Earticle

노인의 인구증가는 노인과 범죄의 연관성에 대하여 관심을 불러 일으켰다. 노인범죄는 피해자적인 측면과 가해자적인 측면에서 논의가 될 수 있으며, 이 논문에서는 가해자의 측면에서 연구하였다. 이 논문에서는 노인범죄의 실태를 파악하기 위해 2000년부터 2008년까지 대검찰청, 통계청 및 보건복지가족부 자료 등을 이용하여 실태분석을 실시하고 선행연구를 집중적으로 분석하였다. 노인에 대한 선행연구들은 ‘노인범죄는 다른 연령층에 비해서 낮은 범죄율을 보이고, 노인들이 신체적.정신적으로 노쇠해 강력범죄보다는 재산범죄를 저지르는 비율이 높다’라고 하였다. 그러나 이번 연구를 통해 만 65세 이상 노인들이 우리사회 인구 구성비율에서 7%를 넘어선 2000년 이후 기존의 노인에 대한 개념으로는 노인 문제를 설명하기에 적절하지 못함을 알 수 있었다.

UN defines that a society is called as Aging Society if the elders who is 65-year or more are 7.2% of entire population, as Aged Society if they are 14.3%, and as Post-aged society if they are more than 20.8%. According to this definition, Korea already entered into Aging Society in 2000, and it is expected that Korea will enter into Post-aged Society in 2026 passing though Aged Society in 2018.. As the ratio of elders’ population against entire population is increasing based on growing absolute population of elders, they have influence on the society more and more. Crime statistics of Criminal Judicial Agencies showed that the elders’ crime ratio increased about twice from 2.4% in 2000, when Korea entered into Aging Society, to 4.3% in 2006. The purpose of this Study is creating the countermeasure of social welfare, emotion and criminal politics to prevent elders’ crime by analyzing the type of the elders’ crime and its actual condition. Collecting and analyzing various instance from Criminal Judicial Agencies and the Press, it shows that the characteristics of elders’ crime is following in change of population structure, the number of elder criminal who has violated against the Criminal Law or the Special Law has been increased in the same trend. In terms of the pattern of elders’ crime, property crime takes the largest ratio of total elders’ crime. Violent crime takes miner ratio but its frequency is increasing. It shows that certain part of elders’ crime caused by declining income of elders and insufficient cash. The ratio of sexual crime is miner part of elders’ crime, however more interests and preparations are required. Because elders’ average life span has been extended, thanks to various improved medical care, elders’ health has been improved and their sexual life becomes more important as well. As a consequence, elders’ crime ratio is not negligible. They become brutal and so that our society needs to aware and solve. An organic cooperation and study between Criminal Judicial Agencies are required to manage and prevent elders’ crime. In addition, diversified approaches to the low-income elders are considered such as public pension, living care service. Developing leisure program, concerns about elders, proactive roles of welfare organizations are required as well. Elders should be considered as an important member of each part of our society and elders’ crime should be managed by being given an aggressive role to elders.

이상에서 살펴본 바와 같이 현대사회에서 CCTV는 이제 없어서는 안 될 생활필수품과도 같이 되었고, 영국 등 CCTV의 선진국들의 운용사례나 우리나라의 여러 연구결과에서도 알 수 있듯이 일부 분석이나 검증의 미비 문제를 둘러싼 논란의 여지는 있지만 대체적으로 CCTV가 범죄예방과 검거에 있어 효과가 있다는 것이 인정되고 있는 현실이다. 더욱이 유영철 사건이나 정남규 사건 등과 같이 전 국민들에게 큰 충격을 준 극악무도한 무동기 범죄나 여러 가지 테러 위협으로부터 시민들을 안심시키고 위험요소를 사전에 제거하며 최소화하기 위해 서는 일반적인 범죄예방활동이나 수단만으로는 해결하기 어려운 부분이 있는만큼 CCTV의 존재 가치를 부인하기는 어렵다고 할 것이다.

We live in an affluent society that is due to rapid economic growth. Various social conflicts and an increase in crime rates, caused by harmful effects of materialism, is what rooted this to become a public issue. Crime aspect is developing into something more intellectual and violent. These crimes against unspecified individuals, without concrete motive, are more tragic than usual. Because of this, it is hard to search for witnesses or any type of evidence that may relate. It has become even harder to secure the statement from the witness and the associated people because of their fear of retaliation. Property-owners that were affected from these existing crimes committed demand for changes to be made within the paradigm to reduce crime. So, an arrest-oriented crime plan switched into a precaution-oriented counter plan called Crime Prevention Through Environment Design (CPTED). This new plan is adopted by many highly developed countries, such as Great Britain, as an active way in preventing crime. CCTV is another part of this technique and is now in growing focus of the media. In our country, Seoul Gangnam first introduced five CCTVs as an efficient anti-crime measure in the year 2002. There was nothing but positive feedbacks from its first-time users. And now every home-owner is spending much of their finances for the installation of CCTV programs nationwide. It has been five years since, and CCTV is among the most essential means of preventing crime. It has been depended on by many for the arrestment of those who do unlawful activities. They were installed in earnest. The purpose of this research is to inspect the effectiveness of the policy since it can be assumed that five years is long enough to be proven effective. First, examine the validity of existing opinion that is in relation to preventing crimes and the amount of arrested criminals since using CCTV. Second, make an alternative plan for keeping the measure in good working order by analyzing questionnaires from monitoring personnel and related staff. To achieve the purpose of this research, I have examined the CCTV used in Gangnam police station and how efficiently they are used as a means of preventing crime. Also, I have reviewed over the case studies based on existing reports and statistical data on CIMS(Crime Information Management System). I have surveyed and interviewed the police officers who working Gangnam police station, along with the monitoring personnel, about their views and expectations of CCTV. By doing so, I have tried to verify the effectiveness of CCTV that were installed in the first-line police stations, and grasp for more effective ways of using it efficiently.

오랫동안 사회주의 체제하에서 통제에 안주하던 이들은 새로운 변화에 적응하지 못한 사례가 빈발하여 새로운 사회불안 요인으로 떠오르고 있다. 이들에 대한 체계적이고도 근본적인 대처로 경험을 축적한다면 통일과도기에 북한주민들을 계도하는데 좋은 방안으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 경찰조직의 이상적인 통합방안으로는 질서가 일정수준 확립될 때까지는 강력한 중앙집권적인 국가경찰체제가 바람직할 것이며, 당분간은 양 경찰기능의 조정과 통제기능이 중시될 수밖에 없으므로 양 경찰기관의 상위기관으로 「남북합동경찰위원회」를 두고 정치적 이해관계를 조정하는 역할도 담당하도록 해야 할 것이다. 동 위원회 산하에 양측에 집행관청을 두어 경찰청과 인민보안성으로 업무와 기능이 조정. 통제되도록 해야 할 것이다. 통일과도기에 실질적인 경찰의 역할은, 통일이 연착륙될 수 있도록 돕고 실제로 예상되는 치안수요에 잘 대처는 일이다. 합의통일의 경우에는 3단계로 검토하는 것이 필요하다. 화해와 협력단계에서는 남북간의 불신과 적대관계 청산단계이므로 상호 교류와 협력을 통한 신뢰구축이 무엇보다 중요하다. 이를 위해 전담부서를 두어 보안대책수립, 보안정보요원 사전 육성, 북한주민 대량 유입시 대책, 북한지역 경찰관서 배치요원 육성 등을 수행하게 하고, 자유왕래를 틈탄 북한의 불순한 대남전략 책동에 대비하여 판문점에 입경수속 관계부처 합동 출입통제소를 설치하여 범법자의 유입을 사전에 차단하고 연고지별 또는 행선지별 동향감시와 주민신고 체제를 확립해야 할 것이다. 또한 남북연합단계에서는 협력단계의 남북업무 전담부서를 흡수하여 남북치안협력위원회를 구성하여 치안정보교류 및 범법자 상호인도 그리고 치안관련 협정체결과 공동연구, 경찰통합방안 등에 대하여 공동으로 대처하는 것이 바람직하다. 이와 아울러 남한 내 통일반대세력의 관찰과 대북 첩보수집활등을 강화하고 해외범죄단체들의 국내 잠입에 대해서도 대비해야 한다.

Would South and North Korea be unified indeed? If possible, which ways could be possible? Preparing for the reunification could be a way to make it happen. This research scales down the ways of reunification into a mutual agreement of both sides and sudden collapse of North's internal system. No matter which ways it could be, enormous security problems are expected to occur in both sides after the reunification. This research will give a prediction about several different demands for public security in accordance with each transitional period stage of reunification and let the police know their roles so as to make the society stable and ease the impact of reunification. First of all, this research will review the reunification strategies of South and North by time sequence, then survey the current development and what will be happened. To prepare for the to-be reunification, first, it is needed to inspect the causes of confliction and demands for public security comprehensively. Secondly, it is also paramount to design a national police system as a form of the unified police model filling the needs for public security. Lastly, making up a research team for practicing policies is needed. To be the police who are well prepared for the period of reunification, the police need to be highly aware of the importance of reunification with the liberal democracy and they have a historical and national mission to land the reunification on the basis of democracy. Two types are possible in the way of reunification. The first is the mutual agreement reunification and the other is one from the abrupt collapse of the North Korea internal system. In case of mutual agreement reunification, this way is possibly in line with the South Korea government's policies, and needs three stages. The first is recovery step of the mutual trust and understanding. The second is the union step between the two sides and the third is reunification step. Consequently, we need to devise each stage's countermeasure. The first step is the most important. In this step, the public security policy should be operated for helping to overcome heterogeneity and to build up friendly relation between the both sides. In the case of the unexpected absorbed reunification, it is very difficult to predict the time and accurate characteristics of North Korea, but obviously the time will come. "An emergency plan" for on this plan, we should take over the right of commending the police by forming a delegation in North Korea. It is affordable to set up temporal provincial police agency. By tying up several provincial agencies, we need to set up a unified security control office and give it the interim management authority. Enormous extrications, exiles of North Korea people will occur frequently, and then demand for public security would be exploded. If North Korea fails to controlling the riots by an interim government, we should consider North Korea's warmongering risk. It is very important for the police to gain ascendancy at the start over criminal mood by setting the emergent work system and by supervising the wartime criminals We must reinforce various activities for collecting criminal security information and build up security cooperation system with near countries.

선진국 진입을 앞둔 우리나라는 급속한 경제성장과 이에 따른 국민생활 소득의 향상으로 자동차를 보유한 숫자가 크게 증가하여 자동차 교통의 대중화 시대로 접어들게 되었다. 그러나 교통문화에서 준법정신만큼은 아직도 후진국 수준에 머물러 있는 것이 현실이다. 우리의 경우도 진정한 교통선진국 진입을 위해서 는 OECD수준의 교통사고율에 접근하여야 하고 이를 위해서는 사회 간접자본인 도로교통 안전시설에 대한 투자, 음주운전 감소 를 위한 다양한 홍보와 단속 그리고 개선방안 등이 필요하다. 그렇지 않고 단순히 교통법규위반자에 대한 행정처분이란 규제로 해결점을 찾는다고 한다면 우리나라의 교통선진국 진입은 더욱 요원해질 뿐이다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 우리나라에서 시행되고 있는 교통단속방안과 개선방안들의 문제들에 관하여 면밀히 검토하고 새로운 각도에서 이를 평가하는 접근방법과 현재 규제위주의 운전면허 행정처분제도를 국민들이 자발적으로 교통법규준수에 동참할 수 있도록 동기를 부여할 수 있는 개선방안 등을 중점적으로 살펴보기로 한다. 아울러 가장 고질적인 음주운전 근절을 위한 효율적인 단속방안을 마련함은 물론 선진형 교통법규준수를 위한 국민 계도정책도 또한 꾸준히 전개해야 할 필요가 있다는 점도 강조하고 별도의 대안으로 제시하고 있다.

With the developed country nearing to become a reality, Korea is in an age of the massification of the private vehicles as the number of vehicle ownerships increases under this rapid economic growth and with increased national income. The motorists' law-abiding spirit, however, still remains at the level of the undeveloped countries. As to us, the traffic accident rate has to be improved to the level of OECD's to become a truly developed country in transportation culture, and to this end, the investment into the traffic safety facilities that are social overhead capitals, and a variety of promotions, regulations, and improvement plans to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol are required. But, the mere finding of the solutions by means of administrative disposition against those who violate traffic regulations will just make our dream of becoming a developed country in transportation go farther. This study, therefore, thoroughly examines the issues on current traffic enforcement plans of Korea and their improvements, and focuses on the approach method to evaluate these issues from another angle and improvement plans of current enforcement-based administrative disposition systems of driver's license which motivate citizens to observe the traffic regulations voluntarily. In addition, effective enforcement measures to root out intractable driving under the influence of alcohol is being prepared and national guidance policies for advanced observations of traffic regulations is being emphasized for its continuing operation and presented as an additional alternative.

순직.공상 경찰의 근본적인 문제 해결을 위해서는 경찰관 내부의 노력부터 시작되어야 할 것이다. 경찰청 내부에서 피해를 예방하기 위한 교육 프로그램 등을 개발하고 실시하여 각종 상황에 맞는 업무 매뉴얼 등을 작성하여야 할 것이다. 또한 비현실적으로 과다한 업무량과 경찰 공무원 직업 특성상 발생하는 스트레스 해소를 위해 적극적으로 노력해야 할 것이다. 회복할 수 없는 치명적인 사고는 금전적으로 절대 배상이 안 된다는 것을 명심하고 사전에 피해를 방지하려는 노력을 최우선으로 두어야 할 것이다. 만약에 발생한 사고에 대해서는 경찰관과 시민들이 순직.공상 경찰관에 대하여 영웅시 할 수 있는 사회적 분위기를 조성하여 관련 법제도 정비 및 민간기관의 협조가 원활히 이루어 질 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 미국과 일본의 예에서 봤듯이 순직.공상 공무원 및 그 가족에 대한 합리적이고 현실적인 보상 방안은 경찰 및 그 가족들에게 자부심을 길러 줄 것이며 그에 상응하여 나라에 대한 충성심과 시민들을 향한 치안 서비스의 향상은 자명한 일이다. 경찰은 특수하고 위험한 업무를 수행하는 우리와 같은 시민이다. 그런 관점에서 경찰 보상 문제에 대해 접근한다면, 특수하고 위험한 업무를 담당하는 시민에게 그에 맞는 대우를 해 주어야 한다는 것은 당연한 이치이고 보다 합리적이고 실질적인 보상방안이 나올 것이라 생각한다.

Police officers always endeavor to make our society safe for citizens. They work around the clock and deal with various problems and strenuous situations that occur in our society. Due to their long working hours, police officers easily suffer burnout and other psychological effects, too. However, we have not instituted a good welfare system for them until now. Even though we have implemented policy and special welfare systems for workers who work in dangerous conditions such as fire fighters and police officers, this is not enough to compensate for workers who risk their lives. One of the significant reasons for this is that the constitution still needs to be revised. Moreover, there are problems regarding compensation for loss of life, the bereaved families who are financially affected by this loss and the honor of the deceased. For this reason, I investigated complications and shortcomings on the police relief system and subsequently submit solutions through this paper. Several improvements were suggested to solve these problems. Firstly, preventive measures should be given special attention. If police officers are severely injured while on duty, it usually takes a long time to recover. In order to minimize accidents and injuries on duty, police officers should be trained on safety procedures and precautions through the police educational program. Additionally, long working hours that police officers put in should be considered positively. Still, government needs to make a concerted effort to get rid of stresses that police officers incur when on duty and put mechanisms in place for physical and psychological recovery. The last aspect of improvement which I suggest is the upgrading of laws and systems for who are injured or died on duty. When police officers are wounded or die on duty, full financial support and compensation for the bereaved family members should be made available. In addition to being citizens, police officers are important contributing members in our society. From this point of view, if we handle this problem, we will draw conclusions easily.