Earticle

고객들과의 관계를 긍정적으로 만들어가기 위해 많은 기업들이 고객보상프로그램을 운영하고 있으 며, 그 효과에 대한 다양한 연구들이 이뤄졌다. 대부분의 보상프로그램 관련 연구들은 보상물의 유형, 제시 방법, 지급 시기 등이 고객들에게 어떤 영향을 주었는가에 대해 관심을 두었다면, 본 연구는 판매 제품과 보상물의 관계에 중심을 두고 그 효과를 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 제품 및 보상물을 선(virtue)과 악(vice)으로 구분한 후 목표에 부합하는 선택을 지속하는 강조전략(highlighting) 혹은 목표에 부합하 는 선택과 그렇지 않은 선택을 번갈아 선택하는 균형전략(balancing)의 점화(priming)가 보상물의 평가 에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 예를 들자면, 강조전략이 점화되면, 선한 제품군에서 선한 보상물에 대한 평가가 좋아지고, 균형전략이 점화되면 선한 제품군에서 악한 보상물의 평가가 높아질 것이라 예상하였 다. 분석 결과, 선한 제품군에서는 균형전략을 점화했을 때, 악한 보상물을 선호하였고, 강조전략을 점 화했을 때에는 선한 보상물이 선호되어 가설이 지지되었다. 반면에, 악한 제품에서는 균형전략을 점화 했을 때 선한 보상물이 선호되었으나, 강조전략이 점화되었을 때에는 선한 보상물과 악한 보상물 간의 차이가 없음으로 나타나 가설이 부분적으로 지지되었다.

Many companies have operated a customer reward program for building up positive relationships with customers, so many researches have examined its effect. Most of the studies about reward programs investigated the impact of some key variables on consumers’ attitude such as the type of rewards, the presentation method, and the timing of the reward. However, this study focused on the relationship between products and rewards. Specifically, we expected that priming of balancing or highlighting strategy would influence consumer evaluation of rewards. When, for instance, the main product of a company was a virtue product, the evaluation of the virtue rewards was expected to be higher than that of the vice reward under the priming of highlighting, but it was expected to be reversed under the priming of balancing. The results of the analysis show that our expectation was supported when the main product was a virtue. When the main product was a vice, the evaluation of the virtue rewards was higher than that of the vice reward under the priming of balancing, but there was no difference between virtue and vice rewards under the priming of highlighting, so it was partially supported. The results and implications were discussed.

이 글은 인공지능의 한 추론방식으로 사용되어 왔던 비단조논리를 활용한 법적 논증의 가능성과 한계를 살펴본다. 전통적인 추론방식인 연역법은 문제적 사안을 해결하는 데 있어서 일정한 한계를 갖는다. 또한 법적 논증이 갖는 동적 측면을 포착하지 못하여 전제되어 있는 규범을 변경하거나 기존의 추론을 철회할 수 없다는 한계를 갖는다. 인공지능론자들이 주목하는 폐기가능성의 개념은 추가적 정보가 유입될 때 결론의 철회를 허용함으로써 법적 논증의 동적 측면을 일정 부분 반영한다. 비단조논리는 폐기가능추론을 표현하기 위해 고안된 형식적 틀로서 고전논리나 직관주의 논리와 차이점을 갖는다. 비단조논리는 폐기가능성을 인정하면서도 기존 논리학이 수학적 엄밀성에 접근할 수 있도록 내용적 적합성, 형식적 정확성, 직관에 대한 평가를 함께 고려하여 폐기가능추론을 논리적으로 표현하고자 한다. 인공지능과 법 연구에서 이 비단조논리는 법적 정당화의 한 양식으로 형량을 재구성할 수 있는 이론적 도구로 연구되어 왔다. 형량을 통한 법적 정당화는 규범충돌을 해결할 때 선재하는 우선관계를 고려하지 않는 자율적 의사결정과정이다. 그러나 비단조논리는 선재하는 우선관계와 관련 정보를 통해 우선관계를 논리적으로 추론한다. 비단조논리는 기본값을 일관적으로 보존하고 확장하는 과정이지 형량처럼 비연역적 가치판단과 도약의 문제의식을 공유하지는 않는다.

Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning - Defeasibility, Non-monotonic Logic, Balancing - This paper considers possibilities and limits of the legal reasoning applying the non-monotonic logic in artificial intelligence and law. Deductive reasoning in classical logic cannot solve hard cases. It also does not allow for a retraction of inference not capturing the dynamics in the legal reasoning. Defeasible reasoning taken in the domain of AI & Law is dynamic in that it allow for a retraction of inference as a result of gaining new information. The challenge of non-monotonic Logic is to provide for the formal frameworks devised to represent defeasible reasoning beyond classical logic and intuitionistic logic. It tries to represent the logic frames of defeasible reaching to mathematical method with a formal precise account that is materially adequate. In AI & Law, non-monotonic logic is regarded as a theoretical tool to reinterpret the balancing as one mode of legal reasonings. The balacing is a autonomous judgement for solving norm conflicts and is not based on pre-established priorities. It is a autonomous decision-making process. Non-monotonic Logic is based on a logical inference with pre-established priorities. In despite of the future of AI, non-monotonic logic has nothing in common with a human reasoning and balancing.

Recently, as electric vehicles operate using battery voltages, issues such as thermal run-away or fire in batteries have been reported. The primary cause of this thermal runaway is the volt-age difference between cells that occurs during charging and discharging processes. Therefore, it is essential to accurately balance the battery using a battery management system (BMS). This paper proposes an isolated balancing circuit designed to stably maintain the balance of each unit cell in a high-voltage battery pack structure. The control circuit signal is transmitted to a photo diode, and the balancing operation is controlled using signals from an optical detector. The low-voltage oper-ation control circuit is isolated from the high-voltage circuit, enabling reliable balancing even under high voltages of thousands of volts. The cell-by-cell register operation method allows simultaneous balancing of multiple cells. A balancing current of 80 mA was achieved, and within a temperature range from -20°C to 80°C, the balancing operation showed a variation within 81 mA ± 1 mA, owing to the temperature-compensated balancing mechanism of the isolation circuit. The proposed bal-ancing circuit is designed to operate at an ultra-low power of 180 μW, minimizing the battery energy consumption required for the balancing operation.

Hedging is a technical term in finance used to describe a risk-aversion behavior with the objective of reducing investment risks and ensuring a certain degree of profit by simultaneously making two trades in opposite directions. As the rise of China and the relative decline of the United States led to changes in the international system in recent years, hedging is introduced into international relations (IR) and becomes a widely discussed strategy. Scholars on IR utilize hedging to describe risk avoidance observed in many secondary states in a highly uncertain and volatile international context. Academia makes contributions to this point. However, the existing research fails to reach a broad consensus on hedging studies. At present, the debate continues on the definition and measurement of hedging. Moreover, academia is divergent on which analytic approaches should be applied to hedging. System- and unit-level approaches exhibit apparent shortcomings. For this reason, a neoclassical realist approach, which well balances parsimony and explanatory power, is more constructive. Nevertheless, academic outcomes in this regard remain insufficient. In addition, paucity in research that evaluates hedging exists, which leads to the misleading assumption that hedging always works. Academia also overlooks the counteracting force of hedging on regional and international politics. If many secondary states employ hedging as a diplomatic strategy, then conducting an in-depth investigation on the impacts of collective hedging on regional and international politics as an independent variable is imperative. Unfortunately, the majority of scholars on IR neglect this aspect. Through a systematic review of hedging, the current study contends that a broad consensus on hedging studies is an urgent need and highlights that the future research scope lies in taking hedging as an independent variable that influences regional and international relations from an interactive perspective. Moreover, the implications of hedging exceed the theoretical dimension. From the perspective of China, it is of great policy and diplomatic significance. First, Beijing is supposed to adapt to the widely existing hedging employed by its neighbors in Asia. The situation requires China to carefully examine the hedging of secondary states to avoid confusing hedging with balancing, which is likely to upset the regional stability and the balance of power. China is also encouraged to follow a more pragmatic diplomatic paradigm, that is, encourage hedging states to remain neutral and refrain from taking a stance on the Sino-US competition instead of exerting effort to pull these states into its side. Second, China should take the initiative to fine-tune its foreign policies to match the momentum of hedging and aim to understand the domestic logic of hedging. To this end, China should clearly define its core interests, strengthen institutional mechanisms of communication and economic ties with its neighbors, and consolidate bilateral social connections. Foreseeable and stable economic benefits and increased interdependence will help China provide continuous incentives for its neighbors to conduct hedging.

Recently, the quiet fan development is one of important issues for comfort of railroad car. The purpose of this study is to find the vibration and noise source of the line flow fan for reduction the noise level. For a vibration and noise source identification, experiments with microphone and acceleration were carefully carried out. The noise of line flow fan is caused by various factors, such as turbulent flow noise, blade passing frequence and unbalance. In order to reduce the fan noise, the blade shape, distance and angle of housing guide should be modified.

최근 중독의 개념이 물질에서부터 다양한 행동영역으로 확대되고 생물․심리․사회적 측면과 통합적으로 관련되어 있는 것으로 밝혀지면서 기존에 중독을 설명해 왔던 모델들만으로는 이를 충분히 반영하고 설명하는 데 제한점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 행동중독을 생리․심리적 균형 관점으로 설명하기 위해 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)과 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)을 중심으로 다양한 문헌을 고찰하고 종합하여 제시하였다. 먼저, 다미주이론(polyvagal theory)으로 스트레스의 지속적인 증가와 이를 해소하기 위한 노력이 중독행동의 심화와 유지에 어떻게 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 다음으로는, 동기균형이론(motivational balancing theory)으로 인간의 기본동기인 자율감, 소속감, 유능감, 목표감의 불균형이 어떻게 중독행동과 연결될 수 있는지 설명하였다. 이를 종합하여 본 연구에서는 단기적인 동기균형을 성취하기 위해 중독가능성이 높은 행동을 실행하였을 때 개인의 알로스타시스적 부하량(allostatic load)이 감소하지 않아 다시 심리적 동기균형의 필요가 증가하고 이 균형을 되찾고자 하는 역기능적 시도가 행동중독과 같은 악순환으로 이어지게 된다는 관점 및 구체적 모델을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 행동중독에 대한 생리․심리적 균형 관점을 바탕으로 임상 및 상담현장에서 생물․심리․사회적 측면을 포괄하는 개입이 필요함을 제안하였다.

Recently, it has been found that the concept of addiction can be broadly applied from substance abuse to diverse areas of behavior and be relevant with the biological, psychological and social aspects so, models that already explained addiction behavior has a limitation in reflecting and explaining the facts that are mentioned above. Therefore, this study suggests the polyvagal theory and motivational balancing theory in order to explain behavioral addiction in a biopsychological balancing perspective. Specifically, it explained that the continuous increase of the stress and the efforts of the relieving it can affect the deterioration and maintenance of addictive behavior based on the polyvagal theory. Also, it described how the imbalance of human’s basic needs such as autonomy, relatedness, competence and sense of goal can be related with the addiction behavior based on the motivational balancing theory. To sum up, perspective and specific model are suggested that when the addictive behavior is executed in order to achieve a short-term motivational balance, the allostatic load of the individual does not decrease, and thus the need for psychological motivation balance increases, which in turn leads to behavioral addiction. Finally, based on the physio-psychological balancing perspective on behavioral addiction study suggests the needs for the intervention that covers the biological, psychological and social aspects in clinical and counseling circumstances.

Load balancing is a major challenge in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of 5G and 6G ultra-dense small cells with long-term evaluation advanced (LTE-A) networks. A key factor in achieving efficient load balancing during user mobility is creating appropriate optimisation for handover control parameters (HCP). This paper proposes a coordinated load balancing algorithm for LTE-A/fifth generation (5G) HetNets. The algorithm automatically optimises HCP settings for a given user based on three bounded functions (the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the user equipment (UE), the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) per UE and the UE’s speed) as well as their automatic weight levels. A two-step target cell determination strategy is implemented according to the cell load level and RSRP criteria, ensuring that users are handed over to low-loaded target cells. A new HO procedure that considers the pilot signal power is also proposed, which includes the number of PRBs per UE and the RSRP. Cells with freer PRBs are prioritised in user association to provide load balance and enhanced throughput. The proposed load balancing algorithm is compared with five other load balancing algorithms selected from the literature. The simulation results reveal that under various mobile speed scenarios, the proposed load balancing scheme enhances network performance in terms of load level, throughput, spectral efficiency and call dropping ratio (CDR).

Objective To compare the effect of foot orthotics and rehabilitation exercises by assessing balancing ability and joint proprioception in athletes who have chronic ankle instability. Methods Forty-one athletes who visited hospitals due to chronic ankle instability were randomly assigned to two groups. One group had ankle rehabilitation exercises while the other group had the same rehabilitation exercises as well as foot orthotics. Joint position sense of the ankle joint was examined by using an isokinetic exercise machine. Balancing abilities categorized into static, dynamic and functional balance abilities were evaluated by using computerized posturography. We tested the subjects before and after the four-week rehabilitation program. Results After the four-week treatment, for joint reposition sense evaluation, external 75% angle evaluation was done, revealing that the group with the application of foot orthotics improved by -1.07±1.64 on average, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Static, dynamic and functional balancing abilities using balance masters were evaluated, revealing that the two groups improved in some items, but showing no significant difference between them (p>0.05).Conclusion This study found that athletes with chronic ankle instability who had foot orthotics applied for four weeks improved their proprioceptive and balancing abilities, but did not show additional treatment effects compared with rehabilitation exercise treatment.

In modern representative democracy, political legitimacy is based on potentially conflicting principles: (1) the “popular sovereignty” principle, stating that the republic must be based on “the opinion of the people,” and (2) the “rule of law” principle which suggests that constitutional values of the republic must be protected from “irregular interpositions of the people.” As a parallel institution supporting the democratic republic (e.g., the press as the “Fourth Branch”), the role of journalists has continuously changed, and the journalistic institution has been balancing those two potentially conflicting principles. This study examines the current status of journalistic values as part of modern democracy. Traditionally accepted news used to balance the conflflict between constitutionalism and populism by distancing journalists from both the existing elites and the mass. However, due to the recent transformation of the media landscape and the uprising of people’s anti-establishment feelings, news audience has struggled to relate their everyday lives to the mainstream journalism institutions. As a key alternative journalistic value of the traditional journalistic standard, the “news objectivity,” this study suggests “social empathy” as a solution of the modern political conundrum between two potentially conflflicting principles that most representative democracies face.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a horse riding program on balancing ability in children with cerebral palsy. Eleven children(five males and six females) diagnosed with cerebral palsy participated. The horse riding exercises(walking and trotting) were conducted twice per week for 30 minutes during 24 weeks. Balancing ability was measured three times at pre, mid, and post-test using an air pad by the same physical therapist. The data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance with time(0, 12, and 24 weeks) using SPSS version 18.0. A comparison of horse riding between patients with hemiplegia and paraplegia was conducted with the Willcoxon signed-ranktest at a predetermined probability rate of 5%. The results showed a significant increase in balancing ability after horse riding than that before horse riding(p<0.01). The average balancing score increased greater in males(54.59±84.05) than that in females(27.84±12.67) after the horse riding exercise program compared to that before the program(p <0.05). Thus, horse riding exercise was considered an effective to improve balance in children with cerebral palsy. These results provide useful basic data for horse riding for the disabled.

In cloud computing systems the continuous increasing need for a variety of applications has made workload distribution and resource allocation more difficult. These difficulties lead to a high degree of imbalance and poor system performance. To address these issues, this study presented a high scalable Improved Multi-Objective Hybrid Load Balancing (IMH_LB) Algorithm. It combines the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm with the velocity driven approach of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The suggested method has been developed to optimize cloud computing environments by improving resource utilization with high scalability. The quality-of-service (QoS) parameters are comparatively analyzed in CloudSim by benchmarking the proposed algorithm against standard (GWO and PSO) algorithms and state of the art (Hybrid GWO-PSO and Improved Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-GWO) algorithms. The experimental findings show the superiority of the proposed approach with average improvements of 72.16% in average response time, 67.27% in makespan, 5.18 times in throughput, in 7.51 times in average resource utilization and 78.51% in degree of imbalance over the standard (GWO and PSO) and state of the art (HGWO-PSO and IHGA-GWO) methods. The proposed algorithm achieves high scalability while stabilizing at an average utilization of 89 % at significantly high workloads.

Purpose: In Japan, about 80% of deaths occur in hospitals, especially long-term care beds. The purpose of this study was to clarify the nursing practices used for such older patients at the end-of-life stage in longtermcare wards via the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA). Methods: Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews of nineteen nurses working in cooperating long-term care wards, acute care wards, or hospice services (to allow for constant comparison between these types of wards) in western Japan in 2014. We analyzed the transcribed data using M-GTA. Results: The core category that emerged from the analysis was “Balancing enhancement of patients' daily life quality and life-sustaining care in the face of uncertainty about the patients' character.” Eleven categories emerged, such as Seeking older patients' character with their family, Supporting families' decision making, Rebuilding patients' daily life in the ward, and Sustaining patients' life span through medical care. Conclusions: Nurses experienced uncertainty about the care needs of older patients, the ethical problems of Enhancing the patients' QOL by using risky care, and the evaluation criteria used to judge their own nursing care after the patients' death. All nurses had the goal of ensuring a natural death for all patients. Nurses' acceptance and evaluation of their own care was critically influenced by the patient's family's responses to their care after patients' death. Further research is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and educational programs for end-of-life nursing care of older adults.

이 연구는 영어 매개 수업(EMI) 교실에서 메타언어(metalanguage)의 역할과 그것이 제2언어 습득(SLA)에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. EMI는 주로 내용 학습에 초점을 두지만, 동시에 학습자들이 영어 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 그러나 EMI 교사들은 언어 교수 전문성이 제한되어 있어 언어적 문제를 효과적으로 다루는 데 어려움을 겪는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 한국의 고등학교와 대학교 수업을 대상으로 한 교실 관찰과 담화 분석을 통해 EMI 교사들이 사용하는 메타언어의 유형과 기능을 분류하였다. 연구 결과, 교사들은 주로 반기술적(semi-technical) 및 비기술적(non-technical) 메타언어를 사용하며, 이를 선제적으로(preemptively) 활용하기보다는 주로 사후적으로(reactively) 사용하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 학문 분야에 따라 메타언어 사용 방식에도 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 EMI 교사들이 학습자의 이해와 제2언어 습득을 효과적으로 촉진할 수 있도록 언어적 전략을 갖추게 하는 전문성 개발 프로그램의 필요성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 학문 내용 지도와 제2언어 발달 간의 상호작용을 강조함으로써 EMI 교수법 연구에 기여한다.

This study examines the role of metalanguage in English-medium instruction (EMI) classrooms and its implications for second language acquisition (SLA). While EMI primarily focuses on content learning, it also provides opportunities for students to develop their English proficiency. However, EMI teachers often struggle with addressing linguistic issues due to limited language-teaching expertise. Through classroom observations and discourse analysis in high school and university settings in South Korea, this study categorizes the types and functions of metalanguage used by EMI teachers. Findings reveal that teachers predominantly use semi-technical and non-technical metalinguistic terms, often reactively rather than preemptively. Disciplinary differences also shape how metalanguage is employed. These insights highlight the need for professional development programs that equip EMI teachers with effective linguistic strategies to enhance student comprehension and SLA. This study contributes to EMI pedagogy by emphasizing the intersection of disciplinary instruction and second language development.

본 연구는 본사의 통제 방식이 자회사의 음주 및 접대 관행과 재무성과에 미치는 영향을 실증하는데 목적이 있다. 따라서, 중국에서 활동하는 다국적 기업의 자회사로부터 수집한 데이터를 활용하여 구조방정식모형을 통해 통제의 다양한 차원(통제 범위, 통제 초점, 통제 메커니즘)이 가 벼운 음주 및 접대 관행과 과도한 음주 및 접대 관행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 대부분의 본사 통제 방식은 음주 및 접대 관행에 유 의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 신흥 시장에서 다국적 기업이 채택한 전략적 다양성을 반영하고 있다고 판단된다. 또한, 재 무성과 측면에서는 가벼운 음주 및 과도한 음주 관행 모두 재무성과 개선에 유의미하게 기여하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 글로 벌 비즈니스 환경에서 문화적으로 내재된 관행이 성과 지표와 어떻게 교차하는지에 대한 더욱 정교한 이해를 요구하고 있다.

This study investigates the impact of headquarters (HQs) control configurations on subsidiary drinking entertainment practices and financial performance. Using data collected from multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in China, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to analyze how various dimensions of control (control extent, control focus, and control mechanisms) affect moderate and heavy drinking entertainment practices. The results show that most HQs control configurations have no significant effect on drinking entertainment practices, reflecting the strategic diversity adopted by MNCs in emerging markets. Additionally, regarding financial performance, the analysis found that neither moderate drinking nor heavy drinking practices significantly contributed to improved financial performance. Such results call for a more sophisticated understanding of how culturally embedded practices intersect with performance indicators in a global business context.

In this paper, I am concerned with three key questions: 1. Why are the values of humility, compassion, and justice so essential and destabilizing in interfaith dialogues, especially in times of peace? 2. Why should teaching interfaith dialogue always provide space for the grievances on all sides from past, present (and possibly) future unrest and conflict? 3. How do interfaith dialogue participants in post-conflict settings balance the desire and need for justice with compassion and humility for one’s self, one’s community, and the community in conflict? To begin to answer these questions, I will first reflect upon the role, limits, and relationships between these three virtues before turning to the aims and goals of teaching these virtues in the context of interfaith dialogue. At issue is whether the failure to embody compassion and humility through interfaith dialogue in times of relative peace and prosperity signal the impossibility or meaninglessness of such dialogue when passions are rife, stakes are high, and vulnerability, rage, and hopelessness abound.

The NNEST movement has acknowledged NNESTs’ shared mother language with learners for instructional and emphatic purposes. This study points out that such contributions are appreciated but should not justify instruction heavily or exclusively given in the L1 in English language classes taught by Korean NNESTs, which is predominantly practiced in Korea’s higher education. To help NNESTs in the EFL setting pedagogically and meet learners’ communicative needs, this study suggests consecutive bilingual instruction (CBI) as an alternative that balances NNESTs’ use of English and the L1 in the classroom. For the experiment, the researcher provided all instructions in English and then in Korean for the same content consecutively in five English language courses for one semester. Data were collected from a post-course survey (N = 104) and two focus group interviews (N = 12) to examine how CBI was perceived by students. Findings show that students’ confidence and proficiency in English increased through the courses, and over 90% thought CBI influenced their improvement moderately to very strongly. CBI was especially effective for beginner learners. NNESTs struggling with the burden of English-only instruction are encouraged to adopt CBI as a medium of instruction to develop themselves pedagogically and benefit students’ learning. Implementation strategies are also suggested.

As a solution to spectrum under-utilization problem, Cognitive radio (CR) introduces a dynamic spectrum access technology. In the area, one of the most important problems is how secondary users (SUs) should choose between the available channels, which means how to achieve load balancing between channels. We consider spectrum load balancing problem for CR system in frequency domain and especially in time domain. Our objective is to balance the load among the channels and balance the occupied time length of slots for a fixed channel dynamically in order to obtain a user-optimal solution. In frequency domain, we refer to Dynamic Noncooperative Scheme with Communication (DNCOOPC) used in distributed system and a distributed Dynamic Spectrum Load Balancing algorithm (DSLB) is formed based on DNCOOPC. In time domain, Spectrum Load Balancing method with QoS support is proposed based on Dynamic Feed Back theory and Hash Table (SLBDH). The performance of DSLB and SLBDH are evaluated. In frequency domain, DSLB is more efficient compared with existing Compare_And_Balance (CAB) algorithm and gets more throughput compared with Spectrum Load Balancing (SLB) algorithm. Also, DSLB is a fair scheme for all devices. In time domain, SLBDH is an efficient and precise solution compared with Spectrum Load Smoothing (SLS) method.

Analysing Go games with AIpowered engines is now common practice among amateur and professional Go players. These engines rely on deep artificial neural networks (ANN) and MonteCarlo tree search (MCTS) to evaluate board positions. For a given ANN, the engine’s accuracy increases with the number of positions evaluated during the tree search, or number of visits (often called the number of playouts). Although more playouts lead to more accurate analyses, the relationship between playouts and engine accuracy has not been fully explored. In this study, we analysed thousands of games from amateur and professional players, using different numbers of playouts per move, ranging from 5 to 15,000. A statistical analysis of the results shows that a constant number of playouts per move leads to varying accuracy during the game (high accuracy during the opening and endgame, low accuracy during the middle game). Quantitative guidelines to choose the number of playouts depending on one’s rank are derived. Looking at AI prediction of human win rate, the playouts needed to reach 99% accuracy are 140 for 1d, 235 for 5d, and 1,500 for 9d Fox players and 5,500 for a 9p professional player.