Earticle

This paper conducted a study on the operation plan of the packaging system to enhance the logistics efficiency between the manufacturer and the distributor, whose prior research in the relevant field was insignificant. By identifying problems and improvements in the operation of the packaging system between domestic manufacturers and distributors through the Retail Ready Packaging. The institutional aspects were investigated to confirm that the mediation role of government and social organizations was required to resolve issues (χ2 = 148.916, p < 0.001), and that guidelines that gathered diverse opinions for the rational operation of the packaging system were essential, while institutional aspects are needed to be supplemented to be willing to improve logistics efficiency (χ2 = 95.781, p < 0.001). In this study, even though the difference in perception between manufacturers and distributors is clear and the issue related to the operation of the packaging system is ongoing, if there is no effort to grasp the issue, the opinions between manufacturers and distributors will be left at odds and could become a social problem. Unnecessary interference from government and social organizations should be excluded, but the level of mediation to support win-win management in order to promote logistics standardization and reduce CO2 and national logistics costs can be explained as a catalyst for improving logistics efficiency through reasonable operation of the packaging system.

공감각적인 마케팅 커뮤니케이션과 함께 새로운 브랜드 접점의 기회를 제공한다는 측면에서 극장광고에 대한 산업계의 관심이 고조되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 여론과 언론에 비추어진 극장광고는 법제도적, 윤리적, 도덕적 차원에서 여러 가지 문제점과 비판의 목소리에 직면하고 있다. 특히, 극장광고가 규모의 경제를 갖추고 광고문화의 현저한 영역으로 자리매김하고 있는 것과는 달리 소비자 사회화(consumer socialization), 소비자 주권(consumer sovereignty), 그리고 광고윤리(advertising ethics) 차원에서는 규제의 사각지대로서 제도적 개입이 필요하다는 요구가 나타나고 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 기존 선행연구에서 극장광고의 커뮤니케이션 효과 검증에 국한되었던 미시적 논의에서 벗어나, 극장광고에 대한 제도적 역할과 사회적 요구를 알아보고자, 극장광고 메시지의 수용자이자 극장광고 산업의 이해관계자인 영화관람객을 대상으로 질적 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 통해 소비자 문화 속에서 공존하고 번영할 수 있는 극장광고의 법제도적 역할과 사회문화적 가치를 논의하였으며, OOH(out-of-home) 광고매체로서의 경쟁력과 매력도를 보다 강화할 수 있는 전략적 시사점을 도출하였다.

Due to highly fragmented audiences along with intensified competition for optimal media options, marketers are finding it increasingly difficult to reach key target consumers and achieve effectiveness for ad campaigns. Consumers are also avoiding traditional promotional messages through digital technologies designed to thwart marketers. Taken together, these trends reflect the challenges marketers face in today’s marketplace and, as a result, marketers are looking to innovative media such as cinema advertising. Given the unique nature and practice of cinema advertising, this study is to explore how consumers perceive and view cinema advertising in contemporary consumer culture. and develop a in-depth understanding of the institutional role of cinema advertising in light of consumer sovereignty and advertising ethics on a basis of the model for understanding the existing literature of advertising and public policy presented by Rotfeld and Stafford (2007). The findings of 16 in-depth interviews depict the basic concerns of cinema advertising as communication impact, consumer socialization, economic equity, vulnerable consumer, escapism, attitude toward theatre owner and advertiser, secular consumerism, and skepticism from a consumer perspective. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for out-of-home advertising management and for public policy related to consumer welfare.

본 연구는 기존의 복지국가 논의에서 다루어진 돌봄의 개념이 제한적이며, 무엇보다 돌봄이 사람들의 가치와 인식을 반영하는 문화적인 개념이라는 사실을 고려하지 못하였다는 것을 비판한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 아동 돌봄의 비공식 측면과 문화적 측면의 중요성을 강조하며, 돌봄의 제도적-문화적 측면으로 유형화를 시도하였다. 유형화 결과 13개 국가들은 3개의 유형(사회적 돌봄 유형, 모성지원 돌봄 유형, 돌봄의 가족 책임 유형)으로 분류되었다. 세 가지 유형 분석을 통해 본 연구는 돌봄의 제도와 문화적 차이가 여성의 고용률에 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 살펴보았다. 세 가지 유형을 통해 돌봄의 정책적 차이뿐 아니라 돌봄에 대한 인식의 차이도 살펴볼 수 있었다. 즉, 돌봄 정책과 돌봄 인식의 차이로 인해 복지국가의 돌봄 구조의 다양성과 여성고용형태의 다양성을 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 그리고 이는 현재 한국의 아동 돌봄 정책에 시사하는 정책적 의미를 갖는데 궁극적인 목표를 가지고 있다.

Care is now a widely-used concept in welfare state research. But its use is also very selective. What this study points out as limits of existing studies consists roughly of two kinds. First, The family is still an important provider of care but many studies have only focused on formal care. Second, They have not been concerned enough about cultural aspect of care. This study compares and categorizes care strategies for children in 13 OECD countries whlie also taking into account the cultural dimension and intitutional dimension of care. 13 OECD countries can be classified into 3 clusters as a result of typology(social care type, motherhood supporting care type, and family responsible care type). This research was able to find two results. First, by including informal care and cultural dimension of care in the categorization framework, it expands the scope of discussion on care. Second, by considering cultural aspect of care, it has tried to examine and interpret various care types and their effects.

이 논문은 최근 경제학 교육에 소설이라는 매체를 활용하려는 시도에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 우리는 최근 출간된 경제학 소설들을 행위주의 및 제도주의라는 시각에서 검토하였다. 이를 통해 우리는 인간 행동의 합리성 가정, 보이지 않는 손의 정리, 정부 실패, 교역으로부터의 이득, 시장 경제 작동의 전제 조건들이라는 주제들을 비판적으로 논의하였다.

This paper is intended to review some economics novel which economists write for teaching the subject. By reference to behavioral and institutional approaches we critically examine several topics of economics such as rationality hypothesis, invisible hand theorem, government failure, gains from trade, and prerequisites of market functioning

2008년 글로벌 금융위기이후 경제학은 새로운 도전에 직면해 있으며 기존 신고전학파적 경제이론에 대한 취약점을 보완해야 하는 과제를 안고 있다. 이점에서 미국에서 출발한 제도주의 경제학을 재조명해보는 것은 경제학 발전을 위해 의미 있는 일이다. 인간의 합리성과 ceteris paribus 가정, 한계개념, 최적화 및 균형이론 등에 입각한 현대주류경제학은 자유경쟁 중심의 가치관에 입각한 자본주의 경제사회가 복잡하고 다양하며 우연성이 돌출하는 예측불허의 변화를 경험함에 따라 현대경제학을 대체할 뚜렷한 대안이 존재할 수는 없지만 다양한 분석시각을 포용하는 것은 경제학의 발전을 위해 필요하다. 다윈의 진화론 개념에 기반하고 Veblen이 경제학은 진화론적 과학이 되어야 한다는 점을 수용하여 진화론적 경제학이라고도 불리는 제도주의 경제학은 제도, 진화, 문화, 도구적 가치판단의 핵심개념에 입각하여 기본 주장을 도출함으로써 주류경제학과는 전혀 다른 대안적 경제이론을 전개시키고 있다. 경제학은 문화적인 접근방식을 취해야하며, 경제를 역사적(historical) 동태적(dynamic) 관점에서 총체론적(holistic)으로 접근해야하고, 경제과정은 어떤 최종적이고 필연적인 목표도 없이 끊임없이 변화되어 나간다고 본다. 기술이 제도를 포함한 경제 및 사회구조변화에 있어서 매우 중요한 변수이며 진화론적 사회변화의 원동력으로 본다. 그리고 가치판단은 경제과정에서 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으므로 가치판단의 역할을 경시하지 말아야 한다고 주장한다. 그렇지만 제도주의 경제학은 경제문제를 다른 시각에서 지적할 뿐 구체적인 해결책 제시나 예측능력은 미흡한 점이 있다. 그리고 논리성과 과학적 설명이 부족하며 경제모형과 계량경제학적(econometrics) 기법의 유용성을 경시함으로써 경제적 분석의 정교성이 결여되어 있는 한계점이 있다. 그렇지만 제도주의 경제학이 가진 여러 가지 한계점에도 불구하고 현대주류경제학이 안고 있는 미비점을 보완하는데 일정한 시사점을 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

After the global financial crisis in 2008, economics is faced with a new challenge and the task to make up for weak points in existing neoclassical theory. In this regard it is significant for economists to review institutional economics that sprouted from America. A definite alternative to replace contemporary mainstream economics- based on economic rationality and ceteris paribus assumption, marginal concept, optimization and equilibrium theory-does not exist in this complex and diverse capital economy based on free competition experiencing unexpected changes; but it is necessary for the development of economics to embrace diverse view points. Institutional economics-also called as evolutionary economics regarding its basis on Darwin’s evolutionary theory and Veblen’s point that economics should be an evolutionary science-develops a completely different alternative economic theory to mainstream economics, drawing basic propositions based on key concepts of institution, evolution, culture, and instrumental value judgment. Institutional economics takes cultural approach and holistic approach in historical dynamic viewpoint; it views the economic process to continue without any final or inevitable destination. Technology is regarded as a highly important variable in institution, economy and structural change of society, being a driving force of evolutionary social change. Moreover institutional economists argue the importance of the role of value judgment as it continues to be made in economic process. Although institutional economics points out economic problems in a different perspective, it has its weakness in providing a solution or prediction. Logic and scientific explanation is not sufficient enough; by putting less emphasis on econometrics, institutional economics lacks sophistication in economic analysis. Despite its limits, institutional economics provides a certain amount of implications in supplementing imperfections of contemporary economics.

미디어 환경의 변화 등에 따라 지역방송에 대한 지원방안이 요구되고 있다. 지역방송의 발전을 위한 법적ㆍ 제도적 측면에서 지역방송발전지원특별법의 시행은 새로운 계기가 되었다. 이러한 측면에서 지역방송발전지원특별법 에 대한 성과와 한계를 분석하였다. 연구방법은 문헌연구를 통하여 연구문헌과 관련 법령들을 분석하여 지역방송발 전을 위한 법적ㆍ제도적 지원방안을 모색하였다. 분석결과 지역방송발전위원회가 실질적인 의결기능과 책임을 가지 는 방향으로 법적ㆍ제도적 권한강화 방안이 모색되어져야 하며, 운용기금에 대한 독자성을 확보하는 문제와 지역방 송발전계획에서 지역방송프로그램 제작 능력과 유통구조를 촉진하는 방안이 모색되고, 지역성을 평가하는 지역성지 수에 대한 보다 정교한 방안이 필요하다. 지역방송은 공익성과 공공성, 지역성과 다양성을 확보하는 방향으로 발전되 어야 하며 이를 지원하는 제도적ㆍ정책적 방안이 모색되어져야 한다.

According to the change in media environment, a support plan for local broadcast has been required. In terms of legal and institutional support for the development of local broadcast, the enactment of special Act for local broadcast has become a breakthrough. In this point of view, we analyzed the performance and the limitation of the special Act. As a literature research, analyzing the literature and related-ordinances, we have sought legal and institutional support plans for the local broadcast. As a result, with the Local Broadcast Development Council being in charge of legislative right and responsibility, a plan to empower them to have legal and institutional authority should be drawn; another plan to secure independence in operating a fund and to promote the capability to produce local broadcast programs and the distribution system should be drawn; the other elaborate plan for the locality index that assesses the locality is required. Local broadcast should be on a way to secure not only public interest and concern but locality and diversity; legal and institutional plans should be sought.

본 연구는 교통사고 발생이 지속적으로 감소하고 있음에도 불구하고, 고령자 및 야 간 보행자 사고 증가, 사고 조사 전문성 부족, 처리 절차의 복잡성과 비효율성 등으로 인해 국민 체감 안전도는 여전히 낮다는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 이에 따라 미국과 유럽의 교통사고 처리 절차 및 인공지능(AI) 기술 활용 사례를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으 로 한국적 상황에 적용 가능한 교통사고 대응 체계의 고도화 방안을 모색하였다. 연구 결과, AI 기반의 교통사고 조사 지원 시스템은 사고 발생 감지, 원인 분석, 사고 시뮬레 이션 및 법적 책임 판단까지 아우르는 전 과정에서 대응의 신속성과 정확성을 제고할 수 있는 핵심 수단으로 확인되었다. 또한, 사고 다발 지역의 예측과 맞춤형 안전 정책 수립에도 실질적인 기여가 가능함을 보여주었다. 다만, 본 연구는 주로 이론적 검토와 해외 사례 중심으로 구성되어 있어 국내 적용을 위한 실증적 평가와 기술적·제도적 한 계에 대한 심층적분석이 요구된다. 향후 연구에서는 AI 기반 조사 시스템의현장 적용성, 법적 신뢰성, 데이터 보호 이슈, 취약계층 중심의 대응 전략 등을 보다 구체적으로 다룰 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 교통사고 대응 체계의 디지털 전환과 국민 체감형 교통안 전 정책 실현을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다

This study begins with the recognition that, despite the continued decline in overall traffic accidents, public perceptions of safety remain low due to the rising number of accidents involving elderly individuals and nighttime pedestrians, the lack of expertise in accident investigations, and the complexity and inefficiency of current handling procedures. In response, the study analyzes traffic accident handling procedures and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the United States and Europe to explore advanced traffic accident response systems that can be applied in the Korean context. The findings indicate that AI-based traffic accident investigation support systems play a crucial role in enhancing the speed and accuracy of the entire response process— from incident detection and cause analysis to accident simulation and legal liability assessment. Furthermore, the study shows that these systems can significantly contribute to predicting high-risk accident zones and establishing tailored safety policies. However, since the study is primarily theoretical and based on foreign case studies, empirical validation and in-depth analysis of technical and institutional constraints in the Korean setting are necessary. Future research should address the field applicability, legal reliability, data protection concerns, and response strategies for vulnerable populations in greater detail. This study serves as a foundational reference for the digital transformation of traffic accident response systems and the development of traffic safety policies that align with public expectations.

As part of the police reform, the current government is trying to establish a police bureau under the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and improve the personnel management of the police. Like the prosecution bureau under the Ministry of Justice, the main goal of the police is to establish a police support bureau in the Ministry of Public Administration and Security to have personnel, budget, disciplinary action, and inspection. However, the government's control of police rights was opposed mainly by the "Police Workplace Council," which is like a police union, and even police officials agreed with it, and the opposition was severe. It is becoming a form of struggle between the government and police organizations. As a police major, I don't want to side with anyone and support the police. However, I thought about what democratic control of the police should be with, considered what the police reform plan is, and analyzed the legal and institutional aspects of the current police, and expressed the following issues. First, this paper is as follows: First, we considered what the democratic control of the police was. Second, We focused on reform measures such as the personnel system and institutional approach. Third, I presented my argument on what the police reform plan is.

Recently a more holistic approach that includes impairment, activation, and participation is recommended. This study investigated the difference between speech language pathologists (SLPs) ' awareness and preference of the assessment according to the clinical experience after adjustment of the medical center by regional groups. Sixty-two SLPs who work in 51 medical centers have completed the survey, and the data was analyzed via Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test. As a result, there is a significant difference between the SLPs surveyed who have less than 5 years experience and SLP's who have more than 5 years experience (p<0.05). Particularly in the preferences of assessment methods such as observation of intelligibility in conversation with SLPs, observation of AAC ability in the both technical ability and interaction, hierarchy of difficult communication situations, observation of interaction in conversation with others, and recording of communication in non-clinical situations. In the awareness of assessment, there are noticeable differences between the two aforementioned groups concerning the importance of assessing a communication partner's abilities (p<0.05).The results showed that the two groups of SLPs have different views regarding the awareness and preferences of assessment with progressive dysarthria according to their related clinical experience. Thus, it is necessary to develop and nurture guidelines with a more holistic approach to progressive dysarthria.

New Institutional Economics (NIE) and New Institutional Sociology (NIS) provide complementary paradigms with which to understand the relationship between formal institutional changes in a reform period and informal institutional structures with which household economies adapt to reform policies. Survey data gathered from rural Russian households from 1991 to 2006 provide an empirical test of hypotheses drawn from NIE and NIS. The most important finding is that in the absence of secure formal property rights informal institutional elements played the dominant role in entrepreneurship and inequality between households in the Russian countryside, but that as formal institutions became legitimized, and the overall economy stabilized, households that made use of these new institutional arrangements had significant advantages vis-a-vis other households. At the same time, regions which have provided opportunities for households to develop a “mixed economy” that combines household enterprise production, which relies to a significant degree on informal institutional elements, and wages and salaries (i.e., working for others), which is based on the legitimization of formal institutional arrangements, have produced substantially higher mean household incomes than have other regions.

Since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the development of Asian bond markets has been discussed in various international forums as a means of recycling regional financial resources to prevent the recurrence of crisis in East Asia. Development of Asian bond markets helps regional governments and businesses which have relied on short-term bank loan in dollar denomination to reduce currency and maturity mismatch risks. In addition, a huge pool of foreign reserves and private savings in Asia can be channelled into regional bond markets to facilitate intra-regional circulation of regional savings and provide profit-enhancing opportunity to regional investors. This paper discusses the rationale for developing Asian bond markets and current issues with an overview of the markets. Based on the experience from ECU-denominated bond market, I propose institutional buildings including the creation of ACU (Asian Currency Unit) and AMCF (Asian Monetary Cooperation Fund) for enhancing regional financial cooperation in Asia.

This paper argues that the emergence of the Mafia in Italy can properly be understood by examining Mafia as an institution that had an origin in a unique cultural setting. Special attentions are paid on the peculiarities of the micro environment of Italian society, which was the very soil of the development of Mafia. In addition, the Calvinist and Catholic values will be analysed and compared, which will indicate how the first promoted the production of a global feeling of rational society, whereas the latter adhered the individual sphere and society as a collectivity. In regard to the genesis of Mafia in Sicily, the cultural and moral retrogradation, the unsettlement of the mercantilist, the disappearance of the feudal system, and a huge input of the violent unemployed caused a dire need for protection and organization. The Mafia was the institution that was built up in response to these conditions.

This paper is an attempt to address land conflicts in Mongolia through holistic research on land-related reform, privatization, and conflicts on the basis of an institutional approach. In doing so, the paper discusses Mongolia’s land reform and privatization issues at the macro level and analyzes land privatization and land conflicts at the micro level. It is argued that there are land conflicts in both rural and urban areas and that landrelated conflicts are mainly due to the ongoing process of land privatization in Mongolia. Mongolian society is not fully familiar with land conflicts, and potential private ownership of various types of land will bring more conflicts over land in the future. Therefore, institutional solutions for land conflicts in Mongolia should focus on a thorough examination of the results of land privatization and initiation of efforts for the transparency of land privatization.

This paper conducted a study on the operation plan of the packaging system to enhance the logistics efficiency between the manufacturer and the distributor, whose prior research in the relevant field was insignificant. By identifying problems and improvements in the operation of the packaging system between domestic manufacturers and distributors through the Retail Ready Packaging. The institutional aspects were investigated to confirm that the mediation role of government and social organizations was required to resolve issues (χ2 = 148.916, p < 0.001), and that guidelines that gathered diverse opinions for the rational operation of the packaging system were essential, while institutional aspects are needed to be supplemented to be willing to improve logistics efficiency (χ2 = 95.781, p < 0.001). In this study, even though the difference in perception between manufacturers and distributors is clear and the issue related to the operation of the packaging system is ongoing, if there is no effort to grasp the issue, the opinions between manufacturers and distributors will be left at odds and could become a social problem. Unnecessary interference from government and social organizations should be excluded, but the level of mediation to support win-win management in order to promote logistics standardization and reduce CO2 and national logistics costs can be explained as a catalyst for improving logistics efficiency through reasonable operation of the packaging system.

This paper investigates the institutional causes of the Japanese Depression in the 1990s in comparison to those of the America Great Depression in the 1930s. The Japanese Depression has two similarities to the American Depression. (1) Both depressions followed the bubble economy. (2) The decades of the 1930s and 1990s were historical transition periods. The institutional causes of the bubble economy in Japan were following: (1) instability of the international monetary system, (2) transformation of the financial system from "regulation and relief" to "deregulation and relief," (3) transformation of the industrial relations, (4) the Japanese domestic institutions such as the cross-shareholding system, the tax system, "the land standard," and the underdeveloped welfare system. These institutional factors are currently obstructing economic recovery.

Este trabajo hace una aproximacion descriptiva a la conformacion y estructura institucional de los gobiernos locales en cinco paises: Francia, Japon, Estados Unidos de America, Espana y Alemania. El objetivo es reconocer como estan estructurados sus gobiernos locales, sus estructuras destacadas, coordinacion primaria y niveles de concurrencia para la atencion y provision de servicios publicos. Se genera una comparacion preliminar de estructuras institucionales de representacion publica. Al final del texto se hace una evaluacion del caso mexicano y se presentan recomendaciones para mejorar la estructura institucional del gobierno local en Mexico.

Understanding health service disparities in the United States requires analysis of features of health services and the American value of market justice. Building on Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework, this paper identifies the factors affecting health service disparities. It empirically tests the significance of these factors by constructing and analyzing a large cross-sectional data set of 3147 American counties. The findings suggest that health service disparities can be resolved by actions taken by organizations and institutional arrangements to improve the biases and inefficiencies of health policy.