Earticle

The molten marks of electrical wiring found at the fire site can be helpful in inferring the cause of the fire and the ignition point, and it is a very important piece of evidence. However, in the fire department, there are few cases of quantitative analysis and study on the texture of molten marks. In this study, based on the ASTM E1382 standard, using an analysis program called iSolution DT, the image taken with an electron microscope is analyzed and quantitatively determined. In a energized state, the electric wiring was short-circuited at 25°C and 600°C to form molten marks. The primary melt scar shorted at 25°C showed a small columnar structure major axis ratio (GAR), and the secondary melt scar shorted at 600°C showed a large major axis ratio (GAR). As a result, it will be very helpful in quantitatively classifying primary and secondary melt traces using isolution DT.

선사 연구자들에게 있어 석기는 선사시대 인간의 물질문화를 반영하는 가장 중요한 연 구 대상이다. 그리고 석기의 기능을 밝히고자 하는 쓴자국 분석은 오늘날 석기 연구의 주요 흐름으로 자리 잡고 있다.@ 하지만 우리나라 선사학 연구에 있어서 쓴자국 분석을 통한 석기의 기능 연구는 그리 활 발한 편은 아니다. 이는 구석기시대에 주로 이용된 돌감인 석영과 규암 등 석영계 석기들이 쓴자국 관찰을 하기에 쉽지 않았기 때문이라 할 수 있다. 우리나라의 석영계 석기의 쓴자국 분석을 위해서는 먼저 석영계 돌감의 특징을 이해하고@ 다양한 실험을 통해 자료들을 축적해야 한다. 그리고 여러 분석 현미경들의 원리와 특징을 이해함으로써 석영계 석기에 적합한 관찰 방법을 찾고, 실험 및 실제 석영계 석기의 쓴자국 분석에 적용해야 한다. 이번 실험 및 실제 석영계 석기에 대한 관찰 분석 결과 기존의 금속현미경으로도 석영계 석기 분석이 충분히 가능함을 확인하였고, 아울러 표면 코팅 없이 SEM 분석을 시도한 결과 금속현미경으로 석영계 석기를 관찰시 발생하는 빛의 반사와 같은 단점을 보완할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 앞으로 보다 많은 실험 자료의 확대와 함께 다양한 기술과 방법을 통해 석영계 석기의 기 능 연구가 활발히 이루어진다면 석영계 석기가 대부분인 한국 구석기 연구에 있어 돌감과 석기 기술의 진화와의 관계를 밝혀낼 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

Stone tools are the most abundant artefacts found in prehistoric sites. This means that they carried out a large array of tasks throughout the prehistoric period. Today, the functional analysis of lithic artefacts plays a very important part in understanding past lithic technology. Quartz/quartzite was a commonly used raw material for stone tools in Korean Paleolithic Traditions. But this material has proved to be difficult for researchers analysing micro-traces on stone surfaces. This article presents the methods and preliminary results for functional analysis of Korean quartz/quartzite tools. The micro-traces on experimental and archaeological tools are analysed and the characteristic of various microscopes for usewear analysis and the petrological and mechanical properties of the varieties of quartz are examined for a better traceological understanding. The results indicate that usewear analysis on quartz tools is possible by using a metallurgical microscope and can be complemented by SEM images. It is also suggested that it is necessary to attempt more various experimentations and methodological applications in order to interpret the relation between use of quartz and the lithic production system of the Korean Paleolithic.

Background: Coating a culture plate with molecules that aid in cell adhesion is a technique widely used to produce animal cell cultures. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known for its efficiency in promoting adhesion, survival, and proliferation of adherent cells. Gelatin, a cost-effective type of ECM, is widely used in animal cell cultures including feeder-free embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the optimal concentration of gelatin is a point of debate among researchers, with no studies having established the optimal gelatin concentration. Methods: In this study, we coated plastic plates with gelatin in a concentrationdependent manner and assessed Young’s modulus using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the microstructure of the surface of each plastic plate. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of the ESCs were compared and analyzed revealing differences in surface microstructure dependent on coating concentration. Results: According to AFM analysis, there was a clear difference in the microstructure of the surface according to the presence or absence of the gelatin coating, and it was confirmed that there was no difference at a concentration of 0.5% or more. ES cell also confirmed the difference in cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation according to the presence or absence of gelatin coating, and also it showed no difference over the concentration of 0.5%. Conclusions: The optimum gelatin-coating for the maintenance and differentiation of ES cells is 0.5%, and the gelatin concentration-mediated microenvironment and ES cell signaling are closely correlated.

초고전압투과 전자현미경(HVEM)을 이용한 e-Science 환경을 구축하기 위해서는 HVEM의 원격제어시스템과 HVEM에 의해 생성된 데이터의 효율적인 관리와 공유를 위한 데이터포털이 필요하다. 그리고 이러한 데이터포털에서 생성된 데이터의 구조화, 저장 및 관리, 탐색, 공유를 위해서는 HVEM에 적합하게 특화된 메타데이터가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 e-Science 환경 하에서 HVEM에 의해 생성된 데이터의 보다 효율적인 관리와 공유를 위하여 HVEM에 적합하게 특화된 메타데이터 모형을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to building e-Science environment based on HVEM, remote control system of HVEM and the data portal, which is made by HVEM for efficiently management and sharing of data, are needed. Furthermore, specialized metadata is required as well for the structuralization, storage, management, search and share of the data created from the data portal. In this research paper, we propose the specialized metadata model, only suitable for HVEM, for more efficient management and share of data created by HVEM under the e-Science environment.

This study focuses on enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of junior fire investigators through the optimization of AI microscope measurement methods for identifying wire arc melting marks. A total of 33 wire samples collected from actual fire scenes were analyzed using three distinct imaging scenarios (S1, S2, and S3) to evaluate the most reliable method. The S1 scenario, which involved capturing the wire’s side with the widest distribution of melting marks, achieved the highest concordance rate of 90.9% with metallographic analysis. In contrast, S2 and S3 scenarios recorded lower concordance rates of 51.5% and 39.4%, respectively. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed significant differences among the methods (F = 9.80, p < 0.00014), with post-hoc tests confirming the superior accuracy of the S1 approach. These findings suggest that AI microscopes can effectively support junior fire investigators by improving diagnostic accuracy and reducing reliance on subjective judgment.

Measurement of surface roughness is an important metrology procedure widely used in the industry during the final phases of the manufacturing process for quality control. This paper presents a measurement system that uses an optical microscope equipped with a vision sensor to measure the surface roughness of bearings. Shape from Focus / Defocus method is applied to measure the 3D surface coordinates of the object surface from which roughness calculations can be undertaken.

This paper presents a method of measuring the 6 DOF　motion of a micro object using images taken of interference fringes projected onto the object. Information from the fringe patterns allows for extracting the 6 DOF motion of the object in one image, allowing for real time measurement of the object's pose. This measurement technique is applied to a visual servo control scheme where the object's 6 DOF　motion is controled. Experimental results of the developed system are presented.

본 연구는 우치의 인공우식법랑질에 대한 불소도포 후 재광화 효과를 공초점레이저주사현미경을 통해 비교하고자 진행되었다. 시편에 인공우식을 형성한 후, 대조군, 1.23% APF 겔 도포군, 그리고 5% NaF 바니쉬 도포군으로 구성하여 실험을 진행하였으며, 불소도포 전후의 양상은 CLSM을 이용하여 평균형광강도로 확인하였다. 불소도포 전∙후 평균형광강도는 모든 군에서 유의하게 감소하는 양상을 보였으나, 평균형광강도변화량은 실험군 간의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 발견되지 않았다(p=0.222). 탈회된 표면의 표면미세경도와 평균형광강도 간에는 음의 상관관계를 보였고(p=0.941), 탈회표면의 평균형광강도가 클수록 불소도포 1일 경과 후 평균형광강도 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.811, p<0.001). 차 후 구강 내 환경을 반영한 모델이나 실제 in-situ 또는 임상실험을 통해 불소도포제제의 재광화 양상에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

The aim of this study was to measure the remineralization effect of APF gel and fluride varnish on artificial enamel caries using CLSM in vitro. The samples were divided into 3 groups: control, 1.23% APF gel, 5% NaF varnish. The specimen surfaces were observed by CLSM and measured average fluorescence of the lesion(AFL). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation analysis at a significance level off 0.05(PSWA 18.0, SPSS Inc., USA). There were significant differences between AFL at baseline and 1 day after fluoride application(p<0.05) but there are no significant differences between Δ AFL of all groups (p=0.222). Result of Pearson's correlation analysis, there are no significant correlation between VHN and AFL, but there were significant correlation between AFL at baseline and 1 day after fluoride application(r=0.811, p<0.001). Although AFL decreased after fluoride application, but there was no difference between the groups. In the future, it is necessary to test the oral environment model or in situ experiment supplemented the limitations of this study.

신안선에서 발견된 흑유자 중 자주요계, 차양요, 홍당요 등 3곳으로 분류된 6점의 유약에 대해 과학적 분석을 실시하였다. 홍당요는 유약 두께가 얇고 자화가 거의 이루어지지 않았다는 점에서 큰 차이를 보였다. 차양요와 자주요계 흑유자의 경우 단면상으로는 서로 공통점이 확인되었으나 라만 매핑 이미지를 통해 자철석의 분포 범위에서 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 차이가 나타나는 원인과 흑유자의 유약 형성 조건을 알아보고자 실시한 소성 실험 결과, 발색제로 사용된 적철석(Fe2O3)은 1250℃ 보다 높게 소성될 때 자철석(Fe3O4)으로 변하여 흑색을 띠는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 홍당요 흑유자는 약 1200℃, 자주요계와 차양요 흑유자는 1250~1300℃ 에서 소성하였을 것으로 추정하였다. 다만 고대 가마의 소성 특성을 고려할 때 자철석의 영역이 유약 표면까지 확장될 수 있을 정도로 오래 소성되 었을 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 향후 흑유자 유약에 대한 라만 스펙트럼 및 매핑 이미지의 데이터베이스 구축과 더불어 추가적인 실험이 이루어진다면 흑유자의 제작 조건을 규명하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다 .

In this study, black-glazed porcelain excavated from the Shinan shipwreck is analyzed to distinguish its characteristics. Glazes of Hong-Tang kiln are thin and exhibit little vitrification, whereas the Ci-Zhou-type and Cha-Yang kilns are similar in terms of their cross section. However, Raman mapping images reveal difference in the distribution area of magnetite. In this study, firing experiments are conducted to determine how iron oxides change properties in black glazes. The results show that when hematite is fired to a temperature greater than 1250℃, it becomes magnetite. Therefore, it is estimated that a firing temperature of approximately 1200℃ is suitable for the Hong-Tang kiln. In addition, glazes of the Ci-Zhou-type and Cha-Yang kilns are fired at approximately 1300℃. However, when the characteristics of firing in ancient kilns are considered, porcelain can be fired for a sufficiently long period to extend to glaze surfaces.