Earticle

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is a native tree species unique to south China. It has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, strong adaptability and leanness-resistant, and it is an important tree species for timber and rosin. In the aspect of tree breeding, our institute has carried out studies on provenance, genetic variation of forest stand and individual plant at different levels, interaction between provenance and environment, stability and adaptability of provenance, and selected a series of superior varieties suitable for paper making, rosin tapping and insect resistance. In the aspect of forest cultivation, the study on reforming low efficiency stands of masson pine in red soil low hilly areas and the cultivation model of combination of wood and rosin using was carried out. In the aspect of disease and insect control, the method of inducing wood and injecting dry drug and releasing natural enemy insects was developed to control pine wilt disease, and the prevention rate has reached more than 90%. Both of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) were successful species introduced from abroad, especially the species of slash pine, which is widely planted and promoted in our province. Like the masson pine, slash pine and loblolly pine are both important tree species for timber and rosin with high economic benefits. In our institute, we have carried out research on the breeding of slash pine and loblolly pine building materials, and explored the suitable cultivation mode of building materials. The selection of the improved varieties on high-yield rosin and high-yield wood & rosin of slash pine and loblolly pine was carried out, and the second-generation seed orchard of high-yield rosin was established, and the seed orchard was successfully dwarfed. Since 2015, our institute has introduced more than 100 superior families of slash pine and loblolly pine from the United States, and collected more than 200 high-generation genetic resources of slash pine and loblolly pine from inside and outside the province, and built testing forests from different families and resource collection fields. Research on asexual reproduction techniques of slash pine and loblolly pine such as cutting, grafting and somatic embryo induction has been carried out, and some phased research results have been obtained.

During the Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F) accident on March 11, 2011, many members of the Japan Health Physics Society, including researchers and radiation workers, were involved in 1F accident-related work. The resulting articles covered a wide range of topics such as lessons learned and future challenges, risk communication, environmental monitoring, dosimetry, radiation medicine, and radioactive waste. In March 2022, a working group was established to review the articles related to the 1F accident published in the Japanese Journal of Health Physics. This article shows the types and number of 1F-related articles published in this journal over a period of about 10 years.

본 연구 목적은 주요 지역별 대학교 재학생의 동향과 변동성을 분석하는데 있다. 이를 위해 통계청 국가통 계포럼에서 4년제 대학의 재학생을 검색하였다. 분석기간은 1999년부터 2023년까지 총 25개 연간자료를 사 용하였다. 국내 주요 지역으로 서울, 부산, 광주, 대전, 경기, 강원, 충남, 경북을 선정하였다. 지난 2023년 기준으로 국내 4년제 대학교는 190개, 재학생 1,855, 374명이 있다. 대학교는 서울 38개, 경 기 30개, 경북 18개, 충남 13개, 부산 12개, 대전과 충북 11개, 광주와 전남 10개가 있다. 기술통계량에서 평균은 한국 0.643%를 기준으로 경기, 대전, 충남, 강원, 광주, 서울, 부산, 경북 순으로 높게 나타났다. 상관관계분석은 한국에 대해 경기를 제외하고 모두 높은 수준의 관계로 나타났다. 상승률은 지난 2015년 이후 하락세로 전환된 이후 경북과 부산, 서울, 광주에서 하락폭이 크게 나타났다. Scatter 분석에서 한국에 대해 부산과 강원, 경북, 광주는 방향성이 매우 강하게 나타났으나 경기도는 거의 무관한 관계로 나타났다. 연구결과, 각 지역별로 재학생의 상승률에 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 일부 지방대에서 신입생 감 소가 지역별 경제위기로 이어질 수 있다는 우려가 커지고 있다. 향후 사립대학 구조개혁과 지방소멸 대응기 금의 배분방식을 개선해야 되는 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 우리 미래를 이끌어 갈 우수 인재를 양성할 수 있 도록 대학교육의 질을 향상시켜 나가야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the trends and volatility of university students by major region. To this end, we searched for students at four-year universities in the National Statistical Forum of the National Statistical Office. We used a total of 25 annual data from 1999 to 2023 for the analysis period. We selected Seoul, Busan, Gwangju, Daejeon, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk as major domestic regions. As of 2023, there are 190 four-year universities with 1,855,374 students enrolled in Korea. There are 38 universities in Seoul, 30 in Gyeonggi, 18 in Gyeongbuk, 13 in Chungnam, 12 in Busan, 11 in Daejeon and Chungbuk and 10 in Gwangju and Jeonnam. In the descriptive statistics, the average was high in Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Chungnam, Gangwon, Gwangju, Seoul, Busan, and Gyeongbuk, with Korea at 0.643%. The correlation analysis showed a high level of relationship for all regions except Gyeonggi. The rate of increase has been on a downward trend since 2015, and the decline was large in Gyeongbuk, Busan, Seoul and Gwangju. In the Scatter analysis, Busan, Gangwon, Gyeongbuk and Gwangju showed a very strong directionality in Korea, but Gyeonggi-do showed almost no relationship. The research results showed that there were some differences in the rate of increase of students by region. There are growing concerns that the decrease in new students at some local universities could lead to a regional economic crisis. There is a need to improve the structure of private universities and the distribution method of the local extinction response fund in the future. We must improve the quality of university education so that we can foster excellent talents who will lead our future.

Lithium-ion secondary batteries(LIBs) are currently the most significant commercially accessible battery type for applications i.e., electric devices, e-mobility, energy storage systems. Despite the great advantages of LIBs, numerous limitations still exist such as high cost, safety risks, limited lifespan, environmental ethical issues, and so on. Therefore, the recycling technologies of the LIBs are strongly demanded. In this review paper, the working processes, metal recovery, disadvantages, advantages of current recycling technologies for LIBs are examined via the previous research papers. Additionally, a future developments of the recycling technology are discussed. This review paper will be advantages for the researchers in terms of the LIBs recycling.

Sam Dong Co., Ltd. has been succeeded in producing a 1 km multi-filament conductor in 2018. So far, we become more widespread to fabricate a variety of customized multi-filament wires such as 6 + '1' Cu, 18 + '1' Cu, and 36 + '1' Cu. In this work, we discuss the research progress on various MgB2 wires over the past three years. We also provide a brief review for applications with our wires.

The philosophies and moral motives presented in Buddhist teachings relates to the spirit of ecological mentalities. The responsibilities of Buddhist monks in alleviating the sufferings in human world also regards to the natural environments. Contemporary Buddhist settings, especially in Thailand, have increase interest in heightening the awareness and activities for eco-centric movements. Noticeable from the late eighties, the ecologically-active monks have been characterized to engage in conservation projects for the protection of local forests and the interests of forest occupants. Active participations and interactions with the state-industrial powers play dominant role in this type of movement. In this paper, details of how socially-active groups contribute to the efficacy of the environmental conservation in the settings with immense deforestation impacts. Infomation detailing the emergence of ecological movements in Thailand and the defining concept of Educative-Activism play a role in introducing the traits and the settings of Buddhist Monks. Throughout the paper, Buddhist-based strategies of tree ordination will be presented and be discussed to indicate its contribution to establishing reforestation and limit deforestation. How this and its related measures tie into the governmentally-claimed of forest increase in the period of 2000s will be explored throughout this study.

Writing plays a crucial role in communication and knowledge construction. In the era of globalization, under the impact of English as a lingua franca, there is an increasing need for written communications in English. This paper provides a review of both theoretical and empirical research on second and foreign language writing, for the purpose of informing ESL/EFL teachers especially those in Asian countries. The review first discusses distinctions between first language (L1) writing and second and foreign language (L2) writing with more focus on L2 writing situated in Asian contexts. Then it presents approaches to teaching writing in L2 contexts which originated from L1 writing pedagogy. Next, it provides a review of empirical research on the implementation of these approaches in L2 contexts, especially in Asian contexts. Finally, the paper concludes with pedagogical implications for L2 writing instruction in this particular context. It is hoped that this paper could offer Asian EFL/ESL teachers a series of pedagogical choices and help them improve the quality of English education in general, and English writing in particular.

It has been enacted since 2005 and completely amended in 2012 in Korea called Korean Bioethics & Safety Act("KBESA")' that is a general and basic statu te providing basic principles for researchers to protect human subjects by writi ng protocols and informed consent forms, and establishing Institutional Revie w Boards("IRBs") to protect rightsㆍsafetyㆍwelfare of human subjects. KBESA stipulates several provisons regarding how to deliberate national bioethics & s afety issues, IRBs, various types of researches, prohibition of reproductive clo ning & xenotransplantation, genetic test, administrative sanctions, and crimina l penalties, etc. as well as provisions regrading how to protect human subjects. However, there However, there are critical opinions on the current KBESA for not responding to the bioethics & safety issues properly caused by the outcomes of the rapid progress of biomedical science. Especially, the fact that the different topics, such as human subjects research, human materials research, human embryonic r esearch, gene therapy research, etc. are included in the one size fits all KBES A causes difficulties to regulate them reasonably. Also, there are many critical opinions on the matter of NBC, gene therapy research, using fresh eggs in hu man embryo research and donation for fresh eggs for research purpose, the sc ope of genetic test, etc. In order to answer these critical views, there are sugge stions as follows: 􀽰 to break KBESA into two separate statutes: KBESA as a general & basic statute describing states obligations and giving fundamental p rinciples on bioethics & safety, and KBESA as an individual statute regulating the specific topics features, to provide the real hammer powers such as su pporting staffs, office, and budgets for NBC to implement its functions properly, to set up multistage review mechanisms on protocols and add extra elements such as unique risk & benefit, longterm follow up, consideration on pregnancy, autopsy, and t he way to respond media, etc. in the informed consent form to protect human subjects in gene therapy research, to allow researchers to use fresh eggs in human embryo research and donate them for the purpose of research, to ex pand the categories of genetic test with the adequate & efficient monitoring sy stems.

Cordyceps sensu lato is known as one of the largest genera in hypocrealean fungi and largest group of entomopathogenic fungi in Ascomycota. Approximately 400 species are members of Cordyceps s. l. and most of them are obligate symbionts of 10 orders of arthropods and false truffles specifically parasitizing Elaphomyces spp. Recently, Cordyceps s. l. was reclassified into Cordyceps sensu stricto, Elaphocordyceps, MetaCordyceps, and OphioCordyceps in three families (i.e., Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae) with the evidence of recent multigene phylogenetic analyses coupled with morphological and ecological characters. With the closely related animal, plant and fungal associated genera (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Hypocrella and Torrubiella) of Cordyceps s. l., Cordyceps s. l. and its related genera in Hypocreales have been considered as one of the model systems in understanding the evolution of host affiliation in Kingdom Fungi. Here the overview of molecular systematic of Cordyceps was presented with its evolutionary hypotheses of host affiliation based on the ancestral state reconstruction from 162-taxon data set. In our results, the evolution of its host affiliation is largely characterized by frequent interkingdom host-jumps and ergot and grass endophytes (e.g., Balansia, Claviceps, Epichloe and Neotyphodium) are hypothesized to be derived from an ancestor that parasitized arthropods. Around 350 taxa have been included in the molecular phylogeny of Cordyceps s. l. after the new classification was proposed. Therefore, the progress and problems in current molecular phylogeny are also presented with introduction of the future research direction in molecular systematics and genomics of Cordyceps and its related genera.