Earticle

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a new approach to information systems development, formalizing model representation and utilizing transformation technologies. It has been enthusiastically advocated as a means of increasing the productivity of development efforts and enhancing the quality of developed systems. But MDE technologies have turned out to be limited in capturing semantics of formalized models. Without adequate semantics it is hard to reuse modeled elements and automate transformations. Ontology engineering has recently received interest from members of both academia and industry since it has the potential to solve the semantic interoperability problems. This paper proposes a process model for software development integrating ontology engineering into MDE at a high-level abstraction.

본 연구는 객관적인 데이터 기반 방법을 통해 인간 중심 디자인 과정을 효과적으로 보완하는 디자인 프로세스를 제시한다. 즉, 주관적 방법에 의한 인간 중심 디자인 프로세스에서 결여되는 객관성이 데이터 기반 접근에 의해 보완되 어 숨겨진 사용자의 니즈를 효과적으로 발견하는 프로세스로 발전될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 설문조사 데이터 마이닝 분석 과정과 공동 디자인 프로세스가 접목된 인간 중심 디자인 프로세스를 제시하며, 스마트 난방복 사례연구를 통해 이를 검증한다. 설문조사 데이터 마이닝 분석 과정에서는 클러스터링과 의사결정 나무의 두 가지 분석 방법이 사용된다. 클러스터링은 타겟 그룹을 선정하는 기준이 되는 페르소나의 초안을 제시하며, 의사결정 나무는 제품 구매에 중요한 사용자 인식 속성 파악과 사용자 가치 체계를 일차적으로 제안한다. 이후 데이터 분석을 통해 얻어진 광범위한 관점에 대하여 타겟 그룹을 대표하는 사용자가 직접 참여하는 공동 디자인 프로세스가 수행되며 맞춤형 워크북을 이용 하여 신제품에 대한 사용자의 여정맵, 니즈, 아이디어, 가치 체계 등을 체계적으로 도출한다. 본 논문에서 수행한 스마 트 난방복 사례 연구는 제안된 방법론의 적용성을 보여주고 있다.

This research suggests a design process that effectively complements the human-centered design through an objective data-driven approach. The subjective human-centered design process can often lack objectivity and can be supplemented by the data-driven approaches to effectively discover hidden user needs. This research combines the data mining analysis with co-design process and verifies its applicability through the case study on the smart heating jacket. In the data mining process, the clustering can group the users which is the basis for selecting the target groups and the decision tree analysis primarily identifies the important user perception attributes and values. The broad point of view based on the data analysis is modified through the co-design process which is the deeper human-centered design process by using the developed workbook. In the co-design process, the journey maps, needs and pain points, ideas, values for the target user groups are identified and finalized. They can become the basis for starting new product development.

스마트폰 대중화에 따라 세계 모바일콘텐츠 시장이 급성장하고 있다. 그런데, 국내 모바일콘텐츠 시장이 글로벌 시장에 비해 상대적으로 발전이 더디고 규모가 작다. 그 이유는 모바일산업이 대규모 기업을 위주로 형성되어 있으며, 콘텐츠의 중요성에도 불구하고 기술투자와 활성화를 위한 환경조성이 미흡하기 때문이다. 즉, 콘텐츠 개발주체가 일정규모를 갖춘 기업이 아니라 영세사업체가 대다수이다. 따라서, 기본 개발 프로세스의 주요 구성요소인 기획, 설계, 개발, 마케팅, 유지보수 등이 자체적으로 이루어지기 보다는 다른 전문기업과의 협업(collaboration)을 통해 이루어진다. 따라서, 중소 모바일 컨텐츠기업의 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 기업이 보유한 역량을 다른 기업과의 협업을 통해 극대화하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 중소 모바일콘텐츠 사업체들이 글로벌 시장의 성장에 대응하고 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있도록 개발 프로세스 유형을 분석하고, 협업 관점에서 프로세스의 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

This study provides an overview of instruments for mobile contents start-up companies promotion that are currently available in Seoul. It includes a brief description of several different types of start-up companies and development processes for each of those companies so that it can analyze and figure out critical success factors for sustainable growth. In addition, the case studies of five mobile contents related companies are used to obtain more detailed insights into the development processes. The study focuses on mobile contents startups promotion used as a public policy for encouraging more productive and knowledge-intensive ventures, with the aim of upgrading management activities and creating more startups-friendly business environment. Consequently, the key target groups of the measures discussed in the study include mobile contents start-ups and start-ups that exploit new business opportunities in Seoul.

Systems engineering has been utilized in system development primarily for large-scale projects or commercial large-scale systems during the last several decades. We can understand why it would be useful to apply systems engineering to the development of a relatively small system. However, it is difficult to effectively carry out a project due to the complexity in applying the methods of systems engineering. To apply systems engineering to the development of a small system, the system engineering processes should be tailored. We established a requirements driven system design process(RDSDP) that can effectively carry out the system design far a small system. RDSDP is a system design process that treats all the requirements thoroughly and effectively. This is applied by the designer according to a standardized and systematized process during the first phase in design, in which system specifications are made. By using RDSDP, we can affect a reduction of the number of redesign phases in the process of the system design, shorten the period for to make specification, which will then cause the system to succeed in the actual application.

Development of human-system interfaces (HSI) supporting the interaction between human and automation-based systems, particularly safety-critical sociotechnial systems, entails a wide range of design and evaluation problems. To help HSI designers deal with these problems, many methodologies from traditional human-computer interaction, software engineering, and systems engineering have been applied; however, they have been proved inadequate to develop cognitively well engineered HSI. This paper takes a viewpoint that HSI development is itself a cognitive process consisting of various decision making and problem solving activities and then proposes a design requirements-driven process for developing HSI. High-level design problems and their corresponding design requirements for visual information display are explained to clarify the concept of design requirements. Lastly, conceptual design of software system to support the requirements-driven process and designers' knowledge management is described.

Recommend knowledge to staff who need in the work can improve work efficiency, knowledge application and innovation. Enterprise knowledge is described in three dimensions: knowledge attribute, process and domain. Based on this, domain knowledge actively recommendation architecture based by process-driven and rough set is construct, while domain knowledge and rough set active recommendation method is proposed. We will use this architecture to analyze employee, domain, and process. Then will using rough set to analyze the rules from logs of using knowledge. Combination with requirement of employees, process data and the rules to achieve recommend the accurate knowledge.

Processes help an organization’s workforce achieve business objectives by helping them work not harder, but more efficiently and with improved consistency. Process-aware information systems (PAIS), whose implementation relies on the process specification, should be customizable in accordance with the process variations. Processes can be causes of variability, a characteristic that distinguishes one PAIS from others. The order or combination of processes can vary in dealing with the requirements and technical differences. Software product line engineering can help develop customizable or configurable PAISs, called PAIS family because it supports designing and developing a family of systems, not a single system. For designing PAIS family, analyzing variations in processes is more advantageous than analyzing the functional features of PAIS. Processes have different abstraction levels and sometimes they are not sequential. Moreover, a number of processes are too large and complex to analyze process variations as a whole. This paper proposes a hierarchical process framework-based process variability analysis technique for PAIS family. This paper explains the proposed technique through the FTA origin determination and management system example.

Past work showed that runtime adaptability of business processes can be improved by applying Representational State Transfer (REST) to design and implementation of business processes. However, the existing solutions for RESTful business processes (RESTfulBP) were focused on manual selection of process fragments to be composed at runtime. In this paper, we propose solutions that enable semi-automatic selection of process fragment at each decision-making point of RESTfulBP. The new built-in middleware MiniZnMASC can provide user based process fragment advice to knowledge workers in ways that achieve better overall business value while satisfying all existing constraints. In addition, we redesign the architecture of RESTfulBP in order to allow the business-driven decision-making solutions. The solutions are evaluated for feasibility, functional correctness, business benefits, and performance.

본 연구는 모바일 숏폼 커머스 환경에서 AI 기반 추천 특성과 소비자 구매의사결정 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 기대일치이론을 바탕으로 AI 기반 추천 특성에 대한 소비자의 인식과 기대일치 수준 간의 관련성을 살펴보고, 기대일치 수준과 장바구니 추가의도 및 즉시 구매의도 간의 관련성을 분석하였다. 설문조사 자료를 활용한 구조방정식모형 분석 결과, 네 가지 유형의 AI 기반 추천방식 모두 소비자의 기대일치 수준을 유의하게 높이는 것으로 확인되었으며, 특히 과거이력 기반 추천(history-based recommendation)이 가장 높은 관련성을 나타내었다. 또한 기대일치 수준은 장바구니 추가의도와 즉시 구매의도를 모두 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었으며, 장바구니 추가의도에 대한 효과가 상대적으로 더 크게 나타났다. 아울러 제품 유형의 조절효과를 분석한 결과, 경험재에서는 기대일치 수준이 장바구니 추가의도에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 더 강하게 나타난 반면, 탐색재에서는 기대일치 수준이 즉시 구매의도에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 더 크게 나타났다.

This study examines the relationships between consumers' perceptions of AI-driven recommendation features and consumer purchase decisions in mobile short-video commerce. Drawing on expectation confirmation theory, it proposes that consumers' perceptions of AI-driven recommendation features are associated with expectation confirmation, which in turn is associated with shopping cart addition intention and immediate purchase intention. Using survey data and structural equation modeling, the results show that all four AIdriven recommendation features were positively associated with expectation confirmation, with history-based recommendation exhibiting the strongest relationship. Expectation confirmation was positively associated with both consumer purchase decisions, showing a stronger relationship with shopping cart addition intention. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the relationship between expectation confirmation and shopping cart addition intention was stronger for experience goods, whereas that with immediate purchase intention was relatively stronger for search goods.

본 연구는 생성형 인공지능의 확산으로 변화하는 UX디자인 실무 환경에 대응하여 산업 수요를 반영한 UX디자인 교육 프로세스를 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 문헌 조사를 수행하고 UX디자인 실무자 5인을 대상으로 수집한 인터뷰 자료를 근거이론에 기반하여 개방코딩과 축코딩 절차로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 생성형 AI는 아이데이션 및 시각화, 문제 탐색, 사용자 검증, 협업 커뮤니케이션 등 UX디자인 전 과정에서 인지적 파트너로 기능하며 디자이너의 사고 구조와 직무 역량을 재편하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 현행 대학 교육은 이러한 실무 요구를 충분히 반영하지 못하여 교육-산업 간 역량 격차가 존재함을 확인하였다. 이에 본 연구는 분석 결과를 토대로 UX디자인 전 과정을 아우르는 네 단계의 AI 융합형 UX디자인 교육 프로세스를 도출하였다. 본 연구는 AI 시대에 적합한 UX디자인 교육의 방향성을 제시하고, 실무 연계형 교육 체계 마련을 위한 기초적 이론 기반을 제공한다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다.

This study proposes a UX design education process that reflects industrial needs in the era of generative artificial intelligence. A literature review and grounded theory analysis-based on open and axial coding of interviews with five UX design practitioners-revealed that generative AI is becoming a cognitive partner across the UX workflow, reshaping designers' thinking and required competencies. However, current university curricula do not sufficiently accommodate these changes, resulting in a skills gap between education and practice. To address this issue, this study introduces a four-stage AI-integrated UX design education process that links AI with design problem framing, ideation, prototyping, and collaboration. The findings provide practical guidance for reforming UX education to better prepare future designers for AI-driven work environments.

이 논문은 이익추구형 민간 도시개발과 달리 공공이 주도하는 도시재생사업에 서는 공공성과 수익성이 동시에 실현되어야 함을 전제로 하고 있다. 도시재생사업 이 기본적으로 국가, 지자체, 기금, 공기업 사업비 등 다양한 공공 자금을 특정 장 소에 투입하는 사업이기 때문이다. 최근 도시재생 뉴딜사업은 실행력 제고를 위해 공공기관제안형이 등장하는 등 공기업의 역할도 확대되고 있는바, 공공과 민간의 복합적 성격을 갖는 도시재생에서 공공기관의 역할 및 기대 효과에 대한 점검이 필요하다. 이를 위해 이 논문은 전통적인 성장기계 이론을 근거로 도시재생에서 공기업이 주도하는 새로운 성장기계의 형성을 밝히고 이로써 나타나는 사업 성격 과 영향을 분석하고자 했다. 이를 위해 2014년에 선정된 13개 도시재생 선도사업 의 활성화 계획상 단위사업 구성과 지가변동률을 분석했고 성장기계 형성 과정에 관련되는 주요 주체들의 인터뷰를 수행했다. 분석 결과 몇몇 사례에서 공기업주도 형 성장기계의 형성 과정을 확인할 수 있었고 해당 지역에서는 성장기계가 형성되 지 않은 여타 지역보다 성장추구형 개발사업과 지가 상승이 급격하고 빠르게 진행 되는 경향을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 작년에 새로 도입된 공공기관제 안형 도시재생사업에 대해 공공기관의 역할과 사업 추진 방식, 사업 후 기대 효과 등 좀 더 세밀한 정책적 검토가 필요함을 알 수 있다.

This article assumes that unlike the profit-seeking urban development, urban regeneration projects should be implemented as public projects that seek both public and profitable at the same time. The reason for this is that the urban regeneration project is basically a project to invest various public funds, including the central government, local governments, funds and public corporations, into a specific location. The purpose of this article is to analyze the character of the growth machine in the regeneration projects which were selected as leading projects in 2014 by examining the process of building growth machine and the fluctuation rate of land price in the regeneration projects. Especially focussing on the projects which local government and public corporations together take part in. The analysis shows that traditional growth machines exist in urban regeneration but are formed by public corporations and that they have an impact on than in other areas where growth machines are not formed. Therefore, designing and promoting the characteristics and direction of the public-led growth machine is going to determine the success of the new urban regeneration newdeal projects which were chosen from 2017.

본 연구의 목적은 시간주도형 활동기준원가계산(TD-ABC)의 발전형이라고도 할 수 있는 이벤트주도형 활동기준원가계산(ED-ABC)을 제안하고, 시뮬레이션기법을 이용한 활용사례를 통해 그 효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 특히 이 논문에서는 실무계에서 문제시하는 기법의 실행가능성과 기대하고자 하는 기법의 유용성이라는 두 측면에서 ED-ABC가 효과적인 기법임을 보인다. 본 논문에서는 우선 실행가능성에 초점을 둔 TD-ABC의 특징과 문제점을 검토하고, 이 연구에서 제안하는 ED-ABC와의 차이를 수치예를 통해 비교한다. 또한 ED-ABC의 기반관리구조라고 말할 수 있는 비즈니스 프로세스 매니지먼트(BPM)를 소개하고, BPM과 ED-ABC의 연계에 의해 효과적인 원가계산 및 원가관리가 실현될 수 있다는 것을 보인다. 더욱이 이러한 효과를 일본기업에서 개발이 진행되고 있는 어브덕션 접근방법에 의한 시뮬레이션 모델을 통해확인한다. 이 연구에서는 프로세스를 관리할 수 있는 BPM을 구축한 다음, 프로세스가 이벤트에 의해 관리된다면, TD-ABC에서와 같은 시간방정식이 필요없고, 프로세스간의 업무체류를 효과적으로 관리할 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 ED-ABC를 현업에 적용하기 전에 IT에 의한 시뮬레이션을 이용하면 프로세스 코스트를 예측하고 최적의 프로세스를 구축할 수 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

This research proposes Event-Driven Activity-Based Costing(ED-ABC) which can be regarded as the expanded type of Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TD-ABC) and whose effects can be verified by a practical example involving simulation techniques.　Especially, this paper emphasizes on the fact that ED-ABC can be effective both as a methodology and as a practical business technique. First, this paper examines the feature and the problem of TD-ABC in the perspective of practicability and compares TD-ABC with the proposed ED-ABC through a numerical example. This paper also introduces BPM as the base management structure of ED- ABC, and shows that collaboration of BPM with ED-ABC allows effective cost accounting and cost control. Such effect that ED-ABC brings is also verified through the simulation model using the abduction approach that Japanese companies are under development. This research verified the fact that the time equation in TD-ABC is unnecessary and that the operation flow between processes is effectively manageable when the process can be managed by ED-ABC after building up BPM to manage the processes. And additionally it was shown that a process cost can be predicted and the optimal process can be chosen, if the proposed simulation by IT is used prior to applying ED-ABC to work-site operations.

A continuous time asymmetric power GARCH(1,1) model is suggested, based on a single background driving L$\'{e}$vy process. The stochastic differential equation for the given process is derived and the strict stationarity and kth order moment conditions are examined.

The increasing digitalization of Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) has improved operational efficiency while introducing cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Conventional network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) face limitations in detecting sophisticated cyber threats targeting safety-critical controllers. To address these challenges, this study proposes a process information-driven cyber threat detection methodology based on real-time process data analysis and control logic consistency, enabling nonintrusive threat identification. The proposed methodology was examined through simulation and experimental testing using an APR-1400 Reactor Protection System (RPS) testbed. A cyber attack scenario targeting the High Pressurizer Pressure (HPP) Trip function was designed to assess the effectiveness of the detection mechanism. Simulation results demonstrated the detection algorithm's ability to identify unauthorized modifications to the trip setpoint, indicating the potential to detect cyber threats affecting reactor trip logic. Furthermore, experimental testing using the Safety Data Acquisition & Detection System (SDDS) demonstrated real-time anomaly detection while maintaining system integrity. These findings suggest that the proposed process-driven detection technique can enhance the cybersecurity resilience of NPPs without disrupting operational stability.

This study, taking a discursive perspective, theorizes the endogenous process of de-institutionalization of stigma, defined as the process by which social actors accept stigmatized practices as right and proper by changing their belief system. Positing that structural barriers (social stratification, structural inertia, and stigmatization) are strongly involved in the process of de-institutionalization of stigma, we argue that discursive processes are differentiated throughout the process of de-institutionalization of stigma. In the process of de-institutionalization of stigma identified into the origin phase and the mobilization phase, we proposed different discursive strategies: in the origin phase, emotional responses from quotidian disruption prevail over strategic articulations, whereas in the mobilization phase, strategic articulations are dominant over emotional responses. From this study, we can expand our knowledge on the role of discourse in institutional change, especially in contentious contexts.

In this paper, we study existence of extremal solutions for fuzzy differential equations driven by Liu process. To show extremal solutions, we define partial ordering relative to fuzzy process. This is an extension of the results of Kwun et al. [5] and Rodríguez-López [13] to fuzzy differential equations in credibility space.

In order to predict the process window of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for printing metallic components, the calculation of volumetric energy density (VED) has been widely calculated for controlling process parameters. However, because it is assumed that the process parameters contribute equally to heat input, the VED still has limitation for predicting the process window of LPBF-processed materials. In this study, an explainable machine learning (xML) approach was adopted to predict and understand the contribution of each process parameter to defect evolution in Ti alloys in the LPBF process. Various ML models were trained, and the Shapley additive explanation method was adopted to quantify the importance of each process parameter. This study can offer effective guidelines for fine-tuning process parameters to fabricate high-quality products using LPBF.

In this paper, we deal with a class of one-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations driven by a Brownian motion and the martingales of Teugels associated with an independent L$\acute{e}$vy process having a stochastic Lipschitz coefficient. We derive the existence and uniqueness of solutions for these equations via Snell envelope and the fixed point theorem.

This paper formally defines a role-driven security and access control model of a business process in order eventually to provide a theoretical basis for realizing the secured business process management systems. That is, we propose a graphical representation and formal description of the mechanism that generates a set of role-driven security and access control models from a business process modeled by the information control net(ICN) modeling methodology that is a typical business process modeling approach for defining and specifying business processes. Based upon the mechanism, we are able to design and accomplish a secured business process management system that provides an unified resource access control mechanism of the business process management engine domain's and the application domain's. Finally, we strongly believe that the secured access control policies from the role-driven security and access control model can be easily transformed into the RBAC(Role-based Access Control) model that is a standardized security technology for computer and communications systems of commercial and civilian government organizations.

In this paper, we propose a data-driven service and model which trades the data products generated by the big data analytics and perception process. Existing global data brokers have traded the data products in categorized and listed. Data has been traditionally managed in closed form or limited to specific industries and eco-systems. However, we are faced on the fourth Industrial Revolution, where diverse data is based on utilization, data is becoming a core competence for change and the future. Finding the value in Big Data has been generalized and responded to the change. Also, there is a great demand for revitalization of data processing and utilization of data for industrial application. To support these requirements, the data must be traded in a way that can be easily utilized according to the data analytics and perception process. This is a key technology in the data broker industry, which will enhance data-driven industries.