Earticle

As the usage of smart phones increases, the characteristic of social interaction is changing. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of smart phones on the performance of communication and task-performance in temporary virtual teams using Media Synchronicity Theory (MST). „ccessibility‟is added to the model since it is a unique feature of smart phones. Task complexity moderates the positive relationship between media capabilities and performance. The familiarity of the media also influences the communication performance. This project is set to empirically test MST in a university setting. Consequently, this study provides opportunities for future research about smart phone‟ usability in virtual team projects and global organizations.

Although WAVE(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments) is a technology designed for the high-speed mobile environments, WAVE communication performance in a real road environment is highly dependent on the surrounding environments such as moving vehicles, road shape, and topography. In particular, when a vehicle moves at high speed, the location of the vehicle and its proximity to the road-side device are rapidly changed and thus affect communication performance. Accordingly, we build a performance evaluation system based on the WAVE-LTE network cooperative operation. We also analyzed the performance differences based on external environmental factors, such as information volume and velocity, from the data acquired through actual vehicle tests.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects simulation-based education combined team-based learning (SBE combined TBL) compared to simulation-based education (SBE) on undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pre-and posttest measures was used. The participants in the study were 181 students. The SBE combined TBL group consisted of 84 senior students in 2013, and the SBE group consisted of 97 seniors in 2014. Collected data were analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and ANCOVA with the statistical package SPSS 22.0 for Windows. Results: There was a significant improvement in communication skills, nursing performance confidence, team efficacy, and team performance scores in the SBE combined TBL group compared to the SBE group (t=2.45, p=.015; F=4.30, p=.040; t=3.06, p=.003; t=8.77, p<.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference in self-directed learning between the groups. Conclusion: SBE combined TBL compared to SBE is an effective teaching and learning method to enhance various positive educational outcomes for nursing students. Therefore, we suggest that future studies investigate the development of an integrated course in which team-based learning is applied to theoretical sessions and simulation-based training.

This paper proposed a new channel estimation scheme to enhance packet error rate (PER) performance in WAVE communication systems. The proposed scheme was based on conventional enhanced time domain reliable test frequency domain interpolation (ETRFI). PER performance was maximized by iteratively estimating and updating channel coefficients. In the proposed scheme, channel coefficients were initially estimated by the ETRFI scheme. Information bits were then decoded based on estimated channel values. After data symbols were reconstructed with a receiver using decoded information bits, channel coefficients were updated using reconstructed data symbols as pilot symbols. Data symbols reconstructed from decoded information bits showed very high accuracy. Its PER performance was better than performances of conventional schemes. Moreover, as the number of iterations increased, PER performance was further improved. The optimal number of iterations to maximize the PER performance was dependent on channel fluctuation. Therefore, as the channel varied rapidly in time and frequency domains, the optimal number of iterations also increased. Numerical results showed that the PER performance of the proposed scheme was better than those of conventional schemes. In addition, the optimal number of iterations was 2 in the channel environment of Cross Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) with 126km/h. On the other hand, it was 3 in Highway NLOS with 252 km/h which varied more rapidly than Cross NLOS in the time domain.

As a new paradigm, semantic communication (SC) is attracting attention as the next-generation communication. In order to develop semantic communication systems, the research trend is to adopt deep learning networks with the best performance in each field of deep learning. Deep-learning based SC systems are task-dependent because the deep networks employed are specialized to perform specific tasks. Therefore, SC systems cannot be used for users using applications that do not work with the deep networks exploited by the SC systems. Such users still should be served by a traditional communication (TC) system. Hence, in the near future, communication networks will face the coexistence of both SC system and TC system, and thus a base station (BS) has to simultaneously transmit symbol streams encoded by an SC system and a TC system via orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. Although the current works verify that SC systems outperform a TC system in a point-to-point communication, it is necessary to analyze whether the introduction of SC systems can also improve the network performance provided by a BS. In this paper, we investigate the impact of introducing the new emerging semantic communication on network performance by modeling signal-to-noise ratio of SC users served by SC systems and analyzing sum-rate maximization with a minimum required SNR constraint for SC users. Via extensive numerical results, changes in network performance with and without an SC system are discussed with varying the distances from a BS, the number of SC users served by an SC system, and the degree of SC performance.

For disaster exploration and surveillance application, this paper aims to present a novel application of a multi-robot agent based on WSN and to evaluate a multi-hop communication caused by the robotics correspondingly, which are used in the uncertain and unknown subterranean tunnel. A Primary-Scout Multi-Robot System (PS-MRS) was proposed. A chain topology in a subterranean environment was implemented using a trimmed ZigBee2006 protocol stack to build the multi-hop communication network. The ZigBee IC-CC2530 modular circuit was adapted by mounting it on the PS-MRS. A physical experiment based on the strategy of PS-MRS was used in this paper to evaluate the efficiency of multi-hop communication and to realize the delivery of data packets in an unknown and uncertain underground laboratory environment.

Base Station Controller which belongs to IMT-2000(International Mobile Telecommunication - 2000) network has several types of structure for efficient control protocol. This difference of structure occurs two different protocols for call handling. Recently the need of IMT-2000 is highly increasing, so it is important to analyze the performance of processors and IPC(Inter-Processor Communication) module with structure of BSC and protocol difference. This paper presents the performance comparison of different types of BSC in view of processor utilization, waiting time, queue length and QoS(Quality of Service) through the simulation model.

The block error probabilities of noncoherent frequency shift keying in a Nakagami fading channel are presented in this papaer. The channel fading speed, show or fast. is consider in evaluating block error probabilities. The effectiveness of diversity combing and error correction coding in improving block error performance is examined. The effect of cochannel interference on block error performance is also studied in this paper.

In this paper, we propose and analyze an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) short packet communication (SPC) system, where finite-size data packets are transmitted from a UAV to multiple users. The block error rate (BLER), throughput, and energy efficiency (EE) are used as metrics to evaluate the proposed system performance. We adopt the Gaussian-Chebyshev quadrature and the first-order Riemann integral to derive the approximate expressions of BLERs. The accuracy of the derived expressions is verified by presenting that numerical results are perfectly matched with analysis results. We also formulate optimization problems to maximize the throughput with respect to the number of transmitted bits and the altitude of the UAV. Numerical results in this paper provide useful knowledge about the relationships among BLER, throughput, EE, transmitted packet size, the altitude of the UAV, and the Rician factor.

The effect of different commercially available bedding materials on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of ducks for 42 days was investigated. 336 one-day-old White-Pekin ducklings (60.48 ± 0.16 g) were randomly allocated into 24-floor pens with one of the three beddings namely i) coco peat, ii) rice husks, or iii) sawdust. 14 ducklings per pen and 8 replicate pens per bedding material were used. Birds were fed a starter diet from days 1?21 and a grower diet from days 22?42. Weekly growth performance evaluation was conducted for the average body weight, weight gains, daily feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency. One bird per pen was sacrificed on day 42 for the evaluation of carcass characteristics including the carcass, breast, and leg muscle percentages. Breast and leg muscle samples were then collected and analyzed for their proximate and pH values. Higher body weights (p < 0.05) were noticed with rice husks on day 42 only. Improved daily gains (p < 0.05) were also noticed for birds raised with rice husks over the entire period (days 1?42). Concerning feed intake, higher values (p < 0.05) were similarly noted with rice husks for the grower phase (days 22?42), and the entire experimental period (days 1?42). Marginally improved feed intake values were also noted with the use of rice husks as the bedding materials on day 42 (p = 0.092). Improved feed efficiency (p < 0.05) was noticed with rice husks on day 35, the grower period, and the entire 42-day period. However, no significant differences were noticed for most of the carcass characteristics that were evaluated. Nevertheless, higher (p < 0.05) pH values for the breast muscle were noticed with the use of coco peat and sawdust as the bedding. Conclusively, the bedding type could have a significant impact on the growth performance of ducks without adverse effects on carcass characteristics. The use of rice husks as bedding might be advantageous and is therefore recommended.

We propose a method for optimizing multiple-drone pursuers’ performance in handling attacks from Kamikaze multiple-drone evaders on a battlefield. The central aspect of this problem is to minimize damage produced by evaders towards a defended area guarded by multiple-pursuers. We propose a communication strategy among pursuers where each pursuer can communicate with each other to decide which evaders should be chased and immobilized by each pursuer. We simulate the proposed method in a dynamic 3D environment. The simulation results conclude that our proposed method performs better than the commonly used algorithm for solving this kind of problem.

Recently, mobile communication systems are suffering from exponentially increasing data traffic. As a promising solution to the increase in data traffic, a coordinated multi-point transmission and reception (CoMP) scheme has been proposed. Although a great deal of research has been done on this new technology, the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP has not been evaluated properly in a typical indoor environment. To address this, we have developed a system-level simulator and evaluated the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP. Unlike previous works, we have used an actual antenna pattern in our simulator and link-level results are properly taken into account through link-level abstraction. By using a system-level simulator, we have evaluated the performance of mobile communication systems with CoMP in an indoor environment and found that unlike an outdoor cellular environment, CoMP may not improve the performance of overall mobile communication systems in an indoor environment.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk traits in South Korea using comprehensive data (dairy production and climate). The dataset for this study comprised 1,498,232 test-day records for milk yield, fat- and protein-corrected milk, fat yield, protein yield, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell score (SCS) from 215,276 Holstein cows (primiparous: n = 122,087; multiparous: n = 93,189) in 2,419 South Korean dairy herds. Data were collected from July 2017 to April 2020 through the Dairy Cattle Improvement Program, and merged with meteorological data from 600 automatic weather stations through the Korea Meteorological Administration. The segmented regression model was used to estimate the effects of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk traits and elucidate the break point (BP) of the THI. To acquire the least-squares mean of milk traits, the generalized linear model was applied using fixed effects (region, calving year, calving month, parity, days in milk, and THI). For all parameters, the BP of THI was observed; in particular, milk production parameters dramatically decreased after a specific BP of THI (p < 0.05). In contrast, MUN and SCS drastically increased when THI exceeded BP in all cows (p < 0.05) and primiparous cows (p < 0.05), respectively. Dairy cows in South Korea exhibited negative effects on milk traits (decrease in milk performance, increase in MUN, and SCS) when the THI exceeded 70; therefore, detailed feeding management is required to prevent heat stress in dairy cows.

Note that 40% of the world’s population, three billion people, live within 100 km of the ocean or seashore surfaces. To explore and experience marine life, human activities in ocean-based environments are increasing day-by-day. To make human activities safer and stronger, highly efficient and reliable wireless communication is crucial for conveying any unnatural things that occur in oceans. Exploring the vast environment is difficult because of its rapidly changing characteristics, which creates various levels of skip-zone, resulting in the loss of information. A re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted optical link is employed to mitigate the effects of skip-zones and enable high-speed and efficient communication links. In addition to this, it is also necessary to convey information to the coastal line through a RIS-assisted free-space optical (FSO) link. In this study, we propose a RIS-assisted dual-hop underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC)-FSO communication system. For the proposed RIS-based dual-hop UWOC-FSO system, closed-form expressions for the outage probability (OP), bit error rate (BER) for coherent and non-coherent type binary phase-shift keying, binary frequency shift keying modulation schemes are derived and results are corroborated with the Monte-Carlo simulations and asymptotic analysis.

본 연구는 종합병원 간호사를 대상으로 의사소통능력이 간호업무성과에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상은 2024년 12월 15일부터 30일까지 K시에 위치한 2개 종합병원에서 근무하는 간호사 217명이었으며, 자료는 자기기입식 설문지를 통해 수집되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 26.0 프로그 램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 의사소통능력과 간호업무성과의 평균 점수는 각각 3.57점과 3.82 점으로 나타났다. 두 변수 간에는 유의한 정적 상관관계가 확인되었다(r = .53, p < .001). 간호업무성과는 개인적 특성과 직무 관련 특성에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 다중회귀분석 결과, 수간호사 이상 직위, 임상경력, 의사소통능력이 간호업무성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났으며, 이들 변수는 간호업무성과 변량의 39%를 설명하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 종합병원 간호업무성과 향상을 위해 간호사의 의사소통능력 강화와 경력 개발, 근무환경에 대한 체계적인 지원의 중요성이 확인되었다.

This study examined the effects of communication competence on nursing job performance among nurses working in general hospitals. Data were collected from 217 nurses at two general hospitals in K city between December 15 and 30, 2024, using a selfadministered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. The mean scores for communication competence and nursing job performance were 3.57 and 3.82, respectively, and a significant positive correlation was found between the two variables (r= .53, p <.001). Nursing job performance differed significantly according to individual and jobrelated characteristics. Multiple regression analysis showed that holding a position of charge nurse or higher, greater clinical experience, and higher communication competence had significant effects on nursing job performance, explaining 39% of the variance. These results highlight the importance of enhancing nurses’ communication competence and supporting career development and work environments to improve nursing job performance in general hospitals.

본 연구는 커뮤니케이션 밀도와 및 커뮤니케이션 집중성이 어떻게 팀 성과에 영향을 미치는지 그 관련성을 파악하고자 진행된 실험실연구이다. 특히 기존 연구들과는 달리 팀성과를 팀효과성과 팀효율성으로 구분하여 이들 독립변수들이 어떤 차별적인 영향을 미치는지를 탐구하였다. 연구결과 커뮤니케이션 밀도가 높고, 커뮤니케이션 집중 도가 낮은 팀은, 혁신적이며, 정보공유와 지식 아이디어가 많고, 업무의 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 커뮤 니케이션 집중성이 높고, 밀도가 낮은 팀은 신속한 의사결정을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 집중성과 밀도가 동시에 낮은 팀은 보다 자율적인 팀으로 나타났다. 향후 연구에서는 실험실상황이 가져오는 외적 타당성의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 보다 현실적인 리더십, 조직풍토 등의 변수가 포함되어야 한다.

This is an experimental study which is designed to identify the joint relationship between communication density and centrality as independent factors to team performance, discovering how they would jointly affect work team performance. Specially different from existing studies, separating team performance into team efficiency and team effectiveness, we identified differential influences to the two independent factors. Findings suggest a competing relationship between communication density and centrality. A framework was proposed to help managers understand the joint effect of density and centrality on performance. Work team has high communication density and low centrality is “Innovating”, which is likely to have a great extent of ideas, knowledge and information sharing, and reach high effectiveness. Team with high centrality and low density is characterized as “centralized”. Such communication structure may reduce diversity of perspectives and accelerate team decision making. When both density and centrality are low, the team is “Autonomous”. To increase external validity, other factors such as leadership, organizational climate influencing on team performance should be reflected in the future research.

With the improvement of smart devices, network and cloud computing, and the development of mega platforms for on demand services, efficient and non-face-to-face smart-work environments are increasingly available without time and space constraints. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various elements of smart-work systems (smart-work knowledge, type of smart-work, smartwork technologies, organizational system) on the communication and collaboration of the organization. And then it is to reveal an important factor in enhancing effectiveness of smart-work and organizational performance and in demonstrating the value creation mechanism of smart-work system. To verify the research model, we utilize for smart-work awareness survey data of 800 government officials worked on 36 organizations as Korea 's public and research institutes. As a result, smart-work knowledge, types, technologies, and organizational system were found to enhance the communication of organizational members. On the other hand, types and technologies of smart-work promote collaboration, but smartwork knowledge and organizational system do not directly affect collaboration of organizational members. As with previous studies, communication and collaboration in the smart-work system showed positive effects in improving effectiveness of smart-work, and furthermore it was proved to be a leading factor in creating organizational performance. Through this study, Smart-work mechanism creates effectiveness and performance by strengthening communication and collaboration among the members of the organization.

In this study, an empirical analysis was conducted to determine whether the system quality, information quality, and service quality of outsourced e-communication channel services affects user satisfaction and user trust, whether user satisfaction and user trust affect individual performance and organizational performance, and whether individual performance and organizational performance are associated with one another. After conducting hypothesis tests for the whole survey data, it was concluded that user satisfaction and user trust would be affected by the system quality, information quality, and service quality of outsourced e-communication channels. It would also appear that user trust is associated only with individual performance, whereas user satisfaction was related closely to both individual and organizational performance. The trust that the user has in the outsourced e-communication channel services is positively related with individual benefits, but has no effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, the individual performance and organizational performance of outsourced e-communication channel services mutually influence one another. Additionally, this study attempted to evaluate the differences between factors influencing the performance of the outsourced e-communication channel services of profit and non-profit organizations. The results demonstrated that the factors affecting the performance of outsourced e-communication channel services differed between the profit and non-profit organizations. In the final section of this paper, the implications of our research findings are discussed and the limitations of the study are addressed.

Globally the workplace is becoming more heterogeneous in nature with people from different backgrounds and cultures interacting and working together to complete common tasks. However, work, advice, and information transfer are structured by network ties based on the principle of homophily. These workplace network ties influence job performance; the more direct ties employees have the higher their work performance. The implications are that in a highly diverse workplace, employees must either utilize heterophilous communication networks or decrease the number of direct ties thus leading to lower work performance. If neither of these occurs then the premise that more direct ties lead to better job performance cannot be generalized to highly diverse workplaces, thus other possibilities must be investigated. In our study we seek to find which of these scenarios ensue. We will conduct a field study in an energy company characterized by its high diversity of employees, surveying all 152, to better understand the interactions between heterophilous online and offline workplace communication networks and job performance.