Earticle

본 연구는 한국 STEAM 프로그램에 공학 설계 (Engineering Design)가 얼마나 반영되었는지 분석한 것이다. Gusey et al. (2014)의 STEM 프로그램 분석 도구를 바탕으로 41개의 STEAM 프로그램을 분석하 는 예비 연구를 진행하였으며 그 결과를 바탕으로 한국 STEAM 프로그램의 특성에 맞게 유형을 분류 할 수 있는 핵심 요소와 분석 도구를 제안하였다. 한 국 STEAM 프로그램의 분석 요소는 Gusey et al. (2014)가 제안한 요소와 더불어 과학 탐구과정과 과 학 내용과 관련된 5개의 요소들이 추가되었다. 본 연 구에서 제안된 요소와 분석틀을 사용하여 76개의 프 로그램을 분석한 결과 한국STEAM 프로그램은 공학 설계 요소의 반영 비율이 낮고(28.5%) 과학 내용 중 심적이며(62.3%) 완전한 공학 설계 과정이 반영된 프 로그램은 5.8%에 불과했다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korea STEAM Programs in the perspective of Engineering Design. A pilot study of analyzing 41 STEAM programs was conducted by using Guzey et al. (2014)’s STEM program analysis framework. Based on the pilot study result, we suggested specific criteria to analyze Korea STEAM program and developed an analysis framework by considering characteristics of Korea STEAM program we found. The analysis framework suggested by this study has 5 more criteria compared to the Guzey et al. (2014)’s framework. By using the suggested framework, we analyzed another 76 STEAM programs developed by the grant of Korea foundation for the Admin of Science & Creativity (KOFAC) in 2016. The analysis results show that only 28.5% of total 76 Korea STEAM programs are focused on Engineering Design and the programs categorized as ‘Complete Engineering Design Lesson’ were only 5.4%. More than half of the programs (62.3%) are focused on only science contents with crafting and/or concept drawing activities.

궁극적으로 한 기업 및 국가의 경쟁력은 기술경쟁력이라고 할 정도로 첨단 기술을 중심으로 한 글로벌 기술패권주의가 확대되고 있다. 이러한 변화에 맞춰 최근 들어서는 기존의 대기업 등 단일 기업단위의 보안관리가 아니라 협력관계에 있는 기업들 소위 산업내 기업들간의 보안관련 협력이 확대되는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내 조선산업 설계분야에서 대·중소기업간에 상호 신뢰하에 활용될 수 있는 ｢대·중소기업 협력관계에서의 보안인증 평가지표｣ 도출을 주된 연구목적으로 수행하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 FGI를 통해 관련 지표들을 설계하고, AHP를 통해 지 표별 우선순위를 도출하였다. 분석결과, 본 연구를 통해 제시된 평가지표들이 타 연구에서 제시 한 평가지표와 상이한 점을 일부 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 산업별로 특화된 보안협력을 위 한 평가지표가 마련될 수 있음을 확인해 볼 수 있었다. 본 연구는 그간 일부 연구에서 제시한 대·중소기업 보안협력 관련 연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 특정 산업분야에 대한 상호신뢰기반 하 에 활용될 수 있는 보안인증 평가지표를 도출하고 이의 활용방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 그 의 의가 크다고 판단된다

As the importance of core technologies owned by companies or countries expands, competition for global technology leadership is expanding in various technology fields. Considering these changes, security-related cooperation between companies is expanding. The main purpose of this study was to confirm the security certification evaluation index in the cooperative relationship between large companies and SMEs that can be used for the trust of large companies and SMEs in the domestic shipbuilding industry engineering design field. In order to processing this study, first, related indicators were designed through FGI, and the priority of each indicator was confirmed through AHP. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that some of the evaluation index presented through this study were different from those presented in other studies. In addition, it was confirmed that evaluation index for specialized security cooperation by industry can be prepared through this. This study is evaluated to be meaningful in that it prepared security certification evaluation index that can be used in a specific industry and suggested usage plans.

본 논문에서 제안하는 신규 STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics) 프로그램 및 정보보안 모의해킹 놀이식 학습교구는 미래 유망 직업군인 정보보안전문가와 관련된 프로젝트를 수행해 정보보안전문가에 대한 학생들의 관심과 흥미를 높이고 창의적 진로설계를 할 수 있도록 도움을 주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 프로그램을 활용하는 교사와 학생이 정보보안전문가 관련 프로젝트 지도 및 수행과정을 통해 정보보안전문가가 하는 일과 필요한 역량이 무엇인가를 자연스럽게 이해하도록 프로그램을 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 정보보안전문가 STEAM 학습 교구는 정보보안전문가의 기본 소양을 제안된 학습 교구를 응용하여 간접적으로 체험해보는 활동으로 설계하였다. 사이버 보안에 관련된 내용이 어렵고 낯설기 때문에 기술적인 부분보다는 해당 직업의 핵심 원리에 접근할 수 있도록 내용을 구성하였다. 이 프로그램을 통해 학생들은 문제를 해결하는 과정에서 서로 소통하고 정보보안전문가에 관심을 가지고 창의적으로 진로를 설계할 수 있을 것이다.

The new STEAM program suggested in this paper aims at helping students to have interest in information security engineering experts and to design their career creatively through the project on future promising career. The program was designed to help teachers and students understand the jobs and capabilities required for information security experts through direction and execution of the information security expert project. Teaching tools of information security through simulation hacking play activities based on hexagon cell is designed to provide students with the chance to indirectly experience the job of a computer security expert through an unplugged education. Because the content of cyber security is unfamiliar and difficult to understand, the program is designed to allow students to access the key principle of the job, rather than to describe the technical part. Using this program, students will be able to communicate with each other to solve the problems, to have interest in computer security experts, and to design their careers in a creative manner.

The existing electrical engineering design method and the dynamic objective function in the application process of automatic control system fail to meet the unbounded condition, which affects the control tracking accuracy. In order to improve the tracking control accuracy, this paper studies the electrical engineering design method based on neural network and the application of automatic control system. This paper analyzes the structure and working mechanism of electrical engineering automation control system by an automation control model with main control objectives. Following the analysis, an optimal solution of controllability design and fault-tolerant control is figured out. The automatic control power coefficient is distributed based on an ideal control effect of system. According to the distribution results, an automatic control algorithm is based on neural network for accurate control. The experimental results show that the electrical automation control method based on neural network can significantly reduce the control following error to 3.62%, improve the accuracy of the electrical automation tracking control, thus meeting the actual production needs of electrical engineering automation control system.

The allocation of means and tolerances to provide quality, functional reliability and performance reliability in engineering systems is a challenging problem. Traditional measures to help select the best means and tolerances include mean time to failure and its variance; however, they have some shortcomings. In this paper, a monetary measure based on present worth is invoked as a more inclusive metric. We consider the sum of the production cost and the expected loss of quality cost over a planned horizon at the customers discount rates. Key to the approach is a probabilistic loss of quality cost that incorporates the cumulative distribution function that arises from time-variant distributions of system performance measures due to degrading components. The proposed design approach investigates both degradation and uncertainty in component. Moreover, it tries to obviate problems of current Taguchi's loss function-based design approaches. Case studies show the practicality and promise of the approach.

Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a popular method employed in product development. It treats the whole product design process by the consideration of product quality, cost, rate of progress, and demands of customers. The development of computer and network technologies provides a strong support to the realization of CE in practice. Aiming at the characteristics of CE and network collaborative design, this paper built network collaborative design system frame. Through the analysis of the network collaborative design modes based on CE, this paper provided a novel network collaborative design integration model. This model can integrate the product design information, design process, and knowledge. Intelligent collaboration was considered in the proposed model. The study showed that the proposed model considered main factors such as information, knowledge, and design process in collaborative design. It has potential application in CE fields.

With the progress of society and the evolution of lifestyles, parents have increased requirements for products of infant care. As an emerging infant feeding aid, smart bottles for infants are required to meet functional requirements in design, with the user's emotional experiences taken into account. A hierarchical structure model was constructed in this study for the purpose of conducting an investigation and quantitative evaluation regarding the key criteria of design such as function, appearance, and material of smart bottles for infants. The importance of each design criterion was compared and weighed with the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology. With the combination of the theory and perceptual engineering, an in-depth discussion was held in regard to the appearance, color, and material selection of infant bottles. With users' questionnaires and focused group discussions, their preferences and feedback on different design options were collected. Finally, results of AHP analysis were combined with what had been acquired in the research of perceptual engineering in an effort to provide a scientific basis for the future design of smart baby bottles for babies. This research will help boost its competitiveness in the market of smart bottles for infants and meet complex needs of modern parents, strengthening user's recognition and goodwill towards the product.

Constructed wetlands and other aquatic systems have been successfully used for waste and wastewater treatment in either temperate or tropical regions. To treat waste or wastewater in a sustainable manner, the integrated eco-engineering designs are explained in this paper with 2 case studies: (i) a combination of vertical-flow constructed wetland (CW) with plant irrigation systemfor fecal sludge management and (ii) integrated CW units with landscaping at full-scale application for domestic wastewater treatment. The pilot-scale study of fecal sludge management employed 3 vertical-flow CW units, each with a dimension of 5 x 5 x 0.65 m (width x length x media depth) and planted with cattails (Typha augustifolia). At the solid loading rate of 250 kg total solids (TS)/m2.yr and a 6-day percolate impoundment, the CW system could achieve chemical oxygen demand (COD), TS and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) removal efficiencies in the range of 80 - 96%. The accumulated sludge layers of about 80 – 90 cm was found at the CW bed surface after operating the CW units for 7 years, but no clogging problem has been observed. The CW percolate was applied to 16 irrigation Sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) plots, each with a dimension of 4.5 x 4.5 m (width x length). In the study, the CW percolate were fed to the treatment plots at the application rate of 7.5 mm/day but the percolate was mixed with tap water at different ratio of 20%, 80% and 100%. Based on a 1-year data of 3-crop plantation were experimented, the contents of Zn, Mn and Cu in soil of the experimental plots were found to increase with increasing in CW percolate ratios. The highest plant biomass yield and oil content of 1,000 kg/ha and 35%, respectively, were obtained from the plots fed with 20% or 50% of the CW percolate, whereas no accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues (i.e. leaves, stems and flowers) of the sunflower is found. In addition to the pilot-scale and field experiments, a case study of the integrated CW systems for wastewater treatment at Phi Phi Island (a Tsunami-hit area), Krabi province, Thailand is illustrated. The 5,200-m2 CW systems on Phi Phi Island are not only for treatment of 400 m3/day wastewater from hotels, households or other domestic activities, but also incorporating public consultation in the design processes, resulting in introducing the aesthetic landscaping as well as reusing of the treated effluent for irrigating green areas on the Island.

This research will consider the problem of designing karkassno-membrane space structures. We consider three variants of the design space of shells formed by the graphs of mathematical functions, as well as a comparison with the shell, obtained without the use of mathematical methods of construction. It is also calculated on the strength of all 4 designs in the program, Autodesk® Robot™ Structural Analysis followed by analysis and comparison of the structures developed. The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of the surfaces formed by mathematical functions, the design of spatial shells of civil and industrial buildings.

In Korea, software education is being strengthened. As a result, the polarization in software education is getting worse due to the private education craze. Fortunately, there is room in South Korea to narrow the gap through after-school schools. However, the ability of after-school instructors and the acquisition of information are also important, so this study developed model textbooks. Model textbooks have recently applied Nobel Engineering, which has been gaining attention in South Korea. Through the developed model textbooks, we hope to help with fun software education by applying it to the school site after school.

Stem cells are regarded as a promising tool in cell therapy and tissue engineering because of their high proliferation and multi-differentiation capabilities. However, the clinical use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is limited by technical difficulties in mass production, high manufacturing costs, and contamination. In the context of mass production and stem cell regulation, bioreactor systems not only modulate environmental and biochemical cues but also induce biomechanical cues such as shear stress and hypoxia. In this study, we developed a fully automated bioreactor system (fABS) for precisely controlling stem cell fate and applied this system to the proliferation and differentiation of human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The fABS mainly consists of 5 systems: a monitoring system, the primary control system, a medium feeding system, a mass flow controller, and a cell culture system. We evaluated the precision with which the fABS regulated the environment and found that the shear stress induced by the fABS enhanced hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the hypoxia induced by the fABS enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Since this system can be used for a variety of purposes, e.g., mass production, osteogenic differentiation, and chondrogenic differentiation, the fABS promises to help advance stem cell technologies.

최근 학습자 중심의 창의설계교육에 대한 관심과 요구가 급속히 높아지고 있으나 대부분의 대학에서는 아직 이를 위한 교과과정 및 창의설계실 등을 충실히 갖추고 있지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 공학교육에서 큰 관심을 모으고 있는 창의설계교육을 위한 설계중심의 교과과정 및 이를 수행하기 위한 종합설계실 구축 방안을 제시한다. 전자공학전공을 중심으로 기존 교과과정을 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 입문설계와 요소설계를 거쳐 종합설계로 이어지는 설계중심의 공학교육을 효과적으로 수행할 수 있는 새로운 교과과정 구성과 이 교과과정을 바탕으로 실무능력을 배양하기에 적합한 종합설계실의 구축 방안을 제시한다.

Recently a demand for student-centered creative design education is rapidly growing, but well organized design curriculum and design practice complex are not established properly in most universities. In this paper, we present a scheme for design-centered engineering curriculum and a method to build a design practice complex for creative design education which it is currently attracting a lot of interest in engineering education. Based on the analysis of the conventional curriculum of electronic engineering, a new curriculum and a design practice complex that is suitable for enhancement of professional practice capability and by which an effective engineering education through introductory design, element design and advanced design steps can be performed is described.

Design changes frequently occur while design activities are performed. If the impact of design changes is estimated, design efficiency can be improved. But, the types of design changes are various and they can affect other design parts. Hence, it is difficult to deal with design changes directly. The purpose of this research is to develop systematic algorithms for change propagation tracing and change impact analysis, and then to implement a change impact analysis system. We have selected a process-based design and a design environment which is composed of design parameters and constraints. The algorithm for change propagation tracing tracks the change propagation of design parameters and finds design parameters, constraints and tasks which are probably changed. In the algorithm for change impact analysis, a change impact value is calculated from the list of changeable tasks. These two algorithms have been implemented into change impact analysis system (CIAS). CIAS has been applied to the redesign of 2 stage gear drives. CIAS can improve the efficiency of design activities. If there are many alternatives for a design change at the redesign step, designers can calculate the change impact value of each alternative and perform design change activities in the direction of minimizing design change impact.

본 연구에서는 개발중인 기존 채광지역에 인접한 광구내 신규 광체를 개발하려는 광산을 대상으로사전 타당성 평가를 수행했다. 이를 위해 대상광체의 품위분포에 대한 블럭모델을 기반으로 최종피트 (pit)를 설계하였으며, 연산 11백만 톤에 대한 생산계획을 수립하였다. 본 연구에서 채광비용은 일정한 단위 생산비용을 생산량과 곱하여 평가하는 방식이 아니라 생산량에 대한 공학적 설계기반의 평가방식을 적용하였다. 2020년에 평가된 비용을 평가시점이 지나 조사된 비용과 비교한결과, 두 비용간 오차는 실제 개발주체를 고려하면 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 신규 채광지역의 개발은경제성이 양호한 것으로 평가되었으며, 경제성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자는 광석의 가격으로나타났다.

In this study, a pre-feasibility assessment was performed on a mine that intended to develop a new ore body adjacent to an existing mining area under development. For this purpose, a final pit was designed using a grade block model of the ore body, and a production schedule for 11 million tons per year was established. In this study, mining costs were evaluated using an engineering-based production evaluation rather than a constant unit cost multiplied by production. When the unit operating cost evaluated in 2020 was compared to the cost investigated after the evaluation point, the error between the two costs was observed to be low, particularly given the entity that actually mines ore. The mining a new mining area was deemed economically viable, with the ore price being the most significant factor.

건설 엔지니어링은 과학기술과 지식을 접목하여 고부가가치와 일자리를 창출하는 대표적인 산업이지만 그 중요성이 저평가 되고 있다. 국토교통부의 자료에 의하면 엔지니어링 산업의 부가가치율(65.3 %)과 고용유발계수(14명 고용/10억 원)은 제조업의 3배 이상이다. 특히 시공 이전의 프로젝트 관리·기본설계 등 전방가치사슬은 총사업비의 10~15 % 미만임에도 불구하고 인프라 시설의 전체 가격과 품질을 좌우한다. 본 연구에서는 인프라 엔지니어링 플랫폼을 프로젝트 단위가 아니라 엔터프라이즈 수준의 플랫폼으로 개발하기 위하여 필요한 프레임워크, 도로 설계 업무 분류, 설계 지원 모듈 및 데이터베이스 구축 방향에 대하여 제시하고, 이를 바탕으로 클라우드 기반의 설계 플랫폼의 초기 버전을 개발하였다. 개발된 설계 플랫폼은 시간/공간 제약 없는 웹 기반 설계 업무환경을 제공하고, 해외사업 수주 및 경쟁력 확보에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Infrastructure engineering is a field that supports construction (assembly) as a representative industry that creates high added value and jobs by combining science and technology with knowledge, though its importance is underestimated. According to a report from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Korea), the value-added rate (65.3%) of the engineering industry and the employment inducement coefficient (14 employees per billion won) are three times higher than in manufacturing. In particular,the forward value chain (such as project management and basic design) accounts for less than 10~15% of the total project cost but determines the overall price and quality of the infrastructure facilities. In this study, a work break-down system, design support module and database development method for road design projects for design platform development is presented. Based on the presented development method, a cloud-based infrastructure design platform's prototype is developed. The developed infrastructure engineering platform is expected to provide a web-based design work environment without time/space restrictions and greatly contribute to winning overseas business orders and securing competitiveness.

Recently, 3D printing has received increasing attention due to its boundless potentials. Because 3D printing starts from 3D geometry information, computer-aided design (CAD) is an essential technology to build 3D geometry data. These days, education of 3D CAD for engineering students has been changed from the theoretical lecture to practical design training using commercial CAD software. As a result, open-ended design projects have replaced the traditional theoretical examinations to evaluate students' outcomes. However, such design projects are not enough to evaluate students' outcomes because their results are expressed in two-dimensional ways. In this paper, applications of 3D printing in engineering design education are discussed by describing the procedure and outcomes of design projects. It was found that the use of 3D printing could improve students' outcomes by fabricating real physical models out of their designs.

본 연구는 Plant Engineering 업무를 수행하는 복합공정 설계부서원을 대상으로 과업갈등과 관계갈등이 직무소진에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이들의 관계에서 성취동기의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 설계업무 종사자 483명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과업갈등과 관계갈등은 직무소진의 하위변인인 정서적 고갈과 냉소주의에 유의미한 정적인(+) 상관이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 과업갈등 및 관계갈등과 성취감 감소와의 관계에서 관계갈등은 냉소주의에 유의미한 부(-)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 과업갈등은 유의미한 영향을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 과업갈등과 상호작용하는 조절 변인 중 도전의식, 모험심, 책임감만 정서적 고갈에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 갈등은 소진의 예측변인으로서 유의미하고 성취동기는 이들 변인에 대하여 일부 조절효과를 가지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 갈등을 과업갈등과 관계갈등으로 세분화하여 연구를 수행한 결과 갈등과 소진의 관계에서 관계갈등의 영향력이 과업갈등보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 소진에 미치는 영향에서 과업갈등과 관계갈등 간에 차이가 있음이 확인된 것으로 예방과 관리가 차별적으로 수행되어야 할 필요성을 검증하고 제안한 것에 의의를 가진다. 마지막으로 연구결과에 대한 논의와 추후연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. 그리고 소진의 예방과 치유를 위한 상담적 방안에 대하여 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of task and relationship conflict on job burnout and the moderating effects of achievement motivation of engineers in plant design and engineering division. To study this investigation, 483 questionnaires were collected from the staff in big and medium size engineering companies in Seoul. The result of this study was summarized as below; Firstly, task and relationship conflicts have positive relationship on emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Secondly, relationship conflicts have negative relationship on reduction of accomplishment but task conflicts showed no relation on it. Thirdly, interaction effects of task and relationship conflict, and achievement motivation showed significant moderating effects on job burnout partially. In conclusion, conflicts were identified as significant predictor variable on job burnout and achievement motivation showed the moderating effects partially. Accordingly, as per meaningful results of this study, it was proposed ideas to utilize these results in counseling for prevention of job burnout.

본 연구는 간사이 공학을 토대로 모바일웹 매거진에 대한 디자인 개선안을 연구하였다. 우선, 설문조사를 통한 요소 분석으로 데이터를 수집한 뒤, 이를 모바일웹 매거진의 모바일 웹 사용자 인터페이스의 디자인 요소와 연결시켜 사용자가 느끼는 감정과 밀접한 디자인 요소를 도출하였다. 도출된 감성 요소를 유니버설디자인의 방법론에 적용하여 도출된 디자인방향대로, '매력있는', '개방적인', '개성있는' 등 각 감성요인과 밀접한 관계가 있는 요소인 슬라이드의 디자인, 텍스트의 배치, 이미지의 비중 등을 개선하여 모바일웹 매거진 디자인 프로토타입에 적용하였다. 전문가 인터뷰를 통해서 제안 설계의 가능성을 확인하였다.

In this research, a design of mobile web magazine based on Kansei engineering is studied. Following the procedure of Kansei engineering, we executed user survey to discover latent emotion elements in mobile web magazine, which were 'attractive', 'open', and 'unique'. Corresponding design elements were found to be slide design, text layout, and proportion of image. The methodology of universal design was adopted to improves on those design elements so that the proposed design can be applicable to wide range of users. We could verify the potential of the proposed design method through expert interviews on the developed prototype mobile web magazine.

In this work, rapid prototyping and three-dimensional finite element analysis are simultaneously applied to the die design of metal forming processes. Rapid prototyping is a new prototyping technology which produces three-dimensional part models directly from CAD data and has been extensively applied to various manufacturing processes. There are many types of rapid prototyping systems due to their building principles and materials. In this work, Stereolithography Apparatus(SLA), which is the most widely used rapidprototyping system, is introduced to manufacture the die set. For general preparation of STL file, which is the standard input file of rapid prototyping system, mesh data which are used in describing the die surface in finite element analysis are translated so that rapid prototyping and finite element analysis are dffectively connected. A die set for spider forging and a clover punch for deep drawing section are manufactured effciently using SLA prototypes, and metal forming experiments are carried out using them. Comparing the result of experiments with that of analyses, the processes can be predicted and designed successfully.