Earticle

본 연구에서는 45세 이상의 비만 중인 여성 22명을 대상으로 12주간 유산소운동 트레이닝이 신체구성, 심혈관 기능, 인슐린저항성 그리고 렙틴에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였으며, 본 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유산소운동 트레이닝 집단의 체중, BMI, 체지방량, 그리고 체지방률에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단은 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 유산소운동 트레이닝 집단의 수축기혈압 그리고 평균동맥압에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다 셋째, 유산소운동 트레이 닝 집단의 글루코스에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 유산소운동 트레이닝 집단의 leptin에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의 한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 기술한 결과를 종합해 보면, 고강도 유산소 운동에 의하여 체중, BMI, 체지방량, 그리고 체지방률은 감소되고, 수축기혈압과 평균동맥압은 감소되는 것으로 나타났으며, 비만해소와 심혈관기능에 도 움을 주며, 글루코스의 감소와 랩틴 농도의 감소는 대사성 질환과 지질 대사의 개선에 긍정적으로 기인한 것으로 결론지 을 수 있다.

The study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition, cardiovascular function, insulin resistance and leptin of middle-age obese women. Twenty-two middle-age obese women were volunteered to participate in this study as subjects, and they were randomly assigned to either aerobic exercise training group(n=11) or control group(n=11). The subjects in aerobic exercise program for 50min/session, four times per week for 12 weeks, whereas subjects in control were asked to maintain their normal life pattern for the same intervention period. All subjects were asked not to change their physical activity pattern and energy intake throughout the intervention period. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Weight, BMI, fat mass and % body fat were significantly decreased in aerobic exercise training group. 2) Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased in aerobic exercise training group. 3) Glucose was significantly decreased in aerobic exercise training group. 4)The concentration of leotin significantly decreased in aerobic exercise training group. It was concluded that 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training would be beneficial for cardiovascular function, insulin resistance and leptin of middle-age obese women.

본 연구는 16주간, 제2형 당뇨병 노인여성으로 복합운동을 실시하여 인슐린 저항성과 심혈관 기능에 미치는 효과 를 규명하는데 목적이 있으며, 노인여성의 복합운동 프로그램을 실시하여 인슐린 저항성 변화는 공복혈당(p < 0.05), 공복 인슐린(p < 0.05), HOMA-IR(p < 0.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 심혈관기능의 변화는 수축기혈압(p < 0.05), 심박 수(p < 0.05), 일회박출량(p < 0.05), 평균동맥압(p < 0.05), 총혈관전도력(p < 0.05), 총말초혈관저항(p < 0.05)에서 효과 적인 차이가 나타났다. 16주간 복합운동이 제2형 당뇨병, 노인여성의 걷기운동과 튜빙운동이 제2형 당뇨병 노인여성의 운동 프로그램을 효과적인 운동방법으로 16주간 시행하고 운동시간, 강도, 빈도로 규칙적인 걷기와 튜빙운동 복합운동 프로그램을 시행하여야 한다.

This study investigated the effect on insulin resistance and cardiovascular function by performing complex exercise for 16 weeks in an elderly woman with type 2 diabetes, and conducting a complex exercise program for elderly women to determine insulin resistance changes in fasting blood sugar (p < 0.05), There was a significant difference in fasting insulin (p < 0.05) and HOMA-IR (p < 0.01). Changes in cardiovascular function include systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), heart rate (p < 0.05), stroke volume (p < 0.05), mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05), total vascular conductivity (p < 0.05), and total peripheral vascular resistance ( There was an effective difference at p < 0.05). 16 weeks of complex exercise for type 2 diabetes, elderly women's walking exercise and tubing exercise for type 2 diabetic elderly women are effective exercise methods for 16 weeks, and regular complex exercise programs with exercise time, intensity, and frequency. Should be implemented

본 연구에서는 성인 비만 여성 20명을 대상으로 9주간 댄스스포츠 트레이닝이 신체구성, 혈중지질, 유산소 능력 그리고 심혈관기능에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였으며, 본 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 댄스스포츠 트레이닝 집단의 체중, 신체질량지수 그리고 체지방률에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 둘째, 댄스스포츠 트레이닝 집단의 고밀 도 지단백 콜레스테롤에서만 유의하게 증가하였다. 셋째, 댄스스포츠 트레이닝 집단의 유산소 운동능력은 유의하게 증가 하였다. 넷째, 댄스스포츠 트레이닝 집단의 수축기혈압 그리고 평균동맥압에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 하지만 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 종합해 보면, 규칙적인 댄스스포츠 트레이닝은 신체구성, 혈중지질, 유산소 능력 그리고 심혈관 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 결론지을 수 있다.

The study was to examine the effects of dance sports training on body composition, blood lipid, aerobic capacity and cardiovascular function of adult obese women. Twenty adult obese women were volunteered to participate in this study as subjects, and they were randomly assigned to either dance sports training group(n=10) or control group(n=10). The subjects in dance sports training for 40min/session, four times per week for 9 weeks, whereas subjects in control were asked to maintain their normal life pattern for the same intervention period. All subjects were asked not to change their physical activity pattern and energy intake throughout the intervention period. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Weight, BMI and % body fat were significantly decreased in dance sports training group. 2)High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was significantly increased in dance sports training group. 3)Aerobic capacity was significantly increased in dance sports training group. 4)Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased in dance sports training group. It was concluded that 9 weeks of dance sports training would be beneficial for body composition, blood lipid, aerobic capacity and cardiovascular function of adult obese women.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the difference of % body fat on ST-segment and isokinetic muscle power. Among the body composition such as %body fat is the most common index of obesity. The subjects consisted total 60 adult woman subjects who was aged 42-58 years were checked by medical process and graded exercise testing(GXT). The subjects were divided into 3 groups: normal group(n=20) and over % fat group(n=20), obesity group(n=20). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of one-way Anova. Result of this study were as follows. Weight and %body fat, BMI were significantly(p<.05) higher obesity group than overweight group and control group. and Heart rate and blood pressure, RPP were higher obesity group than overweight group and control group. but Among groups were not significant. also, ST-segments were significantly(p<.05) decreased obesity group than control group. Peak O2 and exercise tine, isokinetic muscle strength were significantly(p<.05) higher control group than overweight group .and obesity group. Conclusionally, These results indicate that decreased Cardiovascular function and isokinetic muscle strength in obesity group.

본 연구에서는 8주간의 규칙적인 골프운동이 신체구성 및 혈관기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 비 만 중년여성 30명을 골프운동그룹 10명, 일반적인 헬스운동그룹 10명 및 비운동그룹 10명으로 구성하였으며, 신 체구성, 혈중 CRP 및 피브리노겐농도, 혈압 및 혈류 맥파속도 등의 변화를 분석하였다. 골프운동은 주당 1회의 18홀 라운딩과 2회의 1시간 연습장 스윙을 실시하였으며, 헬스운동은 주당 3회의 1시간 동안 유, 무산소성 운동 을 실시하였다. 골프운동그룹과 헬스운동그룹은 체중, 체지방률 및 BMI 모두 운동프로그램의 적용 후 유의하게 (p<0.05) 감소하였으며, 비운동그룹은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈중 CRP 및 피브리노겐 농도는 골프운동그룹과 헬 스운동그룹은 두 항목 모두 운동프로그램 수행 후 다소 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으나 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 요 골동맥의 혈류 맥파속도는 골프운동그룹과 헬스운동그룹은 모두 운동프로그램의 적용 후 유의하게(p<0.05) 감소하 였으며, 비운동그룹은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 주당 2차례의 1시간동안 골프 스윙운동과 1회의 라운딩을 실시한 경우에도 체중조절 및 혈관 염증방지 효과가 가능한 것으로 생각되며, 보다 현저한 효과를 기대 하기 위해서는 전체적인 운동량을 증가시킬 필요성이 있다고 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was an analysis of the changes of body composition, blood inflammatory markers, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) after general health exercise program or golf exercise 8 weeks in obese middle-aged women. Golf exercise program was a consisted of 18 hole rounding and golf swing exercise as frequency of 2 days per week and exercise duration of 1 four. Health exercise program was a consisted of aerobic and resistance exercise as frequency of 3 days per week and exercise duration of 1 four. We measured body composition (body weight, percentage of body fat, BMI), blood concentrations of CRP and fibrinogen, blood pressure and PWV. Body weight, percentage of body fat, and BMI were significantly (p<.05) decreased in two groups as golf exercise or health exercise after 8 weeks. Blood concentrations of CRP and fibrinogen, blood pressure were no significantly changed in all group, But PWV of left or right radial artery showed significant decrease after 8 weeks in two groups as golf exercise or health exercise. In conclusion, 8 weeks golf exercise program improves body composition and PWV in middle-aged obese women.

본 연구에서는 성인 비만 여성 20명을 대상으로 12주간 걷기운동 트레이닝이 신체구성, 혈중지질 그리고 심혈 관기능에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였으며, 본 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 걷기운동 트레이닝 집 단의 체중, BMI, 체지방량, 그리고 체지방률에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단은 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 걷기운동 트레이닝 집단의 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 유의하게 증가하였고, 총콜레스테롤은 유의하 게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 걷기운동 트레이닝 집단의 수축기혈압 그리고 평균동맥압에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 반면, 통제 집단의 경우 모든 항목에서 유의한 변화가 나타나 지 않았다. 이상에서 기술한 결과를 종합해 보면, 유산소 운동에 의하여 체중, BMI, 체지방량, 그리고 체지방률의 감소 와 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 및 총콜레스테롤의 감소는 비만해소와 지질대사에 도움을 주며, 수축기혈압과 평균동맥 압의 감소는 심혈관기능의 개선에 긍정적으로 기인한 것으로 결론지을 수 있다.

The study was to examine the effects of walking exercise training on body composition, blood lipid and cardiovascular function of adult obese women. Twenty adult obese women were volunteered to participate in this study as subjects, and they were randomly assigned to either walking exercise training group(n=10) or control group(n=10). The subjects in walking exercise training for 40min/session, four times per week for 12 weeks, whereas subjects in control were asked to maintain their normal life pattern for the same intervention period. All subjects were asked not to change their physical activity pattern and energy intake throughout the intervention period. Main results of the present study were as follows: 1) Weight, BMI, fat mass and % body fat were significantly decreased in walking exercise training group. 2)High density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) was significantly increased and total cholesterol was significantly decreased in walking exercise training group. 3)Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased in walking exercise training group. It was concluded that 12 weeks of walking exercise training would be beneficial for body composition, blood lipid and cardiovascular function of adult obese women.

본 연구의 목적은 16주간의 유도와 저항성 운동이 심혈관 및 혈관내피세포 기능에 미치 는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 대상자들은 실험군 10명, 통제군 10명으로 분류하였다. 심혈관 기능 검사는 수은혈압계를 이용하여 혈압을 측정하였으며, Physioflow를 이용한 심박수, 1회 박출량, 심박출량, 평균동맥압을 측정하였다. 혈관내피세포 기능 검사는 Pulse wave Doppler를 이용하여 안정시 혈관직경, 안정시 혈류량, 최대혈관직경, 최대혈류량을 0주와 16주 측정 분석하였다. 유도와 저항성 운동의 시기별 심혈관 기능의 통제군의 변화는 없었 다. 실험군의 심박수(-8.53%), 1회 박출량(5.84%), 심박출량(9.30%)은 유의한 차(p<.05, p<.01, p<.001)가 나타났으며, 실험군의 수축기 및 이완기혈압의 경우 통계적인 변화는 없 었다. 실험군의 평균동맥압(-6.77%)은 유의하게(p<.01) 감소 수준을 유지하여 개선된 심혈 관 기능의 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 혈관내피세포 기능의 경우 통제군은 각 시기 별 유의 한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 실험군의 경우 안정시 혈관직경(-2.68%)은 통계적인 유의수준 은 없었으며, 안정시 혈류량(128.6%), 최대혈류량(12.8%)은 유의하게(p<.05, p<.01) 높게 나 타났다. 혈관의 수축과 확장치를 예측할 수 있는 최대혈관직경(-4.36)의 경우 유의하게 (p<.05) 낮은 감소 수준을 나타냈으며, 혈관 확장기능의 개선 정도를 알 수 있는 %FMD (22.8%)는 유의하게(p<.001) 높은 증가를 나타냄으로서 혈관내피세포의 기능적 개선 정도 를 살펴볼 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 16주간의 주 4회 유도와 저항성 운동은 경찰전공 지망생들의 혈관계의 기능적 개선을 통해 추후 여학생들의 경찰임용을 대비한 효율적인 복합운동프로그램으로 권장하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of 16 weeks of induction and resistance exercise on cardiovascular and vascular endothelial function. The subjects were divided into 10 experimental groups and 10 control groups. For cardiovascular function tests, blood pressure was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer, and heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and mean arterial pressure were measured using Physioflow. For vascular endothelial cell function test, pulse wave Doppler was used to measure and analyze resting vessel diameter, resting blood flow, maximum vessel diameter, and maximum blood flow at 0 and 16 weeks. There was no change in cardiovascular function in the control group by period of induction and resistance exercise. There were significant differences (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001) in the heart rate (-8.53%), stroke volume (5.84%), and cardiac output (9.30%) of the experimental group. There was no statistical change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The mean arterial pressure (-6.77%) of the experimental group maintained a significant (p<.01) decrease level, and improved cardiovascular function could be observed. In the case of vascular endothelial cell function, the control group did not show significant changes at each time period. In the experimental group, there was no statistically significant level of blood vessel diameter at rest (-2.68%), and blood flow at rest (128.6%) and maximum blood flow (12.8%) were significantly (p<.05, p<.01) high. appear. The maximum vascular diameter (-4.36), which can predict the contraction and dilation of blood vessels, showed a significantly (p<.05) low level of decrease, and %FMD (22.8%), which can determine the degree of improvement in vasodilation function, By showing a significant (p<.001) high increase, it was possible to examine the degree of functional improvement of vascular endothelial cells. Therefore, induction and resistance exercise 4 times a week for 16 weeks in this study is recommended as an effective combined exercise program in preparation for female police officers in the future through functional improvement of the vascular system of aspiring police majors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III) on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function in the elderly (age, 60) who experienced acute myocardial infarction. Methods: The design of research was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were 10 people in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. The intervention program was the cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III), and was performed for 50 ~ 60 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. The dependent variables were the cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function. Results: Significant differences were shown in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, BMI, PT of the experimental group after the intervention. As for the differences in the amount of changes, there were differences among groups in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, PMET, and PT of the experimental group. Conclusion: The cardiac rehabilitation program(Phase III) may be effective in improving cardiovascular function and enhancing cardiorespiratory function in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.

본 연구는 스포츠마사지가 비만 중년여성의 심혈관계 기능과 혈당 및 신체조성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 실시하였다. Massage Group(MG)은 J군 여성문화교육에 참여한 스포츠마사지 수강생 중 BMI 25kg/m² 이상의 수강생 10명을 대상으로 1회 60분, 주 2회 씩 12주간 총 24회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 또한 Control Group(CG)은 BMI 25kg/m² 이상의 다른 과목 수강생 10명으로 아무런 처치를 하지 않았으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 최고혈압과 최저혈압 및 심박수는 CG의 경우 거의 변화가 없었으나 MG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 감소함을 볼 수 있다. 혈당은 CG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 증가하였으나, MG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 감소하였다. 또한 BMI와 체지방률은 CG의 경우 거의 변화가 없었으나, MG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 감소하였으며, 체지방량은 CG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 증가하였으나, MG의 경우 유의한 차이가 있게 감소하였다. 전체적으로 볼 때 스포츠마사지는 중년여성의 연령이 증가함에 축적되는 지방과 그로 인해 문제가 될 수 있는 심혈관계 기능 및 혈당에 긍정적인 효과가 있어 운동을 싫어하는 중년 여성의 효율적인 건강관리와 체형관리의 방안으로써 스포츠마사지가 수동적 운동으로의 역할을 수행할 것으로 사료된다.

The study operated to find out the effect of sports-massage on cardiovascular function, blood sugar and body composition for obese middle-aged women. The Massage Group(MG) was 10 volunteers from J county cultural activity school for women who were over 25kg/m2 in BMI. They treated sports-massage twice in a week for 60 minutes in 12 weeks. The 10 people in control group were over 25kg/m2 in BMI and they were not taken any remedy. The change of maximum blood pressure, the minimum blood pressure and heart rate in CG was insignificant but in MG was significantly decrease. The change of blood sugar in CG was significantly increase but in MG was significantly decrease. The change of BMI and body fat rate in CG was constant, but in MG was significantly decrease. The change of body fat in CG was significantly increase but in MG was significantly decrease. In overall, sports-massage had a positive effect on cardiovascular function and blood sugar for middle-aged women contain accumulated fat, therefore, sports-massage, as a passive exercise, may help them who avoid taking exercise to care there fitness and body shape.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to changes in respiratory function due to differences in mask blocking grade, and effects on cardiovascular function during aerobic exercise. Design: Comparative study using paired t-test and analysis of variance measures. Methods: Male and female subjects were randomly divided into 4 groups according to mask blocking grade and measured respiratory functions before and after wearing the mask using spirometers, and their cardiovascular capabilities were measured using pulse oxygen meters and blood pressure meters before and after running for 10 minutes wearing mask. Used paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test to compare the differences according to the mask blocking grade. Results: The experimental results verified that three groups except for the Non-mask group had a significant reduction in all values of FVC, FEV1, MVV, and PEF after wearing a mask compared to those before wearing a mask(p<0.05). Also a significant difference in cardiovascular functions was also observed after aerobic exercises wearing mask in all groups and there was a significant difference between all four groups(p<0.05). Conclusions: Lung patients with poor breathing, elderly and children with poor lung function, and professional groups who need to wear masks and take high-intensity work or aerobic movements are encouraged to take frequent breaks in advance, wear masks and social distancing at moderate and low levels.

Attenuated functional exercise capacity in elderly and diseased populations is a common problem, and stems primarily from physical inactivity. Decreased function and exercise capacity can be restored by maintaining muscular strength and mass, which are key factors in an independent and healthy life. Resistance exercise has been used to prevent muscle loss and improve muscular strength and mass. However, the intensities necessary for traditional resistance training to increase muscular strength and mass may be contraindicated for some at risk populations, such as diseased populations and the elderly. Therefore, an alternative exercise modality is required. Recently, blood flow restriction (BFR) with low intensity resistance exercise (LIRE) has been used for such special populations to improve their function and exercise capacity. Although BFR+LIRE has been intensively studied for a decade, a comprehensive review detailing the effects of BFR+LIRE on both skeletal muscle and vascular function is not available. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss previous studies documenting the effects of BFR+LIRE on hormonal and transcriptional factors in muscle hypertrophy and vascular function, including changes in hemodynamics, and endothelial function.

Background: An association has been reported between CYP2C19 polymorphism and the altered antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. We investigated this association using the newly introduced platelet function analyzer (PFA)-200 (INNOVANCE PFA-200 System; Siemens Healthcare, Germany) P2Y test. Methods: Polymorphisms of CYP2C19*2, *3, *17 and the degree of inhibition of platelet function were determined in 83 patients. Three different platelet function tests were used to evaluate the degree of platelet inhibition and to check the association with genotype. Results: The post-procedure PFA-200 values of extensive metabolizers (EM) patients (285.3±38.8) were higher than those of intermediate metabolizers (IM) and poor metabolizers (PM) patients (227.7±98.3 and 133.7±99.2, respectively; P=0.024). Light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) and the VerifyNow system showed that the post-procedure values for EM patients were lower than those of IM and PM patients (LTA: 24.4±15.7, 34.1±17.6, and 42.2±16.9, respectively, P<0.001; VerifyNow: 133.2±60.5, 171.5±42.6, and 218.7±59.3, respectively, P<0.001). The high residual platelet reactivity (HPR) rates were significantly different among the EM, IM, and PM groups using PFA-200 (PM:IM:EM=82.4:40.6:11.8, P<0.001). Conclusions: Approximately, 59.0% of Korean patients with cardiovascular disease receiving clopidogrel had CYP2C19 loss-of-function genotypes classified as IM or PM, and the frequency was similar to the data from Asian people. The PFA-200, LTA, and VerifyNow platelet function tests revealed evidence of a significant association between the efficacy of clopidogrel and CYP2C19 genotypes.

Background: This study investigated the association between thyroid function and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with diabetes.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 246 patients with diabetes aged 30 to 79 years (weighted n=1,611,708) from the 2013 to 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individuals with a history of CVD, thyroid disease, or pregnancy were excluded. Thyroid function was categorized as euthyroid, hypothyroid, or hyperthyroid, based on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (reference in Koreans, 0.62?6.86 mIU/L). The 10-year CVD risk was estimated using the Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs calculator.Results: The mean participant age was 54.3±10.1 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.41:1. Although patients with hypothyroid (14.1%) and hyperthyroid (15.7%) statuses showed a higher CVD risk than those with euthyroid status (12.3%), the difference was not statistically significant (<i><i>p</i></i>=0.337). However, in the hypothyroid group (n=11), TSH levels showed a moderate correlation with 10-year CVD risk (r=0.603, <i>p</i><0.05), although this finding should be interpreted with caution owing to the small sample size. After adjusting for diabetes- and thyroid-related variables, TSH level was independently associated with higher estimated 10-year CVD risk, particularly in patients with a glycated hemoglobin level of <7% (adjusted coefficient, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05?0.29; <i>p</i><0.05).Conclusion: Monitoring TSH levels in patients with well-controlled diabetes may provide additional information regarding the risk of CVD; however, prospective studies are needed to confirm the long-term prognostic value.

Purpose: The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer is increasing in young adults and females in Korea. Some of them experience short-term hypothyroidism in preparation for radioiodine (RAI) therapy, which can have a deleterious effect on the cardiovascular system. However, it is not clear if short-term hypothyroidism induces endothelial dysfunction in patients with low cardiovascular risk. Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term hypothyroidism is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients with low cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of short-term hypothyroidism on endothelial function in this group, we recruited fifteen female patients with low cardiovascular risk. We analyzed clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular parameters at four time points: the last day on levothyroxine (LT4) at their usual thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-suppressive doses (P1), 7 days (P2) & 4 weeks (P3) after withdrawal of LT4, and 8 weeks (P4) after replacement of the previous dose of LT4. A high resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperemia, and after sublingual nitroglycerin. Results: During short-term hypothyroidism (P3), serum concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were increased (p <0.001 for each period). In spite of having worsened lipid states, serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein or flow-mediated vasodilatation, which is one of the surrogate markers of the endothelial function, did not change during short-term hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Short-term hypothyroidism induced worsening of metabolic parameters, but not enough to induce the endothelial dysfunction in patients with low cardiovascular risk.

Background There are insufficient studies to determine whether sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) will help reduce early diabetic cardiomyopathy, especially in patients without documented cardiovascular disease. Methods We performed a single center, prospective observation study. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes patients without established heart failure or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were enrolled. Echocardiography, cardiac enzyme, and glucose-control data were examined before and 3 months after the administration of SGLT2i (dapagliflozin 10 mg per day). Cardiovascular risk factors included hypertension, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, and old age. The primary end point was the change of E/e’ before and after administration of SGLT2i. Results Most patients (86.7%) had three or more cardiovascular risk factors, and about 32% had all five risk factors. Although the decrease in E/e’ after the administration of SGLT2i was observed in 20% of enrolled patients, there was no significant difference in average E/e’ value or left atrial volume index before and after the SGLT2i medication. Even in patients with all known risk factors including old age, E/e’ value did not decrease after adding SGLT2i (8.9 ± 2.4 vs. 8.7 ± 3.2). There was a statistically significant difference in E/e’ change after the SGLT2i administration between patients younger than 60 years and those older than 60 years (?0.7 ± 2.2 vs. 1.1 ± 2.8, P = 0.002). Conclusions In type 2 diabetes patients without documented cardiovascular disease including heart failure, administration of SGLT2i showed no improvement in diastolic function profile. Further large-scale randomized studies are needed to determine who will benefit from potential cardiovascular events with early addition of SGLT2i.

본 연구의 목적은 적색 형광 단백질 유전자 형질 전환 복제견을 포함한 복제견들에서 측정된 심장 초음파 수치를 이전에 보고된 일반개의 정상 참고 범위와 비교하는 것이다. 일곱 마리의 복제견에서 M-mode, 2D-mode, pulsed wave Doppler 그리고 Tissue Doppler Imaging을 통해 좌심, 우심 그리고 우심실 우출로의 해부학적 특징과 심장 기능을 평가하였다. 모든 복제견들은 해부학적 구조에서 특이적인 이상을 나타내지 않았으며 측정된 수치들은 정상 참고 범위 이내에 있었다. 게다가 좌심과 우심의 심근 기능 모두 정상 참고 범위 이내에 위치하였다. 특히 복제 동물들에서 흔히 나타나는 우심 부전과 폐성 고혈압은 복제견들에서는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로, 성장이 끝난 복제견들에게서 는 출생시와 성장과정에서 심혈관계의 이상을 타나내는 징후는 확인되지 않았다. 그러므로 형질 전환 방법을 포함하는 체세포핵이식 기술은 복제견들의 심장 형태와 기능에 대해 심각한 부작용을 나타내지 않는다고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to compare echocardiographic parameters of cloned beagle dogs with the previously reported reference range. Seven cloned dogs were assessed for anatomical features and cardiac function through left- and right-sided heart and right ventricle outflow tract from M-mode, 2D-mode, pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging. In all the cloned dogs, there were no abnormalities in anatomical structure and measurements were within the normal reference range. In addition, left- and right-sided myocardial function was within the normal reference range. Especially, pulmonary hypertension and right-sided heart failure frequently encountered in cloned animals were not recognized in cloned dogs. In conclusion, no evidence of cardiovascular dysfunction in mature cloned dogs could be identified either at birth or the growing stage in this study. Therefore, serious adverse effects of somatic cell nuclear transfer technology including transgenesis on cardiac morphology and function were not found in cloned dogs.