Earticle

본 연구는 작전환경 기반 Operational Mode Summary(OMS)와 Mission Profile(MP)을 통합하여 신뢰도(Reliability), 가용도(Availability), 정비성(Maintainability)에 대한 RAM 목표값(RAM Requirements)을 설정하기 위한 정량적 방법론 을 제시한다. 기존 연구가 OMS/MP를 RAM 분석의 참고자료로 활용하는 데 그쳤던 것과 달리, 본 연구는 작전환경에서 발 생하는 기동⋅사격⋅진지전환⋅환경부하를 MP 요소로 정량화하고, 이를 고장률 λ 산정 및 Ao⋅MTBF⋅MTTR 목표 범위 산출에 직접 연계하였다. 사례연구로 소형전술차량 탑재형 120 mm 박격포체계를 적용하였으며, 부하기반 고장기여도(λᵢ) 분석을 통해 RAM 목표 설정에 활용 가능한 절차적 기반을 검증하였다. 비록 실제 수치는 보안상 비공개이나, 본 연구의 핵 심 기여는 OMS/MP의 정량화를 통해 RAM 목표값을 도출하는 절차적 프레임워크를 제시한 데 있으며, 이는 향후 무기체계 요구도(ROC), 핵심성능지표(KPP), 시험평가 기준 설정에 기여할 수 있다.

This study proposes a quantitative methodology for deriving RAM requirements—Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability—by integrating mission-environment–based Operational Mode Summary (OMS) and Mission Profile (MP) analyses. While previous studies have used OMS/MP only as supplementary references for RAM assessment, this research quantitatively defines mobility, firing, displacement, and environmental loads as MP elements and directly links them to the estimation of failure rate (λ) and the derivation of Ao, MTBF, and MTTR requirement ranges. A light tactical vehicle–mounted 120 mm mortar system is employed as a case study, and the applicability of the proposed framework is verified through load-based failure contribution (λᵢ) analysis. Although specific numerical values cannot be disclosed due to security constraints, the main contribution of this study lies in presenting a structured procedural framework that derives RAM requirement values from quantitatively formulated OMS/MP data. The proposed methodology is expected to support requirement development processes, including ROC and KPP formulation, as well as the establishment of evaluation criteria in the early stages of defense acquisition programs.

B2C의 “신용카드”를 대체할 만한 “결제수단”으로 2001년 신용보증기금과 은행, (물류업체), e-MP(Market Place)가 참여하여, 기업간 e-MP(기업간 전자결제 결제 시스템)를 통한 전자상거래에 의한 구매를 신용보증기금이 보증해 주는 B2B 전자상거래보증제도를 도입하였다. 기업간 전자상거래를 지원하는 전자결제시스템인 e-MP 서비스는 지난 10년 동안 운영되어 중소기업의 성장에 많은 기여를 하였다. 기업 간 전자상거래보증은 구매기업에게 거래한도 확장으로 안정적인 구매처를 확보하고 업무 프로세스 개선을 통한 기업 경쟁력 강화에 기여하였다. 그러나. 신용보증기관의 보증지원을 기반으로 한 사업으로서 규모의 한계를 보유하고 있다. 신용보증기관의 보증지원을 기반으로 한 사업으로서 규모의 한계를 극복하기 위해서는 정부의 중소기업에 대한 직접 또는 간접지원의 강화 운영을 e-MP 사업기반으로 해야 한다. 또한 e-MP서비스를 통한 새로운 모델 개척이 필요하다. 기업간 전자상거래 활성화 측면 뿐만 아니라 e-MP의 새로운 수익모델을 위해 신용보증기관이 직접 개입하여 운영하는 기업간 통합온라인장터 구축과 이를 활용하는 기업에게 구매자금을 동시에 제공하는 모델에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

The B2B e-commerce assurance system supports e-commerce purchases by Credit Guarantee Fund. This process seeks to replace a variety of current systems, including B2C, the credit card payment method on B2B, 2001 Credit Guarantee Fund and the Bank, logistics, e-MP (Market Place), and Business-to-business e-MP (business-to-business electronic payment settlement system). Over the past 10 years of its operation, the e-MP service (B2B e-commerce electronic payment systems) has contributed much to the growth of SMEs. The development of business-to-business e-commerce transactions systems and limits have provided a stable purchasing platform, improving corporate competitiveness. However. the project-based scale of credit guarantee institutions has limitations. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new model of direct or indirect government support for small business e-MP projects. This new model will support the B2B electronic commerce by allowing it to directly involve guarantee institutions directly in B2B online transactions. Therefore, this study urges government backing of the SME based B2B online business model with e-MP service.

OMS/MP는 CONOPS를 기반으로 작성되며, ORD의 부속서로 RAM 목표값 산출의 기초자료로 제공된다. 유사장비 야전운용제원은 OMS/MP에 반영되어 RAM 목표값이 소요군의 관점에서 설정되는데 활용되어야 한다. 그러나 표준화된 OMS/MP 템플릿이 정립되지 않아 정량화된 자료획득이 제한되어 소요군 중심의 신뢰성 있는 무기체계획득이 미흡한 실정이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 무기체계에 일반적으로 적용될 수 있는 표준화된 OMS/MP 템플릿을 제시하였다. 이를 기반으로 RAM 목표값 도출과 전산도구를 활용한 RAM 목표값 검증 프로세스를 도출하였다.

An OMS/MP is made based on the CONOPS as an appendix of the ORD, providing the baseline data of RAM goal figure calculations. Field operational data of similar equipment is reflected in the OMS/MP and should be used to fix RAM goal figure from the point of the user. But since a standard OMS/MP template has not been established, acquirement of quantificational data has also been restricted. Considering the circumstances where the acquirement of reliable user-based weapon systems is limited, the research seen from this viewpoint has presented a standardized OMS/MP template that can be applied to the weapon systems in general. Based on this, the RAM goal and RAM goal verification process has been deducted

The「Operational Mode Summary/Mission Profile(OMS/MP)」describes how a weapon system will be used in wartime and/or peacetime at the time it is fielded with focus on the future. Information in the「OMS/M P」presents a structured, quantitative picture of annual equipment usage. The 「OMS/MP」is a source document during the acquisition process and is required to support the development of performance specifications. Reliability is one of the important factors which show performance specification and availability. To get a target value of the vehicle reliability, as there is no「OMS/MP」that fits vehicle only, the elements of time and distance related to operation and maintenance of weapon system focused on driving mission are used. This work describes calculation procedure of「Mean Kilometers Between Failure (MKBF)」and applied method. The target value is quantified by based on distance of the「OMS/MP」and calculated from concept of operational availability. As a result we provide basic framework for reliability goal to the vehicle.

RAM 분석은 무기체계의 개발 목표를 제시함으로써 투입되어야 하는 재원의 범위를 결정짓는데, RAM 분석이 제대로 되 지 않을 경우 사업비용의 막대한 증가를 초래할 수 있다. 개념연구 단계에서의 누적비용비율은 총 비용대비 1%미만이지만 총 수명주기비용의 65-70%가 결정되므로 탐색개발 전 단계까지 RAM 분석이 매우 중요하다. 새로운 기술에 기반한 신규 무기체 계를 기존 방식의 OMS/MP로 작성하여 RAM 목표값을 산출하면, 미래 전장에서 적용될 신규 기능의 반영이 어렵다는 제한 사항이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 무인전투차량의 사례를 중심으로 델파이기법과 베이지안 이론을 토대로 신규 기능을 반영한 인수를 도출하여 OMS/MP를 작성하는 방법을 제시한다.

RAM analysis determines the range of resources to be invested by presenting the development goals of the weapon sy stem. If the RAM analysis is not performed properly, it can cause a huge increase in business costs. While the cumulative cost ratio in the concept study is less than 1% of the total cost, 65-70% of the total lifecycle cost is determined and can't be reduced later. Therefore, RAM analysis is crucial in precedent study. When calculating the target RAM value by writin g an existing OMS/MP, new functions and the future missions are hardly considered and reflected. Therefore, this paper p roposes a method to establish OMS/MP by deriving arguments based on Delphi and Bayesian theory focusing on unmann ed combat vehicle.

본 연구는 동아시아에 있어서의 냉전에 관한 개념과 그 대안을 논의할 때 우쓰노미야 토쿠마(宇都宮徳間, 1906-2000)라는 정치인의 사상과 행동을 볼 필요가 있다고 주장한다. 우쓰노미야는 한일관계가 가장 어려운 시기인 1973 년 김대중 사건 전후 당시에 핵심적인 인물이었다. 게다가　일본 자민당 속에 주류 당파를 비난한 평화주의자로 군축을 위해 활 동했지만 1992 년부터 점점 더 많이 망각된 사람이었다. 1978 년 마침내 자민당과 이당하 고 현역한 동안 자민당 비판을 끝없이 했으나 일본 민주주의의 문제점을 지적했기 때문에 오늘날 일본 정치계　입장에서도, 김대중 사건 후부터 날카롭게 대한민국 정부, 박정희정 권, 전두환정권을 비난하고 북한과의 좋은 관계 맺도록 했으니 대한민국　입장에서도 기억 하기 쉽지 않은 사람이다. 우쓰노미야 토쿠마는 3.1 운동을 진압한 조선군사령관 우쓰노미야 타로 (1861-1922)의 아들이었고 그와 정반대의 길을 나갔지만, 아버지한테 아시아주의적 사상을 받아드리고, 전후 일본의 미국, 한국과 대만을 동맹으로 한 외교정치보다 군대주의가 아닌 중국과 북 한과도 평화적, 호감적 관계를 맺도록 활동했다. 그래서 일본에 있어서 김대중의 제일 확 고한 지지자가 되었다. 이시바시 단잔 (石橋湛, 1884-1973)과 함께 소일본주의를 입각하여 1950 년대말부터 중국과의 관계 회복에 노력하여, 김대중 사건이후부터 당시 대한민국 정 권을 실망하고 대신에 북한과의 화해를 찾는 길로 나가 김일성과 회담도 6 번이나마 했다. 이처럼 활동한 우쓰노미야 토쿠마는 “양심적 일본 정치인”으로 평가되어 왔기 때문에 더욱 깊이 있는 평가가 없는 것으로 보이며 그의 사상과 행동에 대한 비평이 특히 중국 에 관련해서 늘 긍정적이다. 그의 한반도에 관련한 행동은 아직 큰 관심을 받지 못하고, 늘 긍정적으로 평가 받기 때문에　그는 망각되어 간다. 우쓰노미야의 한반도에 있어서의 의미를 고찰하고 그에 대한 더욱 포괄적인 평가가 필요한데， 본 연구는 그의 전후 동아 시아 외교정치에 있어서의 역할을 생각하는데 그 첫걸음이 되고 싶다.

The present study asserts that the thinking and actions of the politician Tokuma Utsunomiya (1906-2000）is worth taking a look when discussing the Cold War in East Asia, for he worked toward an alternative diplomacy to render the Cold War meaningless in the region. Utsunomiya was a critical figure in the 1973 kidnapping of Kim Tae-jung when South Korea and Japan were in the most strained relations. Furthermore, he acted as a pacifist for disarmament and criticized the mainstream members of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Japan's ruling party to which he belonged himself until 1978. From then, Utsunomiya continuously denounced the party while continuing to work actively as a politician. He fell out with South Korea, chastising the Park Chung-hee administration as well as the Chun Doo-hwan administration after the Kim Tae-jung kidnapping incident and from then attempted to build an amicable relationship with North Korea. Tokuma Utsunomiya was the son of Utsunomiya Taro (1861-1922), the then-commander of the Japanese army in Korea, who cracked down on the March 1st Movement. As son of a military man, Utsunomiya chose a completely different career than his father albeit taking in his Asianist thought. Tokuma became a devout pacifist and negated Japan's alliances with militarist countries such as South Korea and Taiwan and opted for normalization with China and North Korea. Against this backdrop, he stayed the strongest supporter of Kim Tae-jung in Japan, and in the aftermath of the kidnapping had a distinguished role in the movement to spare Kim Tae-jung from imprisonment and death sentence. “Turning to the North to help the South”, he had six meetings with Kim Il-sung to find a way to reconcile with North Korea. The fact that Tokuma Utsunomiya has been recognized as a “conscientious Japanese politician” can be attributed to the absence of an in-depth assessment. As his efforts regarding China and the Korean peninsula are yet to catch much attention and have been always positively appraised, he is being buried in oblivion. With a close look into the significance of Utsunomiya’s actions regarding the Korean peninsula along with a comprehensive evaluation of his political life, this study serves as the first step to delve into his role in diplomatic politics in the post-war era.

본 연구의 목적은 근대5종 선수를 대상으로 실제 경기에서 결정적 승패요인이 되는 무산소성 파워와 무산소성 지구력 및 회복능력을 분석 평가하고, 이를 근거로 개인별 트레이닝 처방을 제시하는데 있다. 대학 근대5종 남자선수를 대상으로 무산소성 최대파워 측정 시스템(Excaliber Sports: Netherlands)을 이용하여 윙게이트 테스트 방법으로 측정 한 무산소성 운동능력을 종합하여 기술통계에 의한 산술적 평균값을 정리하였다. 국가대표팀과 비교에서, 무산소성 운동 능력 중 최고 파워는 A, B, C, N, E, F선수 모두 더 높은 수준으로으로 평가되었고, 평균 파워는 대부분 약간 높은 수준의 선수(A, C, D, E, F)와 유사한 수준의 선수(B)로 평가되었으며, 피로회복 능력(피로지수에 근거함)은 높은 수준의 선수 (A, D), 유사한 수준의 선수(E, F), 그리고 오히려 더 낮은 수준의 선수(B, C)로 평가되었다. 개인별 진단, 평가 결과에서, 최고 및 평균 파워가 낮은 선수는 유, 무선소성 인터벌 트레이닝과 무산소성 역치(AT)역치 트레이닝을 강화하고, 피로회복 능력이 낮은 선수는 젖산시스템 강화 트레이닝과 함께 젖산내성 트레이닝을 적극 추천한 다. 이러한 개인별 비교,평가 결과에 근거하여 선수 개인별로 부족한 부분의 구체적이고 특이적인(specific) 무산소성 체력요인과 트레이닝 방법을 제시하였으며, 동시에 이를 실행할 수 있는 계기로 삼아야 할 것이다.

The purse of this study is to evaluate and diagnose anaerobic capacity for K-university male modern pentathlon athletes. Six-elite modern pentathlon athletes(n=6, age 19.95yrs, height 178.8cm, weight 71.34kg, BMI 10.83%fat, BMD 1.25g/cm2) performed three-30sec WAnT with Excalliber Sports, Netherlands for anaerobic capacities. Total work, peak power, mean power, minimum power, fatigue index were assessed and the test results were summarized, and compared with those of national and international other events and athletes in this paper. And the results of study is as follows: Peak power in athlete A,B,C,D,E,F all showed higher level than those of compared team. Mean power in athlete A,C,D,E,F appeared higher than those of compared team, and in athlete B moderately higher than those of compared team. Fatigue index in athlete A,D assessed higher than those of compared team, in athlete E,F slightly higher than those of compared team. but in athlete B, C rather showed lower than those of compared team. Thus, the results of this study recommended that the lower athletes of peak and mean power must carry out aerobic and anaerobic interval training and anaerobic threshold(AT) training, and the lower athletes of fatigue index must strengthen anaerobic system and lactate tolerance training. Based on these individual comparison and evaluation results, specific personalized training methods of each individual athletes for anaerobic power and capacity were recommended, and it should be followed as an opportunity to implement them.

The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing plays an important role in diagnosing cardiopathy. Sparse decomposition provides a new tool for ECG signal processing. Matching pursuit (MP) algorithm uses overcomplete dictionary to decompose the signal, so it can reflect the properties of the signal. In decomposition process, searching a best atom of the dictionary is an optimal problem; Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to solve this problem. This paper proposed an improved MP algorithm based on GA to denoise the ECG signal, whose dictionary is composed of Gabor atoms. The experiment simulation results show that the proposed method can get a good denosing effect in a shorter time than not use GA algorithm.

Cryptococcus neoformans is the opportunistic human-pathogenic fungus causing life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients, such as patients who acquired AIDS. Several C. neoformans mannoproteins (MPs), such as MP98 and MP88, are reported as key antigens stimulating host CD4(+) T-cell response. In this study, we investigated the effect of altered structure of N-glycans assembled on MPs in interaction with host cells. The expression patterns of MP98(H) and MP88(H) proteins, the his-tagged forms without GPI-anchor, in the wild-type (WT) and various N-/O-glycosylation mutant strains indicated that MP98 is modified mainly by N-glycosylation whereas MP88 is subject to both N-glycosylation and O-mannosylation. The MP98(H) and MP88(H) proteins were purified from WT and a N-glycosylation defective mutant strain, Cnalg3Δ, in the cap59Δ mutant background to facilitate purification of secretory proteins by inhibiting capsule biosynthesis. The in vitro adhesion assay showed that both of the WT-type MPs, bearing high-mannose type N-glycans, adhered efficiently to epithelial lung cells but not to macrophage cells. The MP88(H) secreted from the alg3Δ/cap59Δ strain showed slightly decreased adhesion to lung cells compared to the WT-secreted MP88(H). However, unexpectedly, the MP98(H) protein from the alg3Δ/cap59Δ strain showed rather increased adherence to the lung cells than the WT-secreted MP98(H) protein, indicating that truncated N-glycans rather enhanced adhesion of MP98(H) to epithelial lung cells. These results indicate that altered N-glycan structures of MPs may affect the adhesion efficiency of C. neoformans in a protein-specific way.

The present task allocation methods exists some problems, such as lower execution efficiency and poor consideration on mobility and security. Therefore, on the basis of MP2P network, the paper proposed a task allocation method based on modified Vicsek model in the view of cooperatives, security and mobility. From the contrast experiment with DFPSO and Random, we concluded that the average execution time delay of proposed method increased 17.6% on average than DFPSO. And the number of completed tasks increased 18.5% and 1 times than DFPSO and Random.

This work focused on screening and characterizing antibiotic-producing Bacillus strains to develop newpeptide antibiotics that can overcome the growing resistance of disease-causing microbes. Twenty bacillus strains were isolated from mud flat using various kinds of Bacillus isolation media. Among them, strain mp56 was determined to show strong antimicrobial activity against multi drug resistant bacteria. 16S rRNA sequence analyses indicated that strain MP56 belonged to the genus Bacillus. The optimal medium composition for production of antimicrobial substance in the Bacillussubtilis MP56 were 1% mannitol, 1% oat meal, 0.01% CaCl2. Strain MP56 exhibited antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and imipenem resistant bacteria. The result suggests that Bacillus strain MP56 produces high quality antimicrobial substance that might be very useful to control varieties of pathogenic microbial growth.

This research develops, and empirically test a model for explaining/predicting the satisfaction of international traders with internet-based e-MP. This paper describes a theoretical model for investigating the service quality satisfaction in e-MP productivity determinants of electronic trade.This research is the first to empirical test the causal relationships in productivity determinants of Trade E-MP site. The model of service quality satisfaction for Trade E-MP are tested here using data from 118 samples.Based on the research model, a comprehensive set of hypotheses is formulated and a methodology for testing them is outlined. some of the hypotheses are tested empirically to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical model.In examining the relationships of the productivity determinants factors, service quality satisfaction show in significantly by Reliability, Information Provided, Trustworthiness, Convenience, Interaction but that show in not significantly by International of contents. In addition, Trade e-MP site retention shows indirect effect between customer satisfaction and referral.