Earticle

연구목적: 본 논문은 미래 산업발전과 환경변화에 대한 안전인증기준의 합리화를 위하여, 안전인증기준의 성능화에 대한 문제점을 검토하고 개선방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 문헌조사 및 실무자 면담조사를 통해 안전인증 체계에 대한 문제점과 한계점을 정리하고, 안전인증기준의 현황을 설계기준과 성능기준 그리고 세부적인 기준으로 분류하여 현황 분석을 실시한다. 그리고 조사 및 분석한 결과를 종합하여 안전인증기준의 성능화를 위한 개선사 항을 제시한다. 연구결과: 조사를 통해 안전인증의 문제점과 한계점은 정부주도의 인증체계운용, 정형화된 인증기준, 인증개선에 장시간이 소요, 인 증기준 마련체계의 부실, 업계의견 반영의 부족 등 6가지로 정리 할 수 있었다. 그리고 인증기준을 성능 및 설계기준으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 기계 및 설비, 방호장치의 경우, 설계기준이 69.7% 및 64.9%로 높게 나타난 반면, 보호구의 경우 성능기준이 61.1%로 높게 나타났다. 설계기준 중심의 안 전인증기준을 성능화하기 위해서는 인증기준의 성능화 가능성 판단, 검사시험방법의 규정 가능성 판단 등이 전제되어야 한다. 그리고 성능화를 위 해서는 제조물책임법강화, 시장모니터링 등 체계화, 인증시험 업무의 분산, 민간의 인증기준 마련 참여 등의 제도기반 및 인프라 구축이 필요한 것으 로 검토 되었다. 결론: 연구를 통해 우리나라 안전인증제도의 문제점과 한계점을 정리하고 성능화 필요성에 대하여 검토 하였다. 안전인증기준의 성 능화는 법령정비, 인프라 구축 등 준비 작업이 필요한 사항으로 중장기적인 추진이 필요하다. 또한 전체 안전인증기준의 성능화 보다는 인증대상 품 목별로 성능화 요건을 검토하여 추진하고, 세부적인 사항은 추가적인 연구를 통해 구체화해 나가야 한다.

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to review the problems of performance enhancement of safety certification standards and to suggest directions for improvement in order to rationalize safety certification standards for future industrial development and environmental changes. Method: The problems and limitations of the safety certification system are summarized through literature review and interview with manager, and the status of safety certification standards is classified into design standards, performance standards, and detailed standards, and the status analysis is performed. In addition, by synthesizing the results of the investigation and analysis, improvements are suggested to improve the performance of the safety certification standards. Result: Through the survey, the problems and limitations of safety certification could be grouped into six categories: government-led certification system operation, standardized certification standards, long time required to improve certification, poor certification standards preparation system, and lack of reflection of industry opinions. And, as a result of analyzing the certification standards by dividing them into performance and design standards, in the case of machinery, equipment, and protection devices, the design standards were high at 69.7% and 64.9%, whereas in the case of protective equipment, the performance standards were high at 61.1%. In order to improve the performance of safety certification standards centered on design standards, it is necessary to determine the possibility of performance enhancement of the certification standards and determine the feasibility of the inspection test method. In order to improve performance, it was reviewed that it was necessary to establish a systemic foundation and infrastructure, such as strengthening the Product Liability Act, systematizing market monitoring, etc., distributing certification test tasks, and participating in the preparation of certification standards by the private sector. Conclusion: Through this study, the problems and limitations of Korea's safety certification system were summarized and the necessity for performance improvement was reviewed. Performance improvement of safety certification standards is a matter that requires preparatory work, such as legislative revision and infrastructure construction, and requires mid-to-long-term promotion. In addition, rather than improving the overall safety certification standards, the performance requirements for each item subject to certification should be reviewed and promoted, and details should be specified through additional research.

This study aims to propose a variety of methods by applying kitsch features and designing male hairstyles on the basis of the aesthetic features of kitsch. Six kinds of male hairstyles (dandy, regent, two-block, asymmetric, mushroom and Mohican) designs were proposed applying the aesthetic features of kitsch (exaggeration, inappropriateness, pleasure, satire and homesickness) acquired by analyzing the trends of the existing research and literature on the aesthetic features of kitsch and then, applying the hair colors and objects to male hairstyles. Six basic works, six trendy works, and six object works were created for this study. Those works expressed diverse kinds of male kitsch hairstyles containing new emotions by applying popular images and features of high-class culture out of the existing indecent and resistant image of kitsch in order to improve the applicability of kitsch hairstyles and provide basic data for the development of male hairstyle designs, which can express a variety of personalities.

本研究旨在将北奇(Kitch)的美学特征融入到男性发型设计中，并提出各种不同的发型设计方法。本文通过对北奇的美学特征的详细研究和文献分析,把北奇的美学特征(夸张、不恰当、嬉戏、讽刺、怀旧)应用于6种男性发型(花花公子、摄政王、双分型、非对称型、蘑菇型、莫希干发型)设计,提出了多种男性发型，所设计的作品分别为：基本型6、趋势型6、对象型6。本研究价值在于将北奇审美特征融入到男性发型设计中，呈现大众形象和高端文化特性相结合的多种男性发型,为更具多样性的男性发型设计做出贡献。

본 연구에서는 인지 중재 프로그램(FIE-Basic 프로그램)이 유아의 또래 갈등 해결전략과 사회적 기술에 미치는 효과에 대해 알아보았다. 연구대상은 울산광역시에 소재한 W 어린이집에 다니는 유아 35명으로 이 중 17명은 실험집단, 18명은 통제집단으로 무선배정 하였다. 실험집단 유아들에게 FIE-Basic 프로그램의 정서인식(EM)과 공격성 예방을 위한 사고학습(TLPV) 도구를 적용하였다. 30회기의 실험 처치 후 집단 간 사전검사와 사후검사 점수의 변화량을 비교한 결과, 인지중재 프로그램은 실험집단 유아의 또래 갈등 해결전략(친사회적 전략, 적대적 전략, 수동적 전략)과 사회적 기술에 긍정적인 효과를 미쳤다. 본 연구는 일반 유아를 대상으로 인지 중재 프로그램이 사회성 발달에 미치는 효과를 입증하여 유아교육현장의 적용 가능성을 탐색하고 이론적 기초를 제공한 것에 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a Cognitive Intervention Program_(FIE-Basic Program: EM, TLPV) on peer conflict-resolution strategies and social skills in children. The subjects were 35 four-year-old children in Ulsan City. The children were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with the former comprising 17 children and the latter 18 children. A total of 30 sessions with Identifying Emotion_(EM) instrument and Think and Learn to Prevent Violence_(TLPV) instruments were applied to the experimental group, while the control group received regular lessons during the same time period. The Cognitive Intervention Program_(FIE-Basic Program) had a positive effect on the children's peer conflict resolution strategies_(pro-social strategies, hostile strategies, and passive strategies) and social skills. This study proves the effectiveness of the Cognitive Intervention Program_(FIE-Basic Program) for normal children, explores the applicability of such programs to child education, and provides a theoretical basis.

The purpose of this study was to develop the Hangul programming language and compare persons which learnd programming language by using Hangul programming language with persons who by using traditional programming language. The hypotheses are as follows : Hypothesis 1 : Hangul programming language group will receive significantly higher scores on achievement then those of traditional programming language group. Hypothesis 2 : In the Hangul programming language groups, the group which do not know English before will receive significantly higher scores on achievement then those of group which understatand English already. The subjects of this study were sixth grade persons at a primary school and first grade persons at the inhavitants of in Seoul. The tools used in this study were achievement test and questionnaire. The statistics were processed with t-test by SPSS package. The findings of this study are as follows : First, persons of Hangul programming language group received significantly higher scores (t=5.14, p＜0.005) on achievement than those of traditional programming language group from primary school children. Second, persons of Hangul programming language group was not significantly different on scores from the inhavitants of in Seoul. Third, the result of questionnaire showed that Hangul programming language have good effacts, in making persons who do not know English at all understand computer programming.

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This study proposes a way of reconsidering how to explain kimchi, which is quite diverse even though it is often referred to as if it expresses a single, universal dish, to non-Koreans, particularly given the worldwide rise in its popularity. Koreans are accustomed to the general process of explaining kimchi in terms of the different types of vegetables that are the main ingredients. However, this process makes it difficult for Westerners who are new to kimchi to fully understand the comprehensive meaning and value of the dish. For this reason, it is time to change the process of explaining kimchi for Westerners who are accustomed to food culture using sauces. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature and will be of interest to the readership of the Journal of Ethnic Foods journal because it reviews and draws from 15 kimchi recipes posted by the world-famous culinary YouTuber Maangchi and proposes that discussing and classifying the composition and structure of ingredients and the basic formula as the best way of introducing non-Koreans to the variety of this quintessentially Korean dish and encouraging them to create their own varieties of kimchi upon a simple foundation of ingredients. People worldwide will be able to evolve to the stage where they can recognize and reconstruct the basic formula in which various derived kimchi types are made by combining kimchi yangnyeom and vegetables.

The purpose of this study was to develop a program by using a Bradley Terry model and to prove a reliability of the program in order to solve a problem in accordance with a domestic application of the Current World Ranking System of Badminton. This program was based on Ms excel visual basic 6.0 and used maximum likelihood estimation to verify goodness of fit test of the program model. On the one hand, the data asked to prove a reliability of the program put to use the outcome of the match of the junior high school athletes in the 2010 Summer National Convention of Badminton. Firstly, the developed evaluation program was suitable for determining the ranking under the semi final. Secondly, in an analysis based on the outcome of the match of junior high school athletes, a model suitability of the program could apply to males and females. To set a ranking, the result of male athletes were appeared to be equal and the others were appeared to be inequal. Therefore, an evaluation of female athletes might need to be cautions. Thirdly, an established evaluation program according to a comparative power hold some problems in an individual event such as badminton games. those may be solved with a recently developed program.

Detection of nodes disseminating false data is a prerequisite for effective deployment of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) services. This work proposed a novel hyper-tuned ensemble Random Forest (Ens. RF) algorithm to detect false basic safety messages in IoV. Performance evaluation was done using the Vehicular Reference Misbehavior (VeReMi) dataset comprising data-centric misbehavior evaluation for vehicular networks. For validation, a comparative analysis of the performance of the proposed “Ens. RF” model, five machine learning algorithms implemented in this work, and state-of-the-art ML models from related literature was presented. The performance metrics considered are time efficiency and validation accuracy for overall misbehavior classification. Also, the results confirmed the irrelevance of data balancing in real-life scenarios. Finally, we assess the performance of our proposed system for detecting each falsification scenario using precision and recall. The result shows that the proposed algorithm outperformed others with a validation accuracy of 99.60% and a negligible 604 misclassifications out of 153,730 points.

The manufacturing process of antibody drugs comprises two main stages: the upstream process for antibody cultivation and the downstream process for antibody extraction. The domestic bio industry has excellent technology for the upstream process. However, it relies on the technology of foreign countries to execute downstream process such as affinity chromatography. Furthermore, there are no domestic companies capable of producing the equipment for affinity chromatography. High gradient magnetic separation technology using a high temperature superconducting magnet as a novel antibody separation and purification technology is introduced to substitute for the traditional technology of affinity chromatography. A specially designed magnetic filter was equipped in the bore of the superconducting magnet enabling the continuous magnetic separation of nano-sized paramagnetic beads that can be used as affinity magnetic nano beads for antibodies. To optimize the magnetic filter that captures superparamagnetic nanoparticles effectively, various shapes and materials were examined for the magnetic filter. The result of magnetic separation experiments show that the maximum separation and recovery ratio of superparamagnetic nanoparticles are 99.2 %, and 99.07 %, respectively under magnetic field (3 T) and flow rate (600 litter/hr).

This is a basic study on the artwork of the artist Ji Yeong Kim, “Ascending up the river against the current ...” currently being exhibited in the sculpture park of Suwon World Cup Stadium and it was confirmed that tiles used in the artwork production are classified into 2 types, namely, porcelain tile and ceramic tile, through scientific analytic method. It was confirmed that the tiles that form the overall background of the artwork are unglazed porcelain tiles with the same exterior and interior physical state that experienced absorption rate of 0.4% and firing at high temperature of more than 1,300℃. It was possible to discern that tiles used for the portion presumed to have embodied fish tail are 3 types with the different exterior and interior physical state from each other that have experienced absorption rate of more than 10% and firing at temperatures in the range of 1,000∼1,20 0℃, and that they were manufactured by being coated with glaze in which pyrophylite or dolomite range mineral has been mixed. As the result, it was possible to discern that porcelain tiles were used as the material for outdoor tile sculpture artwork due to its advantages including stability such as durability and water-resistance, etc. while ceramic tiles were used due to their ability to realized diversified colors and patterns through scientific analysis.

본 연구에서는 지진발생과 라돈 이상의 상관성을 분석하였고, 지진 전조징후 영역 및 지하수관측소 와의 거리와 지진발생과 상관성을 살펴보았다. 첫 번째로 라돈 농도와 수문기상인자(강수와 지하수 위)의 상관관계를 살펴보았으며, 라돈 농도, 지하수위, 강수 간 상관성이 매우 낮아 라돈 농도 변동성 에 지하수위와 강수가 미치는 영향이 작은 것으로 분석되었다. 두 번째로 지진발생과 라돈 농도의 변동 간 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 지진발생에 따라 라돈 농도의 변동성이 매우 크게 나타나 지진발 생과 라돈 농도 변동과 상관성이 매우 높음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 지진 전조징후 영역(RE), 진원 지와 지하수관측소 간의 거리(RD), 영역과 거리의 비율(RE/RD)과 지진발생과의 상관관계를 분석하였 으며, 라돈 이상으로 분석된 구간에서 RE/RD값이 상대적으로 크게(8 이상) 나타났다. 결론적으로 라돈을 지진발생 선행인자로도 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

This study analyzed the correlation between earthquake occurrence and radon anomaly, and the distance between the earthquake precursor manifestation zone and groundwater observatory and the correlation with earthquake occurrence. First, the correlation between radon concentration and hydrometeorological factors (rainfall and groundwater level) was examined, and the correlation coefficients between radon concentration, groundwater level, and rainfall was very low, so it was analyzed that rainfall and groundwater hardly impact on the variability of radon concentration. Second, the correlation between the earthquake occurrences and radon concentration variability was analyzed, and it was confirmed that the variability of radon concentration was very relevant to earthquake occurrences because radon concentration fluctuated according to earthquake occurrences. Last, earthquake precursor manifestation zone (RE), distance between epicenter and observation stations (RD ), and ratio (RE/RD ) were analyzed, and the RE/RD values showed relatively large (8 or more) in the radon anomaly section. Accordingly, radon is expected to be the precursor for earthquakes.

본 연구에서는 국내 발생한 지진을 분석하여 경향성을 살펴보고, 국내 수환경인자와 지진 간의 상관 성과 변동성을 분석하였다. 첫 번째로 1978년~2020년 발생한 국내 지진사례들을 대상으로 지역 및 시간, 내륙 및 해안지진으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 경주(2016.09)와 포항(2017.11) 지진에 의해 경북 지역(42.2 %)과 9월(12.9 %)에 지진발생 비율이 가장 높았다. 내륙 및 해안지진에서는 내륙지진(2개 월 후)과 해안지진의 상관성(R2 = 76.3 %)이 높게 나타냈다. 두 번째로 4개 지진사례를 대상으로 수환경인자들(라돈, EC, WL, WT)의 변동성을 분석하였다. 분석결과에서 지진발생 전에 수환경인자 들의 변동성이 매우 큰 것으로 관측되어, 지진과 라돈, WL, WT, EC와 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였 다. 마지막으로 지진에 따른 수환경인자의 변동성(패턴) 일치를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 지진이 발생 하는 시점에는 라돈, WL, EC 모두 변동성이 일치하는 매우 중요한 결과를 나타냈다. 이에 따라 수환경인자들의 변동성과 경향을 모니터링한다면 지진연구에 중요한 기초자료를 제공할 것으로 판 단된다.

This study analyzed the trends of earthquakes, correlations and variability between hydro-environmental (HE) factors (radon, EC, WL, WT) and domestic earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula. First, the earthquake cases that occurred from 1978 to 2020 were analyzed separately by region & time, and inland & seaside. Gyeongbuk region (42.2 %) and September (12.9 %) had the highest ratio of earthquakes because of the earthquakes in Gyeongju (2016.09) and Pohang (2017.11). In the inland and seaside earthquakes, the correlation between the inland (2-lagged months) and the seaside earthquakes showed was high correlation (R2=76.3 %). Second, the variability of HE factors was analyzed for 4 earthquake cases. The variability of the HE factors before the earthquakes occurred was very large, and it was confirmed that the earthquakes were related to HE factors. Finally, the coincidence of the variability of HE factors according to the earthquakes was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, at the time of the earthquakes, all of HE factors showed very important results with the same variability. Accordingly, monitoring the variability and trends of HE factors is expected to provide important basic data for the earthquake researches.

This study investigated mechanical property changes by measuring compression factors, resilience, and compressive strength according to packaging pattern and filling rate to identify the applicability of cultural heritage packaging using thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU). Research results indicate that the cross-shaped 3D pattern showed the best resilience when the internal filling rate was 20%, while the octet pattern was the best when the filling rate was either 40 and 60%. The octet pattern had the best mechanical properties and stability with resistance capacities of 20.79 kgf/cm2, 40.40 kgf/cm2, and 82.23 kgf/cm2 at 38%, 39%, and 40% recovery speeds, respectively, depending on the internal filling rate (20, 40, 60%). Based on these results, basic data on the applicability, stability, and reliability of 3D cultural heritage packaging materials using TPU materials were obtained.

The integrated coordination of the components of the lower urinary tract is mediated by the complex neuromodulatory system of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. Therefore, the central nervous sys-tem plays a crucial role in the storage and output of urine. The purpose of this review article is to present the key aspects of the structure of the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system related to the lower urinary tract, as well as the mechanisms of action and the control system of innervation regulating the storage and output of urine. Fur-thermore, this article discusses the clinical significance and directions of neurourological research, concluding with the suggestions for with the neurourological research prospects.

Argentine tango (tango) is used clinically for therapeutic purposes. Effective tango therapy analyses tango’s unique characteristics according to functional anatomical kinematics for standard tango movements. Many kinds of movement exist in tango, from simple to complicated figures. This article systematically dissects and reviews tango elements that consist of complicated tango figures. One can question the movements from the terms that are used to teach tango movements in the lesson. The article evaluates the therapeutic application of tango elements such as posture and stance, tango gait as a linear movement, holding and tension, ocho, and dissociation as a round movement. It concludes that tango therapy can be performed using tango according to functional anatomical descriptions.