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From the Bogor Botanic Garden, Bali Botanic Garden and Cibodas Botanic Garden in Indonesia, 293 medicinal plants were examined by photographing. From the Bogor Botanic Garden, 96 species in 50 families of plants were investigated. Among the medicinal plant region of this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Zingiberaceae with 12 species, followed by Acanthaceae with 7 species, Apocynaceae 5 species, Euphorbiaceae 5 species and Piperaceae 5 species. From Bali Botanic Garden, 185 species in 72 families of plants were studied. The most dominant families in the medicinal plant region of this botanic garden were Euphorbiaceae with 9 species and Zingiberaceae with 9 species, followed by Myrtaceae with 7 species and Malvaceae 5 species. From the Cibodas Botanic Garden, 12 species of medicinal plants were classsified.

The genus Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial vine plant native to China, Japan, Mongolia and Taiwan. However, the species T. kirilowii Maxim. and T. kirilowii var. japonica Kitam. are native plants mostly in Korea and Japan. T. kirilowii, is used as a Korean and Chinese medicinal herb. However, the roots which are used in traditional medicine take several years to mature when cultivated in a traditional way. Fortunately, through tissue culture techniques, the roots can be produced in a shorter period of time. This in vitro study therefore was conducted to identify and establish the optimal medium and plant growth regulator type and concentrations suitable for adventitious root formation and biomass enhancement of T. kirilowii roots. The wild roots were collected, disinfected and cultured in MS and DJ solid and liquid agitator culture basal media supplemented with auxin-based hormone IBA to induce adventitious roots and increase the biomass within a minimal time frame. We expect to establish a system of root cultivation of T. kirilowii for the stable supply of substantial mass production in the future by providing a standard in vitro propagation protocol for the root cultivation.

From the Botanic Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, Medicinal Plant Garden of Bandung Institute of Technology and Medicinal Plant Garden of Bumi Herbal Dago in Indonesia, 227 medicinal plants were examined by photographing. From the Botanic Garden of Bogor Agricultural University, 108 species in 46 families of plants were investigated. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Compositae with 11 species, followed by Zingiberaceae with 9 species and Acanthaceae with 8 species. From Medicinal Plant Garden of Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung, 43 species in 26 families of plants were studied. The most dominant family in this botanic garden was Acanthaceae with 6 species, followed by Lamiaceae with 5 species and Euphorbiaceae with 4 species. From the Medicinal Plant Garden of Bumi Herbal Dago in Bandung, 76 species in 33 families of medicinal plants were classified. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Lamiaceae with 10 species, followed by Acanthaceae with 7 species and Compositae with 6 species.

From the greenhouses of Tokyo Metropolitan Medicinal Plants Garden, Medicinal Plant Garden of Hoshi University and Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome in Tokyo Province of Japan, 311 tropical and subtropical plants were examined by photographing. From the greenhouse of Tokyo Metropolitan Medicinal Plants Garden, 152 species in 58 families of plants were investigated. Among the greenhouse of this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Apocynaceae with 13 species, followed by Leguminosae with 11 species, Malvaceae and Myrtaceae with 8 species, Solanaceae and Zingiberaceae 7 species, and Moraceae 6 species. From the greenhouse of Medicinal Plant Garden of Hoshi University, 103 species in 47 families of plants were studied. The most dominant families in the greenhouse of this botanic garden was Leguminosae with 19 species, followed by Apocynaceae with 7 species, Zingiberaceae with 6 species, and Moraceae 5 species. From the Yumenoshima Tropical Greenhouse Dome, 56 species in 31 families of plants were classified.

From the Turpan Desert Botanical Garden of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 30 species in 18 families of plants were investigated by photographing. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Leguminosae with 7 species, followed by Polygonaceae with 3 species and Iridaceae with 2 species. From the Medicinal Plant Garden of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, 35 species in 21 families of plants were classified. The most dominant family in this botanic garden was Rosaceae with 5 species, followed by Apiaceae with 3 species and Campanulaceae with 3 species. From the Longxi Medicinal Plant Garden, 58 species in 25 families of medicinal plants were studied. Among this botanic garden, the most dominant family was Lamiaceae with 8 species, followed by Apiaceae with 7 species and Compositae with 7 species. From the Shaanxi Xi'an Botanical Garden, 48 species in 25 families of plants were investigated.

In this study estimates the daily dose of Amomi Fructus, currently unspecified in The Korean Pharmacopoeia. For analysis, we selected Donguibogam and collected the prescriptions that contain the Amomi Fructus. The prescriptions were then categorized into dosage forms, and the daily dose was calculated according to the formula. We also examined the prescriptions containing specific numbers of Amomi Fructus per dose. We thus divided a total of 214 prescriptions into 106 decoctions, 38 powders, 66 pills, and four others, and calculated the minimum, maximum, average, and general daily dose under each category. The daily dose in decoctions was minimum 1.5g, maximum 11.25g, average 5.226g, and 3.75 7.5g in general. The daily dose in powders was minimum – 0.156g, maximum 22.5g, average 3.714g, and 1–6g in general. The daily dose in pills was minimum 0.027g, maximum 14.208g, average 2.619g, and 5g or less in general. The daily dose of Amomi Fructus proposed in existing literature is similar to that of the decoctions while the daily doses in powders and pills are lower than those in existing literature.

We researched to refer to the exchange of herbal medicines between countries and the improvement of the quality control system of herbal medicines. We compared the specifications of 99 animal-based medicinal materials in the five states of Northeast Asia including South Korea, North Korea, China, Taiwan, and Japan. By country, China had the most significant number with 86 kinds of animal-based medicinal materials, and South Korea ranked second with 52 items. Only 50% of the things were carried in just one country's pharmacopeia. And the quality specifications except for origin and character were not specified at all, or only one examination was prescribed. Since the quality control regulations of animal-based medicinal materials are insufficient, systematic researches on the quality specifications of animal-based medicinal materials are needed in the future.

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification for herbal medicine should be grasped in order to study herbal medicine using public open data such as health insurance data or adverse drug event reporting data. In this study, herbal medicinal materials and ingredients from the domestic and foreign pharmacopeia were mapped to herbal medicinal products on the market in Korea, and then herbal medicines were classified ATC codes. As a result, 9,644 herbal medicines and 187 ATC codes were identified and of these, 62 ATC codes consisting of only herbal medicine were included and 2,345 products corresponded. A total of 62 ATC codes could be applied to public open data studies, but they are part of the total herbal medicine, and a new herbal ATC (HATC) code classification is required for the study of herbal medicine.

The Geubyubang (及幼方) is a pediatric medical book written by Jo Jeong-joon (趙廷俊). Among the pediatric medical books in the Joseon Dynasty, it is the most systematic and the most abundant. However, since it has not been published as a book and has existed as several manuscripts, it has been difficult to specify standard edition so far. As a result, academia use the version of the Gyujang-gak edition because it is easy to access the original. The recently opened to the public Jongno Library edition can be confirmed as a reference book because of the format of the preface. Therefore, the Jongno Library edition should be used instead of the Gyujang-gak edition. Also, comparing the edition of Jon-gyoeng-gak and Sancheong Museum of Korean Medicine, I could see that it was the same version. Because the outline, handwriting, and symbol were the same.

Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays an integral role in providing health care worldwide. This article provides a brief of the Korean herbal medicine propagation and some of the glocalized medicinal plants in the Korea herbal market. In fact, there is a heavy reliance on herbal medicinal plants in traditional medicine. However, due to the increasing demand in the glocal market and change in the climatic conditions, the use of improved propagation technology is inevitable to enhance mass production of these important medicinal plants. A number of studies are being undertaken to develop the in vitro propagation protocols for a number of the important medicinal plants. The steps undertaken during the in vitro propagation process of the medicinal plants at KIOM were outlined. Botany, ethnophamacorlogical uses, and chemical composition of medicinal plants under study in Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM) have also been outlined. Based on the literature review, we obtained information on Panax ginseng and Harpagophytum procumbens; some of the major glocalized medicinal plants in Korea market. The robust in vitro propagation of plants in KIOM involves the process of sterilization, shooting, rooting and acclimatization with the maintenance of the environmental conditions. P. africana, P. multiflorum, R. glutinosa, A. kusnezoffii, T. kirilowii, and Pinellia ternate are some of the important medicinal plants under in vitro propagation study at KIOM. Increase in the glocal use of P. ginseng and H. procumbens has further strengthened the demand for them both for research purpose and therapeutic application. Through advanced in vitro propagation technology, not only can the increasing glocal demand for herbal medicinal plants be met but also the climatic effects on medicinal plants can be mitigated.

The calyx of Diospyros kaki has been known to be effective for the treatment of intractable hiccups for a long time in Korea medicine. In this review, we provide a summary of the latest pharmacological efficacy and clinical study of the calyx of Diospyros kaki. Seven electronic databases, including those in English (PubMed), Korean (KMbase, KoreaMED, NDSL, OASIS), Chinese (CNKI), and Japanese (J-STAGE), were systematically searched. Twenty-five studies, including 21 pharmacological efficacy studies and four clinical studies, were evaluated. The calyx of Diospyros kaki showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-genotoxic, tyrosinase inhibitory, elastase inhibitory, and diaphragm contraction inhibitory effect. Antioxidant components of the calyx of Diospyros kaki were identified tannin, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, and rutin. Also, the calyx of Diospyros kaki was effective for treatment of omphalitis of newborn, and intractable hiccups with serious diseases such as cancer in clinical studies. Further investigations are needed to explore individual bioactive compounds responsible for these pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo. We hope to develop new potential natural drug candidates along with much scientific evidence from pharmacologic and clinical studies of the calyx of Diospyros kaki.

The epigenesis is a phenomenon in which genetic information is expressed differently due to inherited factors such as environment, habit, and virus infection without changing the gene base sequence itself. Although many researchers could reveal many secrets of life through deciphering the human genome sequence, many studies using epigenetic have been attempted because genome had difficulty in explaining the various disease incidence. Large-scale projects are being actively carried out globally, and Korea is also participating in this project. We investigated what kind of research was carried out internationally using the epigenome and analyzed the technical factors that are needed to start the study of the epigenetic genome in this paper. We investigated applicable research areas using these techniques and introduced one epigenome project that our team has actually done. Our study used integrated network between DNA methylation and expression, identify epigenetic regulating network hub genes associated with anti-asthmatic effects by D. sophia seed extract (DSE) treatment in OVA-induced mouse model. We hope that the results of this study will lead to the development of diverse epigenetic studies in the field of Korean medicine. 후성유전체 연구동향 분석 및 한의약 활용 방안 연구 김철 책임연구원* , 성보석 선임연구원, 장윤지 선임연구원 한국한의학연구원 미래의학부 Analysis of the epigenome research trends and study on utilization of Korean Medicine Chul Kim*, Seong Boseok, Jang Yunji Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Correspondence: Chul Kim Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-42-868-9582, E-mail: chulnice@kiom.re.kr Received 2018-11-16, revised 2018-11-27, accepted 2018-11-28, available online 2018-12-01 doi:10.22674/KHMI-6-2-12 Keywords: epigenome, epigenetic research, trend analysis, technical

“Processing” is one of the techniques to change the toxicity of medicinal herbs or its specific component. It is widely used in the clinical area, but there are arising problems that toxic substances are created during the processing. Moreover, there is not much standardization for the processing of Korean medicines. We collected research papers conducted research with processing using the CNKI website and made a database which composed the method of processing, the purpose of the experiment, and the result of the experiment. Using this database, we analyzed the articles according to the medicinal parts, the processing method, and additives. Researchers will be able to search for information of interest herbs about the application method and the effects.

The production of monographs for herbal medicine resources has become active in numerous countries after the Nagoya Protocol has taken effect since 2014. We have to accumulate accurate information as a country of biological, genetic resources. The limiting factor that occurs at a field where medical herbs are collected for storing data is that there are sometimes areas where Internet communication is not possible. It is also not possible to search for data that we have already built. To solve these problems, we developed a new supporting tool on mobile which based on Android native application. The herb experts can record accurate information in any environment with this tool such as deep mountains, remote islands, and Mongolia. And we can find the information on plant specimens and origins of herbal medicines that we already have. We have detailed explanations of the mobile apps developed in this paper so that many experts can utilize the system in the future.