Earticle

Purpose : In this study, stroke patients’limits of stability and functional reach test and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscle of lower extremity muscle activities to evaluate the correlation. Methods : 30 adult stroke patients to participate in this study. Limits of stability were measured using biorescue, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle of muscles activities were measured with functional reach test when there was movement. Results : Limits of stability and functional reach test (r=0.753, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.706, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.766, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.835, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.663, p<0.01), RMS value of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.816, p<0.01) correlations are shown as statistically significant. Conclusion : The balance and lower extremity muscle activities of stroke patients were studied, and were positively correlated with the RMS value of the limits of stability and functional reach test, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle. This study has shown that stroke patients’ankle joint muscle activity can greatly

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for treatment of children with spastic diplegia, understnding the standing posture and early stage of walking through measuring their lower extremity muscle activity, the angle of pelvic tilt, and lower extremity joint angle in standing through comparative analysis with normal children. The subjects of this study were 16 children of 4-7 years with spastic diplegia and 16 normal children. The results were as follows : First, there was significant difference of the RMS value of standing in rectus femoris and medial hamstring between normal children and children with spastic diplegia(p<.05), but there was no significant difference of the comparison of bilateral symmetry in both groups(p>.05). Second, there was significant difference in the angles of pelvis tilt, knee joint, and ankle joint, and foot angle between normal children and children with spastic diplegia(p<.05). Third, for normal children, as the angle of pelvis tilt was being increased, the muscle contraction of gluteus maximus and rectus femoris became increased, and the angles of knee joint and ankle joint became increased. Also, as the angle of knee joint was increased, the muscle contraction of gluteus maximus and rectus femoris became increased, and as the angle of ankle joint was increased, the muscle contraction of gluteus maximus became increased.

본 연구의 목적은 편평발을 가진 자를 대상으로 Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근육 강화 운동이 한 발 서기 동안 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 긴종아리근의 근육활성도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 편평발을 가진 20대 성 인 16명이며, Low-dye 테이핑(LTG; n=8) 및 발 내재근육 강화 운동(FSG; n=8) 그룹으로 나누었다. 각 그룹은 해당되는 중재를 주 2회 6주간 실시하였다. 앞정강근, 긴종아리근 및 안쪽 장딴지근의 근육 활성도를 측정하였다. 중재 전·후 근육활 성도의 변화를 비교하기 위하여 반복된 이원 배치 분산분석을 실시하였다. 근육활성도 측정 결과, LTG에서는 모든 근육에서 실험 전·후 사이에 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). FSG에서는 실험 전·후 사이에 앞정강근에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 따라서, Low-dye 테이핑과 발 내재근 육강화 운동은 편평발 환자에게 효율적인 하지 근육 활동에 도움이 될 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of low-dye taping and foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercise on the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, calf muscles, and long calf muscles during one-foot standing in subjects with flat feet. The subjects were 16 adults in their 20s with flat feet, and they were divided into low-dye taping (LTG; n=8) and foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercise (FSG; n=8) groups. Each group underwent the appropriate intervention twice a week for 6 weeks. The muscle activity of the tibialis anterior, long calf muscle, and medial calf muscle was measured. Repeated two-way ANOVA was performed to compare changes in muscle activity before and after the intervention. As a result of muscle activity measurement, LTG significantly decreased between before and after the experiment in all muscles (p<.05). In FSG, only the tibialis anterior significantly decreased between before and after the experiment (p<.05). Therefore, low-dye taping and foot intrinsic muscle strengthening exercises will be helpful for efficient the lower extremity muscle activity of flat foot.

Purpose : We studied the correlation between reference voluntary contraction (% RVC) of vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM), Berg balance scale (BBS), and timed-up & go (TUG) test. Methods : We recruited 30 stroke patients from a rehabilitation center at a hospital.? All subjects could walk with or without an assisting device. Subjects were evaluated with % RVC of VL and VM, BBS, and TUG. The data were analyzed using a Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : The % RVC of VL and VM and BBS (p<0.01) showed a significant positive correlation. TUG negatively correlated with % RVC of VL and VM and BBS (p<0.01). Conclusion : Lower extremity muscle activity increases balance and walking ability. We recommend the implementation of lower extremity strength exercises in the rehabilitation of stroke patient.

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 자전거 에르고미터를 이용한 6주간의 페달링 운동프로그램이 하지 근활성도 및 보행에 미치는 영향을 규명 하고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 편마비 환자 20명으로 전방 페달링 운동을 중재한 집단 10명 을 실험군Ⅰ, 후방 페달링 운동을 중재한 집단 10명을 실험군Ⅱ로 선정하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 실험군Ⅰ의 집단 내 근 활성도와 보행의 변화에서 하지 근활성도는 모든 근육에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p < .05), 10MWT에서도 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .05). 실험군Ⅱ의 집단 내 근활성도와 보행의 변화에서도 하지의 근활성도는 모든 근육에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(p < .05, p < .01), 10MWT에서도 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .01). 집단 간 근 활성도와 보행의 변화 비교는 VM과 SOL 그리고 10MWT에서 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p < .05), 실험군Ⅱ가 실험군Ⅰ보다 효과적으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 페달링 운동은 상호교대 움직 임을 유발하는 보행에서 중요한 역할을 하는 안쪽넓은근과 장딴지근의 근활성도 향상시켜 보행 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향 후 뇌졸중 환자에게 다양한 방향성으로 페달링 운동을 중재하여 마비측 하지의 근활성 도와 보행기능을 개선하기 위한 연구가 지속적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pedaling exercise on leg muscle tension and gait by performing pedaling exercise with an ergometer bike that can be safely gait training for stroke patients. The subjects of the study were 20 hemiplegic patients, 10 patients who mediated the anterior pedaling exercise as Experiment Group I, and 10 people who mediated the posterior pedaling exercise as Experimental Group II. After that, 4 times a week for 6 weeks, once a day It was conducted once for 30 minutes. There was a statistically significant difference in muscle activity and gait in all muscles in the muscle activity and gait in the experimental group I group (p < .05), and there was also a statistically significant difference in 10MWT (p < .05). In the change of muscle activity and gait in the experimental group II group, there was a statistically significant difference in the muscle activity of the lower extremities in all muscles (p < .05, p < .01), and there was also a statistically significant difference in 10MWT (p < .01). The comparison of changes in muscle activity and gait between groups showed statistically significant differences in VM, SOL and 10MWT (p < .05), and experimental group II was more effective than experimental group I. In conclusion, it was found that the pedaling exercise had a positive effect on the gait function by improving the muscle activity of the medial broad muscle and the calf muscle, which play an important role in gait that induces alternating movement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the backwards gait on the extremities lower muscle activity and the joint forces. 9 male university students walked forwards and backwards at the three selected speeds, 0.7m/s, 1,3m/s and 2m/s. During these conditions kinetics, kinematics and EMG were recorded. 2 way ANOVA for repeated measure, 1 way ANOVA for repeated measure and paired t tests were calculated with SPSS. From the EMG data there was a difference between the EMG for the soleus during first phase but it was not statistically significant. Whereas for the second phase there were statistically significantly larger EMG activity levels for the backwards walking according to an increase in speed. There was no significant difference in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. As the speed increased the activity for the biceps femoris increased significantly, but there was a significant difference only during the second phase. Also, for the rectus femoris, there was an increase in activity according to the speed, but there were no statistically significant differences. For the lateral gastrocnemius muscle there was a significant difference during the first phase. For the tibialis anterior muscle there was a significant difference during both the first and second phase. There was a significantly higher joint forces recorded at the ankle, knee and hip at event 2. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in the EMG activity recorded for the lower extremities which increased according to the increase in gait speed for both forward and backward walking. It was also found that the joint forces are minimized except for the landing phase during the backward gait.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify effects of virtual reality-based closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise on lower extremity muscle activity in chronic stroke patients Methods : Subjects were assigned randomly either to VR+CKC exercise group (n=15) or the CKC exercise group (n=15). When the study began, both groups received conventional physical therapy five times per week. The VR+CKC exercise group received virtual reality programs and the CKC exercise group received close kinetic chain exercises. Each exercise program was performed for six weeks (5 times per weeks; 20 minutes per time). Participants were measured on lower extremity muscle activity using EMG. Results : There was a significant increase of muscle activity (%RVC) in vastus lateralis and vastus medialis. Conclusion : In this study, the virtual reality-based closed kinetic chain exercise program was an effective exercise for improving lower extremity muscle activity in chronic stroke patients

무릎 과다 폄을 가진 대상자에게 비대칭적 선 자세와 같은 외부적 요소가 추가되게 되면 무릎 관절에 가해지는 체중 지지가 더 증가하게 되며, 무릎 뒤쪽 구조들의 과신장이 유발된다. 이는 무릎 과다 폄 변형을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니 라, 앞 십자인대와 같은 무릎 주변 연부조직의 변형 및 손상을 유발하는 요인이 될 수 있다. 따라서, 비대칭적 선 자세가 무릎 관절의 위치와 하지 근육의 활성도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 33명의 자발적 참여대상자들이 연구에 참여하였으며 총 60개의 다리에 대하여 무릎 과다 폄군, 정상군으로 나누어 하지근육의 근 활성 도 및 무릎 폄 각도를 측정하였다. 비대칭적 선 자세 시, 무릎 관절 폄 각도와 장딴지근의 근 활성도 값은 정상군과 무릎 과다 폄 군 사이의 통계학적 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결과를 토대로 비대칭적인 선 자세가 무릎의 과다 폄을 증가 시키는 요인이 됨을 확인하였다. 따라서, 무릎 정렬에 이상을 가진 대상자들에게는 정상적인 정렬 회복과 함께 대칭적인 선 자세를 유지할 수 있도록 하는 치료적 중재 수립에 도움을 줄 것이며, 추후 엉덩관절과 발목관절의 영향을 포함한 조사연구가 필요하겠다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hyper-extended knee and asymmetric standing posture on knee joint position and lower extremity muscle activity. Thirty-three voluntary participants participated and included sixty legs in the study. The sixty legs were divided into two groups: hyper-extended knee and normal group. The muscle activity and knee extension angle were measured. In the asymmetric standing posture, the knee joint extension angle and the muscle activity of the gastrocnemius were statistically significant between the normal group and the hyper-extended knee group. Based on the results, we confirmed that the asymmetric standing posture increases the hyper-extended knee. Therefore, it will contribute to the establishment of therapeutic guide for the subjects with hyper-extended knee to maintain the symmetrical standing posture, and future studies need to be conducted including the effects of the hip joint and ankle joints.

본 연구는 편평발을 가진 대상자와 정상발을 가진 대상자에 대해서 경사면 위에서 런지 동작을 수행하는 동안 하지의 근활성도 차이 및 무릎 변위에 대하여 알아보고자 수행되었다. 실험은 근전도 측정 장비를 사용하여 경사면 위에서 런지를 수행 하는 동안 안쪽넓은근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근, 엄지벌림근의 근활성도를 측정하였고, 무릎 변위는 Image J 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 경사면 위에서 런지 동작을 수행하는 동안 정상발 그룹과 비교하여 편평발 그룹에서 엄지벌림근의 근활 성도가 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(t=-3.099, p<.05), 앞정강근(t=-2.201, p<.05) 및 장딴지근(t=-2.244, p<.05)에 대한 엄지벌림 근의 선택적인 근육 활성도 비율 또한 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 무릎 변위를 측정한 결과, 경사면 위에서 런지 동작 을 수행하는 동안 정상발 그룹과 편평발 그룹 간 유의한 차이는 없었다(t=-.353, p>.05). 결론적으로, 정상발 그룹과 비교하였을 때 경사면 위에서 런지를 수행하는 동안 편평발 그룹에서 엄지벌림근의 근활성도가 더욱 높았고, 발 외재근들에 대한 발 내재근 들의 선택적인 근활성도가 높게 나타난 결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 편평발을 가진 대상자들에 대해 경사면 위에 서 런지 운동을 수행할 것을 추천할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in muscle activity of lower extremity and knee displacement during lunge on the slope in subjects with normal and flat feet. When performing the lunge exercise on slope, the muscle activity of vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and abductor hallucis was measured using an electromyography and knee displacement was analyzed by using the Image J program. In our result, group of flat feet showed higher abductor hallucis muscle activity than group of flat feet during lunge exercise on the slope(t=-3.099, p<.05). The ratio of selective muscle activity of abductor hallucis to tibialis anterior(t=-2.201, p<.05) and abductor hallucis to gastrocnemius(t=-2.244, p<.05) was higher than group of individuals with normal feet. There was no difference in knee displacement between two groups(t=-.353, p>.05). Based on the results of this study, lunge exercise on the slope can be recommended to people with flat feet to strengthen the abductor hallucis muscle.

Background: This study was to examine the effect of applying leg exercise using visual informations on improving stroke patient's muscle power, balance and gait. Methods: The subjects of this study were hemiplegic patients by stroke, 30 patients were picked up, who were agreed with this research and were having hospital care for 8 weeks at RS, RB and HH medical centers. The study group was 15 and comparison group was 15, totally 30 patients were confirmed. leg exercise using visual informations was applied to study group, leg exercise without visual informations was applied to comparison group. These were proceeded for 8 weeks (5 days a week, 20 minutes a day), change of muscle power, balance and gait was checked to investigate the effect. Electromyography apparatus was used for checking muscle power, K-BBS (Korean version of Berg Balance Scale) and COP (center of pressure) were used for balance, then Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), timed up and go test (TUG) were used for checking the capacity of gait. Results: Vastus lateralis (p=.002), biceps femoris (p=.000), K-BBS (p=.000), COP (p=.007), FGA (p=.002), TUG (p=.009) are significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that visual informations impact change of muscle activity, balance and locomotor ability in stroke patients.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of bridging exercise and combined lifting pattern bridging exercise on the lower extremity muscle activity. Methods : Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following bridging exercises. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system(LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A paired t test was used to determine the influence of muscle activity for each exercise and descriptive statistics was used to characteristics of the subjects. Results : The biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius of combined lifting pattern bridging exercise showed significance excepted vastus medialis(p<.05). In the case of men, biceps femoris showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). In the case of women, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior showed significance in the combined lifting pattern bridging exercise(p<.05). Conclusion : The combined lifting pattern bridging exercise was more increased than bridging in lower extremity muscle activation. This result will be used for knee joint stabilizing exercises and biceps femoris strength training.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the lower extremity muscle activity on bridging exercise according to the knee joint angle. Methods：Twenty-five healthy adults volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects were required to complete following four bridging exercises; knee joint flexion 120°, 90°, 60°, 45°. Surface electromyography from selected lower extremity muscles was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle activity was measured by QEMG-4 system (LXM 3204, Laxtha Korea). A repeated measures of one-way ANOVA was used to determine the influence of bridging exercise on muscle activity for each muscle and descriptive statistics was used to determine muscle ratio. Results：The biceps femoris of all bridging exercises showed significantly(p<.05). The vastus medialis and lateralis of all bridging exercises showed significant excepted 120°(p<.05). The rectus femoris of all bridging exercises showed no significant. Median of vastus medialis/rectus femoris ratio of 120° was 2.03, 90° was 2.16, 60° was 2.67, 45° was 4.10. Median of vastus lateralis/rectus femoris ratio of 120° was 1.70, 90° was 1.70, 60° was 2.08, 45° was 2.58. Median of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis ratio of 120° was 1.26, 90° was 1.50, 60° was 1.52, 45° was 1.47. Conclusion：Angular motion decreasing with knee joint flexion made increase biceps femoris and vastus medialis activation. This result will be use knee joint stabilizing exercises during bridging or unstable surface training and biceps femoris strength training.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise on lower extremity muscle activity and gait ability in stroke patients. Methods: For this study, 30 stroke patients participated in this study and they were divided into WBV exercise group and sham-WBV exercise group, each group in which consisted of 15 patients. WBV group and sham-WBV group was performed by the patients for five times a week, for six weeks. sEMG was used to measure lower extremity muscle activity. Changes in the activities of the muscles, such as the vatus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), bicep femoris (BF), gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle, were analysis. Motion analysis system was used to measure gait ability. Gait ability measured the stride length (SL) and walking velocity (WV). Results: According to the results of the comparisons between the groups, after intervention, lower extremity muscle activity of VL (p＜.01), VM (p＜.01), GCM (p＜.01). SL, WV was significant between the group (p＜.01). Conclusion: This study showed the WBV exercise is effective for improving increase of muscle activity and gait ability in stroke patients.

Purpose: Visual information is one of the most important factors for postural balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual deprivation on the lower extremities and trunk muscle activity on an unstable surface during quiet standing. Methods: Fifteen healthy males from a university population participated in this study. Surface electromyography of the rectus abdominis, the erector spinalis, the vastus femoris oblique, the semitendinosis, the tibialis anterior, and the medial gastrocnemius was measured using EMG equipment (Telemyo 2400, Noraxon, USA). The participants were asked to maintain postural balance on an unstable surface (Balance pad, Airex, USA) for 30 seconds with eyes open and with eyes closed during quiet standing. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the muscle activity of the lower extremities and the trunk between open and closed eyes on an unstable surface. Results: The muscle activity of the trunk and the lower extremities was increased more with eyes closed than with eyes open on the unstable surface during quiet standing. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that visual information could alter lower extremity and trunk muscle activity. Therefore, visual deprivation can be used as a method to improve postural balance.

Background: Flexible flatfoot is a condition in which the medial longitudinal arch collapses under weight-bearing despite appearing normal at rest. This structural change may result in muscle imbalances and impaired foot function. Short foot exercises (SFE) are often used to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles and improve arch stability. Prior studies have demonstrated that combining hip abduction with SFE enhances abductor hallucis activation and supports medial arch correction. However, the effects of different levels of hip abduction resistance on this mechanism remain unclear. Methods: Twelve adults (mean age 27.92 years) with flexible flatfoot participated. Participants performed SFE under four randomized hip abduction resistance conditions (0㎏, 5㎏, 10㎏, 15㎏). The muscle activity of the abductor hallucis (Abd.H), tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), and gluteus medius (G.med) was measured using Noraxon Ultium surface EMG. Each condition was repeated three times with a one-minute rest between contractions and a three-minute rest between conditions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and LSD post-hoc analysis (α=.05). Results: Abductor hallucis showed a statistically significant increase in muscle activation as resistance increased (p<.001), with the largest increase between 0㎏ and 5㎏. No significant differences were observed among the higher resistance levels. Tibialis anterior activity also significantly increased under the 5㎏ and 10㎏ conditions compared to 0㎏ (p=.023, p=.033). The peroneus longus and gluteus medius showed no significant overall differences, although PL approached significance between 0㎏ and 10㎏ (p=.061), and G. med displayed a quadratic trend (p=.030). Conclusion: Hip abduction resistance during SFE significantly enhances abductor hallucis activity in individuals with flexible flatfoot, especially at 5㎏ resistance. This suggests that minimal resistance can effectively promote intrinsic foot muscle activation, offering a targeted intervention strategy for arch support and rehabilitation.

Purpose：The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activity of affected lower extremity by unaffected lower extremity exercise and tried to examine muscle activity of affected lower extremity of hemiplegic patients were caused by stroke according to wearing single strap hemisling or non-wearing. Methods：We measured muscle activity of affected lower extremity when wearing single strap hemisling to affected lower extremity or non-wearing according to unaffected lower extremity used MP 150 Eletromyogram. Results：1) Muscle activity of gluteus medius muscle was the highest D1 before wearing single strap hemisling. 2) Muscle activity of hamstring muscle was the highest D3 after wearing single strap hemisling. 3) Muscle activity of quadriceps muscle was the highest D5 after wearing single strap hemisling. 4) Muscle activity of tibialis anterior muscle was the highest D1 after wearing single strap hemisling. 5) Muscle activity of soleus muscle was the highest D2 before wearing single strap hemisling. Conclusion：Wearing single strap hemisling of hemiplegic patients had effect on muscle activity of gluteus medius but didn't effect gluteus medius, hamstring, quadriceps, tibialis anterior muscle and soleus muscle.

Background: This study examined the correlation between smooth pursuit eye movements and lower limb muscle activity, based on the movement distance of a target moving horizontally. Given the role of ocular motor control in balance and coordination, investigating the influence of smooth pursuit eye movement on lower‐limb muscle activation may inform novel, non‐invasive therapeutic interventions. Methods: Following the approval of Daegu University's Institutional Review Board (1040621-202109-HR-050), the experiment was conducted at D University from July 1 to July 31, 2024, with 33 participants who met the inclusion criteria: no visual or auditory impairments and no other neurological or musculoskeletal disorders. Each participant practiced smooth pursuit eye movement for 30 minutes. The participants wore an eye tracker, focused on an object three meters in front of them, and minimized neck movement by wearing a neck collar. They observed and tracked an object moving horizontally up to five meters to the left and right. For muscle activity in the lower limbs, this study measured the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris muscles. Results: Significant differences in the lower limb muscle activity were observed in the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris at the ranges of 0m vs. 5m and 3m vs. 5m (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that smooth pursuit eye movement may serve as a novel rehabilitation paradigm to enhance lower‐limb muscle activation in patients with neurological disorders such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease. Future studies should explore long‐term effects of repeated eye‐tracking interventions in larger and clinical populations to validate these preliminary results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of opposite lower extremity lateral muscle activation by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise targeting the lower extremities. Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic hemiplegia volunteered to participate in this study. PNF flexion, abduction, and internal rotation patterns; initial, end range, and extension patterns; abduction and internal rotation patterns; and initial and end range patterns were applied to the dominant lower extremity. Activation of lateral muscles (multifidus, gluteus medius, tensor fascia lata, and peroneous longus) of the paralyzed leg was then measured by electromyography (EMG). Results: There were significant differences in lateral muscle activation, depending on the PNF pattern applied, with the differences more significant in flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and end range patterns. Conclusion: PNF flexion, abduction, and internal rotation patterns can improve lateral muscle activation of one leg in the standing position in the gait cycle.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of core and abdominal muscle-strengthening exercises on muscle activity in the lower extremity on unexpected perturbation. Methods: Twenty subjects were randomly divided into the core exercise group (n=10) or the abdominal muscles strengthening group (n=10). The two groups performed their exercises during three sessions a week for a total of four weeks. The muscle activity in the lower muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) was assessed using surface electromyography (EMG) and normalized maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) before and after the exercises. Results: An increase in the tibialis anterior activity after the core and abdominal muscles strengthening exercises was found after four weeks. A significant difference in the pre- and post-exercise was found. The gastrocnemius muscle activity increased in the core exercise group more than the abdominal muscles strengthening group. However, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the core and abdominal muscles strengthening exercises increased the tibialis anterior muscle activity. It is expected to help make more balance ability that affect who has abdominal muscles weakness.