Earticle

목적: 본 연구는 성인 남성의 여드름 등급별 중증도에 따른 여드름 전용 화장품의 사용행태를 파악하여 성인 남성의 피부관리에 대 한 중요성을 알리고 제품 연구 개발의 방향을 설정할 수 있도록 기초자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 방법: 전국에 있는 현재 여드름 피 부를 가진 20대-40대 성인 남성 300명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 총 36문항으로 구성하였고 여드름 발 생 및 인식정도 문항은 한국형 여드름 중증도 시스템 대한 피부 과학지에 기재된 1등급-6등급을 나타내는 사진을 이용하여 평가하 였으며 자료 분석은 통계 패키지 SPSS/WIN 23.0을 사용하여 진행하였다. 결과: 여드름 등급이 높은 여드름군 일수록 여드름 진행 기간이 길고 여드름 전용 화장품을 사용하여 피부관리를 하였으나 화장품의 효과는 만족하지 못한 연구 결과가 나왔다. 또한 여드 름 등급이 낮은 여드름군에서는 전용 화장품을 사용하지 않았으며 피부관리를 하지 않은 이유는 가격이 부담스럽고 트러블이 더 심 해질 거 같아서라고 응답하였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 성인 남성의 여드름 등급별 중증도에 따른 여드름 피부 관리의 인식과 여 드름 전용 화장품의 사용 행태를 파악할 수 있었으며 향후 여드름 등급별 중증도에 있어 주관적이 아닌 전문가에 의해 정해진 연구 가 필요하다.

Purpose: This study aimed to collect basic data to educate adult men about the importance of skincare and to direct product research and development by identifying the use patterns of acne-only cosmetics in adult men based on the severity of their acne. Method: A nationwide online survey of 300 adult men in their 20s to 40s with acne-prone skin was conducted. The questionnaire had 36 questions in total, and questions related to acne occurrence and recognition level were evaluated using photos representing grades 1 to 6 of the Korean acne severity system listed in the Skin Science Journal, and data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The longer the acne progression period, the higher the acne level. The skincare regimen involved acne-only cosmetics although studies have shown that the effectiveness of cosmetics is inadequate. Furthermore, in the acne group with low acne level, participants did not use dedicated cosmetics or take care of their skin because the cost was prohibitive and the problem was likely to worsen. Conclusion: This study provided insights on adult men's perceptions of acne-prone skin care and use of acne-only cosmetics based on the severity of acne. Further research by experts is required to confirm these findings.

目的: 本研究旨在收集基本数据，以教育成年男性护肤的重要性，并根据痤疮的严重程度确定成年男性痤疮化妆 品的使用模式，从而指导产品研发。方法: 对300名20至40岁皮肤易长粉刺的成年男性进行了全国在线调查。问 卷共有36个问题，与痤疮发生和识别程度相关的问题使用代表皮肤科学杂志列出的韩国痤疮严重程度系统1至6 级的照片进行评估，并使用统计软件包 SPSS/WIN 23.0进行数据分析。结果: 痤疮进展期越长，痤疮水平越高。 使用痤疮专用化妆品进行护肤，但化妆品效果并不理想。此外，在痤疮水平较低的痤疮组中，参与者没有使用 专用化妆品或护理皮肤，因为成本过高，问题可能会恶化。结论: 本研究根据痤疮的严重程度提供了关于成年男 性对痤疮皮肤护理和仅使用痤疮化妆品的看法的见解。需要专家进一步研究来证实这些发现。

본 연구의 목적은 한국 20대 남자 성인을 위한 한국형 최대심박수 추정식을 개발하고 기존 추정식과의 관계를 알아보는 데 있다. 연구 참여대상은 20대 한국 남성 277명을 대상으로 하였다. 점증운동부하검사(KISS protocol, GXT) 를 All-out까지 실시하여 실제 최대심박수를 측정하였다. 실제 측정한 최대심박수와 연령(세), 신장(cm), 체중(kg), BMI 를 이용하여 통계처리(단계적 회귀분석) 하였고, 한국형 최대심박수 추정식을 개발하였다. 새로운 한국형 최대심박수 추정식을 개발하고자 한 첫 번째 연구결과, 연령(세)과 신장(cm)이 최대심박수와 유의미한 관련성을 보였다. 결국 연령이 높을수록 최대심박수가 낮았으며, 키가 클수록 최대심박수는 낮았다. Dr. SUNG 최대심박수 추정모델은 HRmax = 274.486 - (1.710 × 연령(세)) - (0.249 × 신장(cm))이었다. 기존 제시된 다양한 최대심박수 추정식과 실제 최대심박수 의 관계를 비교한 두 번째 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 실제 측정된 최대심박수를 Fox, Astrand, Hunt 추정식 은 과대 추정하였다. 또한, Gellish, Gulati 추정식은 과소 추정하였으며, Dr. SUNG과 Tanaka 추정식이 실제 최대심박 수와 가장 근사한 추정치를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 이번에 개발한 한국형 20대 남자성인을 위한 최대심박수 추정식(신 장과 나이 변수)은 현장활용 가치가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean-type maximum heart rate estimation formula for Korean men in their 20s and to examine the relationship with the existing estimation formulas. Two hundred twenty-seven young people in their 20s participated in this study. A graded exercise test (KISS protocol) was conducted until All-out to measure the real maximum heart rate. Stepwise regression was performed using the real measured maximum heart rate, age, height, weight, and BMI, and a Korean-type maximum heart rate estimation formula wsa developed. As a result of the first purpose to develop a Korean-type maximum heart rate estimation formula, age and height showed a significant relationship with maximum heart rate. The higher the age or height, the lower the maximum heart rate. Dr. SUNG model reflecting age and height was HRmax = 274.486 - (1.710 × age) - (0.249 × height(cm)). The results of the second purpose comparing the relationship between the various existing maximum heart rate estimation formulas and the actual maximum heart rate are as follows. The Fox, Astrand, and Hunt estimation formulas overestimated the actual measured maximum heart rate. The Gellish and Gulati formulas were underestimated, and Dr. SUNG and Tanaka estimation formulas showed the closest estimate to the actual maximum heart rate. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the maximum heart rate estimation formula for Korean adults developed in this study are useful.

본 연구에서는 사회문제로 떠오르고 있는 불법 인터넷 도박의 심각성을 탐색하고 그 대책을 논의하였다. 강원도와 충청도에 거주하는 성인과 남자 청소년 593명을 대상으로 불법 인터넷 도박 경험과 관련된 자료를 수집하였다. 성인 참여자 334명 중에서 도박 경험이 있는 252명을 ‘불법 인터넷 도박자 집단’과 ‘정기적인 오프라인 도박자 집단’, 그리고 ‘단순 도박경험자 집단’으로 구분하여 도박폐해 심각도와 도박 중독 수준, 부적 정서경험, 도박 동기, 비합리적 도박신념 등의 차이를 분석했다. ‘불법 인터넷 도박자 집단’은 상대적으로 높은 수준의 도박폐해 심각도와 도박 중독 수준을 보였는데, 특히 DSM기준에 따른 병적 도박자가 73.6%에 이르는 것으로 나타났으며, 나머지 도박 관련 특성 또한 단순 도박경험자들에 비해 높았다. 남자 청소년 259명 중에서 ‘불법 인터넷 도박’ 사이트에 방문해 본 경험이 있다고 응답한 비율은 23.6%로 나타났고, 인터넷 도박게임을 해본 경험이 있는 청소년 또한 25.5%에 이르렀다. 전체의 10%에 해당되는 청소년들이 지금도 정기적으로 인터넷 도박게임을 하고 있는 것으로 조사되었고 이들은 그렇지 않은 청소년들에 비해 불법 도박 사이트에 방문해본 비율이 높았다. 마지막으로 불법 인터넷 도박 문제에 대처하기 위한 예방 전략으로 정부 및 관련 기관에서 (1) 일선 초중등학교에 예방 교육 동영상을 제작/보급할 것과 (2) 사이버 상담을 활성화 시킬 것을 제안하였다.

This study focused on the serious problem of illegal internet gambling which is arising as a serious social problem with a proposal of prevention strategies. Subjects consist of 539 adults and adolescents who live in Kwangwon and Chungnam provinces. The adult subjects (334), 252 subjects who experienced gambling were divided into three groups: the illegal internet gambling group (21.4%), the repeated offline gambling group, and the friendly or simple gambling group. They were analyzed for five elements: the level of the danger, the degree of addiction, the negative emotional experience, the gambling motivation, and the irrational belief for gambling. The illegal internet gambling group was very serious for the danger to their life and the degree of addiction. The pathological gambler was identified as 73.6% according to the DSM, and other related addiction problems were much higher than the other groups. 23.6% of the 259 male adolescent subjects visited the illegal internet gambling web sites and 25.5% experienced actual gambling on the internet. 10% of the adolescents regularly had used internet gambling at the time of collecting the data. They usually had more experience in visiting illegal internet web sites than other adolescents. Important suggestions for Korea, in the area of gambling, were as follows: (1) Government and related organizations develop prevention programs to spread to the elementary, junior and high schools, and (2) It is important to develop cyber counselling programs.

본 연구는 성인 지적장애인을 부양하는 비장애 남자 형제들의 돌봄경험을 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 현상학적 질적연구방법을 바탕으로 심층 면담을 수행하였고, 참여자의돌봄을 다룬 신문기사와 방송 다큐멘터리 등의 문서도 자료로 활용하였다. 자료 수집은 2017 년 8월에서 10월 사이에 이루어졌으며, 4명의 비장애 남자 형제가 연구에 참여하였다. 연구결과, 참여자들이 체험한 성인 지적장애인의 주부양자로서 돌봄경험의 핵심주제는 ‘장애 형제 중심으로 사는 삶’, ‘복잡한 감정을 마음에 안고 사는 삶’, ‘항상 조심스러운 삶’, ‘위로받는 삶’, ‘균형과 조화를 이루려 노력하는 삶’으로 분석되었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 성인 지적장애인을 부양하는 비장애 형제와 가족을 위한 정책적⋅실천적 개입방안을 제언하였다.

This study explores experiences of male siblings without disability who are caring for their adult siblings with intellectual disability. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted based on phenomenological qualitative research methods, and documents such as newspaper articles and broadcasting documentaries covering the care of participants were also used as materials. Data collection took place from August to October, 2017, and four brothers without disability participated in this study. Findings are presented as five themes: a sibling with a disability-centered life, living with complex emotions including emotional ambivalence, cautious life at all times, life to receive consolation, and life trying to achieve balance and harmony. Based on the results, political and practical considerations for brothers without disability and their families who support their adult siblings with intellectual disability are discussed. Implications for social workers are suggested.

본 연구는 한국인 특성에 대해 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 방사성핵종의 체내 흡수선량 평가를 위한 일환으로 131I을 선정하여 체내 각 장기별 잔류율 및 소변 일일배설률을 측정하였다. 실험방법은 성인남성 28명을 대상으로 131I을 경구 투여한 후, 시간대별(2, 4, 6, 24시간) 갑상선, 간,위, 소장, 신장, 소변의 방사능을 측정하고 이를 이용하여 각 장기별 잔류율 및 소변 일일배설률을 산출하였다. 그 결과, 131I 투여 24시간 후 갑상선이 평균 19.70%의 잔류율과 71.12%의 소변 일일배설률을 나타냈으며, 갑상선을 제외한 각 장기는 투여 2시간 후 최고 잔류율 및 최고 소변 일일배설률을 보이나, 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 잔류율이 높은 장기 순서는 갑상선을 제외하고 위, 왼쪽 신장, 간, 소장, 오른쪽 신장으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 산출된 방사성옥소의 섭취 24시간 후 갑상선 잔류율 변화는 기존 30%로 보고된 ICRP-54/67 및 25% 잔류율로 보고된 ICRP-78의 자료와 차이를 나타냈다. 한국인의 특성에 맞는 체내 흡수선량 평가의 올바른 접근과 그에 따른 기초 자료의 확보는 향후 원자력 발전소의 작업종사자 내부피폭 및 임상에서 발생 가능한 체내 피폭의 정량적 평가에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, uptake rates of internal organs and daily urinary excretion rates were measured to get more reliable estimation results for Korean. Radioactive iodine(131I) of 100 Ci was administered by ingestion to 28 adult males for the experiment and then the radioactivity in thyroid gland, liver, stomach, small intestine, kidneys, and urine was measured after time intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours. Uptake rates of each organ and daily urinary excretion rates were calculated on the basis of these experimental results. As a result, uptake rates of 19.70% for thyroid and daily urinary excretion rates of 71.12%, on the average, were indicated. The maximum of uptake rates and daily urinary excretion rates were ecorded after 2 hours of administration of 131I, but those rates were decreased gradually later. It was also found that uptake rates were the highest in stomach, followed by the left kidney, liver, small intestine and right kidney except for thyroid gland. In this experiment, the calculated uptake change rate in thyroid gland after 24 hours of administration of 131I was different from that of ICRP-54/67(30%) and ICRP-78(25%). Thus, it is necessary to apply more reliable approach, reflecting the characteristic of Korean physiology and to obtain the basic data of results using this approach for calculation of the internal adsorbed dose. In the future, this approach can be helpful for the internal dose assessment of radiation workers in a nuclear power plant or in a hospital.

본 연구는 하부요로증상을 가진 성인 남자의 치료 추구 행위 정도를 파악하고 치료추구행위의 영향 요인을 확인하 고자 실시되었다. 연구는 공공기관에 근무하거나 공공기관을 방문한 성인 남자 중 하부요로증상을 가진 142명을 대상으로 2016년 10월에서 11월 사이에 구조적 설문지를 이용하여 이루어졌다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며 분석결과, 하부요로증상과 관련한 치료추구 행위를 한 대상자는 55.6%(79명), 치료추구행위를 하지 않았다고 응답한 대상자는 44.4%(63명)로 나타났다. 하부요로증상 관련 치료추구행위의 영향요인은 경제 수준, 주관적 건강상태, 자율 성, 관계성 등이 확인되었다. 이는 하부요로증상을 가진 성인 남자의 건강증진을 위하여 치료추구행위를 촉진하는 전략마련 이 시급함을 의미하며, 이러한 결과를 고려하여, 중재프로그램 을 개발한다면 대상자의 건강증진에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study was to assess treatment-seeking behavior and to identify the factors that affect treatment-seeking behavior of men having lower urinary tract symptoms. One hundred thirty-two men working at public institutions or visiting the public institutions were included for this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey done from October to November, 2016. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. The treatment-seeking behavior was found only in 55.6% (n=79) with lower urinary tract symptoms. The factors that affect treatment-seeking behavior in men with lower urinary tract symptoms significantly were economic status, subjective health status, autonomy, and competence. Results of this study provided fundamental data for developing the program to promote treatment-seeking behavior in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

This study aimed to confirm the effects of microcurrent stimulation of the rectus abdominisand erector spinae muscles on changes in trunk position. The experiment was performed on 10 healthy men with no metallic material in their bodies and without any peripheral or musculoskeletal disease. The subjects underwent microcurrent stimulation on each muscle with energy therapy equipment (300 μA, 50 pps, R4U, HumanDream, co., ltd., South Korea) for 10 minutes. After the intervention, front and back muscle positions were measured using 3D Moire Muscle and Body Type Inspector. There was no significant difference in the change in rectus abdominis position along vertical and horizontal lines (p>.05). However, the erector spinae position showed significant changes along horizontal lines (p<.05). Thus, microcurrent stimulation could be helpful in restricting muscle position changes. Further study is needed to evaluate the effect of microcurrent stimulation in a larger number of subjects with a longer intervention time.

This study intends to grasp the degree of adult acne by eating habit and living habit between male acne patients and normal people, compare the actual condition of skin care, announce an importance of managing adult’s acne and grasp aggravating factors of acne so as to suggest the fundamental materials which are helpful to prevent it previously. Total 400 questionnaires were distributed and collected and materials were arranged. And, 317 questionnaires were used for the final analysis by excluding 83 questionnaires of nonresponse, insincerity or abnormality. And, the results of this study are as follows. According to the stable life, emotional factor and age increase which are caused by marriage, the numerical value of acne was decreased. If considering that students’ stress and burden for studying were great, the rate of acne was high. The questions related to acne were greatly divided into total 3 things; ‘knowledge related to management’, ‘knowledge related to acne reasons’ and ‘knowledge related to aggravating factors’. Acne group showed higher standard of knowledge than normal group relatively. Also, for the facial skin type, it could be supposed that acne skin has more oil and sebum than normal skin. As the result of analyzing the relationship between eating/ living habit and acne between the groups, normal group showed more positive eating/living habit than acne group relatively. For the using of basic cosmetics suitable for skin type, there were lots of objects who select products suitable for the skin type relatively in acne group.

This study investigated the effects of Origanum majorana (O. majorana, Majoram ) aroma on electroencephalogram (EEG) in persons with poor sleep quality. Sleep quality of male adults aged of twenties were analyzed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and they were divided into two groups of good sleep quality (n=11) and poor sleep quality (n=6). EEG electrodes were attached at the frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal regions according to the International 10-20 system. EEG was measured for 3 min per each period of before, during, and after marjoram aroma therapy. Results showed that majoram aroma reduced tense feeling and did not affect blood pressures in both groups. Pulse rate was significantly reduced in the group of good sleep quality although it was within the normal range. In EEG results, subjects with good sleep quality showed decrease in delta power and increase in beta power at the temporal region of right cerebral hemisphere. However, theta powers at the temporal, occipital, parietal regions of both cerebral hemisphere, and frontal region of the left cerebral hemisphere were significantly increased. On the other hand, subjects with poor sleep quality showed increases in the theta power at the frontal and occipital region of left cerebral hemisphere, and at the parietal region of right cerebral hemisphere. It is concluded that marjoram aroma has a beneficial sleep inducing effect in the male adults with good and poor sleep quality.

Recently researches in hazardous components of chemical cosmetic become active, and consumers interest is growing. And not only women’s but also men’s interest in the skin is increasing. Therefore in this experiment, targeting adult males who have oily skin, natural packs and soaps made by using materials in Mulberry leaves find improvement skins during 4 weeks(from 12 November 2011 to 10 December 2011). The control group used soap that does not contain Mulberry leaf powder(Control soap, CS), The comparison group, used soap that contains Mulberry leaf powder (Mulberry leaf Soap, MS), and washing 2 times a day every morning and evening. Both groups apply the pack in 15 minutes that does not contain Mulberry leaf powder(Control pack, CP) on the left face, and apply the pack that contain mulberry leaf powder(Mulberry leaf pack, MP) together on the right face. Differences between this group were compared and analyzed with control group using Mulberry leaf soap and pack together. As a result, the group who used the pack and soap containing Mulberry leaf powder(Mulberry leaf soap & Mulberry leaf pack, MP+MS), baseline in a fraction, roughness, pores, pigmentation was decreased significantly than the control group who used the soap and pack not containing Mulberry leaf powder(Control Pack & Control Soap, CP+CS)(p<.05). In the future, using Mulberry leaf powder will be considered new functional materials and will have great significance in terms.

Isokinetic evaluation of trunk flexors and trunk extensors was performed at $60^{\circ}/sec\;and\;120^{\circ}/sec$ of angular velocity by using cybex 6000TEF Unit on 31 healthy male white workers and 15 post-operative HILD patients with no significant difference in mean age and mean body weight between two groups, and compared each other. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values and endurance latins for Dunk extensors and trunk flexors, and is to provide a guideline for rehabilitation program of post-operative HILD patients. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Nyktuoke Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program, The results obtained were as follow ; 1. Post-operative subjects has lower isokinetic values than normal subjects in peak torque, peak torque $\%$ by body weight, total work, total work $\%$ by body weight, average power, average power $\%$ by body weight, TAAE of trunk flexors and trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value in trunk extensors at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and in trunk flexors and trunk extensors at $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups(p<0.05). 2. Pest-ooperative subjects has lower values for angle of peak torque than normal subjects in trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups. 3. Post-operative subjects has higher values for endurance ratios than normal subjects in trunk extensors and flexors, but there are no significant differences with statistic value between two groups. 4. Post-operative subjects has higher values than normal subjects in peak torque ratios, total work ratios, average power ratios of trunk flexors to trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value between two groups(p<0.01). 5. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic valve between peak torque and height and body weight in normal subjects(p<0.05), but Thjere is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and age (p<0.05). 6. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic value between peak torque of trunk flexors and body weight in post-operative subjects (p<0.05), but There is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor add age (p<0.05). In conclusion, post-operative subjects have greater weakness in trunk musculature than normal subjects, especially there is more significant weakness in trunk extensors than in trunk flexors

This study evaluated the correlation between serum uric acid level and the nutrients adequacy ratio (NAR) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016~2019. This is a cross-sectional study in which 6,579 Korean male adults were divided into quartiles according to their uric acid levels. All analyses were performed with adjusted age. Uric acid decreased as the age increased from the age group 19~29 years to 30~49 years and then to 50~64 years. Interquartile results of serum uric acid levels showed that increases in the serum uric acid levels were associated with decreases in LDL-cholesterol (P<0.01), triglycerides (P<0.001), body weight (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.001), body mass index (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P<0.001). However, uric acid levels decreased with an increase in HDL cholesterol (P<0.001). The analysis of the NARs according to the quartiles of serum uric acid levels in men showed that an increase in serum uric acid levels was associated with a decrease in the NAR levels of dietary fiber (P<0.001), calcium (P<0.001), and folic acid (P<0.001).

경부는 얼굴과 인접해 있으며, 상의의 목둘레선 형성 및 칼라 부착 부위로서 피복구성상 중요한 부위 중의 하나이며, 성별, 연령, 시기에 따라 차이가 있다. 특히 남성의 경부는 여성의 경우와는 달리 후두융기가 있고, 목의 너비, 굵기, 경사도 등에 있어서 개인차가 커서 다양한 형태를 구성하고 있다. 또한 남성복 정장에서 중의로 착용되는 드레스셔츠는 밀착형 칼라가 부착되므로, 경부 형태와의 조화성이 인상 형성이나 신체적합성 및 동작적합성 등 기능성에 영향을 크게 미치게 된다. 따라서 기능적이고 쾌적한 칼라 패 구성을 위해서 성인 남성의 경부 형태 관찰이 절실히 요구되고 있다.(중략)

기성복같이 대량 생산되는 의복은 불특정 다수를 대상으로 하기 때문에 의복설계의 기본이 되는 원형에 있어서도, 인체 형상데이타에 근거하여, 인체에 적합성이 높은 원형의 필요성이 요구되어진다. 본 연구는 성인남자를 대상으로 3차원의 형상인 인체와, 그 인체의 특징을 내포하고 있는 평면패턴과의 관계를 파악함으로써, 인체에 적합성이 높고, 일반인이 사용하기 쉬운 원형제도법을 위한 방법론의 검토를 목적으로 하고 있다.(중략)

The purpose of this study was to compare clothing attitude and clothing purchase behavior of two age groups of adult men,- college students and middle aged. Four aspects of clothing attitude (fashion interest, status symbol, conformity, practicality/comfort) were assessed with 20 Likert type questionnaires adapted from the previous researches. Four aspects of purchase behavior(information sources used, store patronage, importance of store attributes, clothing selection creteria for occasions) were measured with forced choice questionnaire developed or adapted from previous researches. The questionnaire were administrated to 512 male college students and middle aged men. The data were analysed using frequency, percentage, and t-test. The major findings drawn from this study were as follows : 1. Clothing comfort among four aspects of clothing attitude according to the age group was that middle-aged men showed higher conformity than college students. 2. For the information source for apparel purchase, college students used consumer dominated information source while middle-aged men used market dominated information source. 3. For apparel purchase, students preferred brand franchise store, and factory outlet/off-price store, while middle-aged preferred department store and custom-made. Among six store attributes, convenience and price were the most important attributes to the students, while convenience and high quality to the middle aged. 4. The most important clothing selection creteria for formal occasion (job interview, wedding ceremony) was dignity. Comfort/practicality were important creteria for both of leisure occasion and daily attendance (office, school).

Anthropological measurements concerning 29 items were made on 37 adult males aged from 20 to 60. Factor analysis was applied in all 36 items. The main results are as gallows 1. Neck girth and need base girth are smaller. in the elder croup than the gouger group. 2. These decrease occur in the frontal part of the neck. 3. Neck frontal width decreases with age, but side depth increases. 4. The back part of the body depth at the level of the shoulder increases with age. 5. For the factor analysis, the third factor is a factor of forms, the variations of which has a relation with age.

성인 남자 목부위의 연령별 형태 변화를 슬라이딩 게이지법에 의하여 측정하고자 하였으며,피험자는 20대 청년층 15명, 40대 중년층 11명, 60대 노년층 11명으로 하였다. 측정 부위는 후두융기점, 목뒷점, 목앞점, 어깨점을 지나는 목부위의 수평단면형태로 하였으며, 목부위의 측면형태, 각 수평단면의 둘레, 수평단면의 전후$\cdot$좌우길이에 대하여 연령별 특징을 파악하였다. 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 목뒷점에서 수평으로 인체의 전방을 향하여 그으진 수평선에 대한 후두융기점의 위치로서 목의 측면 형태를 분석하였으며, 20대에서는 피험자 15명중 14명이 자세I과 자세II에 속하므로서 경부 자세가 바른 체형을 보여 주었으며, 40대에서는 피험자 11명중 자세II에 속하는 피험자가 3명이었으며 나머지 8명은 경부 자세가 앞으로 수그러진 체형인 자세III에 속하였다. 60대에서는 피험자 11명 모두가 자세III에 속하였다. 2. 후두융기점, 목뒷점, 목앞점, 어깨점을 지나는 각 수평 단면도의 특징에 대하여 보면,목뒷점 수평단면의 형태는 젊은층은 원형을, 중년층과 노년층으로 갈수록 타원형의 모양으로 변화하는것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 후두융기점의 위치가 앞으로 수그러지면서 후두융기점 을 지나는 수평단면도의 형태 역시 나이가 들수록 청년층에 비하여 뒷목 부위가 크게 되어지는 경향을 볼수 있었다. 목앞점을 지나는 수평단면은 나이가 들수록 청년층에 비하여 단면의 전후$\cdot$좌우길이가 커지는 경향을 볼 수있었으며 40대가 최대치를 나타내었다. 어깨점을 지나는 수평단면의 특징은 나이가 들수록 전후길이(두께)는 증가하고 좌우길이(너비)는 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

As a means to get a better understanding of the kind of form changes to which is subject the neck of the men, in its aging process, several measurement recordings on a vertical and horizontal sections were carried. Subjects were young, middle aged and elder men (15 in their twenties, 11 in their forties and again 11 in their sixties) 1) The analysis of the meansurement results led us to distinguish 3 types of subjects according to the position of the their Adam's apple with regard to the horizontal plane containing their 7th cervical vertebrae point : clearly above (Type I), next to(Type II), clearly below(Type III). We found that young men correspond to the Type I and II, middle aged men to the Type ll and 111 and elder men only to the Type III. 2) The comparison of the horizontal sectional surface contained in the planes corresponding to the 4 points, shows a larger sectional surface for elder men in the Adam's apple plane, accompanied by a change of position of the Adam's apple forwards. As for the front neck point plane, the body sectiolial surface is larger in depth in elder men, without much change in breadth. And for the acromion point plane, we observed also an increase in depth, but with a decrease in breadth corresponding partially to the atrophy of the thoraric cage in eldermen.