Earticle

본 연구는 소아화상환자의 통증색과 통증완화색을 조사하고 선호색과의 연관성을 알아보는데 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 일반아동과의 차이를 비교하였다. 이는 소아화상환자 대상 미술치료프로그램의 활용에 있어 기초자료로 제시하고자 함이다. 총 120명을 대상으로 하였고 S시 일개 화상전문병원에 입원한 8세 이상의 환아 60명과 W시 일개 학원에 수강중인 8세 이상의 일반아동 60명을 대상으로 비교연구 하였다. 두 그룹 모두에서 신체이미지 도안이 그려져 있는 설문지 한 장과 12색의 색연필이 제시되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 소아화상환자가 느끼는 통증 색으로는 빨강, 갈색 순이었고 통증을 완화 시켜줄 것 같은 색으로는 살구, 파랑, 노랑 순이었으며 선호색이 통증완화색과 일치하는 환아는 25명 그리고 선호색과 일치하지 않는 환아는 35명이었다. 일반아동은 통증색으로는 빨강, 검정, 파랑, 보라, 갈색, 주황 순이었고 통증완화색으로는 초록, 파랑, 하양, 노랑 순이었으며 선호색이 통증완화색과 일치하는 아동은 10명 그리고 선호색과 일치하지 않는 아동은 50명이었다. 두 그룹의 통증색은 빨강이 동일하게 가장 높게 나타났으며, 통증완화색은 상이 하게 나타났다. 그리고 두 그룹 모두 선호색이 통증을 완화시켜 주는 색은 아니었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pain color, pain relief color and preferred color for pediatric burn patients and general children. The result will provide basic data in the use of art therapy for pediatric burn patients. Sixty hospitalized pediatric burn patients at a burn specialized hospital and 60 children enrolled in an academy, were compared. The 120 children were all over 7 years old. For pediatric burn patients, pain color was red and, brown. Pain relief color was apricot, blue, and, yellow. There were 25 and 35 pediatric burn patients whose pain relief color matched and did not match the preferred color, respectively. For general children, the pain color was red, black, blue, purple, brown, and, orange. Then, pain relief color was green, blue, white, and, yellow. There were 10 and 50 general children whose pain relief color did and did not match the preferred color, respectively. Pain color was red for both groups with equally high percentage. Pain relief colors differed. Also, pain relief color and preferred color did not match for both groups.

본 연구는 자유화 그림에서 나타나는 색채 선호도와 사용수가 학업성적과의 어떠한 관련성이 있는지 살펴보고, 더 나아가 청소년의 학교생활환경 및 학업지도와 미술치료에서의 색채 사용에 유용성을 탐색해 보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 광주광역시에 있는 3개 중학교 1학년, 2학년, 3학년 대상으로 8개 학급 314명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 중학생의 학업성적과 선호색채는 관련성이 없었고, 색채 사용수와 학업성적과는 유의미한 관련성을 있었다. 이는 색채사용수가 많은 아동이 적은 아동보다 학업성적이 더 높게 나타났으며, 과목별 학업성적에서 영어, 수학, 한문을 제외한 8과목에서 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이는 중학생의 자유화그림에서 나타난 색채 사용수가 학업성적에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the academic grade and the preferred color and the number of colors used in free-style painting. The subjects of this study were 314 middles school students in 8 sections of W Middle School, H Middle School and C Middle School. They were asked to draw a free-style painting with 12 color pencils. With those free-style paintings, the preferred colors and the number of colors used in the painting were investigated to identify the correlation with the grade using SPSS 12.0. The results are as follows; Firstly, the preferred color did not have correlation with the academic grade from all three groups with high, mid and low grades. Secondly, there was difference in the number of colors used in the free-style painting among the groups such as 1-3 colors, 4-8 colors and 9-12 colors. Thirdly, there was a significant difference in the grade of 8 subjects except English, Math and Chinese Characters according to the color.

The practical lith developer is a hydroquinone solution of moderate alkalinity and low free-sulfite ion concentration with potassium bromide as the restraining agent. In the study on composition of ilth developer to promote high sensitivity, high contrast and long term preservation or use, a new composition of lith developer, namely PK lith developer, was developed and of was found that PK lith developer was superior to the lith developer which was commercially available in terms of contrast, speed and preservation. This paper also describes studies on the addition of hdydrazine to PK lith developer, which have led to further improvements in the system.

연구배경 키덜트의 증가로 캐릭터 산업의 매출이 높은 성장률을 기록했으며, 화장품 업계에도 유입되어 포화경쟁 상태로 인해 품질의 차별성을 찾기 어려운 상황에서 화장품패키지와 캐릭터의 협업을 통해 제품을 출시하며 희소성을 높이고 구매 욕구를 자극하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 키덜트 소비자의 선호색과 화장품패키지 색을 비교분석하여 구매에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것은 의의가 있다고 사료되어 본 연구를 시도하였다. 연구방법 키덜트 산업을 이끌고 있는 20세 이상부터 40세 이하의 여성을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하고 SPSS v. 21.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 키덜트는 자신이 좋아하는 것을 찾아서 구매하고 가격과 결정에 있어 고민이 없으며 개인의 취향을 존중하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 캐릭터 상품을 선호하며, 선호색은 Red, Yellow, Red Puple 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 화장품패키지색의 만족도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 키덜트 소비자의 선호색에 따라 구매 연계성 및 구매 실태에 차이는 소장용이며 단기간에 구매하는 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 화장품 정보원은 대체적으로 인터넷과 로드샵을 통해 정보를 얻으며, 화장품 구매 시 반응요인은 Red, Yellow, Red Puple 색상을 선호하는 경우 모두 시각적으로 색에 가장 먼저 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 선호색에 따라 화장품 구매 중요도에 차이는 색, 일러스트, 패턴, 형태 순으로 나타났으며, 다섯째, 구매 후 만족도는 높게 나타났으며, 키덜트 소비자의 선호색에 따른 화장품패키지색의 만족에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 결론 키덜트 선호색을 통한 화장품패키지의 만족도가 높으면 구매의 만족도가 높고, 화장품패키지의 만족도가 낮으면 구매의 만족도도 낮음을 알 수 있었다.

Background With increase in the number of kidults, character sales have recorded high growth rates. In fact, it’s been hard to have quality differentiation in already saturated cosmetics market. Under these circumstances, products have been developed and released through collaboration between characters and cosmetics package, stimulating consumers’ design to buy. Therefore, this study was performed in that it appears to be meaningful to investigate the effects of kidults’ preferred color and cosmetics package color on consumers’ purchase. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted against women who are leading kidult industry between 20 years and 40 years old, and the data were analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0. Result First, kidults search for and buy the goods they want. For them, price is not important. What matters is personal preference. Second, they prefer character items. In terms of color, ‘Red’ was most preferred, followed by ‘Yellow’ and ‘Red Puple’ Third, satisfaction with cosmetics package color was high. Fourth, in terms of difference between purchase linkage and actual buying by kidults’ preferred color, ‘collection purpose’ was observed. In this case, the products were bought within a short period of time. Regarding the source of the cosmetics information, the respondents mostly obtained it through the Internet and street stores. In terms of response factors when buying cosmetics, ‘color’ was mostly found when ‘Red’ ‘Yellow’ and ‘Red Puple’ were preferred. In terms of importance in buying cosmetics depending on preferred color, ‘color’ was the highest, followed by ‘illustration,’ ‘pattern’ and ‘shape.’ Fifth, after-sales satisfaction was high, and statistically significant difference was observed in package satisfaction by kidults’ preferred color. Conclusion The study results found that if satisfaction with cosmetics package by kidults’ preferred color is high, buying satisfaction increases. When satisfaction with cosmetics package is low, on the contrary, buying satisfaction declines.

본 연구는 그림에서 사용되는 색상 및 선호색상을 통하여 향후 컬러테라피, 미술치료 등, 색채의 활용 지침에 반영하기 위해 진행된 기초 연구로서, 선호색 사용에 대한 성격유형을 파악하고자 진행되었다. 특정적인 한 색채를 많이 이 용하여 그림을 그렸다 하여도 그 색을 배제한 주요색과 배색이 난색 계열을 이루고 있을시 외향적 성향(Extraversion)에 활동 적인 시기였으며 한색 계열의 색채를 이루고 있을 시에는 내향적 성향(Introversion)이며 섬세하고 우울한 심리 상태였음을 알 수 있었다. 8가지 심리적 기능에 따른 선호색을 분석한 결과 감각형(S)이 선호하는 색상은 노랑이며 감정형(F)이 선호하는 색상 은 노란주황과 파랑, 사고형(T)은 노랑과 남색, 직관형(N)은 노랑과 파랑을 선호했다. 감각형(S)을 제외한 모든 심리적 기능에 따른 선호색이 내향성과 외성향이 각각 한색계열과 난색계열로 나눠진다. 이를 바탕으로 향후 미술치료 분야에서는, 선호색 진단으로 환자의 유형에 맞는 심리적 접근이 용의하며 성격 유형과 반대되는 색상을 적용하여 환자가 가지고 있는 3차 기능 및 열등기능을 해소해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 환자의 그림에서 사용되는 색과 사용량에 대한 정량을 수치화 할 수 있고 그림에 전, 후를 측량하고 DB 를 구축하여 보다 과학적이고 정확한 기록을 남길 수 있으며 개인에 심리상태와 성격유형을 진단하여 미술치료 및 색채치료에 많은 도움을 줄 것이다.(임상미술치료학연구 2013;8(1):26-32)

To know the relationship between colors and psychology, we see the artist's psychological state and other information from the painting which is expressed their minds purely for the creation of unique works. The purpose of this study is to analyze the painter's psychological state and personality type through the numerical work by accurately measuring the color scheme of the casting with preference in color and the amount of color measurement and distribution based on KSCA(Korea Standard Color Analysis) program through the fi gures. Even using many specifi c colors, if main color except that specifi c color and color combination is warm, it means they are fulfi lling extroverted tendencies (Extraversion) in active period. When in the series to be formed with cold colored, mind could be seen an introvert tendencies (Introversion) in delicate and melancholy state. In color distribution, mainly the dark colors used in the series during the artist’s dark and gloomy period, and when there is the psychological state of the case series of bright colors were bright and energetic during the distribution time and were just motivated state of mind. Colors in their pictures refl ect and express their biological and physiological conditions and emotion of the life so color can be symbolic meaning of their inner state. By utilizing specifi c colors, as well as artists’ psychological status itself, we fi nally can fi nd out more scientifi c relationship between colors and artist’s psychological state with digitized data of colors and distribution in their work. In psychological functions, Extraversion (E), intuition (N), feeling (F) and perception (P) prefer warm colors in the series than Introversion (I), sense(S), thinking (T) and judgment (J). However, same trends in intuition and emotion, it tends to extraverted intuitive (Ne) and extroverted thinking (Te) was preferred to the yellow and introverted intuitive (Ni) and an introverted feeling type (Fi) was preferred blue. In addition, extraverted Sensing (Se) and introverted Sensing (Si) prefer yellow and extroverted Thinking (Te) and introverted Thinking (Ti) has a preference in purple and blue colors. Low score on the color preference for a particular color also be indicators in various colors preferred. It is showed more in extroverted tendency (E) than introverted tendency (I). Based on this research, we can see what is the artist's type of personality then can develop the programs for color analysis through art work. Color diagnostic programs for personality types to diagnose for individual psychological state and personality type will help art therapy and color therapy a lot.

The skin color of a human being is the important memory color influencing image quality for color display. Therefore, in this paper, the preferred skin color axis is defined on HSV color space by analyzing some previous research, and the preferred skin color reproduction algorithm is performed by rotating the center axis of skin distribution of an input image to the preferred skin color axis.

This study analyzed and compared the color characteristics of preferred textiles for blouses and shirts of college students. After the survey of preference in fabrics for blouses and shirts of college students according to season, colors of preferred fabrics were analyzed. Spectral data were measured and a chromaticity diagram was drawn. The color of shirt fabric that college students preferred in the spring/fall was PB (Purple-Blue) and light shades, and in summer, PB color and pale shades. Generally achromatic black or a simple color that is close to an achromatic color, light and soft shades were preferred. For blouse fabric, PB, d (dull) and g (grayish) tones were preferred in spring/fall, G (Green) and It., d. were preferred in summer. Achromatic white and medium, soft shaded chromatic especially greenish colors were preferred. In spring fall, regardless of the clothing item, PB was the most preferred color. Y (Yellow) was the most preferred color for shirts, and for blouses, R (Red) was the most preferred. For achromatic color, black is preferred for shirts, white is preferred for blouses. In summer, the color of preferred shirt fabric was PB, and blouse fabric had a lot of G color. College students prefer simple colors which are close to achromatic colors, and light and soft color were preferred for shirt fabric and they preferred various, medium shaded and closer to pure colors for blouses because college students tend to consider the aesthetic side as important and usually wear blouses less often than shirts.

The purpose of this study is to fond out the characteristics of color perception and preferred color scheme of the aged who becomes color weak due to yellowed eye sight. For this, this study was composed of two steps. First, an experimental simulation on aged vision using Spectrophotometer(CM-2600d, Minolta) attached Y-2 filter as a quasi lenses of the aged eye. The color data of 120 color chips of the aged vision was measured and analyzed to grasp the characteristics of color perception of the age. Then, a questionnaire survey was carried out with color chips and 8 interior color schemes. They participated in a questionnaire survey of the level of identification among the color chips of 11 tones of R, G, PB, as well as a survey of the preference color schemes. The result of this study are as follow; 1) The range of color perception on hue narrowed into YR, Y, GY, G. Especially, the aged have failed perception of B${\cdot}$PB${\cdot}$P${\cdot}$RP(short wave length of light) by yellowed eye sight. 2) The level of identification among the color chips of 11 tones of R,G,PB are different by each color. But Very Pale, Pale, Strong, Vivid are fractionated similarly in almost color. 3) In the preference of interior color scheme of the aged, preference color harmony scheme Is the complementary color scheme that is easy for identification, rather than analogous color scheme. The preferred dominant color is warm color rather than cool color.

본 연구는 제품의 색상, 특히 검정 색상이 제품의 인식에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 색상에 관한 기존 연구들은 주로 유채색 간의 차이가 제품의 선호도와 소비자 인식에 미치는영향을 중심으로 연구하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 시장에서 가장 선호되는 색상인 검정이소비자들의 제품평가에 미치는 영향과 요인에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 구체적으로 소비자는외관을 돋보이게 하는 유채색의 전자제품 보다는 눈에 띄지 않는 검정 색상이 쓰인 전자제품에대해 더 긍정적인 평가를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 제품이 검정 색상일경우에 제조사가 제품의 외관 보다는 기능성과 같은 내적인 속성에 더 집중했을 것이라는추론으로 인해 제품의 선호가 달라진다는 가설을 검증하였다. 더불어 고가의 브랜드 제품에대해서는 검정 색상의 효과가 감소하는 경계조건을 확인하였다. 구체적으로 실험 1A와 1B를 통하여 소비자는 여러 전자제품이 유채색일 때 보다 검정색일때 더 긍정적으로 평가하는 것을 확인하였다. 실험 2에서는 소비자가 검정 색상 제품의가격을 높게 예상하는 근원적인 원인이 기능성 인식에 대한 추론으로 인한 것인지 검증한결과, 검정 색상에 대하여 제조사가 기능성에 더 신경을 썼을 것이란 보상적 추론이 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 3에서는 고가 브랜드의 경우, 제품의 기능성을 높게 예상함으로써검정 색상의 효과가 나타나지 않은 반면 저가 브랜드의 경우에는 검정색상에 대한 평가가더 높아졌다. 본 연구는 소비자가 유채색의 전자제품보다 검정 색상의 전자제품을 선호하는 것을확인하고 그 원인이 제품의 기능성 인식에 대한 추론에 있음을 밝힘으로써 색상이 소비자행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 이해를 증진시키며 제품의 색상을 주요한 전략 도구로 하고자하는 마케터에게 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

The current research investigates the effect of black color on product evaluations. Past studies have focused more on the effect of chromatic colors such as red, blue and green. However, the current work explores whether black color can lead to more favorable consumer responses than chromatic colors. Because consumers infer that the manufacturer cares more about functionality than appearance of product when the color of product is black. In addition, we found the boundary condition for when the brand is high-end (vs. low-end), decreased the effect of black color in the products. Specifically, study 1A and study1B investigated whether people prefer the electronics in black color compared to those in other colors. Consistent with our prediction, finding showed that the products in black color were positively evaluated than the products in chromatic colors. Study 2 was designed to investigate to reveal the underying mechanism of the effect on black color in electronics. The result revealed that the effect of black on product evaluation is mediated by perceived functionality through consumers’ compensatory inferences. Study 3 showed that the evaluation of black color was increased when the brand is low-end, whereas there is no difference between black and chromatic color when the brand is high-end. Black can be more effective in signifying the manufacturer’s dedication to functionality, which will lead to consumers’ favorable attitude especially in highly utilitarian categories such as electronics, machines and devices. Thus, companies should be careful and cautious when determining product colors. Our findings contribute to understanding how black (vs. color) influences consumer’s evaluations.

피부는 인체의 외부를 덮고 있는 기관일 뿐 아니라, 체온을 조절하고, 감각기능을 수행하며, 약물을 투입하는 경로가 되기도 하고 내부 기관의 이상을 표현하는 기관이 되기도 한다. 이러한 이유로 인해, 사람들은 타인의 얼굴 피부의 상태를 보고 건강의 이상 징후를 감지하거나, "안색이 좋다", "생기가 있다" 등으로 신체의 컨디션을 표현해왔다. 환경과 노화정도에 따라서 피부색, 피부결, 수분, 탄력 등이 달라지는 것도 알려진 사실이다. 특히, 피부색은 아름다움, 매력도와 같은 주관적인 인상을 판단하는데 영향을 미치는 인자로 작용하는데, 화장품이나 피부시술을 통해 피부색을 개선하고자 하는 소비자를 통해서 그 수요를 짐작할 수 있다. 하지만 피부색이 여러 색의 구성임에도 불구하고, 대부분의 화장품이 하얀 피부로 개선해주는 것에 초점을 맞추고 있으며 여성들이 선호하는 피부색에 대한 연구가 아직까지는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 30 ~ 40대의 한국여성을 대상으로 같은 피부 밝기에서 붉은 정도와 푸른 정도가 달리 주어진 선호도 조사를 통해 긍정적으로 인식하는 피부색의 상태를 발견하였다. 한국여성은 실제 평균 피부색에 비해 붉은색과 푸른색이 높은 피부를 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 피부에 대한 표현을 달리하였을 때에도 경향은 유사하였다. 본 연구 결과는 새로운 소비자의 요구를 만족시키는 제품 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

The skin is an organ that covers the outside of the human body. And it regulates body temperature, performs sensory function, deliveries the drug, and represents the abnormality of the internal organs. For these reasons, people have been expressing the condition of the body based on the state of the skin of the face to detect sign of health, "you look well", "face with vitality". Depending on the degree of aging and the environment, it is a fact that skin color, skin texture, moisture and firmness could be different. In particular, the color of the skin acts as a factor that affects to determine the subjective impression such as beauty and charm. We could expect consumer's demand through the market of whitening cosmetics and skin treatment. However, existing most of the cosmetics focus on improving whiteness. The number of studies that focused on skin color is not enough. In this study, we found out the skin color condition by carrying out surveys of 100 women between 30s and 40s. Our study would be very useful to develop new cosmetic products and to satisfy customer's needs.

본 연구의 목적은 대학생이 계절별로 선호하는 셔츠와 블라우스용 소재의 색상을 분석하고 이의 계절에 따른 차이를 비교하며, 셔츠와 블라우스용 선호소재의 색상을 비교하기 위한 것이다. 조사대상은 남녀학생의 109명으로, 1차 연구에서 조사된 각 계절별 선호직물 10종을 시료로 선정하고 색차계(Color Quest Sphere II)를 이용하여 Spectral Data와 Color Plot, Master Color Data, Trend Plot등의 색상자료를 측정하였다. (중략)

Based on the past research works on the relationship between face type and personality, personality and purchasing behavior, personality and preference for color, face type and preference for color, we assumed that there could be certain differences in preferred color tone in purchasing automobile according to face type. Objective of this paper is to analyze what differences there are preferred color tones of purchasing automobile by face type. The questionnaires on preferred color tone of automobile were investigated, and the tone of color were classified into light, dark, brilliant, plain tones, and the differences of preferred color tone of purchasing automobile were analyzed by the face types. The result showed the facts that compared with the other types, the rectangular face type preferred the light tone of color, whereas the other face types little showed a distinctive inclination for a particular color tone. Results of this research could be utilized for automobile sales policy for materials of research into color tones, provided some problems are fixed and the concrete researches into relationship between face type and personality, purchasing behavior, preference for color are carried out.

The purpose of this study is to classify fashion lifestyle types for color planning and to propose color planning of spring & summer by fashion lifestyle by analyzing preferred colors by fashion lifestyle type. The survey was conducted on women between the ages of 30 and 59 using a separately prepared questionnaire and color sample table and also through one-on-one interviews. The results of this study are as follows. First, the participants' fashion lifestyles were divided into three categories: information individuality type, display type, and practicality type. Second, regarding basic colors: the basic color consistently used for a long time, it was found that there were significant differences in preferred hue and tone according to the types of fashion lifestyles. Specifically, the most preferred hue of all the fashion lifestyle types was achromatic color N and the most preferred tone was V. Third, regarding color trends: the trendy color occupying a market transiently, there were significant differences in preferred hue and preferred tone according to the types of fashion lifestyle. The most preferred hue of all the fashion lifestyle types was B. The most preferred tone of the information individuality type and the display type was V, and that of the practicality type was B. The study found that, in color planning, fashion lifestyles can function as an effective tool to subdivide consumers. Based on the empirical results of this study, I propose that color planning should be based on the type of fashion lifestyle.