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Researchers and healthcare professionals have paid attention to artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare industry. The application of effective and efficient AI techniques can help to increase the precision of medical decision. AI offers great advances for countries currently struggling with complex healthcare systems and a physician shortage. In previous research in the field of health management, big data analytics in healthcare has been a significant subject from multidisciplinary aspects. To detect the onset of disease in the large-scale data, examining image and video sources and social media data is required. The literature represents various AI applications for healthcare services as well as an unexplored area of medical research emphasizes medical decision-making, patient diagnostics data, and network of health services. This study presents an innovative datadriven approach with knowledge-based analysis utilizing AI techniques. The proposed method develops a comprehensive approach including machine learning methods and its application to healthcare big data analysis. The significance of identifying and covering the key AI applications for healthcare is suggested. The result highlights that organization may greatly benefit from the use of this technology in healthcare operations with AI-based solutions to provide different treatment options and personalized therapies. With the applications of AI techniques, the general effectiveness of hospitals and healthcare systems may be increased, and overall healthcare costs may be reduced.

코로나19 백신이 공급됨에 따라 코로나19 집단면역이 활성화될 것으로 기대됐다. 그러나 백신과 관련된 것으 로 추정되는 이상 증상과 사망 사례가 지속적으로 방송 매체와 인터넷을 통해 확산되면서 백신에 대한 불안감이 지속적으로 제기되었고, 2022년 현재 2가 백신(BA.4/5)의 국내 접종률은 8.5%에 그쳤다(KCDC, 2022). 본 연구는 소셜미디어에서 사용자들이 공유하는 게시물과 댓글에서 백신에 대한 감정과 태도가 백신에 대한 정보 확산에 어느 정도 영향을 미쳤는지 알아보고 올바른 건강 정보의 전파에 대한 논의를 하고자 한다. 본 연구는 위험정보 탐색 처리 모델에 기반하여 소셜미디어 상에서 정보를 추구하는 과정에서 발생한 소통적 요소를 탐색하고 뉴미 디어의 시대에서 디지털 리터러시의 강화 방안을 대량의 텍스트에 대한 인문학적 분석에 기계학습을 활용한 결 과를 통해 제안하고자 한다. 트위터에서 수집된 데이터를 기반으로 가장 많이 공유된 상위 300개의 데이터를 추 출하고 백신에 대한 감정과 태도를 긍정, 중립, 부정으로 분류한 뒤 머신러닝을 통해 전체 데이터에 대한 분류를 진행했다. 트위터에서 나타난 백신에 대한 감정표현과 태도 중 부정적 감정의 경우 태도와 비례하지 않았다.

As the COVID-19 vaccine is supplied, it is expected that collective immunity will be activated. However, as abnormal symptoms and deaths believed to be related to vaccines continued to spread through broadcasting media and the Internet, anxiety about vaccines was continuously raised, and as of 2022, the domestic vaccination rate of bivalent vaccines (BA.4/5) was only 8.5 percent (KCDC, 2022). This study aims to find out how much emotions and attitudes toward vaccines have affected the spread of information about vaccines in posts and comments shared by users on social media and discuss the spread of correct health information. Based on the risk information search processing model, this study explores the communication factors that occurred in the process of pursuing information on social media and suggests ways to strengthen digital literacy in the era of new media through the results of machine learning in humanities analysis of large texts. Based on the data collected on Twitter, the top 300 most shared data were extracted, emotions and attitudes toward vaccines were classified as positive, neutral, and negative, and then the entire data was classified through machine learning. Among the expressions and attitudes toward vaccines shown on Twitter, negative emotions were not proportional to attitudes.

Purpose: To propose suggestions for future direction of health informatics in Sri Lanka with the understanding of existing situation in Sri Lanka and world. Methodology: Online literature search from journal articles and other documents Findings: Application of Health Information System (HIS) in health informatics has been implemented on project basis at district level by facing various barriers. Experience of efficiency and effectiveness have been motivated to expand the application up to national level. Conclusion: Applications of health informatics in Sri Lanka is limited when comparing with other countries in the world due to various barriers.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify nursing informatics competencies of nurses working for public health centers in Chungcheongnam-do. Methods: Data were collected from June 10 to July 25, 2012 using the Nursing Informatics Competencies Questionnaire(NICQ). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, x2-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Nursing informatics competencies of the subjects showed a mean score of 3.3±1.0 out of 5. As for scores of individual categories, the score for computer skills competencies was 3.3±1.0, informatics knowledge competencies 3.4±0.9, and informatics skills competencies 3.0±0.9. Nursing informatics competencies were positively correlated with the subjects' ages(r=.65, p<.001), computer usage hours(r=.23, p=.015), levels of demand for informatics knowledge(r=.51, p<.001), and informatics skills education(r=.78, p<.001). Conclusion: Nursing informatics is required to be connected with job training or in-service education on account of its growing necessity for public health nurses. It is also essential to develop programs for strengthening informatics competencies reflecting sub-categories of educational needs.

차세대 의료 정보 교환 표준인 FHIR는 빠른 의료정보 교환이 가능할 뿐 아니라 효과적인 다양한 의료서비스가 가능하다. 본 논문은 FHIR 리소스를 보안 채널기반의 무선 데이터 방송에 적용하여 사용자에게 효율적으로 리소스를 전달할 수 있도록 하기 위해 FHIR 리소스 기반의 인덱싱 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 인덱싱 기법은 리소스를 받고자 하는 사용자 정보와 사용자에 대한 FHIR 리소스를 유지하여 대량의 사용자가 빠른 시간에 적은 에너지를 사용하여 원하는 리소스를 다운로드할 수 있도록 한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 인덱싱 기법이 다른 기법들 보다 우수한 성능을 보임을 보였다.

FHIR, next-generation standard for health information exchange, allows to exchange health information fast and to provide various health services. In this paper, we propose an indexing scheme of FHIR resources for adopting the resources to wireless data broadcasting with a secure channel. That scheme keeps the information of users to support to download FHIR resources from the secure wireless broadcast channel and the information on the resources. Using the proposed index, massive users can download their desired FHIR resources with less energy in short time. With simulation studies, we show the proposed indexing scheme outperforms other scheme broadcasting FHIR resources.

ICT 기술과 의료기술이 융합된 의료 정보기술에서 XML 기반의 CCR 문서는 환자 데이터의 연속성과 이동성을 확보해 준다. 대규모의 클라이언트들이 CCR 문서를 동시에 액세스할 때 클라이언트의 수에 상관없이 데이터 배표가 가능하게 해주는 확장성을 가진 무선 데이터 방송은 효율적인 정보 전달을 위한 하나의 대안이 된다. 본 논문은 무선데이터방송을 이용한 CCR 문서 전달을 위해 다양한 CCR 문서 스케줄링 기법과 인덱스 기법을 적용하여 최적의 클라이언트 성능을 낼 수 있도록 방송환경을 구축할 수 있는 무선 데이터 방송 시뮬레이션 프레임워크를 설계하고 구현한다. 구현된 프레임워크에 다양한 스케줄링 기법과 인덱스를 적용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 프레임워크의 효율성을 보였다.

In the field of health informatics converging ICT technology and medicine technology, XML-based CCR document make sure the continuity and mobility of the information of patients. When a number of clients access CCR documents, wireless data broadcast that supports any number of clients can be an alternative for the scalability. In this paper, we propose a framework for wireless data broadcast of XML-based CCR documents. We design and implement the framework that can adopt various data scheduling algorithms and indexing schemes for the optimized performances of clients. The implemented framework shows the efficiency with simulations adopting various data scheduling algorithms and indexing schemes.

본 연구는 의료 정보 분야에서 AI 에이전트의 핵심 한계인 '블랙박스 문제'에 대한 전문가 집단의 인식을 탐구하고, 이것이 사용자 신뢰 및 수용 의도에 미치는 효과를 분석하는 것을 목적으로 설계되었다. 이를 위해 의학사서 등 의료정보 전문가 60명을 대상으로 AI의 불투명성(블랙박스 인식), 공감적 상호작용, 프라이버시 민감성이 신뢰 및 수용에 미치는 효과를 설문조사를 통해 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과, AI의 블랙박스 인식이 사용자의 신뢰도를 직접적으로 낮추거나, 공감적 상호작용이 신뢰도를 유의미하게 높인다는 핵심 가설들은 통계적으로 지지되지 않았다. 이는 전문가 집단이 AI 판단 과정의 투명성보다 최종 결과물의 정확성과 유용성을 더 중요하게 평가할 수 있음을 시사한다. 통계적으로 유의미한 주요 효과로는, AI와의 상호작용이 원활할수록 오히려 프라이버시 민감성이 증가하는 역설적 관계가 확인되었다. 또한, 임상 경력이 많은 전문가일수록 블랙박스 문제에 덜 민감하게 반응하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 신뢰할 수 있는 의료 AI 시스템 설계 시, 설명가능성이라는 단일한 접근을 넘어 사용자의 전문성 수준과 데이터 프라이버시 보호를 함께 고려하는 다각적 전략이 필수적임을 강조한다.

In this study, we designed an investigation to explore how medical information professionals perceive the 'black box problem,' a core limitation of AI agents. We surveyed 60 specialists to analyze the effects of AI's inexplicability (black-box perception), empathetic interaction, and privacy sensitivity on user trust and adoption in the healthcare context. Our primary findings reveal that our core hypotheses were not statistically supported; black-box perception did not significantly decrease user trust, nor did empathetic interaction significantly enhance it. We believe this suggests that for expert users, the functional output and accuracy of an AI may be more critical than the transparency of its internal process. Among the statistically significant effects we identified, a notable paradoxical relationship emerged: smoother user interaction correlated with increased privacy sensitivity. Furthermore, we observed that experts with more clinical experience tended to be less sensitive to the black box problem. Ultimately, we argue that these results offer key insights for designing trustworthy medical AI systems, emphasizing that a multifaceted strategy is necessary. This approach must go beyond solely pursuing explainability and should also incorporate considerations for the user's level of expertise and robust privacy-preserving measures.

본 연구는 인공지능(AI) 기술 발전으로 의료 분야에서 혁신적인 변화가 일어나는 시대적 배경 속에서 수행한 다. 그러나 국내 의료 정보학 교육은 이러한 변화에 대응하기에 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 AI 시대에 부응 하는 의료 정보학 전문가 양성을 위한 최적의 교육과정 개발을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 국내 모든 의과대학의 의료 정보학 관련 교육 과정 현황을 수집하여 분석하는 방법을 사용한다. 분석 결과, 의학통계학이나 의료정보학 관련 과 목은 비교적 개설되어 있으나, 데이터 분석, 데이터 사이언스, 의료 빅데이터 관련 과목은 전국적으로 매우 부족함을 확인한다. 특히 서울의 주요 대학에서조차 인공지능 및 빅데이터 관련 학부 교과목이 부족하며, 현재의 교육과정은 AI와 데이터 리터러시 역량 강화에 한계를 보이고 학년 간 연계성도 부족한 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으 로, 본 연구는 데이터 수집, 정제, 관리, 시각화 등 데이터의 전 과정을 다루는 심층 교육을 포함한 AI 기반 의료정보 학 교육과정 모델을 제안한다. 또한, AI 윤리, 데이터 거버넌스, 생성형 AI와 같은 첨단 교과목의 비중 확대를 강조 한다. 나아가 다학제적 교육 협력 체계 구축, 현장 중심의 실무 교육 강화, 전문 교수진 확보, 통합 실습 환경 구축 및 정부 차원의 지원 확대를 통한 교육 효과의 극대화를 제언한다.

This study is conducted against the backdrop of an era where advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology are bringing innovative changes to the medical field. However, the current state of medical informatics education in Korea is inadequate to respond to these changes. Therefore, this study aims to develop an optimal curriculum for nurturing medical informatics experts who can meet the demands of the AI era. To achieve this, the study employs a method of collecting and analyzing the current status of medical informatics-related curricula at all medical schools in Korea. The analysis confirms that while subjects related to medical statistics and medical informatics are relatively established, courses on data analysis, data science, and medical big data are severely lacking nationwide. It is particularly noted that even major universities in Seoul lack undergraduate courses in artificial intelligence and big data. The current curriculum shows limitations in strengthening AI and data literacy capabilities and also lacks connectivity between academic years. Based on these results, this study proposes an AI-based medical informatics curriculum model that includes in-depth education on the entire data process, including data collection, cleaning, management, and visualization. It also emphasizes expanding the proportion of advanced subjects such as AI ethics, data governance, and generative AI. Furthermore, it suggests maximizing educational effectiveness by establishing a multidisciplinary educational cooperation system, strengthening field-oriented practical training, securing expert faculty, building an integrated practical environment, and expanding government-level support.

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Objectives: In this paper we present a contemporary understanding of “nursing informatics” and relate it to applications in three specific contexts, hospitals, community health, and home dwelling, to illustrate achievements that contribute to the overall schema of health informatics. Methods: We identified literature through database searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Database searching was complemented by one author search and hand searches in six relevant journals. The literature review helped in conceptual clarification and elaborate on use that are supported by applications in different settings. Results: Conceptual clarification of nursing data, information and knowledge has been expanded to include wisdom. Information systems and support for nursing practice benefits from conceptual clarification of nursing data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. We introduce three examples of information systems and point out core issues for information integration and practice development. Conclusions: Exploring interplays of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, nursing informatics takes a practice turn, accommodating to processes of application design and deployment for purposeful use by nurses in different settings. Collaborative efforts will be key to further achievements that support task shifting, mobility, and ubiquitous health care.

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Objectives: Education in biomedical and health informatics is essential for managing complex healthcare systems, bridging the gap between healthcare and information technology, and adapting to the digital requirements of the healthcare industry. This review presents the current status of biomedical and health informatics education domestically and internationally and proposes recommendations for future development. Methods: We analyzed evidence from reports and papers to explore global trends and international and domestic examples of education. The challenges and future strategies in Korea were also discussed based on the experts’ opinions. Results: This review presents international recommendations for establishing education in biomedical and health informatics, as well as global examples at the undergraduate and graduate levels in medical and nursing education. It provides a thorough examination of the best practices, strategies, and competencies in informatics education. The review also assesses the current state of medical informatics and nursing informatics education in Korea. We highlight the challenges faced by academic institutions and conclude with a call to action for educators to enhance the preparation of professionals to effectively utilize technology in any healthcare setting. Conclusions: To adapt to the digitalization of healthcare, systematic and continuous workforce development is essential. Future education should prioritize curriculum innovations and the establishment of integrated education programs, focusing not only on students but also on educators and all healthcare personnel in the field. Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among educational institutions, academicsocieties, government agencies, and international bodies dedicated to systematic and continuous workforce development.

Objectives: Digital health (DH) is a revolution driven by digital technologies to improve health. Despite the importance ofDH, curricular updates in healthcare university programs are scarce, and DH remains undervalued. Therefore, this reportdescribes the first Junior Scientific Committee (JSC) focusing on DH at a nationwide congress, with the aim of affirming itsimportance for promoting DH in universities. Methods: The scientific committee of the Brazilian Congress of Health Informatics(CBIS) extended invitations to students engaged in health-related fields, who were tasked with organizing a warm-upevent and a 4-hour session at CBIS. Additionally, they were encouraged to take an active role in a workshop alongside distinguishedexperts to map out the current state of DH in Brazil. Results: The warm-up event focused on the topic “Artificialintelligence in healthcare: is a new concept of health about to arise?” and featured remote discussions by three professionalsfrom diverse disciplines. At CBIS, the JSC’s inaugural presentation concentrated on delineating the present state of DH educationin Brazil, while the second presentation offered strategies to advance DH, incorporating viewpoints from within andbeyond the academic sphere. During the workshop, participants deliberated on the most crucial competencies for future professionalsin the DH domain. Conclusions: Forming a JSC proved to be a valuable tool to foster DH, particularly due to thevaluable interactions it facilitated between esteemed professionals and students. It also supports the cultivation of leadershipskills in DH, a field that has not yet received the recognition it deserves.

Objectives: Information technology is an essential tool to improve patient safety and the quality of care, and to reduce healthcare costs. There is a scarcity of large sustainable implementations in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to review the challenges faced by developing countries to achieve sustainable implementations in health informatics and possible ways to address them. Methods: In this non-systematic review of the literature, articles were searched using the keywords medical informatics, developing countries, implementation, and challenges in PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE. The authors, after reading the literature, reached a consensus to classify the challenges into six broad categories. Results: The authors describe the problems faced by developing countries arising from the lack of adequate infrastructure and the ways these can be bypassed; the fundamental need to develop nationwide e-Health agendas to achieve sustainable implementations; ways to overcome public uncertainty with respect to privacy and security; the difficulties shared with developed countries in achieving interoperability; the need for a trained workforce in health informatics and existing initiatives for its development; and strategies to achieve regional integration. Conclusions: Central to the success of any implementation in health informatics is knowledge of the challenges to be faced. This is even more important in developing countries, where uncertainty and instability are common. The authors hope this article will assist policy makers, healthcare managers, and project leaders to successfully plan their implementations and make them sustainable, avoiding unexpected barriers and making better use of their resources.

The Asia Pacific region is one of the most vibrant and diverse geographical regions in the world. Therefore, growing health informatics is particularly challenging given the wide cultural, political and socio-economic diversity among countries in the region. But the diversity also presents test-bed opportunities for wide-ranging health informatics applications from telemedicine to clinical management systems and nationwide use of healthcare smart cards. Many of the projects are highly correlated with socio-economic development and national vision and commitment. Since 1994, the Asia Pacific Association for Medical Informatics (APAMI) has been instrumental in promoting health informatics awareness and development by facilitating regional and international networking. In the coming years, health informatics development in the Asia Pacific is expected to come of age given the presence of influential factors such as strong economic growth, rapid info-communication structural development and transformation of national healthcare systems and deliveries to leverage on high technology-based economies. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 13-2, 67-75, 2007)

Objectives: Health informatics programs usually are evaluated by national accreditation committees. Not always are the members of these committees well informed about the international level of (education in) health informatics. Therefore, when a program is accredited by a national accreditation committee, this does not always mean that the program is of an international level. The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) has expertise in the field of education. The IMIA Recommendations on Education in Biomedical and Health Informatics guide curricula development. The goal of this article is to show that IMIA can also play the role of accreditation agency and to present the IMIA accreditation protocol and experiences obtained with it. Methods: The accreditation procedure used in the Netherlands and Belgium was taken as a template for the design of the IMIA accreditation protocol. In a trial period of one and a half year the protocol is tested out on six health informatics programs. Results: An accreditation protocol was designed. For judging the curriculum of a program the IMIA Recommendations are used. The institution has to write a self-assessment report and a site visit committee visits the program and judges its quality, supported by the self-assessment report and discussions with all stakeholders of the program. Conclusions: After having visited three programs it appears that the IMIA accreditation procedure works well. Only a few changes had to be introduced. Writing the self-assessment report already appears to be beneficial for the management of the program to obtain a better insight in the quality of their program.

유전체연구사업단은 국내에서 발병 및 사망빈도가 가장 높은 위암과 간암의 퇴치를 목적으로 국가적 특목전략사업으로 연구를 추진하고 있다. 이와 별도로 보건복지부에서는 22개의 중요 질병별 유전체 연구센터를 전국적으로 추진하고 있다. 따라서, 연구가 성공적으로 진행되면 각 연구소에서 독자적으로 개발하여 제공하는 생명정보의 양은 거의 무한에 이를 것이다. 그러나 생명정보는 환자진료에 도움을 주기 위해서는 궁극적으로 임상정보와 함께 유기적으로 통합되어야 한다. 임상정보와의 통합을 위해서는 의료기관의 진료정보와 연구소의 생명정보가 연계되어 엄밀한 임상실험이 추가적으로 실시되어야 한다. 뿐만 아니라 생명정보학의 발전을 위해서는 연구대상의 임상정보가 공유되어야 한다. 유전체정보를 이용하는 생명정보학(Bioinformatics)은 각 국가마다 전략사업으로 간주하여 막대한 투자가 이루어지는 새로운 분야이다. 현재 선진국에서 개발 사용 중인 시스템의 연간 사용료가 고가이므로 국내 도입은 거의 불가능하거나 또는 매우 비효율적이다. 유전체 또는 생명정보의 임상활용 및 생명정보연구를 위한 임상정보 공유를 위해서는 우선 다음의 사항이 개발되어야 한다. 1) 다음과 같은 개별환자의 정보를 각 의료기관에서 제공 받아 저장 활용한다. - 진찰 및 임상소견, 수술기록, 경과기록, 검사결과 (임상병리, 해부병리, 방사선 등), - 영상정보 (X-ray, CT, MRI, 초음파, 전자현미경, 그래픽 등), - 환자개인기록(병력, 과거력, 가족력, 알러지 등), - 예방접종 기록 2) 각 연구소에서 첨단기술을 이용하여 개발되는 생명정보를 임상에 활용하기 위해서는 유전체연구센타와 병원간에 임상정보와 유전체 분석정보의 공유가 필수적으로 발생하게 됨으로, 유전체 정보와 임상정보의 통합은 미래 의료환경에 필수기능이 될 것이다. 3) 각 생명공학 연구소에서 사용하는 첨단 분석 장비와 생명공학 정보시스템의 자동 연계가 필요하다. 현재 국내에는 전국적인 초고속정보망이 가동되어 웹을 기반으로 하는 생명정보의 공유는 기술적으로 문제가 될 수 없으나 임상정보의 유전체연구에 그리고 유전체연구정보의 임상활용은 다양한 문제를 내포하고 있다. 이에 영상을 포함한 환자정보의 유전체연구센터와 병원정보시스템과의 효율적인 연계통합 운영을 위해 국내에서는 초기 도입단계에 있는 국제적인 보건의료정보의 표준인 Health Level 7 (textural information 공유), DICOM (image 및 wave 공유), 관련 ISO표준, WHO의 ICD9/10 (질병분류), LOINC (검사 및 관련용어), SNOMED International (의학용어) 등을 활용하여야 한다.

Objectives: To demonstrate and promote the importance of applying a scientific process to health IT design and implementation,and of basing this on research principles and techniques. Methods: A review by international experts linked to the IMIA Working Group on Technology Assessment and Quality Development. Results: Four approaches are presented, linking to the creation of national professional expectations, adherence to research-based standards, quality assurance approaches to ensure safety, and scientific measurement of impact. Conclusions: Solely marketing- and aspiration-based approaches to health informatics applications are no longer ethical or acceptable when scientifically grounded evidence-based approaches are available and in use.

Objectives: This paper outlines a new method of teaching health informatics to large numbers of students from around the world through a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). Methods: The Health Informatics Forum is one of examples of MOOCs through a social networking site for educating health informatics students and professionals. It is running a MOOC for students from around the world that uses creative commons licenced content funded by the US government and developed by five US universities. The content is delivered through narrated lectures with slides that can be viewed online with discussion threads on the forum for class interactions. Students can maintain a professional profile, upload photos and files, write their own blog posts and post discussion threads on the forum. Results: The Health Informatics Forum MOOC has been accessed by 11,316 unique users from 127 countries from August 2, 2012 to January 24, 2014. Most users accessed the MOOC via a desktop computer, followed by tablets and mobile devices and 55% of users were female. Over 400,000 unique users have now accessed the wider Health Informatics Forum since it was established in 2008. Conclusions: Advances in health informatics and educational technology have both created a demand for online learning material in health informatics and a solution for providing it. By using a MOOC delivered through a social networking platform it is hoped that high quality health informatics education will be able to be delivered to a large global audience of future health informaticians without cost.