Earticle

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of virtual reality–based biofeedback training on pain and knee function under different support surface conditions in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), and to compare the magnitude of training effects between unstable and stable support surfaces. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with PFPS were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). Both groups received conventional physical therapy in addition to virtual reality–based biofeedback training conducted three times per week for four weeks. The experimental group performed the training on an unstable support surface, whereas the control group trained on a stable support surface. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and knee function was evaluated using the Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (K-WOMAC). Within-group changes were analyzed using the paired t-test, and between-group differences were examined using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline values as covariates. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in VAS and K-WOMAC scores after the intervention (p < 0.01). However, the between-group differences did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for baseline values (VAS: adjusted mean difference = −1.17, 95 % CI: −2.20 to −0.14, p = 0.027; K-WOMAC: adjusted mean difference = −3.68, 95 % CI: −7.25 to −0.10, p = 0.044). Upon application of Bonferroni correction (adjusted α = 0.025), neither comparison reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Virtual reality–based biofeedback training was effective in reducing pain and improving knee function in patients with PFPS. Although no statistically significant between-group differences were identified, the experimental group demonstrated greater improvements in both outcome measures when trained on an unstable support surface. These findings suggest that incorporating unstable surfaces into VR-based biofeedback training may provide additional therapeutic benefits; however, further well-powered studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these effects.

본 연구의 목적은 골연골 재생술을 받은 중년 여성에게 8주간의 무중력 트레드밀을 시행한 후 슬관절 신전근력, 균형, 통증, 그리고 기능을 평가하는데 있다. 연구대상자들은 골연골재생술을 받은 45-65세 중년 여성으로 21명의 대상 자를 실험집단(AGTG, n=10), 그리고 대조집단(CG, n=11)으로 나누어, 8주간 주 2회 60분으로 구성된 프로그램에 참여하였으며, 실험군은 추가적으로 30분간 무중력 트레드밀을 이용한 보행 운동을 시행하였다. 연구의 1차 결과를 위해 등속성 측정장비를 사용해 슬관절 60°굴곡에서 슬관절 신전근의 최대 등척성 수축을 측정하였으며, 추가적으로 균형능 력, 통증, 그리고 슬관절 기능을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 슬관절 신전 근력과 균형 능력, 그리고 슬관절 기능에서 두 집단 모두 중재 후 증가하였고 실험군에 더 큰 효과크기를 확인할 수 있었으며, 상호작용 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 슬관절 통증에 대한 결과는 두 집단 모두 중재 후 개선되었으나, 집단-간 차이와 상호작용 효과를 확인할 수 없었다. 결론 적으로, 골연골 재생술을 받은 중년 여성의 재활 프로그램과 함께 8주간의 무중력 트레드밀의 적용은 슬관절 신전근력, 균형, 그리고 기능에 효과적인 것을 본 연구를 통해 증명하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee extensor strength, balance, pain, and function after performing a Anti-gravity treadmill(AGT) for 8 weeks in middle-aged women who underwent osteochondral repair. The study participants were middle-aged women aged 45-65 who underwent osteochondral repair. Participants were divided into an experimental group (AGTG, n=10) and a control group (CG, n=11), and participated in a program consisting of 60 minutes twice a week for 8 weeks. The AGTG additionally performed a walking exercise using a AGT for 30 minutes. For the primary outcome of the study, the maximal isometric contraction of the knee extensor was measured at 60° flexion of the knee joint using an isokinetic dynamometer, and balance ability, pain, and function were additionally evaluated. The results of this study showed that knee extensor strength, balance, and function increased after intervention in both groups, and a larger effect size was confirmed in the AGTG, and the interaction effect was confirmed. Results for knee joint pain improved after the intervention in both groups, but no between group and interaction effects could be confirmed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the application of a AGT for 8 weeks along with a rehabilitation program for middle-aged women who underwent osteochondral repair was effective on knee extensor strength, balance, and function.

본 연구의 목적은 전기근육자극을 적용한 무릎 폄 저항운동 시 넙다리곧은근의 두께 변화에 미치는 즉각적 효과 를 알아보고자 하였다. 20명의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 유사실험 단일집단 검사전-검사후 설계로 진행하였다. 대상자 의 양쪽 넙다리 폄의 1RM을 탄력밴드를 이용해 간접적으로 측정하고, 탄력밴드를 이용한 무릎 폄 저항운동은 오른쪽 다리에 고강도(1RM의 80%)로, 왼쪽 다리에는 저강도(1RM의 50%로 전기근육자극을 같이 적용)로 5세트를 적용하였 다. 근육 두께 측정은 초음파로 운동 전후에 넙다리곧은근(1/2 부위, 1/4 부위)에 측정하였다. 사전 테스트와 사후 테스 트 사이에 전기근육자극을 적용한 탄력밴드 저강도 운동에 넙다리곧은근 두께가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p<.05). 본 연구의 결과는 전기근육자극을 결합한 탄력밴드 저강도 저항운동이 넙다리곧은근 두께를 증가시키는 데 즉각적인 효과가 있었다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로 고강도 저항운동을 할 수 없는 노령층에 전기근육자극을 적용한 저강도 저항운동을 접목하는 중재 방법의 효과에 대한 검증과 다양한 신체 부위별 운동프로그램 개발도 필요하다 여겨 진다.

The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of EMS (electrical muscle stimulation) on rectus femoris thickness during resisted knee extension exercise in healthy adults. This experiment was conducted on 20 healthy adults as pretest-posttest nonequivalent one group design. The subject's 1RM of both knee extension was measured indirectly using an elastic band, and the knee extension resistance exercise using an elastic band was applied to high intensity (80% of 1RM) on the right leg and low intensity (50% of 1RM with EMS) on the left leg, which were applied with 5 sets. Muscle measurements were performed on the rectus femoris (1/2 site, 1/4 site) using ultrasonography before and after exercise. There was a statistically significant difference on the thickness of the rectus femoris in low intensity exercise of the elastic band applied with EMS between pre-test and post-test (p<.05). The results of this study showed that elastic band low intensity exercise combined with EMS had an immediate effective in increasing the thickness of rectus femoris. Based on this result, it is also necessary to verify the effectiveness of intervention methods incorporating low-intensity resistance exercises applying EMS to elderly who cannot exercise high-intensity resistance training in the future, and to develop exercise programs for various body parts.

Objective To identify the potential predictors of ambulatory function in subacute stroke patients, and to determine the contributing factors according to gait severity. Methods Fifty-three subacute stroke patents were enrolled. Ambulatory function was assessed by gait speed and endurance. Balance function was evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale score (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The isometric muscular strengths of bilateral knee extensors and flexors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Cardiovascular fitness was evaluated using an expired gas analyzer. Participants were assigned into the household ambulator group (<0.4 m/s) or the community ambulator group (≥0.4 m/s) based on gait severity.Results In the linear regression analyses of all patients, paretic knee isometric extensor strength (p=0.007) and BBS (p<0.001) were independent predictors of gait endurance (R2=0.668). TUG (p<0.001) and BBS (p=0.037) were independent predictors of gait speed (R2=0.671). Paretic isometric extensor strength was a predictor of gait endurance (R2=0.340, p=0.008). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R2=0.404, p<0.001) in the household ambulator group, whereas BBS was a predictive factor of gait endurance (R2=0.598, p= 0.008) and speed (R2=0.713, p=0.006). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R2=0.713, p=0.004) in the community ambulator group.Conclusion Our results reveal that balance function and knee extensor isometric strength were strong predictors of ambulatory function in subacute stroke patients. However, they work differently according to gait severity. Therefore, a comprehensive functional assessment and a different therapeutic approach should be provided depending on gait severity in subacute stroke patients.

The purpose of this study is to investigate that effect of action observa-tion training (AOT) on knee joint function and balance in total knee re-placement (TKR) patients. The subjects consisted of eighteen post-TKR patients. All participants underwent conventional physical therapy. In addition, patients in the AOT group (n=9) were asked to observe video clips showing daily actions and to imitate them afterward. Patients in the control group (n=9) were asked to execute the same actions as pa-tients in the AOT group. Outcome measures Western Ontario and Mc-Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) included pain, stiff-ness, function and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. After intervention, pa-tients in the AOT group score better than patients in the control group. After TUG test, patients in the AOT group and control group were no significant difference between two groups. In addition to conventional physical therapy, AOT is effective in the rehabilitation of post-TKR pa-tients. Action observation training is considered conducive to improving knee functions and ameliorating pain and stiffness, of patients who un-derwent TKR.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, cardiorespiratory fitness, knee isokinetic function, and os-teoarthritis index inpatients with knee osteoarthritis women. Subjects were divided into the exercise group (n=9, aged 60.89±5.06), and the control groups (n=8, aged 61.25±1.91). Aquatic exercise was performed for 12 weeks, 3 times a week, 60 min a day. The changes of metabolic syndrome risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, knee isokinetic func-tion, and WOMAC index (Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index) were measured and analyzed at pre- and postex-ercise program for verifying exercise effectiveness. As a result, fasting blood glucose (P<0.05), glycosylated hemoglobin (P<0.01), and tri-glyceride (P<0.05) were significantly decreased in the risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The maximum oxygen uptake in cardiorespiratory fitness was not significantly different. The left and right extensor mus-cles of knee isokinetic function increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in flexor muscles. Os-teoarthritis index was significantly improved in stiffness (P<0.01) and physical function (P<0.05). In conclusion, aquatic exercise can be re-garded as an effective exercise program for managing metabolic syn-drome risk factors, increasing muscle function, and improving osteoar-thritis index in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.

This study was conducted on Korean male high school soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to identify the effects of an accelerated rehabilitation exercise (ARE) pro-gram on knee joint isometric strength, thigh circumference, Lysholm score, and active balance agility. We assigned eight test participants each to a physical therapy group (PTG) and an accelerated rehabilita-tion exercise group (AREG), and compared differences between the groups. Both the PTG and AREG showed significant increases in 30° away and 60° toward isometric strength after treatment. In addition, significant differences were observed in these strength tests between the two groups. Both groups also showed significant increases in thigh circumference, Lysholm score, and active balance agility after treat-ment, but no significant differences were observed between the two groups. We conclude that the ARE treatment was more effective for im-proving isometric strength of the knee joint than that of physical thera-py, and that an active rehabilitation exercise program after ACLR had positive effects on recovery performance of patients with an ACL injury and their return to the playing field.

선행 연구에서 동적 스트레칭(DS)과 자체 이동(SM)의 효과를 조사했지만, 두 가지 개입을 비교하는 연구는 드물다. 따라 서 본 연구의 목적은 DS와 SM이 발목강도, 등굴신운동범위(DFROM), 균형에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 어느 것이 우수한지를 판단하는데 있다. 32명의 건강한 젊은 성인들이 이 연구에 참여했으며ㅡ 참가자들은 무작위로 두 그룹(SM과 DS)에 할당되었다. DS는 내측 위저근육의 스트레칭을 목적으로 수행하였다. SM 그룹의 경우 발목 관절 SM을 3가지 방법으로 수행하였다. 모든 참가자를 대상으로, 다음과 같은 측정을 사전 및 사후 테스트로 수행하였다: 배면플렉서 및 플랜터플렉서의 등각 강도, DFROM 을 평가하기 위한 가중치 부여 런지테스트(WBLT), 정적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 Tetrax 시스템, 동적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 YBT(Ybalance Test). SM군 개입 전후의 발목 등굴근 강도, WBLT, YBT, 체중분포지수(WDI)(베개와 뜬눈, PO), 안정성지수 (ST)(정상눈과 감은눈, NC)에서 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). DS군에서는 발목등굴근 및 족저굴근강도, WBLT, YBT전 방, WDI(정상 및 뜬눈; NO, PO) 및 ST(NO, NC, PO, 베개 및 닫힌눈)에서 개입 전후에 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). 발목 족저 굴곡 강도와 WDI(PO)는 그룹별로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 발목관절 기능향상을 위한 변수 (DFROM, 근력, 균형)에 따라 DS 또는 SM을 선택적으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 고려할 수 있다.

Several studies have investigated the effects of dynamic stretching (DS) and self-mobilization (SM), however, studies comparing the two interventions are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DS and SM on ankle strength, dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), and balance to determine which is superior. Thirty-two healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (SM and DS). DS was performed for the purpose of stretching the medial gastrocnemius muscle. For the SM group, ankle joint SM was performed in three ways. For all participants, the following measurements were performed as pre- and post-tests: isometric strength of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) to evaluate DFROM, Tetrax system to evaluate static balance, and y balance test (YBT) to evaluate dynamic balance. Significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor strength, WBLT, YBT, weight distribution index (WDI) (pillow and opened eyes; PO), and stability index (ST) (normal and closed eyes; NC) before and after intervention in the SM group (p<.05). In the DS group, significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength, WBLT, YBT anterior, WDI (normal and opened eyes; NO, PO), and ST (NO, NC, PO, pillow and closed eyes) before and after the intervention (p<.05). Ankle plantar flexor strength and WDI (PO) were significantly different between groups. Based on the results of this study, DS or SM can be considered as a possibility for selective use according to variables for improving ankle joint function (DFROM, muscle strength, balance).

Purpose: Lifestyle intervention (LSI) provides basic recommendations that improve the quality of life and health of patients with minor disabilities. The LSI intervention strategies are associated with active living, healthy weight, healthy eating, and emotional stability. These intervention strategies can change an unhealthy lifestyle to a healthy lifestyle and provide important health care information. Main issue: This study focused on a new LSI-based knee rehabilitation protocol and proved the effect of exercise prescription on the knee. The clinical significance of this study demonstrated that continuous rehabilitation, effective rehabilitation, and recurrence prevention can be achieved by prescribing the appropriate exercise for patients after discharge. Therefore, practical lifestyle medicine knowledge and information are provided by the home-based rehabilitation self-exercise program with the new LSI-based knee rehabilitation protocol. Conclusions: The LSI-based protocol can improve and maintain health conditions and knee function. With the aim of improving self-care abilities, this program is expected to make significant contributions recurrence prevention, reduced mortality, and improved quality of life, physical function, and fitness.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage; the main symptom of OA is pain, and in addition, stiffness, edema, and movement disorders occur. The prevalence of OA is increasing worldwide, and it is estimated that 9.6% of men and 18.0% of women over 60 years of age suffer from OA. It is also expected to continue to increase due to aging and weight gain. The extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive treatment that penetrates tissues with high-amplitude sound waves generated by high-voltage condenser spark discharges, producing several beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, pain relief, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, etc. This literature review was conducted to provide more specific clinical evidence for application of ESWT for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) recovery by investigating various ESWT protocols and outcome measures. The databases of PubMed, PEDro, Google Scholar and Cochrane were searched using combinations of the following terms: osteoarthritis AND extracorporeal shockwave therapy. 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were included in this literature review and extracted data included sample size, sample characteristics, ESWT protocol, control treatment and outcome measurement. This literature review suggests that ESWT is beneficial in improving pain and function in patients with KOA.

The isokinetic interactive line protocol (ILP) appears to enhance neuro-muscular function and may reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety. However, the reliability of the protocol has not been investigated, nor has it been analyzed in relation to psychological states. A total of 165 participants took part in this study, with ages ranging from 21 to 24 years. The gender distribution was 68.4% male and 31.6% female. There was no significant difference in injury duration between males and females (z=-0.922, P=0.357). The intrarater reliability of the ILP, as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was high for both concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps (ranging from 0.891 to 0.980). Likewise, the interrater reliability for these contractions was also high (range, 0.873–0.943). Additionally, during the ILP, there was a significant reduction in posttraumatic stress (t=9.795, P<0.001) and anxiety (t=5.965, P<0.001) related to knee reinjury after 2 weeks. Ultimately, the isokinetic game ILP demonstrates high intra- and interrater reliabilities and can be concluded to effectively reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety when incorporated into retesting.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term of Theracurmin dose and exercise type on pain, walking ability, and muscle function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Twenty-five patients with knee osteoarthritis randomly selected to Theracurmin intake (T) group and Theracurmin in combined with exercise (T+E) group. T group (n= 13) was taken orally a capsule of 700 mg, 3 times per day, (total 2,100 mg, 35 mg/kg-body weight). T+E group (n= 12) performed aerobic training of 30-min walking and weight training for increasing leg muscular strength. After treatment, the number of steps, muscle mass, range of motion of knee, and the muscle strength in flexion and extension significantly increased. The percent body fat, visual analogue scale, The Western Ontario and McMaster score, centers of pressure with closed eye, 10-m walking ability, stair ascending speed were significantly decreased after treatment. Although no difference observed between the T and T+E groups, the 4-week intake of Theracurmin with and without exercise appeared to be effective in reducing the pain and enhancing muscular and balancing function. Therefore, Theracurmin intake for early symptoms and additional exercise as symptoms alleviate might be an effective way of delaying and managing osteoarthritis, and additional studies investigating the effects of Theracurmin and exercise on osteoarthritis could be beneficial.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease caused tearing and progressive wear of articular cartilage, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is recommended to patients with OA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilita-tion (PNF) and both sides up ball (BOSU) exercises on pain, range of motion (ROM), and muscle function in patients following TKA. Ten par-ticipants who have limitation of the knee joint from TKA were divided into two groups: the continuous passive motion (CPM)+PNF exercise group (n=5) and the CPM+BOUS exercise group (n=5). Exercise reha-bilitation program consisted of PNF and BOSU exercises, and both ex-ercises were performed twice a day for 2 weeks. To examine effect of exercise rehabilitation, visual analogue scale (VAS), sit and reach flexi-bility, knee ROM, and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were measured be-fore and after exercise intervention. A two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to confirm the main effect. If there was a significant interaction effect, an independent t-test between groups or a paired t-test between times was applied. VAS, sit and reach flexibility, knee ROM and TUG did not show interaction between the PNF and BOSU exercise groups, but all measured variables showed significant differ-ences over time. Present findings provide information that PNF and BOSU exercise rehabilitation after TKA might be an important part of ensuring successful surgical outcomes as they have a positive impact on reducing pain, increasing ROM, improving muscle strength, and en-hancing daily life movements.

This study aimed to compare the effects of trampoline exercise with those of balance pad exercise on balance, gait, and knee joint function in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Twenty elderly women with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a trampoline exercise group (n=10) and a balance pad exercise group (n=10). Both groups performed their group-specific exercise thrice a week for six weeks. Data were obtained for the two groups with the one-leg stance test (OLST), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and all variables (pain, physical function, stiffness, and total) of the Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC) conducted before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test to compare changes in the variables after exercise for each group. An independent t-test was used for comparison between the groups. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in OLST, TUG, 10MWT, and all variables of the K-WOMACK after exercise. There were statistically significant differences between the trampoline and balance pad exercise groups in stiffness and total variables of the K-WOMACK. There were no statistically significant differences between the trampoline and balance pad exercise groups in OLST, TUG, 10MWT, and pain and physical function variables of the K-WOMACK. The results indicate that trampoline and balance pad exercises are effective in promoting balance, gait, and knee joint function in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. In particular, trampoline exercise was more effective than balance pad exercise for knee joint function.

본 연구는 농구선수의 성별에 따른 등속성 무릎관절 근기능에 대한 차이를 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 고등학교 농구 선수 총 23명(남자: 11명, 여자: 12명)을 대상으로 Biodex를 이용하여 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ/sec 각속도에 서 무릎관절 굴곡근과 신전근에 대한 등속성 근기능을 측정하였으며, 최대근력, 체중당 최대근력, 평균 근파워, HQ ratio 에 대해 집단내 좌·우측 및 성별에 대한 차이를 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ/sec 등속성 근기 능에서 남녀 모두 좌우측에 대한 차이는 없었지만, 여자 선수는 남자 선수에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ /sec의 HQ ratio는 남녀 모두 좌우측에 대한 차이는 없었지만 좌측의 경우 여자 선수는 남자 선수에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 여자 농구 선수의 근기능 상태가 남자 농구 선수에 비해 매우 부족할 뿐만 아니라 HQ ratio가 낮다는 것을 의미한 다. 따라서 여자 농구 선수들의 상해예방 및 경기력 향상을 위해서는 무릎관절의 근력 및 근파워 트레이닝을 통한 하지 근력의 강화가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 특히 무릎관절 굴곡근 강화에 대한 트레이닝 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference in the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint in high school basketball players. Twenty-three high school basketball players (11 males and 12 females) participated in this study. The knee flexion and extension were measured at 60 degrees/sec and 90 degrees/sec angular velocity using Biodex for the evaluation of isokinetic muscle function, and the difference between the two lower limbs for maximum muscle strength, maximum muscle power per body weight, average muscle power, and HQ ratio were analyzed. As a result of the study, there was no significant difference in the left and right measurement values for both men and women in the isokinetic muscle function of 60 degrees/sec and 90 degrees/sec, but the results of female athletes were significantly lower than male athletes. The HQ ratios of 60ﾟ/sec and 90ﾟ/sec did not differ from both men and women, but the values of left legs in female athletes was significantly lower than those of male athletes. Thus, the lower isokinetic muscle function and HQ ratio of female basketball players indicate an insufficient isokinetic muscle function ability comparted to men players. Therefore, in order to prevent injury and improve performance of female basketball players, it is necessary to strengthen the lower extremity muscle strength through muscle strength and muscle power training of the knee joint, and in particular, it is recommended that a training program for strengthening knee joint flexion should be prepared.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Foot Orthotics on muscular function of knee and lumbar during exercise rehabilitation in adolescent boys. 25 subjects were divided in to control(n=8), exercise(n=8) and exercise included Foot Orthotics(n=9) groups. The exercise and exercise included Foot Orthotics groups were pes planus or pes cavus and/or inversion/eversion(≥±2°) of calcaneus. There were two test periods; pre & after 12wks. In both tests, isokinetic peak torque, mean power and total work were measured using by biodex 3.10 system. At the results, peak torque, mean power and total work in extension of knee joint had a significant difference between pre and after 12wks in two group (exercise group, exercise + orthotics group). Also mean power in extension of lumbar had a significant difference between pre and after 12wks in exercise group. In conclusion, these results mean that Foot Orthotics in exercise rehabilitation have effects on growth of muscular function. Therefore, when abnormal foot arch and calcaneus angle was corrected by Foot Orthotics during exercise rehabilitation, these would carry out beneficial effects for lower limb muscle on activity.

본 연구는 탄소 면상발열체를 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자에게 적용하여 통증과 기능정도를 알아보는 목적으로 시행되었다. 연구 대상자는 2010년 7월부터 2010년 9월 까지 C지역에 세 기관에서 총 45명을 대상으로 실험하였다. 대조군(n=15, 여성노인, 무처치)과 기존 세라믹 원적외선군(n=15, 여성노인, 원적외선 적용), 탄소 면상발열체군(n=15, 여성노인, 탄소면상발열체 적용)로 분류하고 치료는 1주에 3회, 3주씩 총 9회 30분씩 원적외선을 양 무릎에 적용하 였다. 평가는 실험 전, 실험 후, 3주 후에 측정하였다. 처치후 VAS, PPT, K-WOMAC으로 평가하였다. 연구 결과를 통해 탄소 면상발열체를 사용한 원적외선 온열치료가 퇴행성 슬관절염의 통증감소와 기능향상 효과를 보인바 향후 임상에서 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자에게 치료방법의 하나로 사용 될 것으로 생각된다.

This study was to investigate the effects of pain control and improvement function to far infrared ray of carbon surface heating element applied on elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects for this study were forty-five subjects with osteoarthritis, who were divided convenice sampling into 3 groups, control(15 female, no intervention), ceramic far infrared ray(15 female, applied ceramic far infrared rays) and carbon surface-heating(15 female, applied carbon surface-heating) after treatment measuring VAS, PPT and K-WOMAC. These results represent decreased pain and improved function by applied carbon surface heating element and ceramic far infrared ray on osteoarthritis knee. Therefore, carbon surface heating element will be a good treatment for osteoarthritis.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of balance ability in elderly women by the knee joint training. Thirty two elderly women aged 65 to 80 had been participated in this study. AII the patient were treated 3 times session weekly for 5 weeks. The participants were divided randomly as group 1 (n = 8) , group 11 (n = 8), group 111 (n = 8), and group IV(n = 8). In group of participants were non treatment. In group 11 of participants were exercised only QSE(Quadriceps Setting Exercise). In group 111 of participants were exercised using Thera band. In group IV of participants were exercised both QSE and using Thera band. For 5 weeks , three(group 11 , 111 , IV) exercise group took the training an hour in each 3days of a week and we raised the intensity of exercise of three groups following two weeks from the start. We compared the group 1 with the other groups. The results obtained are as followings First, Experimental group 11 , 111 , IV were showed significant difference, especially experimental group IV was only showed greatest significant difference in comparision with group 1 in change of quadriceps strength , pressure pain threshold , one leg stance test, timed up and go test, WOMAC according to 5 weeks(P< .001). In conclusion this study showed that group IV compared to group I had significantly change than group 11 and group 111 compared to group 1 in all test. Therefore, this study revealed that quadriceps intensive training has the affirmative ifluence on function of knee joint in elderly adults.

The study has been to 16 handball university males who performed maximum isokinetic tests of knee joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 4 weeks of sport rehabilitation tape method was able to improve peak torque, peak torque body weight ratio, average power, total work at 60 degree /sec and 180 degree/sec from isokinetic test with Biodex3. The results were as follows: First, there was significant difference at knee flexion in peak torque and total work angular velocity 60 degree /sec(p<.05). There was significant difference at knee extension in average power angular velocity 60 degree /sec(p<.05). Second, in the 180 degree/sec there was no significant differences in values of peak torque, peak torque body weight ratio, average power and total work both for flexion and extension. This results suggest that sport rehabilitation tape method on knee joint can increase the improvement of the torque function. sport rehabilitation tape method was recommended as a useful aid in an athletic contest and develop physical strength of the lower part of the body.