Earticle

The purpose of this study is the analysis on the characteristics of residents' participation for the comprehensive rural village development project by progress phase (preparation, planning, propulsion systems set up and valuation phases). For that, 169 promotion committee and ordinary residents in the 29 rural villages in Gyeongbuk province which are subject to comprehensive development were selected for questionnaire covering 16 days from April 15 to 30, 2009. The questionnaire was put into -test and t-test with SPSS 17.0, and the results are as below. First, in the preparation phase, initiation of comprehensive rural village development project was proposed mostly by the villages leaders or the local governments, while the ordinary residents were aware of the project later than promotion committee along with they showed a low level in joining education prepared for themselves. Second, in planning phase, the ordinary residents showed lower participation level compared with the promotion committee in vision sharing, awareness level of project contents, participation level in selecting project by sector, and in the role between the objects of planning set up. Third, in promotion system establishment phase, the ordinary residents showed lower participation level and lower awareness levels than promotion committee in promotion committee activities, village development council activities, local governments' roles. Fourth, the residents satisfaction about participating in comprehensive rural village development project appeared high in general. But the satisfaction levels of the general residents about the planning phase and about the promotion committee activities in promotion system setup phase appeared low.

이 연구는 농촌마을종합개발사업을 통해 조성된 경상북도 상주시 녹동귀농마을에 거주하는 주민들을 대상으로 귀농마을에 대한 만족도를 대상으로 한다. 녹동귀농마을은 기존의 하향식 개발 방식에서 벗어나 주민참여를 바탕으로 한 상향식 개발 방식을 기반으로 조성된 마을로 지역역량강화사업을 통해 주민교육을 실시하였고, 사업의 계획과정에서 주민들이 참여하여 사업을 진행하였다. 이에 녹동마을에 거주하고 있는 거주민들의 사업에 대한 인식조사를 실시하여 성공적인 귀농정착을 위한 정책적 방안을 모색하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 주요 연구방법으로는 설문조사를 실시하였으며 수집된 데이터를 바탕으로 요인분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 농촌 생활만족도에 영향을 주는 요인은 물리적 사업(+)과 프로그램 사업(+)의 순으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 행정지원 서비스(-) 요인은 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 농촌 커뮤니티 만족도에 영향을 주는 요인은 물리적 사업(+), 자연환경(+), 프로그램 사업(+) 요인 순으로 나타났다. 귀농마을조성사업에 대한 귀농자들의 평가를 통해 농촌생활환경 만족도와 농촌 커뮤니티 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 규명하였다는 의미를 부여할 수 있으며, 향후 공공자원의 투자를 통해 사업을 시행할 시 세부사업항목의 우선순위를 정하는데 정책적 시사점을 제공할 수 있다고 판단된다.

The Comprehensive Rural Village Development Projects tries to provide variousservices for urban to rural immigrants to enhance quality of life and rural development. Especially, Nok-dong village, Sangju-City, Gyoungsangbuk-do, has been a famous case forits bottom-up approach for rural development with citizen participation. Thus, it iscrucial to understand villagers’ recognition and satisfaction of the project for furtherpolicies. This study adopts survey methods to estimates the satisfaction of the projects. Then, further it utilizes factor analysis and regression analysis for detailed examination. The key results of analysis show that the improvement of rural life satisfaction isstatistically influenced by both physical projects and strategic programs. However,administrative programs negatively impact on the improvement of rural life satisfaction. The improvement of rural community satisfaction is statistically influenced by physicalprograms, environment, and strategic programs respectively. This study provides empiricalexperiences to comprehend important components for rural development. Particularly,this will contribute to enhance policies for appropriate future rural development. Moreover, it will assist to provide policy guidelines for urban to rural immigrants’s lifeand community satisfaction.

This study identified the variables affecting the economic achievement on the basis of the satisfaction with project and demographic variables associated with the project in relation to the effect of the comprehensive rural village development project on the income of residents in order to set the direction for the comprehensive rural village development project. The results of study indicated the followings: First, The variance analysis on the positive effect of the comprehensive rural village development project showed that there were difference in terms of the growth in the number of visitors, rising land price, and living environment improvement depending on the regional area, while the negative effect varied in all sectors depending on the region. Second, The results of logistics regression analysis, which was performed to examine the variables pursuant to the satisfaction with project influencing the income increase of regional residents, suggested that only the income base factor had the significant meaning. Third, the logistics regression analysis on the factors affecting the economic achievement of the comprehensive rural village development project, which was conducted by applying the demographic variables, showed that personal income were more likely to increase when the residents education level was high and the farming scale(specifically, the self farming area) was large.

This study aimed to explore the methods to provide life service for hinterland villages, which is the biggest function of the seat of myeon in rural areas, and enhance central functions/roles. This study also aimed to provide basic information to establish a direction of the future projects of the seat of myeon through empirical study on the comprehensive improvement projects of the seats of eup and myeon and related demanders' perception for sustainable rural area. Based on the results, a variety of hardware manuals are correspondent with present rural situations in the comprehensive improvement projects of the seats of eup and myeon. Therefore, community-based welfare facilities should be expanded. Also, village infrastructure facilities and village landscape projects should be promoted to improve pedestrian environment. Finally, switching into an ecological environment project should be considered to improve village environment as well as supply energy saving facilities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual situation of residents' participation in rural development projects, to identify their performance and problems, and suggest ways to develop desirable villages in rural areas. From reviewing relevant pre-studies, this study was done by interview, questionnaire, and observation targeting 140 leaders and residents of exampled village of the project in Jeollanam-do, as well as by listening opinions of relative experts. This study is largely classified into 4 parts, review of character and appearing background of village development project, review of theoretical discussion about residents' participation, evaluation of accomplishments and analysis of participation, and establishing a model for habitants-participating village development project and how to improve it. As a result of questionnaire, it was found urgent for habitants to convert their thinking about village development and their participation in it, to realize a model of this project, as well as political stimulus to promote that. Therefore, measures must be required to improve current village development projects and to promote them. First of all, a preparation period is required to sufficiently provide the village where habitants are willing to participate in, from the state of place selection. Besides, it is required to run away from profit-making businesses aiming at foreign people, to improvement of residents' welfare in a long term, and enhanced resources management in a broad view. Waste of working expenses seems to be solved through direct operation by a corporation in charge of profit-making businesses, under superstition of residents' community. Finally conclusion, expansion and practicalization of education to residents are essential, to promote their participation in rural development projects. Especially it must be practical education for habitants such as 'community-ship' or 'technology education in each interesting part,' rather than tour of other villages and unilateral lectures from experts. Along with this, a long term plan and systematic participation is more essential. Since planning itself can be mutual learning to enhance residents' capacity, a chance must be established to discuss and plan each part including resources-research, by making them participate in.

2004년부터 시작된 농촌마을종합개발사업은 농촌마을의 경관개선, 생활환경정비 및 주민소득기반 확충 등을 통해 쾌적한 농촌정주공간을 조성하고자 농촌마을의 특성을 살리고 전통적인 농촌다움을 회복하면서 살기 좋은 마을을 건설하는데 정책목표를 두고 있다. 이 사업은 농촌마을의 특성을 살리고 전통적인 농촌다움을 회복하면서 살기 좋은 마을을 건설하자는 것이다. 본 연구는 이천시 서경권역 농촌마을종합개발사업을 추진함에 있어 기본계획 수립을 위한 마을특성 및 개발수요를 분석하고, 이를 토대로 개발구상과 추진전략을 제시하였다. 사례 마을인 서경권역은 전통식품영농법인을 설립하여 된장, 고추장, 간장 등 전 통식품을 생산하여 상품화를 시도하고 있으며, 임금님표 이천쌀 생산단지인 서경들이 펼쳐져 있다. 슬로푸드 마을로도 지정을 받아 도시민들로부터 주목을 받기도 하였으며, 도예가, 짚공예 등 체험을 진행할 수 있는 인적자원을 다수 보유하고 있어 도농교류 동력으로 활용이 용이하다는 평가이다. 특히, 서경권역은 경기도 남부지역으로서 수도권에 해당됨에도 불구하고 개발압력을 비교적 덜 받은 마을이다. 이는 농촌다움을 회복시키는데 있어 비교적 좋은 여건을 지니고 있는 것이다. 반면, 여느 농촌마을과 마찬가지로 농촌인구의 지속적인 감소와 고령화 현상으로 인하여 역동성이 떨어지고, 쌀생산 중심의 단일작물 산업구조로 인한 한계도 존재하고 있다. 마을주민의 개발수요를 파악함에 있어 생활에 대해서는 비교적 만족하고 있으나, 불만족의 사유로는 농가소득의 문제를 가장 크게 꼽았으며, 이 외에 발전전망에 대한 비관적인 인식, 낙후된 생활환경 등이다. 한편, 주민들은 마을의 농촌관광의 측면에서 자신감을 보이고 있으며, 사업에 대한 참여의지, 마을공동체에 대한 중요성도 잘 인지 하고 있다. 이에 따라 기본계획에서는 “마음의 고향, 따듯한 고향 만들기”로 삼고, 인근 서울, 대도시 시민들이 향수를 느낄 수 있는 마을로 가꾸되, 마을주민의 최우선 바램인 소득향상을 위한 사업계획을 추진하는데 무게를 두었다. 특히, 정리가 잘된 농경지를 중심으로 친환경농업을 확대하고 명품 쌀 재배단지와 전통장류, 슬로푸드 마을이 있는 농업지역으로서 품격을 높이는 한편, 아름다운 마을가꾸기를 통한 이미지 부각으로 농촌마을의 생활환경 및 경관정비, 도농교류 활성화에 중점을 두었다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest implications by the comprehensive rural village development project for the Icheon Seokyung village. These have been initiated for different reasons, including organic farming, green-tourism, and government-led demonstrations of environmentally sustainable agriculture and rural villages. The implication of this analysis is as followings. First, the partnership between public and private sectors is a prerequisite for successful development project. Second, the endogenous development capacity should be accumulated so flexible and realistic judgement.

농촌마을종합개발사업의 시행에 따른 경제적 성과인 사업에 대한 주민만족도와 개인소득증가에 영향을 미치는 변인을 요인분석을 통하여 추출한 요인점수와 인구통계학적 변수를 설명변수로 설정하여 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 주민만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 생활편의요인, 소득기반요인, 역량강화요인, 마을경관요인 순으로 큰 영향력을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며 통계적으로도 유의하였다. 다음으로 소득증가에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 살펴보기 위하여 개인소득증가여부를 종속변수로, 요인분석 결과 추출된 4개 요인을 독립변수로 하여 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시한 결과 마을경관요인과 역량강화요인이 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이러한 현상은 최근 농촌마을종합개발사업의 사례분석 및 문제점 진단을 통해 나타난 결과로 사업운영능력의 유무가 소득증대에 중요한 영향력을 행사하고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 인구통계학적변수 중에서는 참여자격과 영농규모가 소득증대에 영향력을 미치고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 일반주민 참여자보다 운영위원자격으로 참여할 경우와 영농규모가 큰 주민일수록 개인소득이 증가할 확률이 높다는 것을 시사한다.

It was found that the satisfaction with project was influenced the most by the life convenience factor, followed by the income base factor, capability reinforcement factor, village landscape factor according to the results of regression analysis conducted by setting the factor scores and demographic variables as explanation variables, which were derived through the factor analysis of variables affecting the income increase and satisfaction with project -the economic achievement- in the wake of the implementation of the comprehensive rural village development project. The logistics regression analysis, performed by setting the 4 derived factors as independent variables, indicated that the village landscape factor and capability reinforcement factor were statistically significant based on the results of factor analysis in which the existence of personal income increase was determined as dependent variables in order to examine the variables influencing the income increase. This phenomenon was identified through the case analysis of the recent comprehensive rural village development project and diagnosis of related problems, and suggests that the project operation ability affects the income increase significantly. In addition, the results of analysis showed that the eligibility of participation and farming scale had an impact on the income increase among the demographic variables. In other words, personal income is more likely to increase if a person participates as a member of steering committee rather than ordinary resident and if the resident's farming scale is larger.

The purpose of this study is to construct a quantitative evaluation method that can analyze the policy effectiveness with the construction of a implicit composite index incorporating spatial econometrics models. In order to propose a methodological framework for the program evaluation, this study conducts an empirical analysis with the application of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project (CRVDP) which explicitly claims to achieve comprehensive goal of community development. The present study pays particular attention to quantifying the composite evaluation index and drawing net effect through the application of a series of spatial econometrics models. The spatial unit of the analysis is drawn at Eup-Myeon level in rural areas in Korea, and the time horizon is in between 2005 and 2010. We utilize the Korean Agricultural Census data in 2005 and 2010. Three steps of methodological processes are needed to satisfy the objective of the present study. First, we apply factor analysis to construct the composite index that represents comprehensive settlement environment in rural area. The index should be matched with the main objective of the CRVDP. Second, we apply the derived index to a series of spatial econometrics model as dependent variable. Lastly, utilizing the estimated coefficients of the econometrics models, we apply decomposition technique to estimate CRVDP's net effect from both cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. We find that the results of the decomposition analysis by the execution of the CRVDP are positively associated with the explicit object of the project.

In this study, the relative importance for the perception of managers on the comprehensive rural village development projects was evaluated using the AHP method. The fields for evaluation were 4 fields including human relationships, working conditions, work compensation and work burnout. Also, the relative importance for the perception of managers and priority order were analyzed through 15 evaluation items. The analysis result shows that the human relationships among 4 fields were regarded as the most important field, followed by work compensation, working conditions and work burnout. Also, the relationship with the chairperson for the human relationships, continuity of employment for the working conditions, salary for work compensation, and mental stress for work burnout were considered respectively as the most important item. Also, salary among all evaluation items was considered as the most important item for the relative importance, followed by continuity of employment, relationship with village residents and mental stress. However, work load, consulting firms, impersonal treatment and the relations between the administration showed relatively low importance and priority order. It is considered that this analysis result will be used as important preliminary data for establishing the role of manager in the comprehensive rural village development project.

This study aims to analyze the affecting factors-construction of collaborative planning process and effect on Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project. To this end, targeting the 36 districts which were selected for 2004 Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project and completed their 2010 5-year projects, components of collaborative planning process and planning effect will be drawn and the affecting factors-construction of collaborative planning and effect on Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project will be analyzed below. According to the results of this study, the affecting factors of collaborative planning process of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project on planning effect, The level of effect of individual component on endogenous variable appeared greatest mostly in the upper groups. In terms of the level of individual component effect, social learning process and interaction among participants affected greatest. The process of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project is evaluated that it reflected collaborative planning theory of Healey enough. Therefore, in the course of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project progress, collaborative planning model must pass social learning process and interaction among participants which are the most important components out of collaborative planning process as we saw in the upper groups. And in order to maximize the performance and results of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project, the following sequential affecting factors model as Figure 7 must be suggested as optimal collaborative planning models of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project. Based on the results of the study, the policy implication was drawn as follows. First, systematic supplementations in the form of a consultative body are required to perform Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project efficiently. Second, network needs to be built among different participants in Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project process. Third, systematic mechanism is required to improve social learning among different participants. Fourth, systematic rearrangement is required to guarantee the residents' realistic participation in the course of Comprehensive Rural Village Development Project process.