their learning and retention of the target words. In addition, their attitudes toward the given vocabulary exercises were examined. The results show that the participants repeating exercises showed significantly better results in the immediate posttest, whereas no significant differences were found in the delayed posttest. Consequently, although the repetition effect influence positively on the learning of the target words, these effects are not maintained if they are not reinforced subsequently after the initial introduction to them. Most of the participants in this study identified the importance of repetition in learning new words and also noted that only one encounter with words was not enough for them to acquire the words fully.

We examined the role of L1 writing on L2 writing performance by repeating the same topic twice through L1 writing first and L2 writing later. We designed what we call a ‘L1 + L2 writing task’ and a ‘L2-only writing task’ respectively. In the L1 + L2 writing task, students wrote a text in their L1, and wrote the same topic in L2, by removing the initial L1 essay. We focused on validating which task conditions (± L1 writing) account for the variation in linguistic performance in EFL high-school students’ writing. Our study was conducted with two intact classes (n = 60) assigned to the L2-only, and students from the other two classes (n = 60) assigned to the L1 + L2. The findings indicate that L1 writing may push students to direct their attentional resources toward effective text construction, thereby mitigating a large number of simultaneous demands on attention. We add to empirical knowledge on the effects of L1 writing in task repetition, by exploring how task repetition affected our students’ L2 writing performance.

Background/Aims: The nonspecific clinical presentation of acute hepatitis A (AHA) mandates the detection of anti-hepatitis A virus IgM antibodies (IgM anti-HAV) in the serum for obtaining a definitive diagnosis. However, IgM anti-HAV might not be present during the early phase of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal time for repeating the IgM anti-HAV test (HAV test) in AHA patients with a negative initial test. Methods: In total, 261patients hospitalized with AHA were enrolled for this retrospective study. AHA was diagnosed when the test for IgM anti-HAV was positive and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was ≥400 IU/L. Repeat HAV test was conducted after 1-2 weeks if the initial HAV test was negative but AHA was still clinically suspected. Results: The results of the initial HAV test were negative in 28 (10.7%) patients. The intervals from symptom onset to the initial-HAV-test day and from the peak-ALT day to the initial-HAV-test day were significantly shorter in the negative-initial-HAV-test group, but on multivariate analysis only the latter was significantly associated with negative results for the initial HAV test (β=-0.978;odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=0.376 [0.189-0.747]; P=0.005). The HAV test was positive in all patients when it was performed at least 2 days after the peak-ALT day. Conclusions: The results of HAV tests were significantly associated with the interval from the peak-ALT day to the HAV-test day. The optimal time for repeating the HAV test in clinically suspicious AHA patients with a negative initial HAV test appears to be at least 2 days after the peak-ALT day. (Korean J Hepatol 2012;18:56-62)

This study investigates the collaborative task of dictogloss, which can be described as a communicative based activity which allows for the focus of form. The current study employed two dictogloss tasks in immediate repetition, and an examination was done concerning the ability of learners to notice recently taught target lexical items (TLIs) as they occurred during the individual and collaborative activities of the tasks. Fifty three Korean EFL learners enrolled as second year students in the English Department of a university in Seoul, South Korea, participated in the study. The results indicated that learners can successfully notice and attend to TLIs in addition to other grammatical forms during both individual and collaborative activity, and that immediate repetition of the dictogloss showed to increase these instances of noticing. The pedagogical implications of dictogloss as an effective learning procedure for promoting vocabulary noticing are discussed, in addition to the benefits of immediate repetition to further increase new vocabulary noticing.

In this study, methods and specimens were developed and evaluated to determine the cause of noise resulting from electrodeposition coating penetration. The noise was evaluated using various coating curing temperatures and ambient temperatures. The electrodeposition coating penetrating the gaps exhibited repeating contact, and repeating noise was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that electrodeposition coating undergoes insufficient curing at curing temperatures of $150^{\circ}C$ or less. Furthermore, the adhesion strength of the electrodeposition coating surface tends to increase with decreasing curing temperature, thereby increasing the noise magnitude. Consequently, noise is generated by electrodeposition coating penetrating gaps when the coating surfaces are separated due to the stickiness caused by insufficient curing.

This paper proposes a novel design for a compact, high-isolation WCDMA indoor repeater antenna. The proposed antenna consists of a patch antenna and metamaterial absorber. The required WCDMA bandwidth is obtained by utilizing the coupling between the main and the parasitic patches. In addition, high isolation is achieved using the metamaterial absorber, which has an absorption of about 98% at 2.1 GHz. Overall, the proposed antenna has a gain of over 7 dBi, a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of less than 2, more than 85 dB of isolation between the service and donor antennas over the WCDMA band and a total volume of the proposed antenna only $70mm{\times}70mm{\times}43.8mm$.