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Purpose: This study aims to induce interest in the future society that could change with the advance of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It also intends to identify the direction of university education by investigating the perception of university students majoring in dental laboratory technology about the latest technology used in this era. Methods: The study recruited 240 college students majoring in dental laboratory technology at K and D universities in Gangwon-do and Daejeon, respectively. Online and face-to-face surveys were conducted from March 20, 2022 to April 10, 2022. Results: Although their interest in the use of emerging technologies during the 4th Industrial Revolution was above average 3.85, the dental laboratory technology students exhibited relatively high levels of anxiety 3.19 and reluctance 2.96. Second, their interest in emerging technologies demonstrated positive correlations with major satisfaction and understanding of concepts and readiness, whereas reluctance and anxiety pointed to negative correlations with understanding of the concepts of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Conclusion: Formulating guidelines is necessary to help students increase their understanding of the 4th Industrial Revolution and prepare them appropriately by setting an educational direction that can flexibly respond to the rapidly changing industrial environment.

The population of adults diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) is increasing along with the survival rate of children born with the disability. Adults with CP need health services for the continued monitoring and management of their condition. Moreover, the development of additional health problems in adulthood increases the need for ongoing access to health services. Adults with CP manifest a higher rate of chronic health conditions and eventual decline in strength and functional reserve, deterioration in physical activity, increased risk of musculoskeletal complications, and gradual changes in swallowing ability. They are also reported to exhibit difficulty engaging socially and have a low health-related quality of life (QOL). However, there are a large number of adults with CP who cannot access medical services adequately and are therefore not effectively treated. To overcome these apparent challenges, we need to fully comprehend the healthcare needs of adults with CP to develop adult-focused health services. Further research is needed regarding the impact of physical activity, nutrition, sarcopenia, myeloradiculopathy, and swallowing function on QOL.

The COVID-19 pandemic has halted activities in the global tourism industry, and the situation has only been worsened by the general air of uncertainty and lack of effective vaccinations. Consequently, people have begun testing various remedies to enhance their immunity, primarily turning to traditional medical practices and home remedies. The medicinal use of spices, given their immune-boosting properties, is increasingly popular globally and has enhanced global awareness of spices and their products. In light of this surging popularity, this study examines spice tourism as a concept of niche tourism. This study proposes spice tourism as a valuable post-COVID-19 strategy by providing four different approaches to position spice tourism within special interest tourism. This paper also suggests a tourism development plan for spice tourism and proposes a strategy for its resilience post-COVID-19.

The inevitable integration of critical infrastructure to public networks has exposed the underlying industrial control systems to various attack vectors. In this paper, we model multi-stage crypto ransomware attacks, which are today an emerging cyber threat to critical infrastructure. We evaluate our modeling approach using multi-stage attacks by the infamous WannaCry ransomware. The static malware analysis results uncover the techniques employed by the ransomware to discover vulnerable nodes in different SCADA and production subnets, and for the subsequent network propagation. Based on the uncovered artifacts, we recommend a cascaded network segmentation approach, which prioritizes the security of production network devices.

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Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of the most significant recent emerging infectious diseases, has evolved into a global pandemic, resulting in an unprecedented public health crisis with substantial morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the care experiences of nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory interview study. This study was conducted from August 2022 to January 2023. Participants were recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan. A purposive sampling approach was employed to select the participants, and in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 30 individuals. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The findings of this study revealed five themes that summarized the care experiences of participants during the COVID-19 pandemic, enhanced nursing competence in pandemic mitigation, adherence to clear safety measures, effective adaptation to the stress of the "unknown," and recognition of the meaning of the pandemic mitigation experience. Conclusion: This study informs pandemic readiness for nurses and policy enhancement. Medical institutions and governments must prioritize policies ensuring staffing, PPE access, and mental health support. Educators and administrators should elevate on-the-job crisis management training. Future planning should cater to Taiwanese nurses' needs during unforeseen crises such as COVID-19.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of nurse managers in clinical nursing education during an emerging infectious disease outbreak. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurse managers from seven general or tertiary hospitals, each with 300 or more beds, in South Korea. Data were collected between February 17 and June 10, 2023, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four themes and 11 subthemes were identified. Nurse managers faced significant challenges in departmental management during the infectious disease outbreak, encountered a wide range of student attitudes toward learning, adapted their teaching methods flexibly in response to changing infectious disease conditions, and ultimately found meaning in the irreplaceable value of clinical practice education. Conclusion: During the emerging infectious disease outbreak, nurse managers not only encountered substantial difficulties but also experienced professional growth as clinical nursing educators. To enhance clinical nursing education in such challenging environments, it is essential to minimize uncertainty caused by infectious diseases and foster positive perceptions among nursing students regarding clinical practice education under restrictive circumstances. Institutional support is also necessary to reduce the work burden on nurse managers.

As a new paradigm, semantic communication (SC) is attracting attention as the next-generation communication. In order to develop semantic communication systems, the research trend is to adopt deep learning networks with the best performance in each field of deep learning. Deep-learning based SC systems are task-dependent because the deep networks employed are specialized to perform specific tasks. Therefore, SC systems cannot be used for users using applications that do not work with the deep networks exploited by the SC systems. Such users still should be served by a traditional communication (TC) system. Hence, in the near future, communication networks will face the coexistence of both SC system and TC system, and thus a base station (BS) has to simultaneously transmit symbol streams encoded by an SC system and a TC system via orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. Although the current works verify that SC systems outperform a TC system in a point-to-point communication, it is necessary to analyze whether the introduction of SC systems can also improve the network performance provided by a BS. In this paper, we investigate the impact of introducing the new emerging semantic communication on network performance by modeling signal-to-noise ratio of SC users served by SC systems and analyzing sum-rate maximization with a minimum required SNR constraint for SC users. Via extensive numerical results, changes in network performance with and without an SC system are discussed with varying the distances from a BS, the number of SC users served by an SC system, and the degree of SC performance.

The aim of this study is to determine the tea and coffee consumption habits of individuals in Adana and ?zmir and to identify how the new trends are effective in consumption patterns. Therefore, the research is based on a comparison of two cities with distinctive culinary culture. Questionnaire technique was used to collect the data. Surveys were administered to 806 people in Adana and ?zmir, Turkey. The research shows that tea is preferred in Adana (63.3%), whereas participants in ?zmir opt for coffee (53.4%). The ratio of tasting international regional coffees is higher in ?zmir than in Adana. In both cities, black tea and Turkish coffee are among the most consumed drinks. Despite the increasing tendency of foreign beverages due to the impact of globalization, the local people kept their interest in tea and Turkish coffee drink which is a component of the national intangible cultural heritage of Turkey. It is recommended that foreign businesses should include these traditional drinks on the menu.

This study examined how the quality of the relationship with the deceased, caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors, self com- passion, and meaning reconstruction influence posttraumatic growth (PTG) in emerging adults. Furthermore, it investigated whether caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors moderate this relationship. An online survey was conducted with young adults aged 19?29 years who experienced the loss of a parent. Data from 137 participants were analyzed. The results showed that, first, self-compassion and meaning reconstruction fully mediated the relationship between the quality of the relationship with the deceased and PTG. Second, caregivers’ grief facilitation behaviors significantly moderated the relationship between meaning reconstruction and PTG. These findings suggest that clinical interventions aimed at enhancing self compassion, meaning reconstruction, and caregivers’ grief facilitating behaviors are effective and essential for adaptation following be- reavement.

Purpose: This study investigates the mediating effect of patient safety culture on the relationship between professionalism, self-leadership, and compliance with infection prevention activity against emerging respiratory infectious diseases among nurses working in geriatric long-term care hospitals. Methods: In total, 136 nurses from eight geriatric long-term care hospitals were invited to participate. For the statistical analyses, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses were employed. The mediating effect was analyzed using the three-step mediation procedure of Baron and Kenny in hierarchical regression, and the significance of the mediating effect was tested using the Sobel test. Results: Patient safety culture had a full mediating effect on the relationship between professionalism and compliance with infection prevention activity (Z=3.14, p=.001) and a full mediating effect on the relationship between self-leadership and compliance with infection prevention activity (Z=3.37, p<.001). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that a higher patient safety culture within the organization further enhances compliance with infection prevention activity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies to enhance nurses’ professionalism and self-leadership, as well as to improve organizational patient safety culture for the infection control in geriatric long-term care hospitals.

Purpose: Based on the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study investigated how age group (adolescence and emerging adulthood) moderated the relative effects of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and subjective norms on preventive behavior against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This secondary data analysis utilized data from adolescents (n=272) and emerging adults (n=239). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the moderating effect of age group on the relationships among variables. Results: Higher perceived susceptibility (β=.21, p<.001), perceived severity (β=.14, p=.002), subjective norms (friends) (β=.26, p<.001), subjective norms (parents) (β=.44, p<.001), and subjective norms (schools) (β=.28, p<.001) enhanced COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Moderated regression analysis showed that subjective norms (friends and school) impacted preventive behavior in adolescents more than in emerging adults. Conclusion: Given the need to increase perceived susceptibility and severity among adolescents and emerging adults, these findings provide baseline data for designing effective COVID-19 prevention interventions that consider the developmental characteristics of different age groups. Interventions by health centers at universities can strengthen COVID-19 preventive behavior among emerging adults. As adolescents are influenced by friends, their peer roles must be strengthened to enhance adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines.

Wi-Fi, a well-established communication technology for various applications of wireless networking, has seen its share of its evolution. In this survey, we briefly explain this trend as well as its current technological improvements in IEEE standardization and activities in Wi-Fi Alliance to understand its direction in the future.

Although commonly thought of as a monolingual nation, South Korea, under the influence of globalization, is in the midst of a change that could see this dominant monolingual discourse challenged. To reveal and understand this potential challenge, the current study uses the constructs of investment, capital, ideologies and identity to see how the ideology of neoliberalism has influenced the language learning identities of university students studying English in a single South Korean vocational university. This is done by taking into account the perspectives of both university instructors and university students. By employing narrative frame data collection methods, coupled with asynchronous interviewing techniques, the qualitative study reveals that the symbolic capital that English embodies for students is potentially changing how the language identities of these students should be understood. Such a change has a number of implications for English education within South Korea in terms of generalized designations such as EFL and non-native identity markers.

Though, the existence of Corporate Governance issues are always there since the existence of business organization, it has gained a significant attention in last three decades. The prevalence of bankruptcy and financial scams of large companies worldwide like world.Com, Enron, Tyco International, HIH Insurance, Paramalat and Satyam and recent saga of Infosys Limited in our own country becameexamples of laxity of good governance.In the entire corporate governance mechanism, board structure is the most important factor.It is the body, which is responsible to approve strategic decision, which in turn decides the future of the organization.As suggested by the recent studies, one of the significant ways to enhance the quality of corporate governance practices and performance of the company, is to include women directors in the board of directors. In this study, efforts are made to investigate the significance of Board Gender Diversity and to investigate the relationship between firm performance and board diversity. It is an analytical study, where BSE Sensex data are used. The period is of ten years and total 30 company’s data are analyzed. Board Gender Diversity used as proxy variables for corporate governance practices and Return on Asset as a measure for performance of selected firms.

The recent popularity of contemporary gugak (Korean traditional music) and performing arts in Britain is on the rise, and this is attributed to a combination of young Korean artists’ creativity and the aid of cultural agencies of both Korea and the U.K. with perfect timing. Along with the K-pop’s popularity, this resulted from the success of a series of the K-Music concerts (the fourth time in the 2017 season) performed by the young creative Korean performers who pursues global communications. These regular concerts initiated at the suggestion of strategic partnerships and cultural exchange between Korean and Britain by the UK government official in 2012. The year was momentous both for Korean music and Korean culture collectively called ‘Hallyu (Korean Wave)’ when Gangnam Style by Psy reached the top U.K. single chart through YouTube and the large scale of Korean festival took place in London during the London Olympic Games. These two crucial events fueled not only the spread of Hallyu, but the catalyst for major attraction of contemporary gugak in Britain. Shown in its recent concert series performed for the committed British audience, it will be a turning point in the history of Korean music. At present contemporary gugak is seen as great potential for the promotion of Korean cultural exports. This article examines the processes and background of contemporary gugak gaining the global status within the context of Britain.