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Background/Objectives: Most colleges and universities in the Philippines consider acquiring a speech laboratory equipment a tough matter to manage due to the prices and after-sales support. Methods/Statistical analysis: Many speech laboratory equipments from abroad exist but would not serve for a long time, particularly in terms of durability and maintainability. Findings: The researcher developed a digital innovation in developing speech laboratory equipment that suitable for the end-user to operate the system quickly using a personal computer (PC). An interface was connecting serial communication via USB port to a Fuzzy Logic Controller to facilitate the switching of speaker and microphone in the student cubicles/headsets in real audio while in peer-to-peer communication. Moreover, the monitor or console of the teacher operates in a more comfortable and user-friendly manner. When the teacher clicks the desired function or button, the Fuzzy Logic Controller module responds and processes the command to enable or disable the student's headset. On the student's side, there is a call button function to highlight the teacher console. Improvements/Applications: Hence, the system is maintainable and flexible that can even run on Windows Operating Systems and Linux.

프로그래밍 수업은 실습 중심의 특성으로 인하여 기술 변화의 영향을 많이 받았다. 이제는 학습 내용 뿐만 아니라 학습 방법에서도 변화가 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 생성형 AI를 활용하여 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 학습에 대한 동기를 증진시키고, 학습 과정에서 회복탄력성을 높일 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 회복탄력성의 하위요소 분석을 통하여, 생성형 AI가 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 교육에서 학습자를 위한 프로그래밍 학습 방식으로 활용될 수 있고, 프로그래밍 학습 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 학습된 무기력을 해결하거나 학습 동기를 높이는데 기여할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 교수자에게 교육 과정을 설계하고 실행하는 단계에서 생성형 AI를 활용할 때 고려할 점을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 Atmega128 마이크로콘트롤러 프로그래밍 수업에서의 새로운 방향성을 제시하고, 교육 분야에서 AI 활용의 잠재력을 탐색하는 기초를 마련할 것으로 기대할 수 있었다.

Programming classes have been greatly influenced by technological changes due to their practical nature. Now, not only the content but also the learning methods are being demanded to change. Therefore, this study proposes the potential of using generative AI to enhance motivation and increase resilience of students in Atmega128 microcontroller programming learning. Through the analysis of sub-factors of resilience, it was revealed that generative AI can be utilized as a programming learning approach in Atmega128 microcontroller programming education. It also helps to address learned helplessness problems and increase learning motivation during the programming learning process. Thus, it was found that educators may benefit from incorporating generative AI into the design and implementation of educational programs. This research presents a new direction for Atmega128 microcontroller programming courses and sets the groundwork for exploring the potential of AI in the field of education.

본 논문에서는 IoT 기기에 내장되는 마이크로컨트롤러의 1개 아날로그 포트를 이용해 1개의 아날로그 입력과 2개의 디지털 스위치 입력을 각각 입력받을 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법은 아날로그 입력포트의 입력전압 범위 중 상한선과 하한선을 정해 이 구간은 아날로그 입력 전압을 입력받고, 디지털 스위치들은 각각 상한선과 하한선의 경계를 초과하도록 구성하였다. 제시한 방법의 성능을 입증하기 위해 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 회로를 구성하고 실험하 였으며, 그 결과 3종류의 입력들이 모두 1개의 아날로그 포트를 이용해 각각 감지할 수 있으므로 본래 필요했던 3개의 입력포트가 1개의 입력포트로, 즉 33%로 줄어드는 효과가 나타남을 확인하였다.

In this paper, a method of inputting one analog input and two digital switch inputs by using one analog port of microcontroller embedded in IoT device was proposed. In this method, the upper limit and the lower limit of the input voltage range of the analog input port are determined, and the analog input voltage is input to this interval. The digital switches are configured to exceed the boundaries of the upper and lower limits, respectively. To verify the performance of the proposed method, an experimental circuit was constructed and tested using a microcontroller. As a result, all three inputs can be sensed using a single analog port, thus confirming that the three required input ports are reduced to one input port, ie, 33%.

This paper presents a CoAP(Constrained Application Protocol) implementation in an I-Safety IoT Platform for indoor safety services to users in home network environment. CoAP is a compact web transfer protocol based on REST(Representational State Transfer) architecture and designed to be over datagram-oriented transport such as UDP. Also, it designed a succinct header and a simple parsing algorithm so it is suitable for constrained nodes and networks. In this paper, a CoAP implementation has been developed in Linux and runs on Contiki OS. A development verification of it can confirm using a web browser.

본 논문에서는 IT기기에 사용되는 마이너스 전압을 생성할 때 이를 기동하는 기능과 과부하를 감지해 이에 대처하는 기능을 마이크로컨트롤러를 이용해 제어하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 기존의 마이너스 전압 생성회로가 가지는 제약점 및 과부하시 발생되는 문제점을 분석하고, 별도의 전류감지 회로 없이 과부하 상태를 검출해 제어하는 방법을 제시하였다. 제시한 방법의 효과를 확인하기 위해 실험회로를 구성하여 실험을 진행한 결과 기존의 마이너스 전압 생성회로에서는 과부하 시 래치-업 상태로 돌입해 회로가 위험한 상태로 진입하는 것에 비해 제시한 회로는 이를 감지해 회로의 동작을 차단하고 이러한 이상상태를 사용자에게 알려 조치를 취할 수 있으며, 회로의 기동시점을 시스템 상태에 맞춰 결정하므로 기동시간이 타임스위치 방식에 비해 약 23%정도로 크게 단축되는 실험결과를 확인하였다.

In this paper, the function of starting the negative voltage used in the IT equipment when it is generated and the method of controlling it using a microcontroller for the function to detect the overload and respond to it are presented. To do this, the limitations of the existing negative voltage generation circuit and the problems that occur during overload were analyzed, and a circuit that detects and controls the overload condition without a separate current sensing circuit was presented. In order to confirm the effect of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted by configuring an experimental circuit. As a result of the experiment, compared to the existing negative voltage generation circuit, which falls into a latch-up state when overloaded and enters a dangerous state, the proposed circuit detects this, stop the operation of the circuit, and informs the user of such an abnormal state to take action. have. In addition, since the starting point of the circuit is determined according to the system state, the experimental result was confirmed that the starting time was significantly shortened by about 23% compared to the time switch method.

최근 생활 속에서 다양하게 사용되어 지고 있는 IoT 제품들 중 모터를 사용하고 있는 제품이 늘고 있다. 이에 다중의 모터를 손쉽게 제어할 수 있는 마이크로컨트롤러유닛의 개발과 이를 제어할 수 있는 어플리케이션을 개발하여 다양한 곳에 사용되고 있는 모터들을 본 연구를 통해 개발된 마이크로컨트롤러유닛을 이용하여 제어 가능하게 하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 본 연구는 마이크로컨트롤러유닛을 개발하기 위해 아두이노 보드를 기본으로 하였고, 아두이 노에 블루투스 모듈과 지그비 모듈 그리고 모터컨트롤러를 연결하여 하드웨어를 개발하였다. 또한 이를 제어하기 위해 어플리케이션을 개발하였으며 어플리케이션의 디자인을 진행하였다. 이렇게 개발된 마이크로컨트롤러유닛과 어플리케 이션은 전동커튼, 전동블라인드, 로봇 및 다양한 IoT제품에 응용될 수 있기를 기대한다. 또한 향후 연구를 통해 스테핑 모터 외의 다양한 모터를 제어할 수 있는 하드웨어 개발이 이어질 것이다.

In recent years, among the IoT products that are used in various ways in everyday life, motorized products are increasing. This study aims to develop a microcontroller unit that can easily control multiple motors and develop an application that makes use of this microcontroller unit. The basis of the hardware developed by the research was the Arduino board, and to it, the Bluetooth module, Zigbee module, and a motor driver were connected. To control the device, an application was designed. The final microcontroller unit and its application may be applied to electric curtains, electric blinds, robots, and other various IoT products. Further research will lead to hardware development that can control various types of motors other than stepping motors.

In our country millions of peoples are affected by diabetes. In future, this range will get increased as said by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diabetes is a chronic disease and has the high risk of heart attack, stroke and in later stages cause blindness, kidney failure. This is mainly associated with insulin production and its action. Hence to recover the diabetic patients from these risks, insulin must be given periodically to the persons. Nowadays insulin is given to the diabetic patients by injector, inhaler or by syringes. This is not a precise method to sustain our blood glucose level. So to manage the problems related with this complex disease, automatic insulin pump provides the better blood glucose level maintained by injecting the insulin at regular intervals. This insulin pump supply distinctly limited dosage of insulin to diabetic persons who require multiple injections daily to maintain their glucose level in blood. This system automatically provides insulin at predefined times regularly, so that they keep control of blood glucose level.

Recently, the development of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication has been largely accomplished in a variety of fields including smart home. In M2M communication, the role of sensor node is only limited to gather data and send them to upper application layers. In this research, the limited role of the sensor node in traditional M2M communication is improved in order for the sensor node to make inference based on the sensor data. If the sensor node can make inference, it is possible to provide basic context-aware services within sensor node level. Therefore, in this paper, implementation of rule-based inference system on microcontroller for smart home is proposed.

In order to be effectively utilizing the sunlight energy into electricity, the photovoltaic modules should be perpendicularly to the sunlight direction. However, the orientation of sunlight on Earth’s surface is varied that makes it difficult to find the optimal direction. For this reason, the solar tracker should be available to drive modules in the expected direction. In this study, the solar tracker is designed based on microcontroller ATMega8535 and the position is adjusted based on the IC RTC timer response. The IC RTC is able to regulate the movement of photovoltaic modules about 15 degree per hour. The updating position of PV module is constantly changed, but the approach is enough for capturing sunlight energy for PV applications in equator region. The testing results show that the accumulative energy capturing annually from a 2250 Wp of PV system is about 500 kWh higher than that of without solar tracker.

Understanding low-level machine organization and programming often proves difficult for students and practitioners. The basic concepts behind computer operations are complicated by a multiplicity of subject domains, discrepancy between theory and practice, and ranges of abstraction. The gap between a written program and processor hardware can be bridged by utilizing an assembler visualization tool. Visualization is useful for enhancing understanding of maintenance, configuring verification, planning tests, and recognizing parallelism in computer systems. This paper proposes a diagrammatic methodology for producing a conceptual representation of assembly language instructions. Without loss of generality, this paper focuses on using these diagrams in teaching Microcontroller 8051. Its assembly constructs are represented in the proposed method in order to show that this representation can provide a foundation for understanding the behavior of running programs. The resultant schematics offer a viable method for new hardware/software independent descriptions that can be used in teaching low-level machine organization and assembly programming.

Single phase induction motors are the most widely used motors for home appliances. The AC induction motor has a simple rugged design. Other advantages include low cost, low maintenance and can be connected directly to an AC power source. When power is supplied to an induction motor at the recommended specifications, it runs at its rated speed [1]. However, many applications need variable speed operation. One of them is a fan. This paper presents a design of a microcontroller based motor controller with heat sensor which is used to vary the speed of a motor in a smart home. The discussion includes the design of a controller that varies the speeds of the motor with respect to the ambient temperature in a smart home environment. The controller is embedded as an addition to a stand fan. A phase control method is selected to be implemented in this design. The power delivery to the motor is controlled by the firing angle of a Triac where it controls the AC power supply. With the firing time controlled by the Triac, the input power to the motor can be controlled accordingly. In addition, a hand-clap circuit is also introduced which acts as a switch to activate or deactivate the motor.

As the scope of social expectations and roles in the design field has expanded, the demand for education to cope with changes in the technology environment is increasing in design education. In response to this trend, microcontroller board-type design-prototyping tools have also been introduced into design education, and much educational content is being developed. However, there is the perception that students who are majoring in design without engineering knowledge are still barred from entry. A variety of educational content and tools have been developed to solve these difficulties, although there are several limitations to their practical application. Especially, in the design education courses in universities, the functional expectation level for prototyping is high, but most of the content developed for solving the difficulties has been developed for the lower education levels, and it could be said that a great deal of learning is necessary to solve the problem. In this study, students were asked about microcontroller board utilization and their satisfaction with their design through questionnaires and with the developed microcontroller board development direction via Focus Group Interviews. Based on this, we tested microcontroller boards that eliminate the coding process and which students can use to create and prototype their work as a suggestion to fulfil demand. After using the board, both the usability and improvement of the product were checked. Confirmation of the usefulness of the freecoding- type microcontroller was obtained through this study along with the possibility of responding to various educational demands by applying the application design related to this product.

The design of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) microcontroller-based distributed DC power supply is presented. The system includes a photovoltaic (PV) power generation, commercial hardware drive power system, and a battery booster circuit. A software control technology is used for storage battery charging and discharging. The PID control algorithm is used to control AVR microcontroller to achieve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and to improve system stability. In addition to the traditional battery power, the system can make full use of solar system for energy sustainability. Experiment results show that the proposed system outperforms the traditional system with respect to the function of track, monitor and fine-tune for system steady state.

The main purpose of the research was to develop an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) data logger using microcontroller Netduino. It will be useful to each sector which affected by weather. This research implement a telemetry system on Netduino logger in purpose to place it on remote area application, beside the study was developed a switching channel method to expand the number of I/O analog pin on Netduino. A correction factor resulted by data analysis during calibration and validation using linear regression method was “0.8594x + 4.7486” with R2 = 0.9367. This research conclude that processing analog signal on Netduino has an alteration between its real value even not significantly, some treatment has implemented to reduce the error of data output, with using good power resource and moving averaging on each data reads (FAH).

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the most commonly used bio-medical signal for diagnostic purpose. It can be used to diagnose heart disease, identify cardiac arrhythmias, and evaluate effect of drugs. Earlier the ECG systems were designed to be used in hospitals and clinics, but now there is an increased demand for the ECG machines that can be used as a lifestyle product for routine health monitoring. For example, we already have systems that are being used in homes for blood pressure and glucose level measurement. Therefore, user- friendly, affordable and portable ECG system that can be managed by the user is a great research area. The size, cost, performance, recording time & energy efficiency of medical equipment design has undergone a great transition along with a timeline. With the advancement in low power embedded hardware technology & Signal processing platforms, more efficient ECG system designs have started to emerge. This paper presents a review of the resent work on the design of portable & low power ECG systems. Further inspired by some of the related work [3-6], this paper also presents to design & development of a wearable & ultra-low power ECG data acquisition system using MSP430 microcontroller. The power consumption of the given design is then compared with other designs discussed in the literature review. The comparison shows that our design consumes the lowest power among these.

Based on microcontroller, an audio source switcher which can be used for medium wave transmitter is proposed in this paper. According to the default priority, the proposed switcher can correctly realize the function of switch among other signal channels when the current audio source is in transmission fault. In order to improve the stability and practical value, the switcher can correctly distinguish the statuses of speech pause and transmission fault according to default time. Moreover, the trap filter is also used in switcher to inhabit the high frequency interference of transmitting station. It is expected that this switcher has potential application in future.

Implemented a small scale laboratory based Thyristor switched capacitor - thyristor controlled reactor (TSC-TCR) type static var compensator (SVC). The automatic control circuit has been implemented using microcontroller and tested with the Single Machine Two Bus Test system (SMTB) without and with SVC. Experimental results are presented and P-V Curves have been drawn for both the cases. Automatic control circuit have been designed and fabricated using LPC 2148 Microcontroller. The same test system was tested with SVC automatic control circuit and experimental results have been presented in this paper. The P-V Curves of the SMTB Test system with and with out SVC have been plotted which shows the effectiveness of SVC on Voltage Stability improvement.

Among the methods of treating tinnitus, the transcutaneous clectrical nerve stimulation (TENS) method of treating by electrical stimulation is common. However, there is a problem that surgical operation is required to stimulate the vagus nerve (VN) main trunk near most of the bronchus. Alternatively, we found that the same effect could be achieved by electrically stimulating the vagus nerve VN branch (Arnold's nerve) distributed in the outer ear. The TENS system for stimulation of vagus nerve has been developed, but it has not been able to implement to stimulate as a parameter optimized for the patient by simultaneously playing the sound of eliminating the tinnitus frequency. Therefore, in this paper, it is important to develop a safe and practical TENS device for tinnitus treatment based on a 32-bit microprocessor that simultaneously applies non-invasive and notched sounds and to develop optimal treatment methods for treating tinnitus.

Indoor air quality is a very important parameter for living environments, which is closely related to people's daily work and health. However, nowadays, the environmental pollution, haze weather and other issues have become increasingly prominent. In this context, it is necessary to design an automatic detection device for monitoring the air quality in buildings. In this paper, an indoor air quality monitoring system was designed and implemented based on LPC2148 micro-processor by means of the sensor technology, embedded technology and communication technology. The system could simultaneously monitor a variety of harmful gases and monitoring gas and setting alarm values according to the requirements of the indoor environment, such as indoor temperature, humidity, formaldehyde and methane, as well as PM2.5. All of the measured data is transmitted to the remote server to process through Ethernet. The experimental results show that, the system works stably and has high accuracy, which has broad market prospect.